9f8f3a8e9a
Based on a patch by ae@.
Reviewed by: gbe (man page), pauamma (man page)
Sponsored by: Rubicon Communications, LLC ("Netgate")
Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D37180
723 lines
16 KiB
Groff
723 lines
16 KiB
Groff
.\" $KAME: setkey.8,v 1.89 2003/09/07 22:17:41 itojun Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, and 1999 WIDE Project.
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. Neither the name of the project nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE PROJECT AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE PROJECT OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd October 19, 2022
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.Dt SETKEY 8
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.Os
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.\"
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm setkey
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.Nd "manually manipulate the IPsec SA/SP database"
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.\"
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl v
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.Fl c
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.Nm
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.Op Fl v
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.Fl f Ar filename
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.Nm
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.Op Fl Pgltv
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.Fl D
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.Nm
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.Op Fl Pv
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.Fl F
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.Nm
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.Op Fl h
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.Fl x
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.\"
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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utility adds, updates, dumps, or flushes
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Security Association Database (SAD) entries
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as well as Security Policy Database (SPD) entries in the kernel.
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.Pp
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The
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.Nm
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utility takes a series of operations from the standard input
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(if invoked with
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.Fl c )
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or the file named
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.Ar filename
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(if invoked with
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.Fl f Ar filename ) .
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fl D
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Dump the SAD entries.
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If with
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.Fl P ,
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the SPD entries are dumped.
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.It Fl F
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Flush the SAD entries.
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If with
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.Fl P ,
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the SPD entries are flushed.
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.It Fl g
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Only SPD entries with global scope are dumped with
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.Fl D
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and
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.Fl P
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flags.
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.It Fl t
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Only SPD entries with ifnet scope are dumped with
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.Fl D
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and
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.Fl P
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flags.
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Such SPD entries are linked to the corresponding
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.Xr if_ipsec 4
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virtual tunneling interface.
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.It Fl h
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Add hexadecimal dump on
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.Fl x
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mode.
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.It Fl l
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Loop forever with short output on
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.Fl D .
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.It Fl v
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Be verbose.
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The program will dump messages exchanged on
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.Dv PF_KEY
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socket, including messages sent from other processes to the kernel.
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.It Fl x
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Loop forever and dump all the messages transmitted to
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.Dv PF_KEY
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socket.
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.Fl xx
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makes each timestamp unformatted.
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.El
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.Ss Configuration syntax
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With
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.Fl c
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or
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.Fl f
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on the command line,
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.Nm
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accepts the following configuration syntax.
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Lines starting with hash signs
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.Pq Ql #
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are treated as comment lines.
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Xo
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.Li add
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.Op Fl 46n
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.Ar src Ar dst Ar protocol Ar spi
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.Op Ar extensions
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.Ar algorithm ...
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.Li \&;
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.Xc
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Add an SAD entry.
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.Li add
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can fail with multiple reasons,
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including when the key length does not match the specified algorithm.
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.\"
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.It Xo
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.Li get
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.Op Fl 46n
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.Ar src Ar dst Ar protocol Ar spi
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.Li \&;
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.Xc
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Show an SAD entry.
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.\"
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.It Xo
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.Li delete
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.Op Fl 46n
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.Ar src Ar dst Ar protocol Ar spi
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.Li \&;
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.Xc
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Remove an SAD entry.
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.\"
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.It Xo
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.Li deleteall
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.Op Fl 46n
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.Ar src Ar dst Ar protocol
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.Li \&;
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.Xc
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Remove all SAD entries that match the specification.
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.\"
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.It Xo
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.Li flush
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.Op Ar protocol
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.Li \&;
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.Xc
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Clear all SAD entries matched by the options.
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.Fl F
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on the command line achieves the same functionality.
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.\"
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.It Xo
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.Li dump
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.Op Ar protocol
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.Li \&;
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.Xc
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Dumps all SAD entries matched by the options.
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.Fl D
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on the command line achieves the same functionality.
