freebsd-dev/secure/usr.bin/bdes/bdes.ps
1994-08-07 18:17:39 +00:00

2946 lines
69 KiB
PostScript

%!
%%BoundingBox: (atend)
%%Pages: (atend)
%%DocumentFonts: (atend)
%%EndComments
%
% FrameMaker PostScript Prolog 2.0, for use with FrameMaker 2.0
% Copyright (c) 1986,87,89 by Frame Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.
%
% Known Problems:
% Due to bugs in Transcript, the 'PS-Adobe-' is omitted from line 1
/FMversion (2.0) def
% Set up Color vs. Black-and-White
/FMPrintInColor systemdict /colorimage known def
% Uncomment this line to force b&w on color printer
% /FMPrintInColor false def
/FrameDict 190 dict def
systemdict /errordict known not {/errordict 10 dict def
errordict /rangecheck {stop} put} if
% The readline in 23.0 doesn't recognize cr's as nl's on AppleTalk
FrameDict /tmprangecheck errordict /rangecheck get put
errordict /rangecheck {FrameDict /bug true put} put
FrameDict /bug false put
mark
% Some PS machines read past the CR, so keep the following 3 lines together!
currentfile 5 string readline
00
0000000000
cleartomark
errordict /rangecheck FrameDict /tmprangecheck get put
FrameDict /bug get {
/readline {
/gstring exch def
/gfile exch def
/gindex 0 def
{
gfile read pop
dup 10 eq {exit} if
dup 13 eq {exit} if
gstring exch gindex exch put
/gindex gindex 1 add def
} loop
pop
gstring 0 gindex getinterval true
} def
} if
/FMVERSION {
FMversion ne {
/Times-Roman findfont 18 scalefont setfont
100 100 moveto
(FrameMaker version does not match postscript_prolog!)
dup =
show showpage
} if
} def
/FMLOCAL {
FrameDict begin
0 def
end
} def
/gstring FMLOCAL
/gfile FMLOCAL
/gindex FMLOCAL
/orgxfer FMLOCAL
/orgproc FMLOCAL
/organgle FMLOCAL
/orgfreq FMLOCAL
/yscale FMLOCAL
/xscale FMLOCAL
/manualfeed FMLOCAL
/paperheight FMLOCAL
/paperwidth FMLOCAL
/FMDOCUMENT {
array /FMfonts exch def
/#copies exch def
FrameDict begin
0 ne dup {setmanualfeed} if
/manualfeed exch def
/paperheight exch def
/paperwidth exch def
setpapername
manualfeed {true} {papersize} ifelse
{manualpapersize} {false} ifelse
{desperatepapersize} if
/yscale exch def
/xscale exch def
currenttransfer cvlit /orgxfer exch def
currentscreen cvlit /orgproc exch def
/organgle exch def /orgfreq exch def
end
} def
/pagesave FMLOCAL
/orgmatrix FMLOCAL
/landscape FMLOCAL
/FMBEGINPAGE {
FrameDict begin
/pagesave save def
3.86 setmiterlimit
/landscape exch 0 ne def
landscape {
90 rotate 0 exch neg translate pop
}
{pop pop}
ifelse
xscale yscale scale
/orgmatrix matrix def
gsave
} def
/FMENDPAGE {
grestore
pagesave restore
end
showpage
} def
/FMDEFINEFONT {
FrameDict begin
findfont
ReEncode
2 index exch
definefont exch
scalefont
FMfonts 3 1 roll
put
end
} bind def
/FMNORMALIZEGRAPHICS {
newpath
0.0 0.0 moveto
1 setlinewidth
0 setlinecap
0 0 0 sethsbcolor
0 setgray
} bind def
/fx FMLOCAL
/fy FMLOCAL
/fh FMLOCAL
/fw FMLOCAL
/llx FMLOCAL
/lly FMLOCAL
/urx FMLOCAL
/ury FMLOCAL
/FMBEGINEPSF {
end
/FMEPSF save def
/showpage {} def
FMNORMALIZEGRAPHICS
[/fy /fx /fh /fw /ury /urx /lly /llx] {exch def} forall
fx fy translate
rotate
fw urx llx sub div fh ury lly sub div scale
llx neg lly neg translate
} bind def
/FMENDEPSF {
FMEPSF restore
FrameDict begin
} bind def
FrameDict begin
/setmanualfeed {
%%BeginFeature *ManualFeed True
statusdict /manualfeed true put
%%EndFeature
} def
/max {2 copy lt {exch} if pop} bind def
/min {2 copy gt {exch} if pop} bind def
/inch {72 mul} def
/pagedimen {
paperheight sub abs 16 lt exch
paperwidth sub abs 16 lt and
{/papername exch def} {pop} ifelse
} def
/papersizedict FMLOCAL
/setpapername {
/papersizedict 14 dict def
papersizedict begin
/papername /unknown def
/Letter 8.5 inch 11.0 inch pagedimen
/LetterSmall 7.68 inch 10.16 inch pagedimen
/Tabloid 11.0 inch 17.0 inch pagedimen
/Ledger 17.0 inch 11.0 inch pagedimen
/Legal 8.5 inch 14.0 inch pagedimen
/Statement 5.5 inch 8.5 inch pagedimen
/Executive 7.5 inch 10.0 inch pagedimen
/A3 11.69 inch 16.5 inch pagedimen
/A4 8.26 inch 11.69 inch pagedimen
/A4Small 7.47 inch 10.85 inch pagedimen
/B4 10.125 inch 14.33 inch pagedimen
/B5 7.16 inch 10.125 inch pagedimen
end
} def
/papersize {
papersizedict begin
/Letter {lettertray} def
/LetterSmall {lettertray lettersmall} def
/Tabloid {11x17tray} def
/Ledger {ledgertray} def
/Legal {legaltray} def
/Statement {statementtray} def
/Executive {executivetray} def
/A3 {a3tray} def
/A4 {a4tray} def
/A4Small {a4tray a4small} def
/B4 {b4tray} def
/B5 {b5tray} def
/unknown {unknown} def
papersizedict dup papername known {papername} {/unknown} ifelse get
end
/FMdicttop countdictstack 1 add def
statusdict begin stopped end
countdictstack -1 FMdicttop {pop end} for
} def
/manualpapersize {
papersizedict begin
/Letter {letter} def
/LetterSmall {lettersmall} def
/Tabloid {11x17} def
/Ledger {ledger} def
/Legal {legal} def
/Statement {statement} def
/Executive {executive} def
/A3 {a3} def
/A4 {a4} def
/A4Small {a4small} def
/B4 {b4} def
/B5 {b5} def
/unknown {unknown} def
papersizedict dup papername known {papername} {/unknown} ifelse get
end
stopped
} def
/desperatepapersize {
statusdict /setpageparams known
{
paperwidth paperheight 0 1
statusdict begin
{setpageparams} stopped pop
end
} if
} def
/savematrix {
orgmatrix currentmatrix pop
} bind def
/restorematrix {
orgmatrix setmatrix
} bind def
/dmatrix matrix def
/dpi 72 0 dmatrix defaultmatrix dtransform
dup mul exch dup mul add sqrt def
/freq dpi 18.75 div 8 div round dup 0 eq {pop 1} if 8 mul dpi exch div def
/sangle 1 0 dmatrix defaultmatrix dtransform exch atan def
/DiacriticEncoding [
/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
/.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /space /exclam /quotedbl
/numbersign /dollar /percent /ampersand /quotesingle /parenleft
/parenright /asterisk /plus /comma /hyphen /period /slash /zero /one
/two /three /four /five /six /seven /eight /nine /colon /semicolon
/less /equal /greater /question /at /A /B /C /D /E /F /G /H /I /J /K
/L /M /N /O /P /Q /R /S /T /U /V /W /X /Y /Z /bracketleft /backslash
/bracketright /asciicircum /underscore /grave /a /b /c /d /e /f /g /h
/i /j /k /l /m /n /o /p /q /r /s /t /u /v /w /x /y /z /braceleft /bar
/braceright /asciitilde /.notdef /Adieresis /Aring /Ccedilla /Eacute
/Ntilde /Odieresis /Udieresis /aacute /agrave /acircumflex /adieresis
/atilde /aring /ccedilla /eacute /egrave /ecircumflex /edieresis
/iacute /igrave /icircumflex /idieresis /ntilde /oacute /ograve
/ocircumflex /odieresis /otilde /uacute /ugrave /ucircumflex
/udieresis /dagger /.notdef /cent /sterling /section /bullet
/paragraph /germandbls /registered /copyright /trademark /acute
/dieresis /.notdef /AE /Oslash /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
/yen /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef /.notdef
/ordfeminine /ordmasculine /.notdef /ae /oslash /questiondown
/exclamdown /logicalnot /.notdef /florin /.notdef /.notdef
/guillemotleft /guillemotright /ellipsis /.notdef /Agrave /Atilde
/Otilde /OE /oe /endash /emdash /quotedblleft /quotedblright
/quoteleft /quoteright /.notdef /.notdef /ydieresis /Ydieresis
/fraction /currency /guilsinglleft /guilsinglright /fi /fl /daggerdbl
/periodcentered /quotesinglbase /quotedblbase /perthousand
/Acircumflex /Ecircumflex /Aacute /Edieresis /Egrave /Iacute
/Icircumflex /Idieresis /Igrave /Oacute /Ocircumflex /.notdef /Ograve
/Uacute /Ucircumflex /Ugrave /dotlessi /circumflex /tilde /macron
/breve /dotaccent /ring /cedilla /hungarumlaut /ogonek /caron
] def
/ReEncode {
dup
length
dict begin
{
1 index /FID ne
{def}
{pop pop} ifelse
} forall
Encoding StandardEncoding eq
{
/Encoding DiacriticEncoding def
}if
currentdict
end
} bind def
/graymode true def
/bwidth FMLOCAL
/bpside FMLOCAL
/bstring FMLOCAL
/onbits FMLOCAL
/offbits FMLOCAL
/xindex FMLOCAL
/yindex FMLOCAL
/x FMLOCAL
/y FMLOCAL
/setpattern {
/bwidth exch def
/bpside exch def
/bstring exch def
/onbits 0 def /offbits 0 def
freq sangle landscape {90 add} if
{/y exch def
/x exch def
/xindex x 1 add 2 div bpside mul cvi def
/yindex y 1 add 2 div bpside mul cvi def
bstring yindex bwidth mul xindex 8 idiv add get
1 7 xindex 8 mod sub bitshift and 0 ne
{/onbits onbits 1 add def 1}
{/offbits offbits 1 add def 0}
ifelse
}
setscreen
{} settransfer
offbits offbits onbits add div FMsetgray
/graymode false def
} bind def
/grayness {
FMsetgray
graymode not {
/graymode true def
orgxfer cvx settransfer
orgfreq organgle orgproc cvx setscreen
} if
} bind def
/HUE FMLOCAL
/SAT FMLOCAL
/BRIGHT FMLOCAL
/Colors FMLOCAL
FMPrintInColor
{
/HUE 0 def
/SAT 0 def
/BRIGHT 0 def
% array of arrays Hue and Sat values for the separations [HUE BRIGHT]
/Colors
[[0 0 ] % black
[0 0 ] % white
[0.00 1.0] % red
[0.37 1.0] % green
[0.60 1.0] % blue
[0.50 1.0] % cyan
[0.83 1.0] % magenta
