509 lines
14 KiB
Groff
509 lines
14 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)ps.1 8.3 (Berkeley) 4/18/94
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.\" $Id: ps.1,v 1.18 1998/06/04 06:46:13 jkoshy Exp $
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.\"
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.Dd April 18, 1994
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.Dt PS 1
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.Os BSD 4
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm ps
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.Nd process status
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm ps
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.Op Fl aCcefhjlmrSTuvwx
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.Op Fl M Ar core
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.Op Fl N Ar system
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.Op Fl O Ar fmt
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.Op Fl o Ar fmt
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.Op Fl p Ar pid
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.Op Fl t Ar tty
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.Op Fl U Ar username
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.Op Fl W Ar swap
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.Nm ps
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.Op Fl L
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Nm Ps
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displays a header line followed by lines containing information about your
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processes that have controlling terminals.
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This information is sorted by controlling terminal, then by process
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.Tn ID .
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.Pp
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The information displayed is selected based on a set of keywords (see the
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.Fl L
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.Fl O
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and
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.Fl o
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options).
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The default output format includes, for each process, the process'
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.Tn ID ,
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controlling terminal, cpu time (including both user and system time),
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state, and associated command.
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.Pp
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The process file system (see
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.Xr procfs 5
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\&) should be mounted when
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.Nm
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is executed, otherwise not all information will be available.
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.Pp
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The options are as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fl a
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Display information about other users' processes as well as your own.
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.It Fl c
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Change the ``command'' column output to just contain the executable name,
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rather than the full command line.
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.It Fl C
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Change the way the cpu percentage is calculated by using a ``raw''
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cpu calculation that ignores ``resident'' time (this normally has
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no effect).
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.It Fl e
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Display the environment as well.
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.It Fl f
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Show commandline and environment information about swapped out processes.
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This option is honored only if the uid of the user is 0.
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.It Fl h
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Repeat the information header as often as necessary to guarantee one
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header per page of information.
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.It Fl j
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Print information associated with the following keywords:
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user, pid, ppid, pgid, sess, jobc, state, tt, time and command.
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.It Fl L
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List the set of available keywords.
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.It Fl l
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Display information associated with the following keywords:
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uid, pid, ppid, cpu, pri, nice, vsz, rss, wchan, state, tt, time
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and command.
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.It Fl M
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Extract values associated with the name list from the specified core
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instead of the default
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.Pa /dev/kmem .
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.It Fl m
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Sort by memory usage, instead of by process
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.Tn ID .
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.It Fl N
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Extract the name list from the specified system instead of the default
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.Pa /kernel .
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.It Fl O
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Add the information associated with the space or comma separated list
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of keywords specified, after the process
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.Tn ID ,
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in the default information
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display.
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Keywords may be appended with an equals (``='') sign and a string.
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This causes the printed header to use the specified string instead of
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the standard header.
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.It Fl o
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Display information associated with the space or comma separated list
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of keywords specified.
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Keywords may be appended with an equals (``='') sign and a string.
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This causes the printed header to use the specified string instead of
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the standard header.
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.It Fl p
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Display information associated with the specified process
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.Tn ID .
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.It Fl r
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Sort by current cpu usage, instead of by process
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.Tn ID .
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.It Fl S
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Change the way the process time is calculated by summing all exited
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children to their parent process.
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.It Fl T
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Display information about processes attached to the device associated
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with the standard input.
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.It Fl t
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Display information about processes attached to the specified terminal
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device.
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.It Fl U
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Display the processes belonging to the specified
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.Tn username .
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.It Fl u
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Display information associated with the following keywords:
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user, pid, %cpu, %mem, vsz, rss, tt, state, start, time and command.
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The
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.Fl u
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option implies the
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.Fl r
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option.
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.It Fl v
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Display information associated with the following keywords:
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pid, state, time, sl, re, pagein, vsz, rss, lim, tsiz,
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%cpu, %mem and command.
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The
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.Fl v
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option implies the
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.Fl m
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option.
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.It Fl W
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Extract swap information from the specified file instead of the
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default
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.Pa /dev/drum .
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.It Fl w
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Use 132 columns to display information, instead of the default which
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is your window size.
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If the
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.Fl w
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option is specified more than once,
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.Nm
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will use as many columns as necessary without regard for your window size.
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.It Fl x
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Display information about processes without controlling terminals.
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.El
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.Pp
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A complete list of the available keywords are listed below.
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Some of these keywords are further specified as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It %cpu
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The cpu utilization of the process; this is a decaying average over up to
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a minute of previous (real) time.
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Since the time base over which this is computed varies (since processes may
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be very young) it is possible for the sum of all
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.Tn \&%CPU
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fields to exceed 100%.
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.It %mem
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The percentage of real memory used by this process.
