684 lines
20 KiB
Groff
684 lines
20 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1990, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)systat.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/30/93
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd July 15, 2013
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.Dt SYSTAT 1
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm systat
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.Nd display system statistics
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl display
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.Op Ar display-commands
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.Op Ar refresh-interval
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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utility displays various system statistics in a screen oriented fashion
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using the curses screen display library,
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.Xr ncurses 3 .
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.Pp
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While
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.Nm
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is running the screen is usually divided into two windows (an exception
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is the vmstat display which uses the entire screen).
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The
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upper window depicts the current system load average.
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The
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information displayed in the lower window may vary, depending on
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user commands.
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The last line on the screen is reserved for user
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input and error messages.
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.Pp
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By default
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.Nm
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displays the processes getting the largest percentage of the processor
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in the lower window.
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Other displays show swap space usage, disk
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.Tn I/O
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statistics (a la
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.Xr iostat 8 ) ,
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virtual memory statistics (a la
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.Xr vmstat 8 ) ,
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.Tn TCP/IP
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statistics,
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and network connections (a la
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.Xr netstat 1 ) .
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.Pp
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Input is interpreted at two different levels.
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A ``global'' command interpreter processes all keyboard input.
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If this command interpreter fails to recognize a command, the
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input line is passed to a per-display command interpreter.
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This
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allows each display to have certain display-specific commands.
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.Pp
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Command line options:
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.Bl -tag -width "refresh_interval"
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.It Fl Ns Ar display
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The
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.Fl
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flag expects
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.Ar display
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to be one of:
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.Ic icmp ,
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.Ic icmp6 ,
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.Ic ifstat ,
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.Ic iostat ,
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.Ic ip ,
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.Ic ip6 ,
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.Ic netstat ,
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.Ic pigs ,
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.Ic sctp ,
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.Ic swap ,
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.Ic tcp ,
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.Ic vmstat ,
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or
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.Ic zarc ,
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These displays can also be requested interactively (without the
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.Dq Fl )
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and are described in
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full detail below.
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.It Ar refresh-interval
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The
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.Ar refresh-value
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specifies the screen refresh time interval in seconds.
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Time interval can be fractional.
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.It Ar display-commands
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A list of commands specific for this display. These commands can also
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be entered interactively and are described for each display separately
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below. If the command of the display requires an argument or arguments,
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it is possible to specify them as separate command line argument. To finish
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display commands it is possible to use double dash at the end
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of the list. For example:
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.Pp
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.Dl Nm Fl ifstat Fl match Ar bge0,em1 Fl pps
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.Pp
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This will display statistics of packets per second for network interfaces
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named as bge0 and em1.
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.Pp
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.Dl Nm Fl iostat Fl numeric Fl - Ar 2.1
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.Pp
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This will display all IO statistics in a numeric format and the information
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will be refreshed each 2.1 seconds.
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.El
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.Pp
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Certain characters cause immediate action by
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.Nm .
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These are
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.Bl -tag -width Fl
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.It Ic \&^L
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Refresh the screen.
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.It Ic \&^G
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Print the name of the current ``display'' being shown in
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the lower window and the refresh interval.
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.It Ic \&:
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Move the cursor to the command line and interpret the input
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line typed as a command.
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While entering a command the
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current character erase, word erase, and line kill characters
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may be used.
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.El
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.Pp
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The following commands are interpreted by the ``global''
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command interpreter.
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.Bl -tag -width Fl
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.It Ic help
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Print the names of the available displays on the command line.
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.It Ic load
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Print the load average over the past 1, 5, and 15 minutes
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on the command line.
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.It Ic stop
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Stop refreshing the screen.
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.It Xo
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.Op Ic start
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.Op Ar number
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.Xc
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Start (continue) refreshing the screen.
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If a second, numeric,
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argument is provided it is interpreted as a refresh interval
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(in seconds).
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Supplying only a number will set the refresh interval to this
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value.
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.It Ic quit
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Exit
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.Nm .
