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08442f8a82
freebsd-dev/usr.bin/netstat/main.c
Bosko Milekic 08442f8a82 Introduce numerous SMP friendly changes to the mbuf allocator. Namely, 
introduce a modified allocation mechanism for mbufs and mbuf clusters; one
which can scale under SMP and which offers the possibility of resource
reclamation to be implemented in the future. Notable advantages:

 o Reduce contention for SMP by offering per-CPU pools and locks.
 o Better use of data cache due to per-CPU pools.
 o Much less code cache pollution due to excessively large allocation macros.
 o Framework for `grouping' objects from same page together so as to be able
   to possibly free wired-down pages back to the system if they are no longer
   needed by the network stacks.

 Additional things changed with this addition:

  - Moved some mbuf specific declarations and initializations from
    sys/conf/param.c into mbuf-specific code where they belong.
  - m_getclr() has been renamed to m_get_clrd() because the old name is really
    confusing. m_getclr() HAS been preserved though and is defined to the new
    name. No tree sweep has been done "to change the interface," as the old
    name will continue to be supported and is not depracated. The change was
    merely done because m_getclr() sounds too much like "m_get a cluster."
  - TEMPORARILY disabled mbtypes statistics displaying in netstat(1) and
    systat(1) (see TODO below).
  - Fixed systat(1) to display number of "free mbufs" based on new per-CPU
    stat structures.
  - Fixed netstat(1) to display new per-CPU stats based on sysctl-exported
    per-CPU stat structures. All infos are fetched via sysctl.

 TODO (in order of priority):

  - Re-enable mbtypes statistics in both netstat(1) and systat(1) after
    introducing an SMP friendly way to collect the mbtypes stats under the
    already introduced per-CPU locks (i.e. hopefully don't use atomic() - it
    seems too costly for a mere stat update, especially when other locks are
    already present).
  - Optionally have systat(1) display not only "total free mbufs" but also
    "total free mbufs per CPU pool."
  - Fix minor length-fetching issues in netstat(1) related to recently
    re-enabled option to read mbuf stats from a core file.
  - Move reference counters at least for mbuf clusters into an unused portion
    of the cluster itself, to save space and need to allocate a counter.
  - Look into introducing resource freeing possibly from a kproc.

Reviewed by (in parts): jlemon, jake, silby, terry
Tested by: jlemon (Intel & Alpha), mjacob (Intel & Alpha)
Preliminary performance measurements: jlemon (and me, obviously)
URL: http://people.freebsd.org/~bmilekic/mb_alloc/
2001-06-22 06:35:32 +00:00

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/*
* Copyright (c) 1983, 1988, 1993
* Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
* must display the following acknowledgement:
* This product includes software developed by the University of
* California, Berkeley and its contributors.