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.\"
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.It Xo
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.Li spdadd
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.Op Fl 46n
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.Ar src_range Ar dst_range Ar upperspec Ar policy
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.Li \&;
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.Xc
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Add an SPD entry.
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.\"
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.It Xo
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.Li spddelete
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.Op Fl 46n
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.Ar src_range Ar dst_range Ar upperspec Fl P Ar direction
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.Li \&;
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.Xc
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Delete an SPD entry.
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.\"
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.It Xo
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.Li spdflush
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.Li \&;
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.Xc
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Clear all SPD entries.
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.Fl FP
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on the command line achieves the same functionality.
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.\"
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.It Xo
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.Li spddump
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.Li \&;
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.Xc
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Dumps all SPD entries.
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.Fl DP
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on the command line achieves the same functionality.
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.El
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.\"
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.Pp
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Meta-arguments are as follows:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -compact -width indent
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.It Ar src
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.It Ar dst
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Source/destination of the secure communication is specified as
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IPv4/v6 address.
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The
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.Nm
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utility
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can resolve a FQDN into numeric addresses.
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If the FQDN resolves into multiple addresses,
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.Nm
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will install multiple SAD/SPD entries into the kernel
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by trying all possible combinations.
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.Fl 4 ,
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.Fl 6
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and
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.Fl n
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restricts the address resolution of FQDN in certain ways.
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.Fl 4
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and
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.Fl 6
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restrict results into IPv4/v6 addresses only, respectively.
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.Fl n
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avoids FQDN resolution and requires addresses to be numeric addresses.
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.\"
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.Pp
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.It Ar protocol
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.Ar protocol
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is one of following:
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.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
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.It Li esp
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ESP based on rfc2406
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.It Li esp-old
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ESP based on rfc1827
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.It Li ah
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AH based on rfc2402
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.It Li ah-old
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AH based on rfc1826
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.It Li ipcomp
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IPComp
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.It Li tcp
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TCP-MD5 based on rfc2385
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.El
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.\"
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.Pp
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.It Ar spi
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Security Parameter Index
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(SPI)
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for the SAD and the SPD.
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.Ar spi
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must be a decimal number, or a hexadecimal number with
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.Ql 0x
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prefix.
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SPI values between 0 and 255 are reserved for future use by IANA
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and they cannot be used.
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.\"
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.Pp
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.It Ar extensions
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take some of the following:
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.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
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.\"
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.It Fl m Ar mode
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Specify a security protocol mode for use.
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.Ar mode
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is one of following:
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.Li transport , tunnel
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or
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.Li any .
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The default value is
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.Li any .
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.\"
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.It Fl r Ar size
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Specify the bitmap size in octets of the anti-replay window.
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.Ar size
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is a 32-bit unsigned integer, and its value is one eighth of the
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anti-replay window size in packets.
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If
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.Ar size
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is zero or not specified, an anti-replay check does not take place.
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.\"
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.It Fl u Ar id
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Specify the identifier of the policy entry in SPD.
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See
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.Ar policy .
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.\"
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.It Fl f Ar pad_option
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defines the content of the ESP padding.
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.Ar pad_option
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is one of following:
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.Bl -tag -width random-pad -compact
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.It Li zero-pad
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All of the padding are zero.
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.It Li random-pad
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A series of randomized values are set.
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.It Li seq-pad
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A series of sequential increasing numbers started from 1 are set.
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.El
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.\"
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.It Fl f Li nocyclic-seq
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|
Do not allow cyclic sequence number.
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.\"
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.It Fl lh Ar time
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.It Fl ls Ar time
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Specify hard/soft life time duration of the SA.
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.El
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.\"
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.Pp
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.It Ar algorithm
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.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
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|
.It Fl E Ar ealgo Ar key
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Specify an encryption or Authenticated Encryption with Associated Data
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(AEAD) algorithm
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.Ar ealgo
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for ESP.
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.It Xo
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|
.Fl E Ar ealgo Ar key
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|
.Fl A Ar aalgo Ar key
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.Xc
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|
Specify a encryption algorithm
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.Ar ealgo ,
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as well as a payload authentication algorithm
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.Ar aalgo ,
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for ESP.
