455 lines
12 KiB
Groff
455 lines
12 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)queue.3 8.2 (Berkeley) 1/24/94
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.\"
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.Dd "January 24, 1994"
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.Dt QUEUE 3
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.Os BSD 4
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm LIST_ENTRY ,
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.Nm LIST_HEAD ,
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.Nm LIST_INIT ,
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.Nm LIST_INSERT_AFTER ,
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.Nm LIST_INSERT_HEAD ,
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.Nm LIST_REMOVE ,
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.Nm TAILQ_ENTRY ,
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.Nm TAILQ_HEAD ,
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.Nm TAILQ_INIT ,
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.Nm TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER ,
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.Nm TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD ,
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.Nm TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL ,
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.Nm TAILQ_REMOVE ,
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.Nm CIRCLEQ_ENTRY ,
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.Nm CIRCLEQ_HEAD ,
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.Nm CIRCLEQ_INIT ,
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.Nm CIRCLEQ_INSERT_AFTER ,
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.Nm CIRCLEQ_INSERT_BEFORE ,
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.Nm CIRCLEQ_INSERT_HEAD ,
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.Nm CIRCLEQ_INSERT_TAIL ,
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.Nm CIRCLEQ_REMOVE
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.Nd implementations of lists, tail queues, and circular queues
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Fd #include <sys/queue.h>
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.sp
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.Fn LIST_ENTRY "TYPE"
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.Fn LIST_HEAD "HEADNAME" "TYPE"
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.Fn LIST_INIT "LIST_HEAD *head"
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.Fn LIST_INSERT_AFTER "LIST_ENTRY *listelm" "TYPE *elm" "LIST_ENTRY NAME"
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.Fn LIST_INSERT_HEAD "LIST_HEAD *head" "TYPE *elm" "LIST_ENTRY NAME"
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.Fn LIST_REMOVE "TYPE *elm" "LIST_ENTRY NAME"
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.sp
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.Fn TAILQ_ENTRY "TYPE"
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.Fn TAILQ_HEAD "HEADNAME" "TYPE"
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.Fn TAILQ_INIT "TAILQ_HEAD *head"
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.Fn TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER "TAILQ_HEAD *head" "TYPE *listelm" "TYPE *elm" "TAILQ_ENTRY NAME"
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.Fn TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD "TAILQ_HEAD *head" "TYPE *elm" "TAILQ_ENTRY NAME"
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.Fn TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL "TAILQ_HEAD *head" "TYPE *elm" "TAILQ_ENTRY NAME"
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.Fn TAILQ_REMOVE "TAILQ_HEAD *head" "TYPE *elm" "TAILQ_ENTRY NAME"
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.sp
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.Fn CIRCLEQ_ENTRY "TYPE"
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.Fn CIRCLEQ_HEAD "HEADNAME" "TYPE"
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.Fn CIRCLEQ_INIT "CIRCLEQ_HEAD *head"
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.Fn CIRCLEQ_INSERT_AFTER "CIRCLEQ_HEAD *head" "TYPE *listelm" "TYPE *elm" "CIRCLEQ_ENTRY NAME"
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.Fn CIRCLEQ_INSERT_BEFORE "CIRCLEQ_HEAD *head" "TYPE *listelm" "TYPE *elm" "CIRCLEQ_ENTRY NAME"
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.Fn CIRCLEQ_INSERT_HEAD "CIRCLEQ_HEAD *head" "TYPE *elm" "CIRCLEQ_ENTRY NAME"
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.Fn CIRCLEQ_INSERT_TAIL "CIRCLEQ_HEAD *head" "TYPE *elm" "CIRCLEQ_ENTRY NAME"
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.Fn CIRCLEQ_REMOVE "CIRCLEQ_HEAD *head" "TYPE *elm" "CIRCLEQ_ENTRY NAME"
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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These macros define and operate on three types of data structures:
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lists, tail queues, and circular queues.
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All three structures support the following functionality:
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.Bl -enum -compact -offset indent
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.It
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Insertion of a new entry at the head of the list.
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.It
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Insertion of a new entry after any element in the list.
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.It
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Removal of any entry in the list.
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.It
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Forward traversal through the list.
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.El
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.Pp
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Lists are the simplest of the three data structures and support
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only the above functionality.
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.Pp
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Tail queues add the following functionality:
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.Bl -enum -compact -offset indent
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.It
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Entries can be added at the end of a list.
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.El
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However:
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.Bl -enum -compact -offset indent
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.It
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All list insertions and removals must specify the head of the list.
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.It
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Each head entry requires two pointers rather than one.
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.It
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Code size is about 15% greater and operations run about 20% slower
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than lists.
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.El
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.Pp
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Circular queues add the following functionality:
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.Bl -enum -compact -offset indent
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.It
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Entries can be added at the end of a list.
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.It
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Entries can be added before another entry.
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.It
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They may be traversed backwards, from tail to head.
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.El
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However:
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.Bl -enum -compact -offset indent
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.It
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All list insertions and removals must specify the head of the list.
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.It
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Each head entry requires two pointers rather than one.
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.It
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The termination condition for traversal is more complex.
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.It
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Code size is about 40% greater and operations run about 45% slower
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than lists.
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.El
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.Pp
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In the macro definitions,
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.Fa TYPE
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is the name of a user defined structure,
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that must contain a field of type
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.Li LIST_ENTRY ,
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.Li TAILQ_ENTRY ,
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or
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.Li CIRCLEQ_ENTRY ,
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named
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.Fa NAME .
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The argument
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.Fa HEADNAME
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is the name of a user defined structure that must be declared
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using the macros
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.Li LIST_HEAD ,
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.Li TAILQ_HEAD ,
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or
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.Li CIRCLEQ_HEAD .