[0.16 1.0] % comment / yellow
] def
/BEGINBITMAPCOLOR {
BITMAPCOLOR} def
/BEGINBITMAPCOLORc {
BITMAPCOLORc} def
/K {
Colors exch get dup
0 get /HUE exch store
1 get /BRIGHT exch store
HUE 0 eq BRIGHT 0 eq and
{1.0 SAT sub setgray}
{HUE SAT BRIGHT sethsbcolor}
ifelse
} def
/FMsetgray {
/SAT exch 1.0 exch sub store
HUE 0 eq BRIGHT 0 eq and
{1.0 SAT sub setgray}
{HUE SAT BRIGHT sethsbcolor}
ifelse
} bind def
}
{
/BEGINBITMAPCOLOR {
BITMAPGRAY} def
/BEGINBITMAPCOLORc {
BITMAPGRAYc} def
/FMsetgray {setgray} bind def
/K {
pop
} def
}
ifelse
/normalize {
transform round exch round exch itransform
} bind def
/dnormalize {
dtransform round exch round exch idtransform
} bind def
/lnormalize {
0 dtransform exch cvi 2 idiv 2 mul 1 add exch idtransform pop
} bind def
/H {
lnormalize setlinewidth
} bind def
/Z {
setlinecap
} bind def
/X {
fillprocs exch get exec
} bind def
/V {
gsave eofill grestore
} bind def
/N {
stroke
} bind def
/M {newpath moveto} bind def
/E {lineto} bind def
/D {curveto} bind def
/O {closepath} bind def
/n FMLOCAL
/L {
/n exch def
newpath
normalize
moveto
2 1 n {pop normalize lineto} for
} bind def
/Y {
L
closepath
} bind def
/x1 FMLOCAL
/x2 FMLOCAL
/y1 FMLOCAL
/y2 FMLOCAL
/rad FMLOCAL
/R {
/y2 exch def
/x2 exch def
/y1 exch def
/x1 exch def
x1 y1
x2 y1
x2 y2
x1 y2
4 Y
} bind def
/RR {
/rad exch def
normalize
/y2 exch def
/x2 exch def
normalize
/y1 exch def
/x1 exch def
newpath
x1 y1 rad add moveto
x1 y2 x2 y2 rad arcto
x2 y2 x2 y1 rad arcto
x2 y1 x1 y1 rad arcto
x1 y1 x1 y2 rad arcto
closepath
16 {pop} repeat
} bind def
/C {
grestore
gsave
R
clip
} bind def
/U {
grestore
gsave
} bind def
/F {
FMfonts exch get
setfont
} bind def
/T {
moveto show
} bind def
/RF {
rotate
0 ne {-1 1 scale} if
} bind def
/TF {
gsave
moveto
RF
show
grestore
} bind def
/P {
moveto
0 32 3 2 roll widthshow
} bind def
/PF {
gsave
moveto
RF
0 32 3 2 roll widthshow
grestore
} bind def
/S {
moveto
0 exch ashow
} bind def
/SF {
gsave
moveto
RF
0 exch ashow
grestore
} bind def
/B {
moveto
0 32 4 2 roll 0 exch awidthshow
} bind def
/BF {
gsave
moveto
RF
0 32 4 2 roll 0 exch awidthshow
grestore
} bind def
/x FMLOCAL
/y FMLOCAL
/dx FMLOCAL
/dy FMLOCAL
/dl FMLOCAL
/t FMLOCAL
/t2 FMLOCAL
/Cos FMLOCAL
/Sin FMLOCAL
/r FMLOCAL
/W {
dnormalize
/dy exch def
/dx exch def
normalize
/y exch def
/x exch def
/dl dx dx mul dy dy mul add sqrt def
dl 0.0 gt {
/t currentlinewidth def
savematrix
/Cos dx dl div def
/Sin dy dl div def
/r [Cos Sin Sin neg Cos 0.0 0.0] def
/t2 t 2.5 mul 3.5 max def
newpath
x y translate
r concat
0.0 0.0 moveto
dl t 2.7 mul sub 0.0 rlineto
stroke
restorematrix
x dx add y dy add translate
r concat
t 0.67 mul setlinewidth
t 1.61 mul neg 0.0 translate
0.0 0.0 moveto
t2 1.7 mul neg t2 2.0 div moveto
0.0 0.0 lineto
t2 1.7 mul neg t2 2.0 div neg lineto
stroke
t setlinewidth
restorematrix
} if
} bind def
/G {
gsave
newpath
normalize translate 0.0 0.0 moveto
dnormalize scale
0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc
closepath fill
grestore
} bind def
/A {
gsave
savematrix
newpath
2 index 2 div add exch 3 index 2 div sub exch
normalize 2 index 2 div sub exch 3 index 2 div add exch
translate
scale
0.0 0.0 1.0 5 3 roll arc
restorematrix
stroke
grestore
} bind def
/x FMLOCAL
/y FMLOCAL
/w FMLOCAL
/h FMLOCAL
/xx FMLOCAL
/yy FMLOCAL
/ww FMLOCAL
/hh FMLOCAL
/FMsaveobject FMLOCAL
/FMoptop FMLOCAL
/FMdicttop FMLOCAL
/BEGINPRINTCODE {
/FMdicttop countdictstack 1 add def
/FMoptop count 4 sub def
/FMsaveobject save def
userdict begin
/showpage {} def
FMNORMALIZEGRAPHICS
3 index neg 3 index neg translate
} bind def
/ENDPRINTCODE {
count -1 FMoptop {pop pop} for
countdictstack -1 FMdicttop {pop end} for
FMsaveobject restore
} bind def
/gn {
0
{ 46 mul
cf read pop
32 sub
dup 46 lt {exit} if
46 sub add
} loop
add
} bind def
/str FMLOCAL
/cfs {
/str sl string def
0 1 sl 1 sub {str exch val put} for
str def
} bind def
/ic [
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0223
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0223
0
{0 hx} {1 hx} {2 hx} {3 hx} {4 hx} {5 hx} {6 hx} {7 hx} {8 hx} {9 hx}
{10 hx} {11 hx} {12 hx} {13 hx} {14 hx} {15 hx} {16 hx} {17 hx} {18 hx}
{19 hx} {gn hx} {0} {1} {2} {3} {4} {5} {6} {7} {8} {9} {10} {11} {12}
{13} {14} {15} {16} {17} {18} {19} {gn} {0 wh} {1 wh} {2 wh} {3 wh}
{4 wh} {5 wh} {6 wh} {7 wh} {8 wh} {9 wh} {10 wh} {11 wh} {12 wh}
{13 wh} {14 wh} {gn wh} {0 bl} {1 bl} {2 bl} {3 bl} {4 bl} {5 bl} {6 bl}
{7 bl} {8 bl} {9 bl} {10 bl} {11 bl} {12 bl} {13 bl} {14 bl} {gn bl}
{0 fl} {1 fl} {2 fl} {3 fl} {4 fl} {5 fl} {6 fl} {7 fl} {8 fl} {9 fl}
{10 fl} {11 fl} {12 fl} {13 fl} {14 fl} {gn fl}
] def
/sl FMLOCAL
/val FMLOCAL
/ws FMLOCAL
/im FMLOCAL
/bs FMLOCAL
/cs FMLOCAL
/len FMLOCAL
/pos FMLOCAL
/ms {
/sl exch def
/val 255 def
/ws cfs
/im cfs
/val 0 def
/bs cfs
/cs cfs
} bind def
400 ms
/ip {
is
0
cf cs readline pop
{ ic exch get exec
add
} forall
pop
} bind def
/wh {
/len exch def
/pos exch def
ws 0 len getinterval im pos len getinterval copy pop
pos len
} bind def
/bl {
/len exch def
/pos exch def
bs 0 len getinterval im pos len getinterval copy pop
pos len
} bind def
/s1 1 string def
/fl {
/len exch def
/pos exch def
/val cf s1 readhexstring pop 0 get def
pos 1 pos len add 1 sub {im exch val put} for
pos len
} bind def
/hx {
3 copy getinterval
cf exch readhexstring pop pop
} bind def
/h FMLOCAL
/w FMLOCAL
/d FMLOCAL
/lb FMLOCAL
/bitmapsave FMLOCAL
/is FMLOCAL
/cf FMLOCAL
/wbytes {
dup
8 eq {pop} {1 eq {7 add 8 idiv} {3 add 4 idiv} ifelse} ifelse
} bind def
/BEGINBITMAPBWc {
1 {} COMMONBITMAPc
} bind def
/BEGINBITMAPGRAYc {
8 {} COMMONBITMAPc
} bind def
/BEGINBITMAP2BITc {
2 {} COMMONBITMAPc
} bind def
/COMMONBITMAPc {
/r exch def
/d exch def
gsave
translate rotate scale /h exch def /w exch def
/lb w d wbytes def
sl lb lt {lb ms} if
/bitmapsave save def
r
/is im 0 lb getinterval def
ws 0 lb getinterval is copy pop
/cf currentfile def
w h d [w 0 0 h neg 0 h]
{ip} image
bitmapsave restore
grestore
} bind def
/BEGINBITMAPBW {
1 {} COMMONBITMAP
} bind def
/BEGINBITMAPGRAY {
8 {} COMMONBITMAP
} bind def
/BEGINBITMAP2BIT {
2 {} COMMONBITMAP
} bind def
/COMMONBITMAP {
/r exch def
/d exch def
gsave
translate rotate scale /h exch def /w exch def
/bitmapsave save def
r
/is w d wbytes string def
/cf currentfile def
w h d [w 0 0 h neg 0 h]
{cf is readhexstring pop} image
bitmapsave restore
grestore
} bind def
/proc1 FMLOCAL
/proc2 FMLOCAL
/newproc FMLOCAL
/Fmcc {
/proc2 exch cvlit def
/proc1 exch cvlit def
/newproc proc1 length proc2 length add array def
newproc 0 proc1 putinterval
newproc proc1 length proc2 putinterval
newproc cvx
} bind def
/ngrayt 256 array def
/nredt 256 array def
/nbluet 256 array def
/ngreent 256 array def
/gryt FMLOCAL
/blut FMLOCAL
/grnt FMLOCAL
/redt FMLOCAL
/indx FMLOCAL
/cynu FMLOCAL
/magu FMLOCAL
/yelu FMLOCAL
/k FMLOCAL
/u FMLOCAL
/colorsetup {
currentcolortransfer
/gryt exch def
/blut exch def
/grnt exch def
/redt exch def
0 1 255 {
/indx exch def
/cynu 1 red indx get 255 div sub def
/magu 1 green indx get 255 div sub def
/yelu 1 blue indx get 255 div sub def
/k cynu magu min yelu min def
/u k currentundercolorremoval exec def
nredt indx 1 0 cynu u sub max sub redt exec put
ngreent indx 1 0 magu u sub max sub grnt exec put
nbluet indx 1 0 yelu u sub max sub blut exec put
ngrayt indx 1 k currentblackgeneration exec sub gryt exec put
} for
{255 mul cvi nredt exch get}
{255 mul cvi ngreent exch get}
{255 mul cvi nbluet exch get}
{255 mul cvi ngrayt exch get}
setcolortransfer
{pop 0} setundercolorremoval
{} setblackgeneration
} bind def
/tran FMLOCAL
/fakecolorsetup {
/tran 256 string def
0 1 255 {/indx exch def
tran indx
red indx get 77 mul
green indx get 151 mul
blue indx get 28 mul
add add 256 idiv put} for
currenttransfer
{255 mul cvi tran exch get 255.0 div}
exch Fmcc settransfer
} bind def
/BITMAPCOLOR {
/d 8 def
gsave
translate rotate scale /h exch def /w exch def
/bitmapsave save def
colorsetup
/is w d wbytes string def
/cf currentfile def
w h d [w 0 0 h neg 0 h]
{cf is readhexstring pop} {is} {is} true 3 colorimage
bitmapsave restore
grestore
} bind def
/BITMAPCOLORc {
/d 8 def
gsave
translate rotate scale /h exch def /w exch def
/lb w d wbytes def
sl lb lt {lb ms} if
/bitmapsave save def
colorsetup
/is im 0 lb getinterval def
ws 0 lb getinterval is copy pop
/cf currentfile def
w h d [w 0 0 h neg 0 h]
{ip} {is} {is} true 3 colorimage
bitmapsave restore
grestore
} bind def
/BITMAPGRAY {
8 {fakecolorsetup} COMMONBITMAP
} bind def
/BITMAPGRAYc {
8 {fakecolorsetup} COMMONBITMAPc
} bind def
/ENDBITMAP {
} bind def
end
%%EndProlog
%%BeginSetup
(2.0) FMVERSION
1 1 612 792 0 1 16 FMDOCUMENT
/fillprocs 32 array def
fillprocs 0 { 0.000000 grayness } put
fillprocs 1 { 0.100000 grayness } put
