604 lines
15 KiB
Groff
604 lines
15 KiB
Groff
.\"-
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.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
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.\" the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)date.1 8.3 (Berkeley) 4/28/95
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.\"
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.Dd May 19, 2023
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.Dt DATE 1
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm date
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.Nd display or set date and time
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.\" Display time.
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.Nm
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.Op Fl nRu
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.Op Fl z Ar output_zone
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.Op Fl I Ns Op Ar FMT
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.Op Fl r Ar filename
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.Op Fl r Ar seconds
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.Oo
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.Sm off
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.Fl v
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.Op Cm + | -
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.Ar val Op Cm y | m | w | d | H | M | S
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.Sm on
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.Oc
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.Op Cm + Ns Ar output_fmt
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.\" Set time with the default input format.
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.Nm
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.Op Fl jnRu
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.Op Fl z Ar output_zone
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.Op Fl I Ns Op Ar FMT
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.Oo
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.Sm off
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.Fl v
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.Op Cm + | -
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.Ar val Op Cm y | m | w | d | H | M | S
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.Sm on
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.Oc
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.Sm off
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.Oo Oo Oo Oo Oo
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.Ar cc Oc
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.Ar yy Oc
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.Ar mm Oc
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.Ar dd Oc
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.Ar HH
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.Oc Ar MM Op Cm \&. Ar SS
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.Sm on
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.Op Cm + Ns Ar output_fmt
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.\" Set time with the user-provided input format.
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.Nm
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.Op Fl jnRu
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.Op Fl z Ar output_zone
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.Op Fl I Ns Op Ar FMT
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.Oo
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.Sm off
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.Fl v
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.Op Cm + | -
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.Ar val Op Cm y | m | w | d | H | M | S
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.Sm on
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.Oc
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.Fl f Ar input_fmt
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.Ar new_date
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.Op Cm + Ns Ar output_fmt
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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When invoked without arguments, the
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.Nm
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utility displays the current date and time.
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Otherwise, depending on the options specified,
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.Nm
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will set the date and time or print it in a user-defined way.
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.Pp
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The
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.Nm
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utility displays the date and time read from the kernel clock.
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When used to set the date and time,
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both the kernel clock and the hardware clock are updated.
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.Pp
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Only the superuser may set the date,
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and if the system securelevel (see
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.Xr securelevel 7 )
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is greater than 1,
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the time may not be changed by more than 1 second.
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.Pp
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The options are as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width Ds
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.It Fl f Ar input_fmt
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Use
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.Ar input_fmt
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as the format string to parse the
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.Ar new_date
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provided rather than using the default
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.Sm off
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.Oo Oo Oo Oo Oo
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.Ar cc Oc
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.Ar yy Oc
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.Ar mm Oc
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.Ar dd Oc
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.Ar HH
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.Oc Ar MM Op Cm \&. Ar SS
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.Sm on
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format.
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Parsing is done using
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.Xr strptime 3 .
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.It Fl I Ns Op Ar FMT
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Use
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.St -iso8601
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output format.
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.Ar FMT
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may be omitted, in which case the default is
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.Cm date .
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Valid
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.Ar FMT
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values are
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.Cm date ,
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.Cm hours ,
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.Cm minutes ,
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and
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.Cm seconds .
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The date and time is formatted to the specified precision.
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When
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.Ar FMT
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is
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.Cm hours
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(or the more precise
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.Cm minutes
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or
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.Cm seconds ) ,
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the
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.St -iso8601
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format includes the timezone.
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.It Fl j
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Do not try to set the date.
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This allows you to use the
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.Fl f
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flag in addition to the
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.Cm +
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option to convert one date format to another.
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Note that any date or time components unspecified by the
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.Fl f
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format string take their values from the current time.
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.It Fl n
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Obsolete flag, accepted and ignored for compatibility.
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.It Fl R
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Use RFC 2822 date and time output format.
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This is equivalent to using
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.Dq Li %a, %d %b %Y \&%T %z
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as
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.Ar output_fmt
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while
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.Ev LC_TIME
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is set to the
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.Dq C
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locale .
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.It Fl r Ar seconds
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Print the date and time represented by
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.Ar seconds ,
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where
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.Ar seconds
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is the number of seconds since the Epoch
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(00:00:00 UTC, January 1, 1970;
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see
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.Xr time 3 ) ,
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and can be specified in decimal, octal, or hex.