* 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
* may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
* without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#ifndef lint
char const copyright[] =
"@(#) Copyright (c) 1983, 1988, 1993\n\
Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n";
#endif /* not lint */
#ifndef lint
#if 0
static char sccsid[] = "@(#)main.c 8.4 (Berkeley) 3/1/94";
#endif
static const char rcsid[] =
"$FreeBSD$";
#endif /* not lint */
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/file.h>
#include <sys/protosw.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netgraph/ng_socket.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <err.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <kvm.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <nlist.h>
#include <paths.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include "netstat.h"
static struct nlist nl[] = {
#define N_IFNET 0
{ "_ifnet" },
#define N_IMP 1
{ "_imp_softc" },
#define N_RTSTAT 2
{ "_rtstat" },
#define N_UNIXSW 3
{ "_localsw" },
#define N_IDP 4
{ "_nspcb"},
#define N_IDPSTAT 5
{ "_idpstat"},
#define N_SPPSTAT 6
{ "_spp_istat"},
#define N_NSERR 7
{ "_ns_errstat"},
#define N_CLNPSTAT 8
{ "_clnp_stat"},
#define IN_NOTUSED 9
{ "_tp_inpcb" },
#define ISO_TP 10
{ "_tp_refinfo" },
#define N_TPSTAT 11
{ "_tp_stat" },
#define N_ESISSTAT 12
{ "_esis_stat"},
#define N_NIMP 13
{ "_nimp"},
#define N_RTREE 14
{ "_rt_tables"},
#define N_CLTP 15
{ "_cltb"},
#define N_CLTPSTAT 16
{ "_cltpstat"},
#define N_NFILE 17
{ "_nfile" },
#define N_FILE 18
{ "_file" },
#define N_MRTSTAT 19
{ "_mrtstat" },
#define N_MFCTABLE 20
{ "_mfctable" },
#define N_VIFTABLE 21
{ "_viftable" },
#define N_IPX 22
{ "_ipxpcb"},
#define N_IPXSTAT 23
{ "_ipxstat"},
#define N_SPXSTAT 24
{ "_spx_istat"},
#define N_DDPSTAT 25
{ "_ddpstat"},
#define N_DDPCB 26
{ "_ddpcb"},
#define N_NGSOCKS 27
{ "_ngsocklist"},
#define N_IP6STAT 28
{ "_ip6stat" },
#define N_ICMP6STAT 29
{ "_icmp6stat" },
#define N_IPSECSTAT 30
{ "_ipsecstat" },
#define N_IPSEC6STAT 31
{ "_ipsec6stat" },
#define N_PIM6STAT 32
{ "_pim6stat" },
#define N_MRT6PROTO 33
{ "_ip6_mrtproto" },
#define N_MRT6STAT 34
{ "_mrt6stat" },
#define N_MF6CTABLE 35
{ "_mf6ctable" },
#define N_MIF6TABLE 36
{ "_mif6table" },
#define N_PFKEYSTAT 37
{ "_pfkeystat" },
#define N_MBSTAT 38
{ "_mbstat" },
#define N_MBTYPES 39
{ "_mbtypes" },
#define N_NMBCLUSTERS 40
{ "_nmbclusters" },
#define N_NMBUFS 41
{ "_nmbufs" },
#define N_MBLIM 42
{ "_mbuf_limit" },
#define N_CLLIM 43
{ "_clust_limit" },
#define N_NCPUS 44
{ "_smp_cpus" },
#define N_PAGESZ 45
{ "_pagesize" },
#define N_MBPSTAT 46
{ "_mb_statpcpu" },
{ "" },
};
struct protox {
u_char pr_index; /* index into nlist of cb head */
u_char pr_sindex; /* index into nlist of stat block */
u_char pr_wanted; /* 1 if wanted, 0 otherwise */
void (*pr_cblocks)(u_long, char *, int);
/* control blocks printing routine */
void (*pr_stats)(u_long, char *, int);
/* statistics printing routine */
void (*pr_istats)(char *); /* per/if statistics printing routine */