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.It flags
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The flags associated with the process as in
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the include file
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.Aq Pa sys/proc.h :
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.Bl -column P_NOCLDSTOP P_NOCLDSTOP
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.It Dv "P_ADVLOCK" Ta No "0x00001 Process may hold a POSIX advisory lock"
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.It Dv "P_CONTROLT" Ta No "0x00002 Has a controlling terminal"
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.It Dv "P_INMEM" Ta No "0x00004 Loaded into memory"
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.It Dv "P_NOCLDSTOP" Ta No "0x00008 No SIGCHLD when children stop"
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.It Dv "P_PPWAIT" Ta No "0x00010 Parent is waiting for child to exec/exit"
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.It Dv "P_PROFIL" Ta No "0x00020 Has started profiling"
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.It Dv "P_SELECT" Ta No "0x00040 Selecting; wakeup/waiting danger"
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.It Dv "P_SINTR" Ta No "0x00080 Sleep is interruptible"
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.It Dv "P_SUGID" Ta No "0x00100 Had set id privileges since last exec"
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.It Dv "P_SYSTEM" Ta No "0x00200 System proc: no sigs, stats or swapping"
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.It Dv "P_TIMEOUT" Ta No "0x00400 Timing out during sleep"
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.It Dv "P_TRACED" Ta No "0x00800 Debugged process being traced"
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.It Dv "P_WAITED" Ta No "0x01000 Debugging process has waited for child"
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.It Dv "P_WEXIT" Ta No "0x02000 Working on exiting"
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.It Dv "P_EXEC" Ta No "0x04000 Process called exec"
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.It Dv "P_NOSWAP" Ta No "0x08000 Another flag to prevent swap out"
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.It Dv "P_PHYSIO" Ta No "0x10000 Doing physical I/O"
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.It Dv "P_OWEUPC" Ta No "0x20000 Owe process an addupc() call at next ast"
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.It Dv "P_SWAPPING" Ta No "0x40000 Process is being swapped"
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.El
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.It lim
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The soft limit on memory used, specified via a call to
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.Xr setrlimit 2 .
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.It lstart
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The exact time the command started, using the ``%c'' format described in
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.Xr strftime 3 .
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.It nice
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The process scheduling increment (see
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.Xr setpriority 2 ) .
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.It rss
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the real memory (resident set) size of the process (in 1024 byte units).
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.It start
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The time the command started.
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If the command started less than 24 hours ago, the start time is
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displayed using the ``%l:ps.1p'' format described in
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.Xr strftime 3 .
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If the command started less than 7 days ago, the start time is
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displayed using the ``%a6.15p'' format.
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Otherwise, the start time is displayed using the ``%e%b%y'' format.
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.It state
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The state is given by a sequence of letters, for example,
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.Dq Tn RWNA .
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The first letter indicates the run state of the process:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
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.It D
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Marks a process in disk (or other short term, uninterruptible) wait.
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.It I
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Marks a process that is idle (sleeping for longer than about 20 seconds).
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.It R
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Marks a runnable process.
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.It S
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Marks a process that is sleeping for less than about 20 seconds.
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.It T
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Marks a stopped process.
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.It Z
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Marks a dead process (a ``zombie'').
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.El
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.Pp
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Additional characters after these, if any, indicate additional state
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information:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width indent -compact
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.It +
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The process is in the foreground process group of its control terminal.
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.It <
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The process has raised
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.Tn CPU
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scheduling priority.
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.It >
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The process has specified a soft limit on memory requirements and is
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currently exceeding that limit; such a process is (necessarily) not
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swapped.
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.It A
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the process has asked for random page replacement
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.Pf ( Dv VA_ANOM ,
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from
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.Xr vadvise 2 ,
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for example,
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.Xr lisp 1
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in a garbage collect).
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.It E
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The process is trying to exit.
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.It L
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The process has pages locked in core (for example, for raw
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.Tn I/O ) .
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.It N
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The process has reduced
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.Tn CPU
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scheduling priority (see
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.Xr setpriority 2 ) .
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.It S
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The process has asked for
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.Tn FIFO
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page replacement
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.Pf ( Dv VA_SEQL ,
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from
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.Xr vadvise 2 ,
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for example, a large image processing program using virtual memory to
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sequentially address voluminous data).
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.It s
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The process is a session leader.
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.It V
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The process is suspended during a
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.Xr vfork .
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.It W
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The process is swapped out.
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.It X
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The process is being traced or debugged.
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.El
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.It tt
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An abbreviation for the pathname of the controlling terminal, if any.
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The abbreviation consists of the three letters following
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.Pa /dev/tty ,
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or, for the console, ``con''.
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This is followed by a ``-'' if the process can no longer reach that
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controlling terminal (i.e., it has been revoked).
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.It wchan
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The event (an address in the system) on which a process waits.