fillprocs 2 { 0.300000 grayness } put
fillprocs 3 { 0.500000 grayness } put
fillprocs 4 { 0.700000 grayness } put
fillprocs 5 { 0.900000 grayness } put
fillprocs 6 { 0.970000 grayness } put
fillprocs 7 { 1.000000 grayness } put
fillprocs 8 {<0f87c3e1f0783c1e> 8 1 setpattern } put
fillprocs 9 {<0f1e3c78f0e1c387> 8 1 setpattern } put
fillprocs 10 {<cccccccccccccccc> 8 1 setpattern } put
fillprocs 11 {<ffff0000ffff0000> 8 1 setpattern } put
fillprocs 12 {<8142241818244281> 8 1 setpattern } put
fillprocs 13 {<8040201008040201> 8 1 setpattern } put
fillprocs 14 {<03060c183060c081> 8 1 setpattern } put
fillprocs 15 {} put
fillprocs 16 { 1.000000 grayness } put
fillprocs 17 { 0.900000 grayness } put
fillprocs 18 { 0.700000 grayness } put
fillprocs 19 { 0.500000 grayness } put
fillprocs 20 { 0.300000 grayness } put
fillprocs 21 { 0.100000 grayness } put
fillprocs 22 { 0.030000 grayness } put
fillprocs 23 { 0.000000 grayness } put
fillprocs 24 {<f0783c1e0f87c3e1> 8 1 setpattern } put
fillprocs 25 {<f0e1c3870f1e3c78> 8 1 setpattern } put
fillprocs 26 {<3333333333333333> 8 1 setpattern } put
fillprocs 27 {<0000ffff0000ffff> 8 1 setpattern } put
fillprocs 28 {<7ebddbe7e7dbbd7e> 8 1 setpattern } put
fillprocs 29 {<7fbfdfeff7fbfdfe> 8 1 setpattern } put
fillprocs 30 {<fcf9f3e7cf9f3f7e> 8 1 setpattern } put
fillprocs 31 {} put
%%EndSetup
0 12 /Helvetica-Bold FMDEFINEFONT
1 12 /Helvetica-BoldOblique FMDEFINEFONT
%%Page: "-1" 1
%%BeginPaperSize: Letter
%%EndPaperSize
612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
144 144 468 396 R
7 X
0 K
V
0 F
0 X
1.2 (IMPLEMENT) 178.34 388 S
1.2 (A) 258.88 388 S
1.2 (TION NOTES ON ) 267.85 388 S
1 F
1.2 (bdes) 382.61 388 S
0 F
1.2 (\0501\051) 415.4 388 S
1.2 (Matt Bishop) 265.09 338 S
1.2 (T) 197.74 288 S
1.2 (echnical Report PCS-TR91-158) 205.38 288 S
FMENDPAGE
%%EndPage: "-1" 2
%%Page: "0" 2
612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
72 72 540 720 R
7 X
0 K
V
FMENDPAGE
%%EndPage: "0" 3
0 12 /Times-Roman FMDEFINEFONT
1 18 /Times-Bold FMDEFINEFONT
2 18 /Times-BoldItalic FMDEFINEFONT
3 12 /Times-Italic FMDEFINEFONT
4 12 /Times-Bold FMDEFINEFONT
5 10 /Times-Roman FMDEFINEFONT
6 12 /Courier FMDEFINEFONT
7 12 /Courier-Oblique FMDEFINEFONT
8 12 /ZapfDingbats FMDEFINEFONT
9 12 /Symbol FMDEFINEFONT
10 12 /Courier-Bold FMDEFINEFONT
%%Page: "1" 3
612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
72 745.99 540 756 R
7 X
0 K
V
72 32.69 540 42.7 R
V
0 F
0 X
(Page 1 of 11) 479.71 34.7 T
72 72 540 720 R
7 X
V
1 F
0 X
(Implementation Notes on ) 179.84 708 T
2 F
(bdes) 378.21 708 T
1 F
(\0501\051) 411.19 708 T
0 F
( ) 432.17 708 T
3 F
(Matt Bishop) 276.51 676 T
0 F
(Department of Mathematics and Computer Science) 182.92 656 T
(Dartmouth College) 259.86 642 T
(Hanover) 257.45 628 T
(, NH 03755) 298.26 628 T
3 F
(ABSTRACT) 277.68 602 T
0 F
0.27 (This note describes the implementation of ) 108 582 P
3 F
0.27 (bdes) 314.13 582 P
0 F
0.27 (, the \336le encryption program being) 336.12 582 P
0.36 (distributed in the 4.4 release of the Berkeley Software Distribution. It implements) 108 568 P
(all modes of the Data Encryption Standard program.) 108 554 T
4 F
(1. Intr) 72 528 T
(oduction) 104.43 528 T
0 F
-0.09 (The Data Encryption Standard is a standard endorsed by the federal government. It is con-) 108 504 P
-0.56 (siderably stronger than the algorithm used by the ) 72 484 P
5 F
-0.47 (UNIX) 305.36 484 P
0 F
-0.56 (\252 ) 330.34 484 P
3 F
-0.56 (crypt) 344.53 484 P
0 F
-0.56 (\0501\051 program, and therefore is a more) 369.18 484 P
0.11 (suitable candidate for protecting information, especially information contained in ) 72 464 P
5 F
0.09 (ASCII) 466.05 464 P
0 F
0.11 ( \336les. The) 492.14 464 P
-0.65 (program ) 72 444 P
3 F
-0.65 (bdes) 114.99 444 P
0 F
-0.65 (\0501\051 implements the DES and all of its modes, including the two authentication modes.) 136.97 444 P
-0.59 (Because others may wish to write software compatible with this program, this note presents) 108 420 P
-0.04 (the layout of the encrypted \336les produced by ) 72 400 P
3 F
-0.04 (bdes) 288.86 400 P
0 F
-0.04 ( as well as internal details relevant to the imple-) 310.85 400 P
-0.15 (mentation. Whereever possible and appropriate, the description of the ) 72 380 P
3 F
-0.15 (des) 408.04 380 P
0 F
-0.15 (\0501\051 program given in [4]) 424.03 380 P
-0.2 (has been followed; thus, ) 72 360 P
3 F
-0.2 (bdes) 190.77 360 P
0 F
-0.2 ( is completely compatible with that program. However) 212.75 360 P
-0.2 (, ) 473.33 360 P
3 F
-0.2 (bdes) 479.12 360 P
0 F
-0.2 ( also of-) 501.11 360 P
(fers several extensions to ) 72 340 T
3 F
(des) 195.9 340 T
0 F
( that are not compatible, and these will be explicitly pointed out.) 211.89 340 T
-0.14 (In this note, strings typed as shown will be in ) 108 316 P
6 F
-0.34 (Courier Roman font) 326.78 316 P
0 F
-0.14 (, and strings to be) 455.62 316 P
-0.42 (chosen by the user will be in ) 72 296 P
7 F
-1 (Courier Oblique font) 209.32 296 P
0 F
-0.42 (. The space character \050) 351.24 296 P
5 F
-0.35 (ASCII) 457.79 296 P
0 F
-0.42 ( <) 483.88 296 P
5 F
-0.35 (SP) 493.23 296 P
0 F
-0.42 (>, octal) 504.34 296 P
-0.43 (40, decimal 32, hex 20\051 will be represented as \322) 72 276 P
8 F
-0.47 (z) 296.98 276 P
0 F
-0.43 (\323 and the newline character \050) 301.96 276 P
5 F
-0.35 (ASCII) 438.03 276 P
0 F
-0.43 ( <) 464.13 276 P
5 F
-0.35 (NL) 473.46 276 P
0 F
-0.43 (>, octal 12,) 486.79 276 P
-0.05 (decimal 10, hex a\051 as \322) 72 256 P
9 F
-0.05 (\277) 181.65 256 P
0 F
-0.05 (\323. Because it is often more convenient to represent arbitrary characters as) 189.54 256 P
1.13 (a sequence of hexadecimal digits, that representation will often be used; these digits will be in) 72 236 P
10 F
(Courier Bold font) 72 216 T
0 F
( with spaces often inserted for readability) 194.33 216 T
(.) 392.07 216 T
4 F
(2. Overview and Use) 72 184 T
3 F
-0.39 (Bdes) 108 160 P
0 F
-0.39 ( implements the Data Encryption Standard algorithm in software, and enables the user) 131.32 160 P
-0.61 (to encrypt data using any of the four modes of operation of the DES \050Electronic Code Book, Cipher) 72 140 P
72 72 540 720 C
72 72 540 117 C
72 72 549 108 R
7 X
0 K
V
5 F
0 X
(This work is based on work funded by grant NAG2-680 from the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration to ) 72 101.33 T
(Dartmouth College.) 72 89.33 T
(UNIX is a Registered T) 72 77.33 T
(rademark of A) 166.58 77.33 T
(T&T Bell Laboratories.) 223.75 77.33 T
72 72 540 720 C
0 0 612 792 C
72 126 225 126 2 L
7 X
0 K
V
0.5 H
2 Z
0 X
N
FMENDPAGE
%%EndPage: "1" 4
%%Page: "2" 4
612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
72 745.99 540 756 R
7 X
0 K
V
72 32.69 540 42.7 R
V
0 F
0 X
(Page 2 of 11) 479.71 34.7 T
72 72 540 720 R
7 X
V
0 X
0.31 (Block Chaining, ) 72 712 P
3 F
0.31 (k) 154.25 712 P
0 F
0.31 (-bit Cipher Feed Back, and ) 159.58 712 P
3 F
0.31 (k) 293.71 712 P
0 F
0.31 (-bit Output Feed Back\051 as well as the Alternate ) 299.04 712 P
3 F
0.31 (k) 530.68 712 P
0 F
0.31 (-) 536.01 712 P
-0.04 (bit Cipher Feed Back mode. Further) 72 692 P
-0.04 (, ) 244.52 692 P
3 F
-0.04 (bdes) 250.48 692 P
0 F
-0.04 ( supports message authentication code generation based) 272.46 692 P
(on both the Cipher Block Chaining mode and the ) 72 672 T
3 F
(k) 310.86 672 T
0 F
(-bit Cipher Feed Back mode.) 316.19 672 T
0.07 (By default, ) 108 648 P
3 F
0.07 (bdes) 164.43 648 P
0 F
0.07 ( encrypts an input \336le using Cipher Block Chaining mode, and is invoked) 186.41 648 P
-0.4 (as a \336lter) 72 628 P
-0.4 (. The key may be speci\336ed either on the command line or may be typed to the prompt. So,) 114.51 628 P
(if the input \336le ) 72 608 T
7 F
(inputf) 145.96 608 T
(ile) 189.14 608 T
0 F
( contains the message) 210.73 608 T
6 F
(a) 253.9 584 T
8 F
(z) 261.1 584 T
6 F
(test) 266.07 584 T
8 F
(z) 294.86 584 T
6 F
(message) 299.83 584 T
9 F
(\277) 350.21 584 T
0 F
(then the following command encrypts it using the key ) 72 560 T
6 F
(abcdefgh) 333.5 560 T
0 F
(:) 391.07 560 T
6 F
(bdes -k abcdefgh < ) 158.48 536 T
7 F
(inputf) 295.21 536 T
(ile) 338.38 536 T
6 F
( > ) 359.97 536 T
7 F
(outputf) 381.56 536 T
(ile) 431.93 536 T
0 F
(The option ) 72 512 T
4 F
(-k) 127.3 512 T
0 F
( indicates the next ar) 137.96 512 T
(gument is the key) 237.01 512 T
(. Now ) 321.17 512 T
7 F
(outputf) 353.48 512 T
(ile) 403.86 512 T
0 F
( contains) 425.45 512 T
10 F
(16 0e eb af 68 a0 d0 19 f1 a2 9b 31 0d 8a 01 c3) 136.89 488 T
0 F
0.06 (Other modes are speci\336ed using command-line options, as is control of the way the key is) 108 464 P
(interpreted. The next sections contain several examples, and the Appendix has the manual page.) 72 444 T
4 F
(3. Keys and Parity) 72 412 T
0 F