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|
.It Fl A Ar aalgo Ar key
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Specify an authentication algorithm for AH.
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|
.It Fl C Ar calgo Op Fl R
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Specify a compression algorithm for IPComp.
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If
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.Fl R
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is specified, the
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.Ar spi
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field value will be used as the IPComp CPI
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(compression parameter index)
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on wire as is.
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If
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.Fl R
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is not specified,
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the kernel will use well-known CPI on wire, and
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.Ar spi
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field will be used only as an index for kernel internal usage.
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.El
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.Pp
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.Ar key
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must be double-quoted character string, or a series of hexadecimal digits
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preceded by
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.Ql 0x .
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.Pp
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Possible values for
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.Ar ealgo ,
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.Ar aalgo
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and
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.Ar calgo
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are specified in separate section.
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.\"
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.Pp
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.It Ar src_range
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|
.It Ar dst_range
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|
These are selections of the secure communication specified as
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IPv4/v6 address or IPv4/v6 address range, and it may accompany
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TCP/UDP port specification.
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|
This takes the following form:
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.Bd -unfilled
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.Ar address
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.Ar address/prefixlen
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.Ar address[port]
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.Ar address/prefixlen[port]
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.Ed
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.Pp
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.Ar prefixlen
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and
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.Ar port
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must be a decimal number.
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The square brackets around
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.Ar port
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are necessary and are not manpage metacharacters.
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For FQDN resolution, the rules applicable to
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.Ar src
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and
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.Ar dst
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apply here as well.
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.\"
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.Pp
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.It Ar upperspec
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The upper layer protocol to be used.
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You can use one of the words in
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.Pa /etc/protocols
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as
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.Ar upperspec ,
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as well as
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.Li icmp6 ,
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.Li ip4 ,
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or
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.Li any .
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|
The word
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.Li any
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stands for
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.Dq any protocol .
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|
The protocol number may also be used to specify the
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.Ar upperspec .
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|
A type and code related to ICMPv6 may also be specified as an
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.Ar upperspec .
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The type is specified first, followed by a comma and then the relevant
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code.
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The specification must be placed after
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.Li icmp6 .
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The kernel considers a zero to be a wildcard but
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cannot distinguish between a wildcard and an ICMPv6
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type which is zero.
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|
The following example shows a policy where IPSec is not required for
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inbound Neighbor Solicitations:
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.Pp
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.Dl "spdadd ::/0 ::/0 icmp6 135,0 -P in none;"
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|
.Pp
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|
NOTE:
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.Ar upperspec
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|
does not work in the forwarding case at this moment,
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|
as it requires extra reassembly at forwarding node,
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|
which is not implemented at this moment.
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Although there are many protocols in
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.Pa /etc/protocols ,
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protocols other than TCP, UDP and ICMP may not be suitable to use with IPsec.
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.\"
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.Pp
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.It Ar policy
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|
.Ar policy
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|
is expressed in one of the following three formats:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width 2n -compact
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|
.It Fl P Ar direction Li discard
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|
.It Fl P Ar direction Li none
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|
.It Xo Fl P Ar direction Li ipsec
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|
.Ar protocol/mode/src-dst/level Op ...
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|
.Xc
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.El
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|
.Pp
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|
The direction of a policy must be specified as
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|
one of:
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|
.Li out
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|
or
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|
.Li in .
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|
The direction is followed by one of the following policy levels:
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|
.Li discard ,
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|
.Li none ,
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|
or
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|
.Li ipsec .
|
|
The
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|
.Li discard
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|
policylevel means that packets matching the supplied indices will
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|
be discarded while
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|
.Li none
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|
means that IPsec operations will not take place on the packet and
|
|
.Li ipsec
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|
means that IPsec operation will take place onto the packet.
|
|
The
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|
.Ar protocol/mode/src-dst/level
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|
statement gives the rule for how to process the packet.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar protocol
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|
is specified as
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|
.Li ah ,
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|
.Li esp
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|
or
|
|
.Li ipcomp .