char *pr_name; /* well-known name */
int pr_usesysctl; /* true if we use sysctl, not kvm */
} protox[] = {
{ -1, -1, 1, protopr,
tcp_stats, NULL, "tcp", IPPROTO_TCP },
{ -1, -1, 1, protopr,
udp_stats, NULL, "udp", IPPROTO_UDP },
{ -1, -1, 1, protopr,
NULL, NULL, "divert",IPPROTO_DIVERT },
{ -1, -1, 1, protopr,
ip_stats, NULL, "ip", IPPROTO_RAW },
{ -1, -1, 1, protopr,
icmp_stats, NULL, "icmp", IPPROTO_ICMP },
{ -1, -1, 1, protopr,
igmp_stats, NULL, "igmp", IPPROTO_IGMP },
#ifdef IPSEC
{ -1, N_IPSECSTAT, 1, 0,
ipsec_stats, NULL, "ipsec", 0},
#endif
{ -1, -1, 1, 0,
bdg_stats, NULL, "bdg", 1 /* bridging... */ },
{ -1, -1, 0, 0,
0, NULL, 0 }
};
#ifdef INET6
struct protox ip6protox[] = {
{ -1, -1, 1, protopr,
tcp_stats, NULL, "tcp", IPPROTO_TCP },
{ -1, -1, 1, protopr,
udp_stats, NULL, "udp", IPPROTO_UDP },
{ -1, N_IP6STAT, 1, 0,
ip6_stats, ip6_ifstats, "ip6", 0 },
{ -1, N_ICMP6STAT, 1, 0,
icmp6_stats, icmp6_ifstats, "icmp6",0 },
#ifdef IPSEC
{ -1, N_IPSEC6STAT, 1, 0,
ipsec_stats, NULL, "ipsec6",0 },
#endif
#ifdef notyet
{ -1, N_PIM6STAT, 1, 0,
pim6_stats, NULL, "pim6", 0 },
#endif
{ -1, -1, 1, 0,
rip6_stats, NULL, "rip6", 0 },
{ -1, -1, 1, 0,
bdg_stats, NULL, "bdg", 1 /* bridging... */ },
{ -1, -1, 0, 0,
0, NULL, 0, 0 }
};
#endif /*INET6*/
#ifdef IPSEC
struct protox pfkeyprotox[] = {
{ -1, N_PFKEYSTAT, 1, 0,
pfkey_stats, NULL, "pfkey", 0 },
{ -1, -1, 0, 0,
0, NULL, 0, 0 }
};
#endif
struct protox atalkprotox[] = {
{ N_DDPCB, N_DDPSTAT, 1, atalkprotopr,
ddp_stats, NULL, "ddp" },
{ -1, -1, 0, 0,
0, NULL, 0 }
};
struct protox netgraphprotox[] = {
{ N_NGSOCKS, -1, 1, netgraphprotopr,
NULL, NULL, "ctrl" },
{ N_NGSOCKS, -1, 1, netgraphprotopr,
NULL, NULL, "data" },
{ -1, NULL, 0, 0,
0, NULL, 0 }
};
struct protox ipxprotox[] = {
{ N_IPX, N_IPXSTAT, 1, ipxprotopr,
ipx_stats, NULL, "ipx", 0 },
{ N_IPX, N_SPXSTAT, 1, ipxprotopr,
spx_stats, NULL, "spx", 0 },
{ -1, -1, 0, 0,
0, NULL, 0, 0 }
};
#ifdef NS
struct protox nsprotox[] = {
{ N_IDP, N_IDPSTAT, 1, nsprotopr,
idp_stats, NULL, "idp" },
{ N_IDP, N_SPPSTAT, 1, nsprotopr,
spp_stats, NULL, "spp" },
{ -1, N_NSERR, 1, 0,
nserr_stats, NULL, "ns_err" },
{ -1, -1, 0, 0,
0, NULL, 0 }
};
#endif
#ifdef ISO
struct protox isoprotox[] = {
{ ISO_TP, N_TPSTAT, 1, iso_protopr,
tp_stats, NULL, "tp" },
{ N_CLTP, N_CLTPSTAT, 1, iso_protopr,
cltp_stats, NULL, "cltp" },
{ -1, N_CLNPSTAT, 1, 0,
clnp_stats, NULL, "clnp"},
{ -1, N_ESISSTAT, 1, 0,
esis_stats, NULL, "esis"},
{ -1, -1, 0, 0,
0, NULL, 0 }
};
#endif
struct protox *protoprotox[] = {
protox,
#ifdef INET6
ip6protox,
#endif
#ifdef IPSEC
pfkeyprotox,
#endif
ipxprotox, atalkprotox,
#ifdef NS
nsprotox,
#endif
#ifdef ISO
isoprotox,
#endif
NULL };
static void printproto (struct protox *, char *);
static void usage (void);
static struct protox *name2protox (char *);
static struct protox *knownname (char *);
static kvm_t *kvmd;
static char *nlistf = NULL, *memf = NULL;
int Aflag; /* show addresses of protocol control block */
int aflag; /* show all sockets (including servers) */