0.58 (The key consists of 64 bits, and may be presented in any of hex, binary) 108 388 P
0.58 (, or as a string of) 456.48 388 P
5 F
0.12 (ASCII) 72 368 P
0 F
0.14 ( characters. If the key is given in hex or binary) 98.1 368 P
0.14 (, it is used as is with no changes. However) 322.21 368 P
0.14 (, if) 526.53 368 P
-0.27 (the key is given in ) 72 348 P
5 F
-0.23 (ASCII) 161.59 348 P
0 F
-0.27 (, a delicate problem arises: by convention, the parity bit is usually set to 0.) 187.69 348 P
-0.47 (This high-order bit is generally ignored by applications; but the DES
does not do so. Instead, it dis-) 72 328 P
-0.14 (cards the low-order bit, ef) 72 308 P
-0.14 (fectively reducing the size of the space of possible keys from 2) 195.44 308 P
5 F
-0.12 (56) 495.97 312.8 P
0 F
-0.14 ( to 2) 505.97 308 P
5 F
-0.12 (48) 527.01 312.8 P
0 F
-0.14 (.) 537 308 P
-0.46 ( T) 108 284 P
-0.46 (o preserve the size of the key space, the value of the parity bit must be related to the value) 117.03 284 P
-0.09 (in the low-order bit, so the program sets the high-order bit to make each character in the key be of) 72 264 P
-0.7 (odd parity) 72 244 P
-0.7 (. \050Note that the initial value of the parity bit is ) 119.49 244 P
3 F
-0.7 (not) 334.99 244 P
0 F
-0.7 ( used in this computation.\051 For example,) 350.31 244 P
(if the key is ) 72 224 T
6 F
(abcdefgh) 131.29 224 T
0 F
(, the actual key bits used are determined as follows:) 188.86 224 T
5 F
(ASCII) 99 200 T
0 F
( key) 125.1 200 T
6 F
(a) 243 200 T
(b) 279 200 T
(c) 315 200 T
(d) 351 200 T
(e) 387 200 T
(f) 423 200 T
(g) 459 200 T
(h) 495 200 T
5 F
(ASCII) 99 180 T
0 F
( key bits \050hex\051) 125.1 180 T
10 F
(61) 243 180 T
(62) 279 180 T
(63) 315 180 T
(64) 351 180 T
(65) 387 180 T
(66) 423 180 T
(67) 459 180 T
(68) 495 180 T
0 F
(parity) 99 160 T
(odd) 243 160 T
(odd) 279 160 T
(even) 315 160 T
(odd) 351 160 T
(even) 387 160 T
(even) 423 160 T
(odd) 459 160 T
(odd) 495 160 T
(key bits used \050hex\051) 99 140 T
10 F
(61) 243 140 T
(62) 279 140 T
(e3) 315 140 T
(64) 351 140 T
(e5) 387 140 T
(e6) 423 140 T
(67) 459 140 T
(68) 495 140 T
0 F
0.18 (This convention \050as opposed to requiring even parity) 108 120 P
0.18 (, or simply copying the low-order bit) 362 120 P
-0.41 (to the high-order bit\051 was chosen to provide compatibility with the encryption program ) 72 100 P
3 F
-0.41 (des) 486.77 100 P
0 F
-0.41 ( distrib-) 502.76 100 P
-0.52 (uted by Sun Microsystems, Inc. [4]. Whether the key is entered on the command line or on the key-) 72 80 P
FMENDPAGE
%%EndPage: "2" 5
%%Page: "3" 5
612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
72 745.99 540 756 R
7 X
0 K
V
72 32.69 540 42.7 R
V
0 F
0 X
(Page 3 of 11) 479.71 34.7 T
72 72 540 720 R
7 X
V
0 X
1.89 (board, by default it is processed into the same key schedule generated by Sun\325) 72 712 P
1.89 (s ) 471.02 712 P
3 F
1.89 (des) 480.58 712 P
0 F
1.89 (, so \336les) 496.56 712 P
(encrypted on a Sun can be decrypted using ) 72 692 T
3 F
(bdes) 280.51 692 T
0 F
( \050and vice versa\051.) 302.49 692 T
-0.3 (If the user does not wish to use the Sun convention, the option \320) 108 668 P
4 F
-0.3 (p) 411.9 668 P
0 F
-0.3 ( will disable the parity bit) 418.57 668 P
-0.62 (changing; with it, the parity bit is that of the character typed. This
is useful when the key is a known) 72 648 P
5 F
(ASCII) 72 628 T
0 F
( string and the \336le was encrypted on a system which does not alter parity bits.) 98.1 628 T
-0.24 (A key may be represented as a bit vector) 108 604 P
-0.24 (, rather than an ) 300.74 604 P
5 F
-0.2 (ASCII) 374.7 604 P
0 F
-0.24 ( string, in one of two ways. It) 400.8 604 P
0.19 (may be represented as a string of up to 16 hexadecimal digits; if fewer than 16 are given, the key) 72 584 P
0.16 (is right \336lled with 0 bits. Or) 72 564 P
0.16 (, it may be represented as a string of up to 64 binary digits, and again) 206.11 564 P
0.15 (if fewer than 64 are given, the key is right-\336lled with 0 bits. Bit
vector keys must be given on the) 72 544 P
0.51 (command line, and must begin with the characters ) 72 524 P
6 F
1.24 (0x) 320.28 524 P
0 F
0.51 ( or ) 334.67 524 P
6 F
1.24 (0X) 351.69 524 P
0 F
0.51 ( \050for hexadecimal\051 or ) 366.08 524 P
6 F
1.24 (0b) 472.71 524 P
0 F
0.51 ( or ) 487.1 524 P
6 F
1.24 (0B) 504.12 524 P
0 F
0.51 ( \050for) 518.51 524 P
(binary\051. For example, all of the following strings generate the same key schedule:) 72 504 T
5 F
(ASCII) 72 480 T
0 F
( key) 98.1 480 T
6 F
(abcdefgh) 180 480 T
0 F
(hexadecimal key) 72 460 T
6 F
(0x6162e364e5e66768) 180 460 T
0 F
(binary key) 72 440 T
6 F
(0b0110000101100010111000110110100011100101111000-) 180 440 T
(1100110011101101000) 180 420 T
0 F
-0.14 ( Note that giving the key on the command line as ) 108 396 P
6 F
-0.34 (0x6162636465666768) 345.27 396 P
0 F
-0.14 ( will ) 474.8 396 P
3 F
-0.14 (not) 499.17 396 P
0 F
-0.14 ( reset) 514.5 396 P
0.25 (the parity bits, because it is interpreted as a sequence of hex digits, not ) 72 376 P
5 F
0.21 (ASCII) 416.58 376 P
0 F
0.25 ( characters. The dif-) 442.68 376 P
0.69 (ference in interpretation is that here the user can specify all bits of the key exactly) 72 356 P
0.69 (, whereas \050on) 474.34 356 P
0.25 (most terminals\051 it is not possible to control how the parity bit of ) 72 336 P
5 F
0.21 (ASCII) 384.76 336 P
0 F
0.25 ( characters is set. On some) 410.85 336 P
0.36 (systems, it is possible to use a \322Meta\323 key to set the parity bit for an ) 72 316 P
5 F
0.3 (ASCII) 407.23 316 P
0 F
0.36 ( character; should this) 433.33 316 P
-0.3 (be the case and the user desire ) 72 296 P
3 F
-0.3 (bdes) 218.09 296 P
0 F
-0.3 ( not to reset the parity bit, the option ) 240.07 296 P
4 F
-0.3 (\320p) 415.25 296 P
0 F
-0.3 ( will force the parity bit) 427.92 296 P
(to be used as typed.) 72 276 T
4 F
(4. Encryption Output Repr) 72 244 T
(esentation) 211.05 244 T
0 F
0.01 (All modes of the DES output ciphertext in blocks; the size of the block is 64 bits \0508 bytes\051) 108 220 P
-0.25 (for ECB and CBC modes, and ) 72 200 P
3 F
-0.25 (k) 218.74 200 P
0 F
-0.25 ( bits for the ) 224.07 200 P
3 F
-0.25 (k) 281.02 200 P
0 F
-0.25 (-bit CFB and OFB modes, and there are as many out-) 286.35 200 P
-0.5 (put blocks as input blocks. However) 72 180 P
-0.5 (, as the length of the input is usually not a multiple of the block) 243.55 180 P
-0.35 (size, some padding is necessary; but as padding must be done by appending characters, these char-) 72 160 P
0.29 (acters must be distinguished from the input characters somehow) 72 140 P
0.29 (. The mechanism used is that the) 381.35 140 P
0.31 (last character of the \050decrypted\051 last block is the
\050integer\051 number of characters from the input in) 72 120 P
(the last block.) 72 100 T
FMENDPAGE
%%EndPage: "3" 6
%%Page: "4" 6
612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
72 745.99 540 756 R
7 X
0 K
V
72 32.69 540 42.7 R
V
0 F
0 X
(Page 4 of 11) 479.71 34.7 T
72 72 540 720 R
7 X
V
0 X
-0.59 (For example, suppose ) 108 712 P
7 F
-1.41 (inputf) 214.16 712 P
-1.41 (ile) 257.34 712 P
0 F
-0.59 ( contains \322) 278.93 712 P
6 F
-1.41 (This) 329.04 712 P
8 F
-0.65 (z) 357.83 712 P
6 F
-1.41 (is) 362.8 712 P
8 F
-0.65 (z) 377.2 712 P
6 F
-1.41 (a) 382.17 712 P
8 F
-0.65 (z) 389.37 712 P
6 F
-1.41 (test) 394.35 712 P
9 F
-0.59 (\277) 423.13 712 P
0 F
-0.59 (\323, and it is encrypted in) 431.02 712 P
(CBC mode using the key \322) 72 692 T
6 F
(abcdef#@) 200.93 692 T
0 F
(\323 and the initialization vector ) 258.5 692 T
6 F
(0x0) 401.4 692 T
0 F
(; the command is) 422.99 692 T
6 F
(bdes -k abcdef#@ < ) 158.48 668 T
7 F
(inputf) 295.21 668 T
(ile) 338.38 668 T
6 F
( > ) 359.97 668 T
7 F
(outputf) 381.56 668 T
(ile) 431.93 668 T
0 F
(as CBC is the default encryption mode and ) 72 644 T
6 F
(0x0) 281.2 644 T
0 F
( the default initialization vector:) 302.79 644 T
(text) 72 620 T
6 F
(T) 117 620 T
(h) 144 620 T
(i) 171 620 T
(s) 198 620 T
8 F
(z) 225 620 T
6 F
(i) 252 620 T
(s) 279 620 T
8 F
(z) 306 620 T
6 F
(a) 333 620 T
8 F
(z) 360 620 T
6 F
(t) 387 620 T
(e) 414 620 T
(s) 441 620 T
(t) 468 620 T
9 F
(\277) 495 620 T
0 F
(hex) 72 600 T
10 F
(54) 117 600 T
(68) 144 600 T
(69) 171 600 T
(73) 198 600 T
(20) 225 600 T
(69) 252 600 T
(73) 279 600 T
(20) 306 600 T
(61) 333 600 T
(20) 360 600 T
(74) 387 600 T
(65) 414 600 T
(73) 441 600 T
(74) 468 600 T
(0a) 495 600 T
0 F
(input) 72 580 T
10 F
(54) 117 580 T
(68) 144 580 T
(69) 171 580 T
(73) 198 580 T
(20) 225 580 T
(69) 252 580 T
(73) 279 580 T
(20) 306 580 T
(61) 333 580 T
(20) 360 580 T
(74) 387 580 T
(65) 414 580 T
(73) 441 580 T
(74) 468 580 T
(0a) 495 580 T
(07) 522 580 T
0 F
(output) 72 560 T
10 F
(a5) 117 560 T
(5f) 144 560 T
(81) 171 560 T
(53) 198 560 T
(51) 225 560 T