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar mode
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|
is either
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|
.Li transport
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|
or
|
|
.Li tunnel .
|
|
If
|
|
.Ar mode
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|
is
|
|
.Li tunnel ,
|
|
you must specify the end-point addresses of the SA as
|
|
.Ar src
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|
and
|
|
.Ar dst
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|
with a dash,
|
|
.Sq - ,
|
|
between the addresses.
|
|
If
|
|
.Ar mode
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|
is
|
|
.Li transport ,
|
|
both
|
|
.Ar src
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|
and
|
|
.Ar dst
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|
can be omitted.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar level
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|
is one of the following:
|
|
.Li default , use , require
|
|
or
|
|
.Li unique .
|
|
If the SA is not available in every level, the kernel will request
|
|
the SA from the key exchange daemon.
|
|
A value of
|
|
.Li default
|
|
tells the kernel to use the system wide default protocol
|
|
e.g.,\& the one from the
|
|
.Li esp_trans_deflev
|
|
sysctl variable, when the kernel processes the packet.
|
|
A value of
|
|
.Li use
|
|
means that the kernel will use an SA if it is available,
|
|
otherwise the kernel will pass the packet as it would normally.
|
|
A value of
|
|
.Li require
|
|
means that an SA is required whenever the kernel sends a packet matched
|
|
that matches the policy.
|
|
The
|
|
.Li unique
|
|
level is the same as
|
|
.Li require
|
|
but, in addition, it allows the policy to bind with the unique out-bound SA.
|
|
For example, if you specify the policy level
|
|
.Li unique ,
|
|
.Xr racoon 8 Pq Pa ports/security/ipsec-tools
|
|
will configure the SA for the policy.
|
|
If you configure the SA by manual keying for that policy,
|
|
you can put the decimal number as the policy identifier after
|
|
.Li unique
|
|
separated by colon
|
|
.Ql :\&
|
|
as in the following example:
|
|
.Li unique:number .
|
|
In order to bind this policy to the SA,
|
|
.Li number
|
|
must be between 1 and 32767,
|
|
which corresponds to
|
|
.Ar extensions Fl u
|
|
of manual SA configuration.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
When you want to use an SA bundle, you can define multiple rules.
|
|
For
|
|
example, if an IP header was followed by an AH header followed by an
|
|
ESP header followed by an upper layer protocol header, the rule would
|
|
be:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl esp/transport//require ah/transport//require ;
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The rule order is very important.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Note that
|
|
.Dq Li discard
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq Li none
|
|
are not in the syntax described in
|
|
.Xr ipsec_set_policy 3 .
|
|
There are small, but important, differences in the syntax.
|
|
See
|
|
.Xr ipsec_set_policy 3
|
|
for details.
|
|
.El
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Sh ALGORITHMS
|
|
The following lists show the supported algorithms.