int bflag; /* show i/f total bytes in/out */
int dflag; /* show i/f dropped packets */
int gflag; /* show group (multicast) routing or stats */
int iflag; /* show interfaces */
int lflag; /* show routing table with use and ref */
int Lflag; /* show size of listen queues */
int mflag; /* show memory stats */
int numeric_addr; /* show addresses numerically */
int numeric_port; /* show ports numerically */
static int pflag; /* show given protocol */
int rflag; /* show routing tables (or routing stats) */
int sflag; /* show protocol statistics */
int tflag; /* show i/f watchdog timers */
int Wflag; /* wide display */
int interval; /* repeat interval for i/f stats */
char *interface; /* desired i/f for stats, or NULL for all i/fs */
int unit; /* unit number for above */
int af; /* address family */
int
main(argc, argv)
int argc;
char *argv[];
{
register struct protox *tp = NULL; /* for printing cblocks & stats */
int ch;
af = AF_UNSPEC;
while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "Aabdf:gI:iLlM:mN:np:rSstuWw:")) != -1)
switch(ch) {
case 'A':
Aflag = 1;
break;
case 'a':
aflag = 1;
break;
case 'b':
bflag = 1;
break;
case 'd':
dflag = 1;
break;
case 'f':
#ifdef NS
if (strcmp(optarg, "ns") == 0)
af = AF_NS;
else
#endif
if (strcmp(optarg, "ipx") == 0)
af = AF_IPX;
else if (strcmp(optarg, "inet") == 0)
af = AF_INET;
#ifdef INET6
else if (strcmp(optarg, "inet6") == 0)
af = AF_INET6;
#endif /*INET6*/
#ifdef INET6
else if (strcmp(optarg, "pfkey") == 0)
af = PF_KEY;
#endif /*INET6*/
else if (strcmp(optarg, "unix") == 0)
af = AF_UNIX;
else if (strcmp(optarg, "atalk") == 0)
af = AF_APPLETALK;
else if (strcmp(optarg, "ng") == 0
|| strcmp(optarg, "netgraph") == 0)
af = AF_NETGRAPH;
#ifdef ISO
else if (strcmp(optarg, "iso") == 0)
af = AF_ISO;
#endif
else {
errx(1, "%s: unknown address family", optarg);
}
break;
case 'g':
gflag = 1;
break;
case 'I': {
char *cp;
iflag = 1;
for (cp = interface = optarg; isalpha(*cp); cp++)
continue;
unit = atoi(cp);
break;
}
case 'i':
iflag = 1;
break;
case 'l':
lflag = 1;
break;
case 'L':
Lflag = 1;
break;
case 'M':
memf = optarg;
break;
case 'm':
mflag = 1;
break;
case 'N':
nlistf = optarg;
break;
case 'n':
numeric_addr = numeric_port = 1;
break;
case 'p':
if ((tp = name2protox(optarg)) == NULL) {
errx(1,
"%s: unknown or uninstrumented protocol",
optarg);
}
pflag = 1;
break;
case 'r':
rflag = 1;
break;
case 's':
++sflag;
break;
case 'S':
numeric_addr = 1;
break;
case 't':
tflag = 1;
break;
case 'u':
af = AF_UNIX;
break;
case 'W':
Wflag = 1;
break;
case 'w':
interval = atoi(optarg);
iflag = 1;
break;
case '?':
default:
usage();
}
argv += optind;
argc -= optind;
#define BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY
#ifdef BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY
if (*argv) {
if (isdigit(**argv)) {
interval = atoi(*argv);
if (interval <= 0)
usage();
++argv;
iflag = 1;
}
if (*argv) {
nlistf = *argv;
if (*++argv)
memf = *argv;
}
}
#endif
/*
* Discard setgid privileges if not the running kernel so that bad
* guys can't print interesting stuff from kernel memory.