(98) 252 560 T
(47) 279 560 T
(02) 306 560 T
(db) 333 560 T
(5a) 360 560 T
(c5) 387 560 T
(fe) 414 560 T
(50) 441 560 T
(3d) 468 560 T
(40) 495 560 T
(ce) 522 560 T
0 F
0.04 (Notice that the text is 15 characters long, so there are 7 bytes following the last full block.) 108 540 P
3 F
0.22 (Bdes) 72 520 P
0 F
0.22 ( pads this to a full block by appending one byte containing the ) 95.32 520 P
5 F
0.19 (ASCII) 399.67 520 P
0 F
0.22 ( character with numeric) 425.77 520 P
(value 7 \050the ) 72 500 T
5 F
(ASCII) 131.62 500 T
0 F
( character <) 157.71 500 T
5 F
(BEL) 214.42 500 T
0 F
(>\051. The result is then encrypted.) 233.3 500 T
0.44 (As another example, suppose ) 108 476 P
7 F
1.07 (inputf) 253.34 476 P
1.07 (ile) 296.52 476 P
0 F
0.44 ( contains \322) 318.11 476 P
6 F
1.07 (test) 370.29 476 P
0 F
0.44 (\323, and it is encrypted in ECB) 399.08 476 P
(mode using the key \322) 72 456 T
6 F
(abcdef#@) 173.93 456 T
0 F
(\323; the command is) 231.5 456 T
6 F
(bdes -b \320k abcdef#@ < ) 147.69 432 T
7 F
(inputf) 306 432 T
(ile) 349.18 432 T
6 F
( > ) 370.76 432 T
7 F
(outputf) 392.35 432 T
(ile) 442.73 432 T
0 F
(because the option ) 72 408 T
4 F
(\320b) 164.26 408 T
0 F
( signi\336es ECB mode:) 176.93 408 T
(text) 72 384 T
6 F
(t) 144 384 T
(e) 171 384 T
(s) 198 384 T
(t) 225 384 T
0 F
(hex) 72 364 T
10 F
(74) 144 364 T
(65) 171 364 T
(73) 198 364 T
(74) 225 364 T
0 F
(input) 72 344 T
10 F
(74) 144 344 T
(65) 171 344 T
(73) 198 344 T
(74) 225 344 T
(00) 252 344 T
(00) 279 344 T
(00) 306 344 T
(04) 333 344 T
0 F
(output) 72 324 T
10 F
(0d) 144 324 T
(8a) 171 324 T
(6e) 198 324 T
(57) 225 324 T
(9c) 252 324 T
(8f) 279 324 T
(27) 306 324 T
(5d) 333 324 T
0 F
-0.31 (Finally) 108 304 P
-0.31 (, if the length of the message is indeed a multiple of the block size, an extra block of) 141.21 304 P
0.83 (all 0 bits is added. Suppose ) 72 284 P
7 F
1.99 (inputf) 210.57 284 P
1.99 (ile) 253.74 284 P
0 F
0.83 ( contains \322) 275.33 284 P
6 F
1.99 (test) 328.28 284 P
9 F
0.83 (\277) 357.07 284 P
0 F
0.83 (\323, and it is encrypted in 40-bit CFB) 364.96 284 P
1.51 (mode using the key \322) 72 264 P
6 F
3.62 (abcdef#@) 179.96 264 P
0 F
1.51 (\323 and the initialization vector ) 237.53 264 P
6 F
3.62 (0x0123456789abcdef) 387.97 264 P
0 F
1.51 (; the) 517.5 264 P
(command is) 72 244 T
6 F
-0.99 (bdes -f40 -v0x0123456789abcdef -kabcdef#@ < ) 72 220 P
7 F
-0.99 (inputf) 383.67 220 P
-0.99 (ile) 426.85 220 P
6 F
-0.99 ( > ) 448.43 220 P
7 F
-0.99 (outputf) 468.04 220 P
-0.99 (ile) 518.41 220 P
0 F
0.16 (because the option ) 72 196 P
4 F
0.16 (\320f40 ) 164.75 196 P
0 F
0.16 (signi\336es 40-bit CFB mode, and ) 189.89 196 P
4 F
0.16 (-v0x01234566789abcdef) 343.96 196 P
0 F
0.16 ( sets the initial-) 465.89 196 P
(ization vector \050note that spaces between the option and its ar) 72 176 T
(gument are optional\051:) 361.57 176 T
(text) 72 152 T
6 F
(t) 144 152 T
(e) 171 152 T
(s) 198 152 T
(t) 225 152 T
9 F
(\277) 252 152 T
0 F
(hex) 72 132 T
10 F
(74) 144 132 T
(65) 171 132 T
(73) 198 132 T
(74) 225 132 T
(0a) 252 132 T
0 F
(input) 72 112 T
10 F
(74) 144 112 T
(65) 171 112 T
(73) 198 112 T
(74) 225 112 T
(0a) 252 112 T
(00) 279 112 T
(00) 306 112 T
(00) 333 112 T
(00) 360 112 T
(00) 387 112 T
0 F
(output) 72 92 T
10 F
(e2) 144 92 T
(c2) 171 92 T
(69) 198 92 T
(a4) 225 92 T
(5b) 252 92 T
(3c) 279 92 T
(3d) 306 92 T
(b3) 333 92 T
(f5) 360 92 T
(3c) 387 92 T
FMENDPAGE
%%EndPage: "4" 7
1 12 /Times-BoldItalic FMDEFINEFONT
2 14 /Symbol FMDEFINEFONT
%%Page: "5" 7
612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
72 745.99 540 756 R
7 X
0 K
V
72 32.69 540 42.7 R
V
0 F
0 X
(Page 5 of 11) 479.71 34.7 T
72 72 540 720 R
7 X
V
0 X
(Note here the block size is 40 bits \0505 bytes\051, not 64 bits \0508 bytes\051.) 108 712 T
-0.4 (This technique allows complete compatibility with Sun\325) 108 688 P
-0.4 (s ) 374.11 688 P
3 F
-0.4 (des) 381.37 688 P
0 F
-0.4 ( program. In Sun\325) 397.36 688 P
-0.4 (s implemen-) 480.77 688 P
0.02 (tation, padding is done with random bytes rather than bytes containing all zero bits. Cryptograph-) 72 668 P
0.85 (ically) 72 648 P
0.85 (, this makes no dif) 97.87 648 P
0.85 (ference, as the DES is a suf) 189.32 648 P
0.85 (\336ciently good random cipher to obscure the) 325.74 648 P
(input \050see for example [2], Chapter 6\051, and known plaintext attacks are very dif) 72 628 T
(\336cult [1].) 451.82 628 T
4 F
(5. Differ) 72 596 T
(ences Between the Standard CFB and OFB Modes and ) 114.41 596 T
1 F
(bdes) 397.26 596 T
0 F
-0.11 (The UNIX operating system treats all \336les as streams of 8-bit bytes. In order to implement) 108 572 P
-0.08 (the CFB and OFB modes properly) 72 552 P
-0.08 (, it would be necessary to read ) 235.74 552 P
3 F
-0.08 (k) 383.74 552 P
0 F
-0.08 ( bits from the \336le, where ) 389.07 552 P
3 F
-0.08 (k) 509.51 552 P
0 F
-0.08 ( is an) 514.84 552 P
0.98 (integer between 1 and 64 inclusive. However) 72 532 P
0.98 (, this would require considerable buf) 294.22 532 P
0.98 (fering and be) 474.77 532 P
0.23 (quite inef) 72 512 P
0.23 (\336cient and prohibitively slow) 117.65 512 P
0.23 (. For these reasons, the current implementation of ) 258.48 512 P
3 F
0.23 (bdes) 501.48 512 P
0 F
0.23 ( re-) 523.46 512 P
0.47 (quires that ) 72 492 P
3 F
0.47 (k) 126.23 492 P
0 F
0.47 ( be a multiple of 8, so that an integral number of bytes will always be read from the) 131.56 492 P
(\336le. Other than this change, this mode is implemented as described in [3].) 72 472 T
-0.58 (A similar observation holds for the alternate CFB mode described in [3]. Here, only the low) 108 448 P
0.23 (7 bits of each byte are signi\336cant, and hence the parameter ) 72 428 P
3 F
0.23 (k) 358.95 428 P
0 F
0.23 ( is an integer from 1 to 56 inclusive;) 364.28 428 P
(bdes requires k to be a multiple of 7. The high-order bit is retained for encryption and decryption,) 72 408 T
(but output \050whether from encryption or decryption\051 always has the high-order bit set to zero.) 72 388 T
4 F
(6. Message Authentication Code Modes) 72 356 T
0 F
0.57 (The Data Encryption Standard provides two modes of authentication, each providing be-) 108 332 P
1.27 (tween 1 and 64 bits of authentication data. In both cases an ) 72 312 P
3 F
1.27 (n) 373.32 312 P
0 F
1.27 (-bit message authentication code) 379.32 312 P
0.62 (\050MAC\051 is generated, where 1) 72 292 P
2 F
0.73 ( ) 214.71 292 P
9 F
0.62 (\243) 218.94 292 P
0 F
0.62 ( ) 225.52 292 P
3 F
0.62 (n) 229.15 292 P
0 F
0.62 ( ) 235.14 292 P
9 F
0.62 (\243) 238.76 292 P
0 F
0.62 ( 64. The \336rst is based on the CBC encryption mode, and the) 245.35 292 P
(second on CFB mode. Both work the same.) 72 272 T
0.13 (First, the \336le is padded to a multiple of the block size by appending enough zero bits. It is) 108 248 P
-0.16 (then encrypted using the standard CBC \050or CFB\051 algorithm, but
all encrypted text is discarded ex-) 72 228 P
-0.44 (cept for the last block. The ) 72 208 P
3 F
-0.44 (n) 200.9 208 P
0 F
-0.44 ( leading bits of the last block are used as the MAC. Note that the block) 206.9 208 P
(size constrains the number of bits available as the MAC.) 72 188 T
0.71 (The implementation allows the user to specify that the MAC is to be computed in either) 108 164 P
-0.01 (CBC or CFB mode, and the user can specify any number of bits from 1 to 64 inclusive. However) 72 144 P
-0.01 (,) 537 144 P
-0.11 (because the UNIX operating system can only output bits in multiples of 8, if the number of bits of) 72 124 P
-0.08 (MAC is not a multiple of 8, the MAC will be right-padded with the minimum number of zero bits) 72 104 P
-0.31 (necessary to make the MAC length be a multiple of 8. However) 72 84 P
-0.31 (, note that as the standard \050[3], Ap-) 374.6 84 P
FMENDPAGE
%%EndPage: "5" 8
%%Page: "6" 8
612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
72 745.99 540 756 R
7 X
0 K
V
72 32.69 540 42.7 R
V
0 F
0 X
(Page 6 of 11) 479.71 34.7 T
72 72 540 720 R
7 X
V
0 X
-0.14 (pendix F\051 requires an incomplete \336nal block be right-padded with
zeroes, the technique of forcing) 72 712 P
(the last octet to contain the number of bytes in the message is ) 72 692 T
3 F
(not) 369.47 692 T
0 F
( used here.) 384.8 692 T
-0.39 (For example, suppose ) 108 668 P
7 F
-0.94 (inputf) 214.76 668 P
-0.94 (ile) 257.93 668 P
0 F
-0.39 ( contains \322) 279.52 668 P
6 F
-0.94 (This) 330.04 668 P
8 F
-0.43 (z) 358.82 668 P
6 F
-0.94 (is) 363.8 668 P
8 F
-0.43 (z) 378.19 668 P
6 F
-0.94 (a) 383.17 668 P
8 F
-0.43 (z) 390.36 668 P
6 F
-0.94 (test) 395.34 668 P
9 F
-0.39 (\277) 424.13 668 P
0 F
-0.39 (\323, and a 64-bit MAC is) 432.02 668 P
-0.73 (to be generated using CBC mode, the key \322) 72 648 P
6 F
-1.74 (abcdef#@) 274.39 648 P
0 F