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.It Fl r Ar filename
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Print the date and time of the last modification of
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.Ar filename .
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.It Fl u
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Display or set the date in
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.Tn UTC
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(Coordinated Universal) time.
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By default
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.Nm
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displays the time in the time zone described by
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.Pa /etc/localtime
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or the
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.Ev TZ
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environment variable.
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.It Fl z Ar output_zone
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Just before printing the time, change to the specified timezone;
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see the description of
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.Ev TZ
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below.
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This can be used with
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.Fl j
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to easily convert time specifications from one zone to another.
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.It Xo
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.Fl v
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.Sm off
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.Op Cm + | -
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.Ar val Op Cm y | m | w | d | H | M | S
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.Sm on
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.Xc
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Adjust (i.e., take the current date and display the result of the
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adjustment; not actually set the date) the second, minute, hour, month
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day, week day, month or year according to
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.Ar val .
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If
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.Ar val
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is preceded with a plus or minus sign,
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the date is adjusted forwards or backwards according to the remaining string,
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otherwise the relevant part of the date is set.
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The date can be adjusted as many times as required using these flags.
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Flags are processed in the order given.
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.Pp
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When setting values
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(rather than adjusting them),
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seconds are in the range 0-59, minutes are in the range 0-59, hours are
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in the range 0-23, month days are in the range 1-31, week days are in the
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range 0-6 (Sun-Sat),
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months are in the range 1-12 (Jan-Dec)
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and years are in a limited range depending on the platform.
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.Pp
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On i386, years are in the range 69-38 representing 1969-2038.
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On every other platform, years 0-68 are accepted and represent 2000-2068, and
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69-99 are accepted and represent 1969-1999.
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In both cases, years between 100 and 1900 (both included) are accepted and
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interpreted as relative to 1900 of the Gregorian calendar with a limit of 138 on
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i386 and a much higher limit on every other platform.
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Years starting at 1901 are also accepted, and are interpreted as absolute years.
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.Pp
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If
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.Ar val
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is numeric, one of either
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.Cm y ,
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.Cm m ,
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.Cm w ,
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.Cm d ,
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.Cm H ,
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.Cm M
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or
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.Cm S
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must be used to specify which part of the date is to be adjusted.
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.Pp
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The week day or month may be specified using a name rather than a
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number.
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If a name is used with the plus
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(or minus)
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sign, the date will be put forwards
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(or backwards)
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to the next
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(previous)
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date that matches the given week day or month.
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This will not adjust the date,
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if the given week day or month is the same as the current one.
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.Pp
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When a date is adjusted to a specific value or in units greater than hours,
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daylight savings time considerations are ignored.
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Adjustments in units of hours or less honor daylight saving time.
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So, assuming the current date is March 26, 0:30 and that the DST adjustment
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means that the clock goes forward at 01:00 to 02:00, using
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.Fl v No +1H
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will adjust the date to March 26, 2:30.
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Likewise, if the date is October 29, 0:30 and the DST adjustment means that
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the clock goes back at 02:00 to 01:00, using
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.Fl v No +3H
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will be necessary to reach October 29, 2:30.
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.Pp
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When the date is adjusted to a specific value that does not actually exist
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(for example March 26, 1:30 BST 2000 in the Europe/London timezone),
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the date will be silently adjusted forwards in units of one hour until it
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reaches a valid time.
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When the date is adjusted to a specific value that occurs twice
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(for example October 29, 1:30 2000),
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the resulting timezone will be set so that the date matches the earlier of
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the two times.
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.Pp
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It is not possible to adjust a date to an invalid absolute day, so using
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the switches
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.Fl v No 31d Fl v No 12m
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will simply fail five months of the year.
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It is therefore usual to set the month before setting the day; using
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.Fl v No 12m Fl v No 31d
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always works.
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.Pp
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Adjusting the date by months is inherently ambiguous because
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a month is a unit of variable length depending on the current date.
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This kind of date adjustment is applied in the most intuitive way.
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First of all,
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.Nm
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tries to preserve the day of the month.
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If it is impossible because the target month is shorter than the present one,
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the last day of the target month will be the result.
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For example, using
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.Fl v No +1m
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on May 31 will adjust the date to June 30, while using the same option
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on January 30 will result in the date adjusted to the last day of February.