*/
if (nlistf != NULL || memf != NULL)
setgid(getgid());
if (mflag) {
if (memf != NULL) {
if (kread(0, 0, 0) == 0)
mbpr(nl[N_MBSTAT].n_value,
nl[N_MBTYPES].n_value,
nl[N_NMBCLUSTERS].n_value,
nl[N_NMBUFS].n_value,
nl[N_MBLIM].n_value,
nl[N_CLLIM].n_value,
nl[N_NCPUS].n_value,
nl[N_PAGESZ].n_value,
nl[N_MBPSTAT].n_value);
} else
mbpr(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
exit(0);
}
#if 0
/*
* Keep file descriptors open to avoid overhead
* of open/close on each call to get* routines.
*/
sethostent(1);
setnetent(1);
#else
/*
* This does not make sense any more with DNS being default over
* the files. Doing a setXXXXent(1) causes a tcp connection to be
* used for the queries, which is slower.
*/
#endif
if (iflag && !sflag) {
kread(0, 0, 0);
intpr(interval, nl[N_IFNET].n_value, NULL);
exit(0);
}
if (rflag) {
kread(0, 0, 0);
if (sflag)
rt_stats(nl[N_RTSTAT].n_value);
else
routepr(nl[N_RTREE].n_value);
exit(0);
}
if (gflag) {
kread(0, 0, 0);
if (sflag) {
if (af == AF_INET || af == AF_UNSPEC)
mrt_stats(nl[N_MRTSTAT].n_value);
#ifdef INET6
if (af == AF_INET6 || af == AF_UNSPEC)
mrt6_stats(nl[N_MRT6STAT].n_value);
#endif
} else {
if (af == AF_INET || af == AF_UNSPEC)
mroutepr(nl[N_MFCTABLE].n_value,
nl[N_VIFTABLE].n_value);
#ifdef INET6
if (af == AF_INET6 || af == AF_UNSPEC)
mroute6pr(nl[N_MF6CTABLE].n_value,
nl[N_MIF6TABLE].n_value);
#endif
}
exit(0);
}
kread(0, 0, 0);
if (tp) {
printproto(tp, tp->pr_name);
exit(0);
}
if (af == AF_INET || af == AF_UNSPEC)
for (tp = protox; tp->pr_name; tp++)
printproto(tp, tp->pr_name);
#ifdef INET6
if (af == AF_INET6 || af == AF_UNSPEC)
for (tp = ip6protox; tp->pr_name; tp++)
printproto(tp, tp->pr_name);
#endif /*INET6*/
#ifdef IPSEC
if (af == PF_KEY || af == AF_UNSPEC)
for (tp = pfkeyprotox; tp->pr_name; tp++)
printproto(tp, tp->pr_name);
#endif /*IPSEC*/
if (af == AF_IPX || af == AF_UNSPEC) {
kread(0, 0, 0);
for (tp = ipxprotox; tp->pr_name; tp++)
printproto(tp, tp->pr_name);
}
if (af == AF_APPLETALK || af == AF_UNSPEC)
for (tp = atalkprotox; tp->pr_name; tp++)
printproto(tp, tp->pr_name);
if (af == AF_NETGRAPH || af == AF_UNSPEC)
for (tp = netgraphprotox; tp->pr_name; tp++)
printproto(tp, tp->pr_name);
#ifdef NS
if (af == AF_NS || af == AF_UNSPEC)
for (tp = nsprotox; tp->pr_name; tp++)
printproto(tp, tp->pr_name);
#endif
#ifdef ISO
if (af == AF_ISO || af == AF_UNSPEC)
for (tp = isoprotox; tp->pr_name; tp++)
printproto(tp, tp->pr_name);
#endif
if ((af == AF_UNIX || af == AF_UNSPEC) && !Lflag && !sflag)
unixpr();
exit(0);
}
/*
* Print out protocol statistics or control blocks (per sflag).