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When printed numerically, the initial part of the address is
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trimmed off and the result is printed in hex, for example, 0x80324000 prints
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as 324000.
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.El
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.Pp
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When printing using the command keyword, a process that has exited and
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has a parent that has not yet waited for the process (in other words, a zombie)
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is listed as ``<defunct>'', and a process which is blocked while trying
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to exit is listed as ``<exiting>''.
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.Nm Ps
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makes an educated guess as to the file name and arguments given when the
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process was created by examining memory or the swap area.
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The method is inherently somewhat unreliable and in any event a process
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is entitled to destroy this information, so the names cannot be depended
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on too much.
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The ucomm (accounting) keyword can, however, be depended on.
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.Sh KEYWORDS
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The following is a complete list of the available keywords and their
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meanings.
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Several of them have aliases (keywords which are synonyms).
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width sigignore -compact
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.It %cpu
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percentage cpu usage (alias pcpu)
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.It %mem
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percentage memory usage (alias pmem)
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.It acflag
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accounting flag (alias acflg)
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.It command
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command and arguments
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.It cpu
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short-term cpu usage factor (for scheduling)
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.It flags
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the process flags, in hexadecimal (alias f)
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.It inblk
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total blocks read (alias inblock)
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.It jobc
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job control count
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.It ktrace
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tracing flags
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.It ktracep
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tracing vnode
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.It lim
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memoryuse limit
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.It logname
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login name of user who started the process
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.It lstart
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time started
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.It majflt
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total page faults
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.It minflt
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total page reclaims
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.It msgrcv
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total messages received (reads from pipes/sockets)
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.It msgsnd
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total messages sent (writes on pipes/sockets)
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.It nice
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nice value (alias ni)
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.It nivcsw
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total involuntary context switches
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.It nsigs
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total signals taken (alias nsignals)
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.It nswap
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total swaps in/out
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.It nvcsw
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total voluntary context switches
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.It nwchan
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wait channel (as an address)
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.It oublk
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total blocks written (alias oublock)
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.It p_ru
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resource usage (valid only for zombie)
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.It paddr
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swap address
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.It pagein
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pageins (same as majflt)
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.It pgid
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process group number
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.It pid
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process
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.Tn ID
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.It poip
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pageouts in progress
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.It ppid
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parent process
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.Tn ID
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.It pri
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scheduling priority
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.It re
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core residency time (in seconds; 127 = infinity)
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.It rgid
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real group
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.Tn ID
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.It rlink
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reverse link on run queue, or 0
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.It rss
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resident set size
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.It rsz
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resident set size + (text size / text use count) (alias rssize)
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.It rtprio
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realtime priority (101 = not a realtime process)
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.It ruid
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real user
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.Tn ID
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.It ruser
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user name (from ruid)
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.It sess
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session pointer
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.It sig
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pending signals (alias pending)
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.It sigcatch
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caught signals (alias caught)
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.It sigignore
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ignored signals (alias ignored)
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.It sigmask
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blocked signals (alias blocked)
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.It sl
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sleep time (in seconds; 127 = infinity)
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.It start
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time started
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.It state
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symbolic process state (alias stat)
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.It svgid
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saved gid from a setgid executable
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.It svuid
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saved uid from a setuid executable
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.It tdev
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control terminal device number
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.It time
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accumulated cpu time, user + system (alias cputime)
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.It tpgid
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control terminal process group
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.Tn ID
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.\".It trss
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.\"text resident set size (in Kbytes)
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.It tsess
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control terminal session pointer
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.It tsiz
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text size (in Kbytes)
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.It tt
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control terminal name (two letter abbreviation)
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.It tty
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full name of control terminal
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.It uprocp
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process pointer
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.It ucomm
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name to be used for accounting
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.It uid
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effective user
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.Tn ID
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.It upr
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scheduling priority on return from system call (alias usrpri)
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.It user
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user name (from uid)
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.It vsz
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virtual size in Kbytes (alias vsize)
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.It wchan
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wait channel (as a symbolic name)
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.It xstat
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exit or stop status (valid only for stopped or zombie process)
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.El
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width /var/db/kvm_kernel.db -compact
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.It Pa /dev
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special files and device names
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.It Pa /dev/drum
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default swap device
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.It Pa /dev/kmem
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default kernel memory
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.It Pa /var/run/dev.db
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/dev name database
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.It Pa /var/db/kvm_kernel.db
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system namelist database
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.It Pa /kernel
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default system namelist
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.It Pa /proc
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the mount point of
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.Xr procfs 5
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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|
.Xr kill 1 ,
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.Xr w 1 ,
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.Xr kvm 3 ,
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.Xr strftime 3 ,
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.Xr procfs 5 ,
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.Xr pstat 8
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.Sh BUGS
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Since
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.Nm
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cannot run faster than the system and is run as any other scheduled
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process, the information it displays can never be exact.
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