-0.73 (\323 and the initialization vector ) 331.96 648 P
6 F
-1.74 (0x0) 471.23 648 P
0 F
-0.73 (; the com-) 492.82 648 P
(mand is) 72 628 T
6 F
(bdes -m 64 -k abcdef#@ < ) 136.89 604 T
7 F
(inputf) 316.79 604 T
(ile) 359.97 604 T
6 F
( > ) 381.56 604 T
7 F
(outputf) 403.15 604 T
(ile) 453.52 604 T
0 F
(as CBC is the default encryption mode and ) 72 580 T
6 F
(0x0) 281.2 580 T
0 F
( the default initialization vector:) 302.79 580 T
(text) 72 556 T
6 F
(T) 117 556 T
(h) 144 556 T
(i) 171 556 T
(s) 198 556 T
8 F
(z) 225 556 T
6 F
(i) 252 556 T
(s) 279 556 T
8 F
(z) 306 556 T
6 F
(a) 333 556 T
8 F
(z) 360 556 T
6 F
(t) 387 556 T
(e) 414 556 T
(s) 441 556 T
(t) 468 556 T
9 F
(\277) 495 556 T
0 F
(hex) 72 536 T
10 F
(54) 117 536 T
(68) 144 536 T
(69) 171 536 T
(73) 198 536 T
(20) 225 536 T
(69) 252 536 T
(73) 279 536 T
(20) 306 536 T
(61) 333 536 T
(20) 360 536 T
(74) 387 536 T
(65) 414 536 T
(73) 441 536 T
(74) 468 536 T
(0a) 495 536 T
0 F
(input) 72 516 T
10 F
(54) 117 516 T
(68) 144 516 T
(69) 171 516 T
(73) 198 516 T
(20) 225 516 T
(69) 252 516 T
(73) 279 516 T
(20) 306 516 T
(61) 333 516 T
(20) 360 516 T
(74) 387 516 T
(65) 414 516 T
(73) 441 516 T
(74) 468 516 T
(0a) 495 516 T
(00) 522 516 T
0 F
(output) 72 496 T
10 F
(43) 117 496 T
(18) 144 496 T
(de) 171 496 T
(74) 198 496 T
(24) 225 496 T
(a9) 252 496 T
(65) 279 496 T
(d1) 306 496 T
0 F
0.04 (Notice that the text is 15 characters long, so there are 7 bytes following the last full block.) 108 476 P
3 F
(Bdes) 72 456 T
0 F
( pads this to a full block by appending a zero-\336lled byte. The result is then encrypted and the) 95.32 456 T
(last block of output is used as the MAC.) 72 436 T
0.06 (As another example, suppose we used the same text, and wanted a 36-bit MAC to be gen-) 108 412 P
6.91 (erated using 40-bit CFB mode, the key \322) 72 392 P
6 F
16.58 (abcdef#@) 314.9 392 P
0 F
6.91 (\323 and the initialization vector) 372.47 392 P
6 F
(0x0123456789abcdef) 72 372 T
0 F
(; the command is) 201.53 372 T
6 F
(bdes -m 36 -f 40 -v 0x0123456789abcdef < ) 79.32 348 T
7 F
(inputf) 374.36 348 T
(ile) 417.54 348 T
6 F
( > ) 439.13 348 T
7 F
(outputf) 460.71 348 T
(ile) 511.09 348 T
0 F
-0.19 (where ) 72 324 P
4 F
-0.19 (\320m 36) 104.11 324 P
0 F
-0.19 ( is the option to generate a 36-bit MAC, ) 134.91 324 P
4 F
-0.19 (\320f 40) 327.79 324 P
0 F
-0.19 ( indicates 40-bit CFB is to be used, and) 352.58 324 P
4 F
-0.31 (\320v 0x123456789abcdef) 72 304 P
0 F
-0.31 ( sets the initialization vector) 186.62 304 P
-0.31 (. Note that, as the key is not given on the com-) 319.95 304 P
(mand line, the user will be prompted for it. It gives:) 72 284 T
(text) 72 260 T
6 F
(T) 117 260 T
(h) 144 260 T
(i) 171 260 T
(s) 198 260 T
8 F
(z) 225 260 T
6 F
(i) 252 260 T
(s) 279 260 T
8 F
(z) 306 260 T
6 F
(a) 333 260 T
8 F
(z) 360 260 T
6 F
(t) 387 260 T
(e) 414 260 T
(s) 441 260 T
(t) 468 260 T
9 F
(\277) 495 260 T
0 F
(hex) 72 240 T
10 F
(54) 117 240 T
(68) 144 240 T
(69) 171 240 T
(73) 198 240 T
(20) 225 240 T
(69) 252 240 T
(73) 279 240 T
(20) 306 240 T
(61) 333 240 T
(20) 360 240 T
(74) 387 240 T
(65) 414 240 T
(73) 441 240 T
(74) 468 240 T
(0a) 495 240 T
0 F
(input) 72 220 T
10 F
(54) 117 220 T
(68) 144 220 T
(69) 171 220 T
(73) 198 220 T
(20) 225 220 T
(69) 252 220 T
(73) 279 220 T
(20) 306 220 T
(61) 333 220 T
(20) 360 220 T
(74) 387 220 T
(65) 414 220 T
(73) 441 220 T
(74) 468 220 T
(0a) 495 220 T
0 F
(output) 72 200 T
10 F
(2b) 117 200 T
(18) 144 200 T
(68) 171 200 T
(2d) 198 200 T
(60) 225 200 T
0 F
0.19 (Note that the MAC is padded on the right by four zero bits to produce \336ve characters that) 108 180 P
(can be output.) 72 160 T
4 F
(7. Differ) 72 128 T
(ences Between ) 114.41 128 T
1 F
(bdes) 191.01 128 T
4 F
( and Sun\325) 212.99 128 T
(s DES Implementation) 261.88 128 T
0 F
0.02 (The program ) 108 104 P
3 F
0.02 (bdes) 173.33 104 P
0 F
0.02 ( is designed to be completely compatible with Sun Microsystems, Inc.\325) 195.31 104 P
0.02 (s) 535.33 104 P
0.57 (implementation of the Data Encryption Standard, called ) 72 84 P
3 F
0.57 (des) 347.14 84 P
0 F
0.57 ( and described in [4]. Thus, \336les en-) 363.13 84 P
FMENDPAGE
%%EndPage: "6" 9
%%Page: "7" 9
612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
72 745.99 540 756 R
7 X
0 K
V
72 32.69 540 42.7 R
V
0 F
0 X
(Page 7 of 11) 479.71 34.7 T
72 72 540 720 R
7 X
V
0 X
0.44 (crypted using ) 72 712 P
3 F
0.44 (des) 140.84 712 P
0 F
0.44 ( can be decrypted using ) 156.83 712 P
3 F
0.44 (bdes) 275.29 712 P
0 F
0.44 (, and vice versa, provided modes common to both) 297.27 712 P
-0.34 (are used. However) 72 692 P
-0.34 (, ) 160.41 692 P
3 F
-0.34 (bdes) 166.06 692 P
0 F
-0.34 ( does not allow \336les to be named on the command line, nor does it support) 188.05 692 P
-0.68 (hardware devices \050and so the ) 72 672 P
4 F
-0.68 (-s) 210.83 672 P
0 F
-0.68 ( and ) 219.49 672 P
4 F
-0.68 (-f) 241.45 672 P
0 F
-0.68 ( options of Sun\325) 249.44 672 P
-0.68 (s ) 323.71 672 P
3 F
-0.68 (des) 330.7 672 P
0 F
-0.68 ( are not available\051. Further) 346.69 672 P
-0.68 (, as encryption) 471.07 672 P
-0.05 (is the default, the Sun ) 72 652 P
3 F
-0.05 (des) 179.01 652 P
0 F
-0.05 ( ) 195 652 P
4 F
-0.05 (-e) 197.95 652 P
0 F
-0.05 ( option is not recognized. As the manual page to ) 207.27 652 P
3 F
-0.05 (bdes) 441.6 652 P
0 F
-0.05 ( is in the appen-) 463.59 652 P
(dix, these dif) 72 632 T
(ferences will not be elaborated upon further) 134.08 632 T
(.) 343.24 632 T
0.44 (Sun\325) 108 608 P
0.44 (s ) 130 608 P
3 F
0.44 (des) 138.1 608 P
0 F
0.44 ( supports the use of special-purpose hardware to encrypt and decrypt. Although) 154.09 608 P
3 F
1.33 (bdes) 72 588 P
0 F
1.33 ( does not directly support the use of such hardware, it uses the library routine ) 93.98 588 P
3 F
1.33 (encrypt) 487.05 588 P
0 F
1.33 (\0503\051,) 523.02 588 P
-0.09 (which may) 72 568 P
-0.09 (. Hardware support was not included directly to support as lar) 124.1 568 P
-0.09 (ge a number of platforms) 419.11 568 P
(as possible with installers needing to know as little about the hardware as possible.) 72 548 T
-0.08 (Sun\325) 108 524 P
-0.08 (s ) 130 524 P
3 F
-0.08 (des) 137.58 524 P
0 F
-0.08 ( supports only the CBC and ECB encryption modes; ) 153.57 524 P
3 F
-0.08 (bdes) 407.07 524 P
0 F
-0.08 ( supports all modes de-) 429.05 524 P
0.26 (scribed in [3] \050although CFB and OFB are not completely supported\051 as well as both CBC-based) 72 504 P
(and CFB-based MACs.) 72 484 T
0.15 (Although input with length not a multiple of the block size is handled in the same way by) 108 460 P
-0.47 (both ) 72 440 P
3 F
-0.47 (des) 95.85 440 P
0 F
-0.47 ( and ) 111.84 440 P
3 F
-0.47 (bdes) 134.21 440 P
0 F
-0.47 (, dif) 156.19 440 P
-0.47 (ferent values of the padding bytes are used in all but the last byte of the input.) 174.82 440 P
(Where ) 72 420 T
3 F
(bdes) 106.96 420 T
0 F
( puts zero bytes, ) 128.94 420 T
3 F
(des) 209.89 420 T
0 F
( puts bytes containing random values. The reason for Sun\325) 225.87 420 T
(s doing) 505.02 420 T
0.47 (so is to prevent a known plaintext attack on the \336le should an
attacker determine that the input\325) 72 400 P
0.47 (s) 535.33 400 P
-0.29 (length were a multiple of the block size. W) 72 380 P
-0.29 (ith ) 276.05 380 P
3 F
-0.29 (bdes) 291.43 380 P
0 F
-0.29 (, the plaintext contents of the last block of input) 313.41 380 P
0.31 (for such a \336le is known \050a block with all bits zero\051. W) 72 360 P
0.31 (ith ) 333.99 360 P
3 F
0.31 (des) 349.96 360 P
0 F
0.31 (, the plaintext contents of that block) 365.95 360 P
0.73 (are not known. Cryptanalytically) 72 340 P
0.73 (, given the information about the strength of the DES currently) 231.29 340 P
0.2 (known, it is widely believed that known plaintext attacks are infeasible
\050see for example [1]\051 and) 72 320 P
1.86 (so initializing and invoking the pseudorandom number generator seems unnecessary) 72 300 P
1.86 (. But this) 492.63 300 P
(means that ciphertexts produced from a plaintext by ) 72 280 T
3 F
(bdes) 324.48 280 T
0 F
( and ) 346.47 280 T
3 F
(des) 369.78 280 T
0 F
( will dif) 385.77 280 T
(fer in the last block.) 423.54 280 T
4 F
(Refer) 72 248 T
(ences) 100.41 248 T
0 F
([1]) 72 224 T
0.37 (D. Denning, \322The Data Encryption Standard: Fifteen Y) 108 224 P
0.37 (ears of Public Scrutiny) 374.87 224 P
0.37 (,\323 ) 484.8 224 P
3 F
0.37 (Pr) 496.49 224 P
0.37 (oceed-) 508.04 224 P
-0.47 (ings of the Sixth Annual Computer Security Applications Confer) 108 204 P
-0.47 (ence) 411.65 204 P
0 F
-0.47 ( pp. x\320xv \050Dec. 1990\051.) 433.62 204 P
([2]) 72 180 T
(A. Konheim, ) 108 180 T
3 F
(Cryptography: A Primer) 173.29 180 T
0 F
(, John W) 291.4 180 T
(iley and Sons, Inc., New Y) 333.9 180 T