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(This may be abbreviated to
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.Ic q . )
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.El
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.Pp
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The available displays are:
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.Bl -tag -width Ic
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.It Ic pigs
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Display, in the lower window, those processes resident in main
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memory and getting the
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largest portion of the processor (the default display).
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When less than 100% of the
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processor is scheduled to user processes, the remaining time
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is accounted to the ``idle'' process.
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.It Ic icmp
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Display, in the lower window, statistics about messages received and
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transmitted by the Internet Control Message Protocol
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.Pq Dq Tn ICMP .
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The left half of the screen displays information about received
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packets, and the right half displays information regarding transmitted
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packets.
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.Pp
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The
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.Ic icmp
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display understands two commands:
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.Ic mode
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and
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.Ic reset .
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The
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.Ic mode
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command is used to select one of four display modes, given as its argument:
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.Bl -tag -width absoluteXX -compact
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.It Ic rate :
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show the rate of change of each value in packets (the default)
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per second
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.It Ic delta :
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show the rate of change of each value in packets per refresh interval
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.It Ic since :
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show the total change of each value since the display was last reset
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.It Ic absolute :
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show the absolute value of each statistic
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.El
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.Pp
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The
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.Ic reset
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command resets the baseline for
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.Ic since
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mode.
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The
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.Ic mode
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command with no argument will display the current mode in the command
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line.
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.It Ic icmp6
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This display is like the
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.Ic icmp
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display,
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but displays statistics for IPv6 ICMP.
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.It Ic ip
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Otherwise identical to the
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.Ic icmp
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display, except that it displays
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.Tn IP
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and
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.Tn UDP
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statistics.
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.It Ic ip6
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Like the
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.Ic ip
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display,
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except that it displays
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.Tn IPv6
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statistics.
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It does not display
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.Tn UDP statistics.
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.It Ic sctp
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Like
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.Ic icmp ,
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but with
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.Tn SCTP
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statistics.
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.It Ic tcp
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Like
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.Ic icmp ,
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but with
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.Tn TCP
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statistics.
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.It Ic iostat
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Display, in the lower window, statistics about processor use
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and disk throughput.
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Statistics on processor use appear as
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bar graphs of the amount of time executing in user mode (``user''),
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in user mode running low priority processes (``nice''), in
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system mode (``system''), in interrupt mode (``interrupt''),
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and idle (``idle'').
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Statistics
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on disk throughput show, for each drive, megabytes per second,
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average number of disk transactions per second, and
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average kilobytes of data per transaction.
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This information may be
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displayed as bar graphs or as rows of numbers which scroll downward.
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Bar
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graphs are shown by default.
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.Pp
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The following commands are specific to the
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.Ic iostat
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display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
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.It Cm numbers
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Show the disk
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.Tn I/O
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statistics in numeric form.
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Values are
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displayed in numeric columns which scroll downward.
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.It Cm bars
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Show the disk
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.Tn I/O
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statistics in bar graph form (default).
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.It Cm kbpt
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Toggle the display of kilobytes per transaction.
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(the default is to
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not display kilobytes per transaction).
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.El
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.It Ic swap
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Show information about swap space usage on all the
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swap areas compiled into the kernel.
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The first column is the device name of the partition.
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The next column is the total space available in the partition.
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The
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.Ar Used
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column indicates the total blocks used so far;
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the graph shows the percentage of space in use on each partition.
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If there are more than one swap partition in use,
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a total line is also shown.
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Areas known to the kernel, but not in use are shown as not available.
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.It Ic vmstat
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Take over the entire display and show a (rather crowded) compendium
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of statistics related to virtual memory usage, process scheduling,
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device interrupts, system name translation caching, disk
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.Tn I/O
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etc.
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.Pp
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The upper left quadrant of the screen shows the number
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of users logged in and the load average over the last one, five,
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and fifteen minute intervals.
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Below this line are statistics on memory utilization.
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The first row of the table reports memory usage only among
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active processes, that is processes that have run in the previous
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twenty seconds.
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The second row reports on memory usage of all processes.
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The first column reports on the number of kilobytes in physical pages
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claimed by processes.