* If the interface was not specifically requested, and the symbol
* is not in the namelist, ignore this one.
*/
static void
printproto(tp, name)
register struct protox *tp;
char *name;
{
void (*pr)(u_long, char *, int);
u_long off;
if (sflag) {
if (iflag) {
if (tp->pr_istats)
intpr(interval, nl[N_IFNET].n_value,
tp->pr_istats);
else if (pflag)
printf("%s: no per-interface stats routine\n",
tp->pr_name);
return;
}
else {
pr = tp->pr_stats;
if (!pr) {
if (pflag)
printf("%s: no stats routine\n",
tp->pr_name);
return;
}
off = tp->pr_usesysctl ? tp->pr_usesysctl
: nl[tp->pr_sindex].n_value;
}
} else {
pr = tp->pr_cblocks;
if (!pr) {
if (pflag)
printf("%s: no PCB routine\n", tp->pr_name);
return;
}
off = tp->pr_usesysctl ? tp->pr_usesysctl
: nl[tp->pr_index].n_value;
}
if (pr != NULL && (off || af != AF_UNSPEC))
(*pr)(off, name, af);
}
/*
* Read kernel memory, return 0 on success.
*/
int
kread(u_long addr, char *buf, int size)
{
if (kvmd == 0) {
/*
* XXX.
*/
kvmd = kvm_openfiles(nlistf, memf, NULL, O_RDONLY, buf);
if (kvmd != NULL) {
if (kvm_nlist(kvmd, nl) < 0) {
if(nlistf)
errx(1, "%s: kvm_nlist: %s", nlistf,
kvm_geterr(kvmd));
else
errx(1, "kvm_nlist: %s", kvm_geterr(kvmd));
}
if (nl[0].n_type == 0) {
if(nlistf)
errx(1, "%s: no namelist", nlistf);
else
errx(1, "no namelist");
}
} else {
warnx("kvm not available");
return(-1);
}
}
if (!buf)
return (0);
if (kvm_read(kvmd, addr, buf, size) != size) {
warnx("%s", kvm_geterr(kvmd));
return (-1);
}
return (0);
}
char *
plural(int n)
{
return (n != 1 ? "s" : "");
}
char *
plurales(int n)
{
return (n != 1 ? "es" : "");
}
/*
* Find the protox for the given "well-known" name.
*/
static struct protox *
knownname(char *name)
{
struct protox **tpp, *tp;
for (tpp = protoprotox; *tpp; tpp++)
for (tp = *tpp; tp->pr_name; tp++)
if (strcmp(tp->pr_name, name) == 0)
return (tp);
return (NULL);
}
/*
* Find the protox corresponding to name.
*/
static struct protox *
name2protox(char *name)
{
struct protox *tp;
char **alias; /* alias from p->aliases */
struct protoent *p;
/*
* Try to find the name in the list of "well-known" names. If that
* fails, check if name is an alias for an Internet protocol.
*/
if ((tp = knownname(name)) != NULL)
return (tp);
setprotoent(1); /* make protocol lookup cheaper */
while ((p = getprotoent()) != NULL) {
/* assert: name not same as p->name */
for (alias = p->p_aliases; *alias; alias++)
if (strcmp(name, *alias) == 0) {
endprotoent();
return (knownname(p->p_name));
}
}
endprotoent();
return (NULL);
}
static void
usage(void)
{
(void)fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n",
"usage: netstat [-AaLlnW] [-f address_family] [-M core] [-N system]",
" netstat [-abdgilnrsS] [-f address_family] [-M core] [-N system]",
" netstat [-bdn] [-I interface] [-M core] [-N system] [-w wait]",
" netstat -m [-M core] [-N system]",
" netstat [-M core] [-N system] [-p protocol]");
exit(1);
}
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