(ork, NY \0501981\051.) 461.94 180 T
([3]) 72 156 T
3 F
0.63 (DES Modes of Operation) 108 156 P
0 F
0.63 (, Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 81, Na-) 231.47 156 P
-0.07 (tional Bureau of Standards, U.S. Department of Commerce, W) 108 136 P
-0.07 (ashington, DC \050Dec. 1980\051.) 407.62 136 P
([4]) 72 112 T
3 F
(UNIX User) 108 112 T
(\325) 162.74 112 T
(s Manual) 165.18 112 T
0 F
(, Sun Microsystems Inc., Mountain V) 210.16 112 T
(iew) 390 112 T
(, CA \050Mar) 406.54 112 T
(. 1988\051.) 455.51 112 T
4 F
(Appendix. The UNIX System Manual Page for ) 72 80 T
1 F
(bdes) 313.2 80 T
FMENDPAGE
%%EndPage: "7" 10
1 11 /Times-Bold FMDEFINEFONT
%%Page: "8" 10
612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
72 745.99 540 756 R
7 X
0 K
V
72 32.69 540 42.7 R
V
0 F
0 X
(Page 8 of 11) 479.71 34.7 T
72 72 540 720 R
7 X
V
1 F
0 X
(NAME) 72 712.67 T
0 F
(bdes - encrypt/decrypt using the Data Encryption Standard) 108 689 T
1 F
(SYNOPSIS) 72 663.67 T
4 F
(bdes) 108 640 T
0 F
( [) 131.33 640 T
3 F
( ) 138.32 640 T
4 F
(-abdp) 141.32 640 T
0 F
( ] [ ) 171.31 640 T
4 F
(-F) 188.3 640 T
0 F
( ) 199.62 640 T
3 F
(b) 202.62 640 T
0 F
( ] [ ) 208.61 640 T
4 F
(-f) 225.6 640 T
0 F
( ) 233.58 640 T
3 F
(b) 236.58 640 T
0 F
( ] [ ) 242.58 640 T
4 F
(-k) 259.56 640 T
0 F
( ) 270.22 640 T
3 F
(key) 273.22 640 T
0 F
( ] [ ) 289.2 640 T
4 F
(-m) 306.18 640 T
0 F
( ) 320.16 640 T
3 F
(b) 323.16 640 T
0 F
( ] [ ) 329.16 640 T
4 F
(-o) 346.14 640 T
0 F
( ) 356.13 640 T
3 F
(b) 359.13 640 T
0 F
( ] [ ) 365.13 640 T
4 F
(-v) 382.11 640 T
0 F
( ) 392.1 640 T
3 F
(vector) 395.1 640 T
0 F
( ]) 425.07 640 T
1 F
(DESCRIPTION) 72 614.67 T
3 F
-0.69 (Bdes) 108 591 P
0 F
-0.69 ( reads from the standard input and writes on the standard output. It implements all DES) 131.32 591 P
-0.09 (modes of operation described in FIPS PUB 81 including alternative cipher feedback mode) 108 577 P
0.74 (and both authentication modes. All modes but the electronic code book mode require an) 108 563 P
-0.14 (initialization vector; if none is supplied, the zero vector is used. T) 108 549 P
-0.14 (o protect the key and ini-) 420.44 549 P
0.29 (tialization vector from being read by) 108 535 P
3 F
0.29 ( ps) 284.98 535 P
0 F
0.29 (\0501\051, ) 298.94 535 P
3 F
0.29 (bdes ) 319.21 535 P
0 F
0.29 (hides its ar) 344.48 535 P
0.29 (guments on entry) 396.81 535 P
0.29 (. If no ) 479.89 535 P
3 F
0.29 (key ) 512.74 535 P
0 F
0.29 (is) 532 535 P
-0.61 (given, one is requested from the controlling terminal if that can be opened, or from the stan-) 108 521 P
(dard input if not.) 108 507 T
-0.17 (The key and initialization vector are taken as sequences of ) 108 489 P
5 F
-0.14 (ASCII) 389.38 489 P
0 F
-0.17 ( characters which are then) 415.48 489 P
-0.35 (mapped into their bit representations. If either begins with
\3240x\325 or \3240X\325, that one is taken as) 108 475 P
1.02 (a sequence of hexadecimal digits indicating the bit pattern; if either begins with \3240b\325 or) 108 461 P
-0.73 (\3240B\325, that one is taken as a sequence of binary digits
indicating the bit pattern. In either case,) 108 447 P
-0.37 (only the leading 64 bits of the key or initialization vector are used, and if fewer than 64 bits) 108 433 P
0.35 (are provided, enough 0 bits are appended to pad the key to 64 bits. Note that if the key is) 108 419 P
0.03 (not entered on the command line, it is interpreted in the same way) 108 405 P
0.03 (, because with 4.4 BSD,) 424.31 405 P
-0.36 (the password reading function ) 108 391 P
3 F
-0.36 (getpass) 254.45 391 P
0 F
-0.36 (\0503\051 allows enough characters for either hex or binary) 290.43 391 P
(keys to be entered.) 108 377 T
0.04 (According to the DES standard, the low-order bit of each character in the key string is de-) 108 359 P
-0.18 (leted. Since most ) 108 345 P
5 F
-0.15 (ASCII) 192.75 345 P
0 F
-0.18 ( representations set the high-order bit to 0, simply deleting the low-) 218.84 345 P
-0.29 (order bit ef) 108 331 P
-0.29 (fectively reduces the size of the key space from 2) 160.49 331 P
5 F
-0.24 (56) 394.67 335.8 P
0 F
-0.29 ( to 2) 404.67 331 P
5 F
-0.24 (48) 425.41 335.8 P
0 F
-0.29 ( keys. T) 435.4 331 P
-0.29 (o prevent this,) 472.29 331 P
-0.46 (the high-order bit must be a function depending in part upon the low-order bit; so, the high-) 108 317 P
0.11 (order bit is set to whatever value gives odd parity) 108 303 P
0.11 (. This preserves the key space size. Note) 345.05 303 P
(this resetting of the parity bit is ) 108 289 T
3 F
(not) 260.92 289 T
0 F
( done if the key is given in binary or hex.) 276.24 289 T
-0.38 (By default, the standard input is encrypted using cipher block chaining mode and is written) 108 271 P
0.18 (to the standard output. Using the same key for encryption and decryption preserves plain-) 108 257 P
(text, so) 108 243 T
( bdes ) 225.81 225 T
3 F
(key) 253.79 225 T
0 F
( < plaintext | bdes \320i ) 269.77 225 T
3 F
(key) 370.21 225 T
0 F
( ) 386.19 225 T
(is a very expensive equivalent of ) 108 201 T
3 F
(cat) 268.54 201 T
0 F
(\0501\051.) 283.2 201 T
(Options are:) 108 183 T
( ) 108 165 T
4 F
(\320a) 111 165 T
0 F
-0.75 (The key and initialization vector strings are to be taken as ) 144 165 P
5 F
-0.62 (ASCII) 415.89 165 P
0 F
-0.75 ( suppressing the spe-) 441.98 165 P
0.3 (cial interpretation given to leading \3240x\325, \3240X\325, \3240b\325,
and \3240B\325 characters. Note this) 144 151 P
(\337ag applies to ) 144 137 T
3 F
(both) 214.29 137 T
0 F
( the key and initialization vector) 235.62 137 T
(.) 389.85 137 T
4 F
(\320b) 108 119 T
0 F
(Use electronic code book mode.) 144 119 T
4 F
(\320d) 108 101 T
0 F
(Decrypt the input.) 144 101 T
FMENDPAGE
%%EndPage: "8" 11
%%Page: "9" 11
612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
72 745.99 540 756 R
7 X
0 K
V
72 32.69 540 42.7 R
V
0 F
0 X
(Page 9 of 11) 479.71 34.7 T
72 72 540 720 R
7 X
V
4 F
0 X
(\320f) 108 712 T
0 F
( ) 117.99 712 T
3 F
(b) 120.99 712 T
0 F
-0.29 (Use ) 144 712 P
3 F
-0.29 (b) 165.36 712 P
0 F
-0.29 (-bit cipher feedback mode. Currently ) 171.35 712 P
3 F
-0.29 (b) 350.42 712 P
0 F
-0.29 ( must be a multiple of 8 between 8 and) 356.42 712 P
(64 inclusive \050this does not conform to the standard CFB mode speci\336cation\051.) 144 698 T
4 F
(\320F) 108 680 T
0 F
( ) 121.32 680 T
3 F
(b) 124.32 680 T
0 F
-0.29 (Use ) 144 680 P
3 F
-0.29 (b) 165.36 680 P
0 F
-0.29 (-bit alternative cipher feedback mode. Currently ) 171.36 680 P
3 F
-0.29 (b) 403.77 680 P
0 F
-0.29 ( must be a multiple of 7 be-) 409.77 680 P
-0.12 (tween 7 and 56 inclusive \050this does not conform to the alternative CFB mode spec-) 144 666 P
(i\336cation\051.) 144 652 T
4 F
(\320k) 108 634 T
0 F
( ) 120.67 634 T
3 F
(key) 123.66 634 T
0 F
0.37 (Use the string ) 144 616 P
3 F
0.37 (key) 214.74 616 P
0 F
0.37 ( as the cryptographic key) 230.72 616 P
0.37 (. If this ar) 352.01 616 P
0.37 (gument is not given, the user) 399.54 616 P
(will be prompted for the key) 144 602 T
(.) 280.12 602 T
4 F
(\320m) 108 584 T
0 F
( ) 123.99 584 T
3 F
(b) 126.99 584 T
0 F
0.71 (Compute a message authentication code \050MAC\051 of ) 144 584 P
3 F
0.71 (b) 395.78 584 P
0 F
0.71 ( bits on the input. ) 401.77 584 P
3 F
0.71 (b) 491.94 584 P
0 F
0.71 ( must be) 497.94 584 P
0.11 (between 1 and 64 inclusive; if ) 144 570 P
3 F
0.11 (b) 291.87 570 P
0 F
0.11 ( is not a multiple of 8, enough 0 bits will be added) 297.86 570 P
-0.44 (to pad the MAC length to the nearest multiple of 8. Only the MAC is output. MACs) 144 556 P
(are only available in cipher block chaining mode or in cipher feedback mode.) 144 542 T
4 F
(\320o) 108 524 T
0 F
( ) 119.99 524 T
3 F
(b) 122.99 524 T
0 F
-0.34 (Use ) 144 524 P
3 F
-0.34 (b) 165.31 524 P
0 F
-0.34 (-bit output feedback mode. Currently ) 171.31 524 P
3 F
-0.34 (b) 350.83 524 P
0 F
-0.34 ( must be a multiple of 8 between 8 and) 356.83 524 P
(64 inclusive \050this does not conform to the OFB mode speci\336cation\051.) 144 510 T
4 F
(\320p) 108 492 T
0 F
-0.14 (Disable the resetting of the parity bit. This \337ag forces the parity bit of the key to be) 144 492 P
0.03 (used as typed, rather than making each character be of odd parity) 144 478 P
0.03 (. It is used only if) 455.91 478 P
(the key is given in ) 144 464 T
5 F
(ASCII) 234.95 464 T
0 F
(.) 261.04 464 T
4 F
(\320v) 108 446 T
0 F
( ) 119.99 446 T
3 F
(vector) 122.99 446 T
0 F
-0.5 (Set the initialization vector to ) 144 428 P
3 F
-0.5 (v) 286.44 428 P
0 F
-0.5 (; the vector is interpreted in the same way as the key) 291.76 428 P
-0.5 (.) 537 428 P
(The vector is ignored in electronic codebook mode.) 144 414 T
-0.55 (The DES is considered a very strong cryptosystem, and other than table lookup attacks, key) 108 396 P
0.24 (search attacks, and Hellman\325) 108 382 P