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The second column reports the number of kilobytes in physical pages that
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are devoted to read only text pages.
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The third and fourth columns report the same two figures for
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virtual pages, that is the number of kilobytes in pages that would be
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needed if all processes had all of their pages.
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Finally the last column shows the number of kilobytes in physical pages
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on the free list.
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.Pp
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Below the memory display is a list of the
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average number of processes (over the last refresh interval)
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that are runnable (`r'), in page wait (`p'),
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in disk wait other than paging (`d'),
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sleeping (`s'), and swapped out but desiring to run (`w').
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The row also shows the average number of context switches
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(`Csw'), traps (`Trp'; includes page faults), system calls (`Sys'),
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interrupts (`Int'), network software interrupts (`Sof'), and page
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faults (`Flt').
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.Pp
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Below the process queue length listing is a numerical listing and
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a bar graph showing the amount of
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system (shown as `='), interrupt (shown as `+'), user (shown as `>'),
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nice (shown as `-'), and idle time (shown as ` ').
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.Pp
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Below the process display are statistics on name translations.
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It lists the number of names translated in the previous interval,
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the number and percentage of the translations that were
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handled by the system wide name translation cache, and
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the number and percentage of the translations that were
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handled by the per process name translation cache.
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.Pp
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To the right of the name translations display are lines showing
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the number of dirty buffers in the buffer cache (`dtbuf'),
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desired maximum size of vnode cache (`desvn'),
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number of vnodes actually allocated (`numvn'),
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and
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number of allocated vnodes that are free (`frevn').
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.Pp
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At the bottom left is the disk usage display.
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It reports the number of
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kilobytes per transaction, transactions per second, megabytes
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per second and the percentage of the time the disk was busy averaged
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over the refresh period of the display (by default, five seconds).
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The system keeps statistics on most every storage device.
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In general, up
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to seven devices are displayed.
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The devices displayed by default are the
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first devices in the kernel's device list.
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See
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.Xr devstat 3
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and
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.Xr devstat 9
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for details on the devstat system.
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.Pp
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Under the date in the upper right hand quadrant are statistics
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on paging and swapping activity.
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The first two columns report the average number of pages
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brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval
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due to page faults and the paging daemon.
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The third and fourth columns report the average number of pages
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brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval
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due to swap requests initiated by the scheduler.
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The first row of the display shows the average
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number of disk transfers per second over the last refresh interval;
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the second row of the display shows the average
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number of pages transferred per second over the last refresh interval.
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.Pp
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Below the paging statistics is a column of lines regarding the virtual
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memory system.
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The first few lines describe,
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in units (except as noted below)
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of pages per second averaged over the sampling interval,
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pages copied on write (`cow'),
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pages zero filled on demand (`zfod'),
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pages optimally zero filled on demand (`ozfod'),
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the ratio of the (average) ozfod / zfod as a percentage (`%ozfod'),
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pages freed by the page daemon (`daefr'),
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pages freed by exiting processes (`prcfr'),
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total pages freed (`totfr'),
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pages reactivated from the free list (`react'),
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the average number of
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times per second that the page daemon was awakened (`pdwak'),
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pages analyzed by the page daemon (`pdpgs'),
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and
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in-transit blocking page faults (`intrn').
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Note that the units are special for `%ozfod' and `pdwak'.
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The next few lines describe,
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as amounts of memory in kilobytes,
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pages wired down (`wire'),
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active pages (`act'),
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inactive pages (`inact'),
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pages on the cache queue (`cache'),
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and
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free pages (`free').
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Note that the values displayed are the current transient ones;
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they are not averages.
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.Pp
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At the bottom of this column is a line showing the
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amount of virtual memory, in kilobytes, mapped into the buffer cache (`buf').
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This statistic is not useful.
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It exists only as a placeholder for the corresponding useful statistic
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(the amount of real memory used to cache disks).
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The most important component of the latter (the amount of real memory
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used by the vm system to cache disks) is not available,
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but can be guessed from the `inact' amount under some system loads.