|
|
.Ss Authentication Algorithms
|
|
The following authentication algorithms can be used as
|
|
.Ar aalgo
|
|
in the
|
|
.Fl A Ar aalgo
|
|
of the
|
|
.Ar protocol
|
|
parameter:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
algorithm keylen (bits) comment
|
|
hmac-sha1 160 ah/esp: rfc2404
|
|
160 ah-old/esp-old: 128bit ICV (no document)
|
|
null 0 to 2048 for debugging
|
|
hmac-sha2-256 256 ah/esp: 128bit ICV (RFC4868)
|
|
256 ah-old/esp-old: 128bit ICV (no document)
|
|
hmac-sha2-384 384 ah/esp: 192bit ICV (RFC4868)
|
|
384 ah-old/esp-old: 128bit ICV (no document)
|
|
hmac-sha2-512 512 ah/esp: 256bit ICV (RFC4868)
|
|
512 ah-old/esp-old: 128bit ICV (no document)
|
|
aes-xcbc-mac 128 ah/esp: 96bit ICV (RFC3566)
|
|
128 ah-old/esp-old: 128bit ICV (no document)
|
|
tcp-md5 8 to 640 tcp: rfc2385
|
|
chacha20-poly1305 256 ah/esp: 128bit ICV (RFC7634)
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Ss Encryption Algorithms
|
|
The following encryption algorithms can be used as the
|
|
.Ar ealgo
|
|
in the
|
|
.Fl E Ar ealgo
|
|
of the
|
|
.Ar protocol
|
|
parameter:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
algorithm keylen (bits) comment
|
|
null 0 to 2048 rfc2410
|
|
aes-cbc 128/192/256 rfc3602
|
|
aes-ctr 160/224/288 rfc3686
|
|
aes-gcm-16 160/224/288 AEAD; rfc4106
|
|
chacha20-poly1305 256 rfc7634
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Note that the first 128/192/256 bits of a key for
|
|
.Li aes-ctr
|
|
or
|
|
.Li aes-gcm-16
|
|
will be used as the AES key,
|
|
and the remaining 32 bits will be used as the nonce.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
AEAD encryption algorithms such as
|
|
.Li aes-gcm-16
|
|
include authentication and should not be
|
|
paired with a separate authentication algorithm via
|
|
.Fl A .
|
|
.Ss Compression Algorithms
|
|
The following compression algorithms can be used
|
|
as the
|
|
.Ar calgo
|
|
in the
|
|
.Fl C Ar calgo
|
|
of the
|
|
.Ar protocol
|
|
parameter:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
algorithm comment
|
|
deflate rfc2394
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Sh EXIT STATUS
|
|
.Ex -std
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Sh EXAMPLES
|
|
Add an ESP SA between two IPv6 addresses using the
|
|
AES-GCM AEAD algorithm.
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
add 3ffe:501:4819::1 3ffe:501:481d::1 esp 123457
|
|
-E aes-gcm-16 0x3ffe050148193ffe050148193ffe050148193ffe ;
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.\"
|
|
Add an authentication SA between two FQDN specified hosts:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
add -6 myhost.example.com yourhost.example.com ah 123456
|
|
-A hmac-sha2-256 "AH SA configuration!" ;
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Ed
|
|
Get the SA information associated with first example above:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
get 3ffe:501:4819::1 3ffe:501:481d::1 ah 123456 ;
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Ed
|
|
Flush all entries from the database:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
flush ;
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Ed
|
|
Dump the ESP entries from the database:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
dump esp ;
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Ed
|
|
Add a security policy between two networks that uses ESP in tunnel mode:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
spdadd 10.0.11.41/32[21] 10.0.11.33/32[any] any
|
|
-P out ipsec esp/tunnel/192.168.0.1-192.168.1.2/require ;
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Ed
|
|
Use TCP MD5 between two numerically specified hosts:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
add 10.1.10.34 10.1.10.36 tcp 0x1000 -A tcp-md5 "TCP-MD5 BGP secret" ;
|
|
add 10.1.10.36 10.1.10.34 tcp 0x1001 -A tcp-md5 "TCP-MD5 BGP secret" ;
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr ipsec_set_policy 3 ,
|
|
.Xr if_ipsec 4 ,
|
|
.Xr racoon 8 Pq Pa ports/security/ipsec-tools ,
|
|
.Xr sysctl 8
|
|
.Rs
|
|
.%T "Changed manual key configuration for IPsec"
|
|
.%U https://www.kame.net/newsletter/19991007/
|
|
.%D "October 1999"
|
|
.Re
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
utility first appeared in WIDE Hydrangea IPv6 protocol stack kit.
|
|
The utility was completely re-designed in June 1998.
|
|
It first appeared in
|
|
.Fx 4.0 .
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Sh BUGS
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
utility
|
|
should report and handle syntax errors better.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
For IPsec gateway configuration,
|
|
.Ar src_range
|
|
and
|
|
.Ar dst_range
|
|
with TCP/UDP port number do not work, as the gateway does not reassemble
|
|
packets
|
|
(cannot inspect upper-layer headers).
|