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This approach is also believed to make the most sense for shell scripting.
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Nevertheless, be aware that going forth and back by the same number of
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months may take you to a different date.
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.Pp
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Refer to the examples below for further details.
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.El
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.Pp
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An operand with a leading plus
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.Pq Sq +
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sign signals a user-defined format string
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which specifies the format in which to display the date and time.
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The format string may contain any of the conversion specifications
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described in the
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.Xr strftime 3
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manual page, as well as any arbitrary text.
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A newline
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.Pq Ql \en
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character is always output after the characters specified by
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the format string.
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The format string for the default display is
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.Dq +%+ .
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.Pp
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If an operand does not have a leading plus sign, it is interpreted as
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a value for setting the system's notion of the current date and time.
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The canonical representation for setting the date and time is:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width Ds -compact -offset indent
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.It Ar cc
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Century
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(either 19 or 20)
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prepended to the abbreviated year.
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.It Ar yy
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Year in abbreviated form
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(e.g., 89 for 1989, 06 for 2006).
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.It Ar mm
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Numeric month, a number from 1 to 12.
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.It Ar dd
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Day, a number from 1 to 31.
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.It Ar HH
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Hour, a number from 0 to 23.
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.It Ar MM
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Minutes, a number from 0 to 59.
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.It Ar SS
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Seconds, a number from 0 to 60
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(59 plus a potential leap second).
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.El
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.Pp
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Everything but the minutes is optional.
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.Pp
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.Nm
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understands the time zone definitions from the IANA Time Zone Database,
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.Sy tzdata ,
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located in
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.Pa /usr/share/zoneinfo .
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Time changes for Daylight Saving Time, standard time, leap seconds
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and leap years are handled automatically.
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.Pp
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There are two ways to specify the time zone:
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.Pp
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If the file or symlink
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.Pa /etc/localtime
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exists, it is interpreted as a time zone definition file, usually in
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the directory hierarchy
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.Pa /usr/share/zoneinfo ,
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which contains the time zone definitions from
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.Sy tzdata .
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.Pp
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If the environment variable
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.Ev TZ
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is set, its value is interpreted as the name of a time zone definition
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file, either an absolute path or a relative path to a time zone
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definition in
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.Pa /usr/share/zoneinfo .
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The
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.Ev TZ
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variable overrides
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.Pa /etc/localtime .
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.Pp
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If the time zone definition file is invalid,
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.Nm
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silently reverts to UTC.
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.Pp
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Previous versions of
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.Nm
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included the
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.Fl d
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(set daylight saving time flag) and
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.Fl t
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(set negative time zone offset) options, but these details are now
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handled automatically by
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.Sy tzdata .
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Modern offsets are positive for time zones ahead of UTC and negative
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for time zones behind UTC, but like the obsolete
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.Fl t
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option, the
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.Sy tzdata
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files in the subdirectory
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.Pa /usr/share/zoneinfo/Etc
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still use an older convention where times ahead of UTC are considered
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negative.
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.Sh ENVIRONMENT
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The following environment variable affects the execution of
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.Nm :
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.Bl -tag -width Ds
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.It Ev TZ
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The timezone to use when displaying dates.
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The normal format is a pathname relative to
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.Pa /usr/share/zoneinfo .
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For example, the command
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.Dq TZ=America/Los_Angeles date
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displays the current time in California.
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The variable can also specify an absolute path.
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See
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.Xr environ 7
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for more information.
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.El
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width /var/log/messages -compact
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.It Pa /etc/localtime
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Time zone information file for default system time zone.
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May be omitted, in which case the default time zone is UTC.
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.It Pa /usr/share/zoneinfo
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Directory containing time zone information files.
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.It Pa /var/log/messages
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Record of the user setting the time.
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.It Pa /var/log/utx.log
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Record of date resets and time changes.
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.El
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.Sh EXIT STATUS
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The
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.Nm
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utility exits 0 on success, 1 if unable to set the date, and 2
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if able to set the local date, but unable to set it globally.
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.Sh EXAMPLES
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The command:
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.Pp
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.Dl "date ""+DATE: %Y-%m-%d%nTIME: %H:%M:%S"""
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.Pp
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will display:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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DATE: 1987-11-21
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TIME: 13:36:16
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.Ed
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.Pp
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In the Europe/London timezone, the command:
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.Pp
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.Dl "date -v1m -v+1y"
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.Pp
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will display:
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.Pp
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.Dl "Sun Jan 4 04:15:24 GMT 1998"
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.Pp
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where it is currently
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.Li "Mon Aug 4 04:15:24 BST 1997" .
