d0b8716702
1. Bring floppies.sgml section in-line into install.sgml, where it makes more sense. 2. Slightly reorganize some sections of Installation section and do some wordsmithing. 3. Update distribution layout to reflect RELNOTESng and new compat distributions. 4. Update upgrade file list from 4-STABLE. 5. It's been a long time since 2.2.X; get rid of instructions dealing with "new" handling of compatability slices and fix up other references in the text. 6. Hunt down and kill emoticons with extreme prejudice. Try to tone down the use of exclamation points. 7. Cross-reference new and improved Installation chapter in Handbook. 8. Add a proper abstract for this document.
155 lines
6.9 KiB
Plaintext
155 lines
6.9 KiB
Plaintext
<!--
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$FreeBSD$
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This section contains the contents of the old LAYOUT.TXT file.
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-->
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<sect1 id="layout">
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<title>Distribution Format</title>
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<para>A typical &os; distribution directory looks something like this:</para>
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<screen>ERRATA.HTM README.TXT compat1x dict manpages
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ERRATA.TXT RELNOTES.HTM compat20 doc packages
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HARDWARE.HTM RELNOTES.TXT compat21 docbook.css ports
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HARDWARE.TXT XF86336 compat22 floppies proflibs
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INSTALL.HTM bin compat3x games src
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INSTALL.TXT catpages compat4x info tools
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README.HTM cdrom.inf crypto kernel</screen>
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<para>If you want to do a CDROM, FTP or NFS installation from this
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distribution directory, all you need to do is make the 1.44MB boot
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floppies from the floppies directory (see
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<xref linkend="floppies"> for instructions on how to
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do this), boot them and follow the instructions. The rest of the
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data needed during the installation will be obtained automatically
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based on your selections. If you've never installed &os; before,
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you also want to read the entirety of this document (the
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installation instructions) file.</para>
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<para>If you're trying to do some other type of installation or are
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merely curious about how a distribution is organized, what follows
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is a more thorough description of each item in more detail:
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<orderedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>The <filename>*.TXT</filename> and
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<filename>*.HTM</filename> files contain
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documentation (for example, this document is contained in both
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<filename>INSTALL.TXT</filename> and
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<filename>INSTALL.HTM</filename>) and should be read
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before starting an installation. The
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<filename>*.TXT</filename> files are plain text, while the
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<filename>*.HTM</filename> files are HTML files that can be
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read by almost any Web browser. Some distributions may
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contain documentation in other formats as well, such as PDF or
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PostScript.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><filename>docbook.css</filename> is a Cascading Style
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Sheet (CSS) file used by some Web browsers for formatting the
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HTML documentation.
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>The <filename>XF86336</filename> directory contains the
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XFree86 project's 3.3.6 release and consists of a series of
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gzip'd tar files which contain each component of the XFree86
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distribution.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>The <filename>bin</filename>,
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<filename>catpages</filename>,
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<filename>crypto</filename>,
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<filename>dict</filename>,
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<filename>doc</filename>,
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<filename>games</filename>,
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<filename>info</filename>,
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<filename>manpages</filename>,
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<filename>proflibs</filename>, and
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<filename>src</filename> directories contain the primary distribution
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components of &os; itself and are split into smaller files
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for easy packing onto floppies (should that be
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necessary).</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>The <filename>compat1x</filename>,
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<filename>compat20</filename>,
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<filename>compat21</filename>,
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<filename>compat22</filename>,
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<filename>compat3x</filename>, and
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<filename>compat4x</filename>
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directories contain distributions for compatibility with older
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releases and are distributed as single gzip'd tar files - they
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can be installed during release time or later by running their
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<filename>install.sh</filename> scripts.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>The <filename>floppies/</filename> subdirectory contains the floppy
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installation images; further information on using them can be
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found in <xref linkend="floppies">.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>The <filename>packages</filename> and <filename>ports</filename> directories contain the &os;
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Packages and Ports Collections. Packages may be installed from
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the packages directory by running the command:</para>
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<screen>&prompt.root;<userinput>/stand/sysinstall configPackages</userinput></screen>
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<para>Packages can also be installed by feeding individual
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filenames in <filename>packages</filename>/ to the &man.pkg.add.1; command.</para>
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<para>The Ports Collection may be installed like any other
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distribution and requires about 100MB unpacked. More
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information on the ports collection may be obtained from
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<ulink url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/">http://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/</ulink> or locally from
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<filename>/usr/share/doc/handbook</filename> if you've installed the <filename>doc</filename>
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distribution.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Last of all, the <filename>tools</filename> directory contains various DOS
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tools for discovering disk geometries, installing boot managers
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and the like. It is purely optional and provided only for user
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convenience.</para>
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</listitem>
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</orderedlist>
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</para>
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<para>A typical distribution directory (for example, the <filename>info</filename> distribution) looks like this internally:</para>
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<screen>CHECKSUM.MD5 info.ab info.ad info.inf install.sh
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info.aa info.ac info.ae info.mtree</screen>
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<para>The <filename>CHECKSUM.MD5</filename> file contains MD5 signatures for each file,
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should data corruption be suspected, and is purely for reference. It
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is not used by the actual installation and does not need to be
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copied with the rest of the distribution files. The <filename>info.a*</filename> files
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are split, gzip'd tar files, the contents of which can be viewed by
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doing:</para>
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<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cat info.a* | tar tvzf -</userinput></screen>
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<para>During installation, they are automatically concatenated and
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extracted by the installation procedure.</para>
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<para>The <filename>info.inf</filename> file is also necessary since it is read by the
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installation program in order to figure out how many pieces to look
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for when fetching and concatenating the distribution. When putting
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distributions onto floppies, the <filename>.inf</filename> file <emphasis>must</emphasis> occupy the first
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floppy of each distribution set!</para>
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<para>The <filename>info.mtree</filename> file is another non-essential file which is
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provided for user reference. It contains the MD5 signatures of the
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<emphasis>unpacked</emphasis> distribution files and can be later
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used with the &man.mtree.8; program to verify the installation
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permissions and checksums against any possible modifications to the
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file. When used with the <filename>bin</filename> distribution,
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this can be an excellent way of detecting trojan horse attacks on
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your system.</para>
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<para>Finally, the <filename>install.sh</filename> file is for use
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by those who want to install the distribution after installation
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time. To install the info distribution from CDROM after a system
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was installed, for example, you'd do:</para>
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<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>cd /cdrom/info</userinput>
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&prompt.root; <userinput>sh install.sh</userinput></screen>
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</sect1>
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