0.24 (s time-memory tradeof) 246.61 382 P
0.24 (f \050all of which are very expensive and) 356.8 382 P
0.66 (time-consuming\051, no cryptanalytic methods for breaking the DES are known in the open) 108 368 P
0.33 (literature. No doubt the choice of keys and key security are the most vulnerable aspect of) 108 354 P
3 F
(bdes) 108 340 T
0 F
(.) 129.98 340 T
4 F
(IMPLEMENT) 72 314 T
(A) 146.41 314 T
(TION NOTES) 154.18 314 T
0 F
0.57 (For implementors wishing to write software compatible with this program, the following) 108 290 P
-0.23 (notes are provided. This software is completely compatible with the implementation of the) 108 276 P
(data encryption standard distributed by Sun Microsystems, Inc.) 108 262 T
0.11 (In the ECB and CBC modes, plaintext is encrypted in units of 64 bits \0508 bytes, also called) 108 244 P
0.52 (a block\051. T) 108 230 P
0.52 (o ensure that the plaintext \336le is encrypted correctly) 160.49 230 P
0.52 (, ) 413.01 230 P
3 F
0.52 (bdes ) 419.53 230 P
0 F
0.52 (will \050internally\051 ap-) 445.03 230 P
0.29 (pend from 1 to 8 bytes, the last byte containing an integer stating how many bytes of that) 108 216 P
-0.71 (\336nal block are from the plaintext \336le, and encrypt the resulting block. Hence, when decrypt-) 108 202 P
0.27 (ing, the last block may contain from 0 to 7 characters present in the plaintext \336le, and the) 108 188 P
-0.59 (last byte tells how many) 108 174 P
-0.59 (. Note that if during decryption the last byte of the \336le does not con-) 221.46 174 P
0.41 (tain an integer between 0 and 7, either the \336le has been corrupted or an incorrect key has) 108 160 P
0.48 (been given. A similar mechanism is used for the OFB and CFB modes, except that those) 108 146 P
0.26 (simply require the length of the input to be a multiple of the mode size, and the \336nal byte) 108 132 P
-0.73 (contains an integer between 0 and one less than the number of bytes being used as the mode.) 108 118 P
(\050This was another reason that the mode size must be a multiple of 8 for those modes.\051) 108 104 T
FMENDPAGE
%%EndPage: "9" 12
%%Page: "10" 12
612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
72 745.99 540 756 R
7 X
0 K
V
72 32.69 540 42.7 R
V
0 F
0 X
(Page 10 of 11) 473.71 34.7 T
72 72 540 720 R
7 X
V
0 X
0.94 (Unlike Sun\325) 108 712 P
0.94 (s implementation, unused bytes of that last block are not \336lled with random) 166.58 712 P
0.57 (data, but instead contain what was in those byte positions in the preceding block. This is) 108 698 P
(quicker and more portable, and does not weaken the encryption signi\336cantly) 108 684 T
(.) 473.95 684 T
0.36 (If the key is entered in ) 108 666 P
5 F
0.3 (ASCII) 220.76 666 P
0 F
0.36 (, the parity bits of the key characters are set so that each key) 246.85 666 P
1.03 (character is of odd parity) 108 652 P
1.03 (. Unlike Sun\325) 231.23 652 P
1.03 (s implementation, it is possible to enter binary or) 296.92 652 P
-0.57 (hexadecimal keys on the command line, and if this is done, the parity bits are ) 108 638 P
3 F
-0.57 (not ) 472.85 638 P
0 F
-0.57 (reset. This) 490.61 638 P
(allows testing using arbitrary bit patterns as keys.) 108 624 T
0.64 (The Sun implementation always uses an initialization vector of 0 \050that is, all zeroes\051. By) 108 606 P
(default, ) 108 592 T
3 F
(bdes ) 147.3 592 T
0 F
(does too, but this may be changed from the command line.) 172.29 592 T
4 F
(FILES) 72 566 T
0 F
(/dev/tty) 108 542 T
(controlling terminal for typed key) 180 542 T
4 F
(SEE ALSO) 72 516 T
3 F
(crypt) 108 492 T
0 F
(\0501\051, ) 132.65 492 T
3 F
(crypt) 152.63 492 T
0 F
(\0503\051) 177.27 492 T
3 F
-0.4 (Data Encryption Standar) 108 474 P
-0.4 (d) 228.02 474 P
0 F
-0.4 (, Federal Information Processing Standard #46, National Bureau) 234.02 474 P
(of Standards, U.S. Department of Commerce, W) 108 460 T
(ashington DC \050Jan. 1977\051.) 340.2 460 T
3 F
0.16 (DES) 108 442 P
0 F
0.16 ( ) 129.98 442 P
3 F
0.16 (Modes of Operation, ) 133.15 442 P
0 F
0.16 (Federal Information Processing Standard #81, National Bureau) 236.24 442 P
(of Standards, U.S. Department of Commerce, W) 108 428 T
(ashington DC \050Dec. 1980\051.) 340.2 428 T
2.75 (Dorothy Denning, ) 108 410 P
3 F
2.75 (Cryptography and Data Security) 203.77 410 P
0 F
2.75 (, Addison-W) 368.8 410 P
2.75 (esley Publishing Co.,) 432.55 410 P
(Reading, MA \2511982.) 108 396 T
-0.19 ( Matt Bishop, \322Implementation Notes on ) 108 378 P
3 F
-0.19 (bdes) 305.76 378 P
0 F
-0.19 (\0501\051\323, T) 327.75 378 P
-0.19 (echnical Report PCS-TR-91-158, De-) 359.35 378 P
0.34 (partment of Mathematics and Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover) 108 364 P
0.34 (, NH \050Apr) 488.01 364 P
0.34 (.) 537 364 P
(1991\051.) 108 350 T
4 F
(CAUTION) 72 324 T
0 F
-0.55 (Certain speci\336c keys should be avoided because they introduce potential weaknesses; these) 108 300 P
-0.44 (keys, called the ) 108 286 P
3 F
-0.44 (weak) 183.95 286 P
0 F
-0.44 ( and ) 208.6 286 P
3 F
-0.44 (semiweak) 231.03 286 P
0 F
-0.44 ( keys, are \050in hex notation, where ) 277.66 286 P
6 F
-1.06 (p) 437.45 286 P
0 F
-0.44 ( is either ) 444.64 286 P
6 F
-1.06 (0) 487.63 286 P
0 F
-0.44 ( or ) 494.82 286 P
6 F
-1.06 (1) 509.93 286 P
0 F
-0.44 (, and) 517.12 286 P
6 F
(P) 108 272 T
0 F
( is either ) 115.2 272 T
6 F
(e) 159.5 272 T
0 F
( or ) 166.7 272 T
6 F
(f) 182.68 272 T
0 F
(\051:) 189.88 272 T
6 F
(0x0p0p0p0p0p0p0p0p) 144 254 T
(0x0p1P0p1P0p0P0p0P) 360 254 T
(0x0pep0pep0pfp0pfp) 144 236 T
(0x0pfP0pfP0pfP0pfP) 360 236 T
(0x1P0p1P0p0P0p0P0p) 144 218 T
(0x1P1P1P1P0P0P0P0P) 360 218 T
(0x1Pep1Pep0Pfp0Pfp) 144 200 T
(0x1PfP1PfP0PfP0PfP) 360 200 T
(0xep0pep0pfp0pfp0p) 144 182 T
(0xep1Pep1pfp0Pfp0P) 360 182 T
(0xepepepepepepepep) 144 164 T
(0xepfPepfPfpfPfpfP) 360 164 T
(0xfP0pfP0pfP0pfP0p) 144 146 T
(0xfP1PfP1PfP0PfP0P) 360 146 T
(0xfPepfPepfPepfPep) 144 128 T
(0xfPfPfPfPfPfPfPfP) 360 128 T
0 F
0.13 (The weakness of these keys is inherent in the DES algorithm \050see for example Moore and) 108 110 P
-0.57 (Simmons, \322Cycle structure of the DES with weak and semi-weak keys,\323) 108 96 P
3 F
-0.57 ( Advances in Cryp-) 449.43 96 P
(tology \320 Crypto \32486 Pr) 108 82 T
(oceedings) 216.83 82 T
0 F
(, Springer) 264.79 82 T
(-V) 311.85 82 T
(erlag New Y) 323.17 82 T
(ork, \2511987, pp. 9-32\051.) 383.25 82 T
FMENDPAGE
%%EndPage: "10" 13
%%Page: "11" 13
612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
72 745.99 540 756 R
7 X
0 K
V
72 32.69 540 42.7 R
V
0 F
0 X
(Page 11 of 11) 473.71 34.7 T
72 72 540 720 R
7 X
V
4 F
0 X
(BUGS) 72 712 T
0 F
-0.18 (There is a controversy raging over whether the DES will still be secure in a few years. The) 108 688 P
0.31 (advent of special-purpose hardware could reduce the cost of any of the methods of attack) 108 674 P
(named above so that they are no longer computationally infeasible.) 108 660 T
0.32 (Programs which display programs\325 ar) 108 642 P
0.32 (guments may compromise the key and initialization) 289.59 642 P
0.76 (vector if they are speci\336ed on the command line. T) 108 628 P
0.76 (o avoid this ) 358.46 628 P
3 F
0.76 (bdes) 419.7 628 P
0 F
0.76 ( overwrites its ar) 441.68 628 P
0.76 (gu-) 524.01 628 P
(ments. However) 108 614 T
(, the obvious race cannot currently be avoided.) 186.12 614 T
0.25 (As the key or key schedule is kept in memory throughout the run of this program, the en-) 108 596 P
(cryption can be compromised if memory is readable.) 108 582 T
-0.4 (There is no warranty of merchantability nor any warranty of \336tness for a particular purpose) 108 564 P
0.05 (nor any other warranty) 108 550 P
0.05 (, either express or implied, as to the accuracy of the enclosed mate-) 216.95 550 P
(rials or as to their suitability for any particular purpose.) 108 536 T
-0.06 (Accordingly) 108 518 P
-0.06 (, the user assumes full responsibility for their use. Further) 167.18 518 P
-0.06 (, the author assumes) 442.93 518 P
-0.25 (no obligation to furnish any assistance of any kind whatsoever) 108 504 P
-0.25 (, or to furnish any additional) 404.69 504 P
(information or documentation.) 108 490 T
4 F
(AUTHOR) 72 464 T
0 F
-0.54 (Matt Bishop, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Bradley Hall, Dartmouth) 108 440 P
(College, Hanover) 108 426 T
(, NH 03755) 192.12 426 T
(Electronic mail addresses:) 108 408 T
(Internet: Matt.Bishop@dartmouth.edu) 108 390 T
(UUCP: decvax!dartvax!Matt.Bishop) 108 372 T
FMENDPAGE
%%EndPage: "11" 14
%%Trailer
%%BoundingBox: 0 0 612 792
%%Pages: 13 1
%%DocumentFonts: Helvetica-Bold
%%+ Helvetica-BoldOblique
%%+ Times-Roman
%%+ Times-Bold
%%+ Times-BoldItalic
%%+ Times-Italic
%%+ Courier
%%+ Courier-Oblique
%%+ ZapfDingbats
%%+ Symbol
%%+ Courier-Bold