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.Pp
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The command:
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.Pp
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.Dl "date -v1d -v3m -v0y -v-1d"
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.Pp
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will display the last day of February in the year 2000:
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.Pp
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.Dl "Tue Feb 29 03:18:00 GMT 2000"
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.Pp
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|
So will the command:
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.Pp
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.Dl "date -v3m -v30d -v0y -v-1m"
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.Pp
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because there is no such date as the 30th of February.
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.Pp
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The command:
|
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.Pp
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.Dl "date -v1d -v+1m -v-1d -v-fri"
|
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.Pp
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|
will display the last Friday of the month:
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.Pp
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.Dl "Fri Aug 29 04:31:11 BST 1997"
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.Pp
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|
where it is currently
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.Li "Mon Aug 4 04:31:11 BST 1997" .
|
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.Pp
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|
The command:
|
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.Pp
|
|
.Dl "date 8506131627"
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.Pp
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sets the date to
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.Dq Li "June 13, 1985, 4:27 PM" .
|
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.Pp
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.Dl "date ""+%Y%m%d%H%M.%S"""
|
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.Pp
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may be used on one machine to print out the date
|
|
suitable for setting on another.
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|
.Qq ( Li "+%m%d%H%M%Y.%S"
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|
for use on
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.Tn Linux . )
|
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.Pp
|
|
The command:
|
|
.Pp
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|
.Dl "date 1432"
|
|
.Pp
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|
sets the time to
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.Li "2:32 PM" ,
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without modifying the date.
|
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.Pp
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|
The command
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.Pp
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|
.Dl "TZ=America/Los_Angeles date -Iseconds -r 1533415339"
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.Pp
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|
will display
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.Pp
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.Dl "2018-08-04T13:42:19-07:00"
|
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.Pp
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|
The command:
|
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.Pp
|
|
.Dl "env LC_ALL=C date -j -f ""%a %b %d %T %Z %Y"" ""`env LC_ALL=C date`"" ""+%s"""
|
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.Pp
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|
can be used to parse the output from
|
|
.Nm
|
|
and express it in Epoch time.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Finally the command
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl "TZ=America/Los_Angeles date -z Europe/Paris -j 0900"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
will print the time in the "Europe/Paris" timezone when it is 9:00 in The
|
|
America/Los_Angeles timezone.
|
|
.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
|
|
It is invalid to combine the
|
|
.Fl I
|
|
flag with either
|
|
.Fl R
|
|
or an output format
|
|
.Dq ( + Ns ... )
|
|
operand.
|
|
If this occurs,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
prints:
|
|
.Ql multiple output formats specified
|
|
and exits with status 1.
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr locale 1 ,
|
|
.Xr gettimeofday 2 ,
|
|
.Xr getutxent 3 ,
|
|
.Xr strftime 3 ,
|
|
.Xr strptime 3 ,
|
|
.Xr tzset 3 ,
|
|
.Xr adjkerntz 8 ,
|
|
.Xr ntpd 8 ,
|
|
.Xr tzsetup 8
|
|
.Rs
|
|
.%T "TSP: The Time Synchronization Protocol for UNIX 4.3BSD"
|
|
.%A R. Gusella
|
|
.%A S. Zatti
|
|
.Re
|
|
.Rs
|
|
.%U https://iana.org/time-zones
|
|
.%T Time Zone Database
|
|
.Re
|
|
.Sh STANDARDS
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
utility is expected to be compatible with
|
|
.St -p1003.2 .
|
|
With the exception of the
|
|
.Fl u
|
|
option, all options are extensions to the standard.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The format selected by the
|
|
.Fl I
|
|
flag is compatible with
|
|
.St -iso8601 .
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
A
|
|
.Nm
|
|
command appeared in
|
|
.At v1 .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
A number of options were added and then removed again, including the
|
|
.Fl d
|
|
(set DST flag) and
|
|
.Fl t
|
|
(set negative time zone offset).
|
|
Time zones are now handled by code bundled with
|
|
.Sy tzdata .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl I
|
|
flag was added in
|
|
.Fx 12.0 .
|