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.Pp
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Running down the right hand side of the display is a breakdown
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of the interrupts being handled by the system.
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At the top of the list is the total interrupts per second
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over the time interval.
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The rest of the column breaks down the total on a device
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by device basis.
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Only devices that have interrupted at least once since boot time are shown.
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.Pp
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The following commands are specific to the
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.Ic vmstat
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display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
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.It Cm boot
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Display cumulative statistics since the system was booted.
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.It Cm run
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Display statistics as a running total from the point this
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command is given.
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.It Cm time
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Display statistics averaged over the refresh interval (the default).
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.It Cm zero
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Reset running statistics to zero.
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.El
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.It Ic zarc
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display arc cache usage and hit/miss statistics.
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.It Ic netstat
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Display, in the lower window, network connections.
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By default,
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network servers awaiting requests are not displayed.
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Each address
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is displayed in the format ``host.port'', with each shown symbolically,
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when possible.
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It is possible to have addresses displayed numerically,
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limit the display to a set of ports, hosts, and/or protocols
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(the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied):
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
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.It Cm all
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Toggle the displaying of server processes awaiting requests (this
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is the equivalent of the
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.Fl a
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flag to
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.Xr netstat 1 ) .
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.It Cm numbers
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Display network addresses numerically.
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.It Cm names
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Display network addresses symbolically.
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.It Cm proto Ar protocol
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Display only network connections using the indicated
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.Ar protocol .
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Supported protocols are ``tcp'', ``udp'', and ``all''.
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.It Cm ignore Op Ar items
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Do not display information about connections associated with
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the specified hosts or ports.
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Hosts and ports may be specified
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by name (``vangogh'', ``ftp''), or numerically.
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Host addresses
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use the Internet dot notation (``128.32.0.9'').
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Multiple items
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may be specified with a single command by separating them with
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spaces.
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.It Cm display Op Ar items
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Display information about the connections associated with the
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specified hosts or ports.
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As for
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.Ar ignore ,
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.Op Ar items
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may be names or numbers.
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.It Cm show Op Ar ports\&|hosts
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Show, on the command line, the currently selected protocols,
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hosts, and ports.
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Hosts and ports which are being ignored
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are prefixed with a `!'.
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If
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.Ar ports
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or
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.Ar hosts
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is supplied as an argument to
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.Cm show ,
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then only the requested information will be displayed.
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.It Cm reset
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Reset the port, host, and protocol matching mechanisms to the default
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(any protocol, port, or host).
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.El
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.It Ic ifstat
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Display the network traffic going through active interfaces on the
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system.
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Idle interfaces will not be displayed until they receive some
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traffic.
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.Pp
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For each interface being displayed, the current, peak and total
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statistics are displayed for incoming and outgoing traffic.
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By default,
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the
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.Ic ifstat
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|
display will automatically scale the units being used so that they are
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in a human-readable format.
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The scaling units used for the current and
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peak
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traffic columns can be altered by the
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.Ic scale
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command.
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.Bl -tag -width ".Cm scale Op Ar units"
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.It Cm scale Op Ar units
|
|
Modify the scale used to display the current and peak traffic over all
|
|
interfaces.
|
|
The following units are recognised: kbit, kbyte, mbit,
|
|
mbyte, gbit, gbyte and auto.
|
|
.It Cm pps
|
|
Show statistics in packets per second instead of bytes/bits per second.
|
|
A subsequent call of
|
|
.Ic pps
|
|
switches this mode off.
|
|
.It Cm match Op Ar patterns
|
|
Display only interfaces that match pattern provided as an argument.
|
|
Patterns should be in shell syntax separated by whitespaces or commas.
|
|
If this command is called without arguments then all interfaces are displayed.
|
|
For example:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl match em0, bge1
|
|
.Pp
|
|
This will display em0 and bge1 interfaces.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl match em*, bge*, lo0
|
|
.Pp
|
|
This will display all
|
|
.Ic em
|
|
interfaces, all
|
|
.Ic bge
|
|
interfaces and the loopback interface.
|
|
.El
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Commands to switch between displays may be abbreviated to the
|
|
minimum unambiguous prefix; for example, ``io'' for ``iostat''.
|
|
Certain information may be discarded when the screen size is
|
|
insufficient for display.
|
|
For example, on a machine with 10
|
|
drives the
|
|
.Ic iostat
|
|
bar graph displays only 3 drives on a 24 line terminal.
|
|
When
|
|
a bar graph would overflow the allotted screen space it is
|
|
truncated and the actual value is printed ``over top'' of the bar.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following commands are common to each display which shows
|
|
information about disk drives.
|
|
These commands are used to
|
|
select a set of drives to report on, should your system have
|
|
more drives configured than can normally be displayed on the
|
|
screen.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
|
|
.It Cm ignore Op Ar drives
|
|
Do not display information about the drives indicated.
|
|
Multiple
|
|
drives may be specified, separated by spaces.
|
|
.It Cm display Op Ar drives
|
|
Display information about the drives indicated.
|
|
Multiple drives
|
|
may be specified, separated by spaces.
|
|
.It Cm only Op Ar drives
|
|
Display only the specified drives.
|
|
Multiple drives may be specified,
|
|
separated by spaces.
|
|
.It Cm drives
|
|
Display a list of available devices.
|
|
.It Cm match Xo
|
|
.Ar type , Ns Ar if , Ns Ar pass
|
|
.Op | Ar ...
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Display devices matching the given pattern.
|
|
The basic matching
|
|
expressions are the same as those used in
|
|
.Xr iostat 8
|
|
with one difference.
|
|
Instead of specifying multiple
|
|
.Fl t
|
|
arguments which are then ORed together, the user instead specifies multiple
|
|
matching expressions joined by the pipe
|
|
.Pq Ql \&|
|
|
character.
|
|
The comma
|
|
separated arguments within each matching expression are ANDed together, and
|
|
then the pipe separated matching expressions are ORed together.
|
|
Any
|
|
device matching the combined expression will be displayed, if there is room
|
|
to display it.
|
|
For example:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl match da,scsi | cd,ide
|
|
.Pp
|
|
This will display all SCSI Direct Access devices and all IDE CDROM devices.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl match da | sa | cd,pass
|
|
.Pp
|
|
This will display all Direct Access devices, all Sequential Access devices,
|
|
and all passthrough devices that provide access to CDROM drives.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh FILES
|
|
.Bl -tag -width /boot/kernel/kernel -compact
|
|
.It Pa /boot/kernel/kernel
|
|
For the namelist.
|
|
.It Pa /dev/kmem
|
|
For information in main memory.
|
|
.It Pa /etc/hosts
|
|
For host names.
|
|
.It Pa /etc/networks
|
|
For network names.
|
|
.It Pa /etc/services
|
|
For port names.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr netstat 1 ,
|
|
.Xr kvm 3 ,
|
|
.Xr icmp 4 ,
|
|
.Xr icmp6 4 ,
|
|
.Xr ip 4 ,
|
|
.Xr ip6 4 ,
|
|
.Xr tcp 4 ,
|
|
.Xr udp 4 ,
|
|
.Xr gstat 8 ,
|
|
.Xr iostat 8 ,
|
|
.Xr vmstat 8
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
program appeared in
|
|
.Bx 4.3 .
|
|
The
|
|
.Ic icmp ,
|
|
.Ic ip ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Ic tcp
|
|
displays appeared in
|
|
.Fx 3.0 ;
|
|
the notion of having different display modes for the
|
|
.Tn ICMP ,
|
|
.Tn IP ,
|
|
.Tn TCP ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Tn UDP
|
|
statistics was stolen from the
|
|
.Fl C
|
|
option to
|
|
.Xr netstat 1
|
|
in Silicon Graphics'
|
|
.Tn IRIX
|
|
system.
|
|
.Sh BUGS
|
|
Certain displays presume a minimum of 80 characters per line.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ic vmstat
|
|
display looks out of place because it is (it was added in as
|
|
a separate display rather than created as a new program).
|