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See the examples below for further explanation of how these
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macros are used.
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.Sh LISTS
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A list is headed by a structure defined by the
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.Nm LIST_HEAD
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macro.
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This structure contains a single pointer to the first element
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on the list.
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The elements are doubly linked so that an arbitrary element can be
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removed without traversing the list.
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New elements can be added to the list after an existing element or
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at the head of the list.
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A
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.Fa LIST_HEAD
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structure is declared as follows:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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LIST_HEAD(HEADNAME, TYPE) head;
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.Ed
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.sp
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where
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.Fa HEADNAME
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is the name of the structure to be defined, and
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.Fa TYPE
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is the type of the elements to be linked into the list.
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A pointer to the head of the list can later be declared as:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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struct HEADNAME *headp;
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.Ed
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.sp
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(The names
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.Li head
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and
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.Li headp
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are user selectable.)
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.Pp
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The macro
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.Nm LIST_ENTRY
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declares a structure that connects the elements in
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the list.
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.Pp
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The macro
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.Nm LIST_INIT
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initializes the list referenced by
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.Fa head .
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.Pp
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The macro
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.Nm LIST_INSERT_HEAD
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inserts the new element
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.Fa elm
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at the head of the list.
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.Pp
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The macro
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.Nm LIST_INSERT_AFTER
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inserts the new element
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.Fa elm
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after the element
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.Fa listelm .
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.Pp
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The macro
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.Nm LIST_REMOVE
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removes the element
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.Fa elm
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from the list.
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.Sh LIST EXAMPLE
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.Bd -literal
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LIST_HEAD(listhead, entry) head;
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struct listhead *headp; /* List head. */
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struct entry {
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...
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LIST_ENTRY(entry) entries; /* List. */
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...
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} *n1, *n2, *np;
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LIST_INIT(&head); /* Initialize the list. */
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n1 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry)); /* Insert at the head. */
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LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&head, n1, entries);
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n2 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry)); /* Insert after. */
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LIST_INSERT_AFTER(n1, n2, entries);
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/* Forward traversal. */
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for (np = head.lh_first; np != NULL; np = np->entries.le_next)
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np-> ...
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while (head.lh_first != NULL) /* Delete. */
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LIST_REMOVE(head.lh_first, entries);
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.Ed
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.Sh TAIL QUEUES
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A tail queue is headed by a structure defined by the
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.Nm TAILQ_HEAD
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macro.
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This structure contains a pair of pointers,
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one to the first element in the tail queue and the other to
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the last element in the tail queue.
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The elements are doubly linked so that an arbitrary element can be
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removed without traversing the tail queue.
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New elements can be added to the tail queue after an existing element,
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at the head of the tail queue, or at the end of the tail queue.
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A
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.Fa TAILQ_HEAD
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structure is declared as follows:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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TAILQ_HEAD(HEADNAME, TYPE) head;
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.Ed
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.sp
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where
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.Li HEADNAME
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is the name of the structure to be defined, and
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.Li TYPE
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is the type of the elements to be linked into the tail queue.
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A pointer to the head of the tail queue can later be declared as:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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struct HEADNAME *headp;
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.Ed
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.sp
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(The names
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.Li head
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and
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.Li headp
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are user selectable.)
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.Pp
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The macro
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.Nm TAILQ_ENTRY
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declares a structure that connects the elements in
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the tail queue.
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.Pp
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The macro
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.Nm TAILQ_INIT
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initializes the tail queue referenced by
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.Fa head .
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.Pp
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The macro
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.Nm TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD
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inserts the new element
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.Fa elm
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at the head of the tail queue.
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.Pp
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The macro
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.Nm TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL
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inserts the new element
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.Fa elm
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at the end of the tail queue.
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.Pp
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The macro
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.Nm TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER
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inserts the new element
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.Fa elm
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after the element
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.Fa listelm .
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.Pp
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The macro
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.Nm TAILQ_REMOVE
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removes the element
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.Fa elm
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from the tail queue.
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.Sh TAIL QUEUE EXAMPLE
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.Bd -literal
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TAILQ_HEAD(tailhead, entry) head;
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struct tailhead *headp; /* Tail queue head. */
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struct entry {
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...
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TAILQ_ENTRY(entry) entries; /* Tail queue. */
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...
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} *n1, *n2, *np;
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TAILQ_INIT(&head); /* Initialize the queue. */
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n1 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry)); /* Insert at the head. */
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TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&head, n1, entries);
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n1 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry)); /* Insert at the tail. */
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TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&head, n1, entries);
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n2 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry)); /* Insert after. */
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TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER(&head, n1, n2, entries);
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/* Forward traversal. */
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for (np = head.tqh_first; np != NULL; np = np->entries.tqe_next)
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np-> ...
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/* Delete. */
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while (head.tqh_first != NULL)
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TAILQ_REMOVE(&head, head.tqh_first, entries);
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.Ed
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.Sh CIRCULAR QUEUES
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A circular queue is headed by a structure defined by the
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.Nm CIRCLEQ_HEAD
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macro.
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This structure contains a pair of pointers,
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one to the first element in the circular queue and the other to the
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last element in the circular queue.
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The elements are doubly linked so that an arbitrary element can be
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removed without traversing the queue.
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New elements can be added to the queue after an existing element,
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before an existing element, at the head of the queue, or at the end
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of the queue.
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A
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.Fa CIRCLEQ_HEAD
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structure is declared as follows:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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CIRCLEQ_HEAD(HEADNAME, TYPE) head;
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.Ed
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.sp
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where
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.Li HEADNAME
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is the name of the structure to be defined, and
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.Li TYPE
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is the type of the elements to be linked into the circular queue.
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A pointer to the head of the circular queue can later be declared as:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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struct HEADNAME *headp;
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.Ed
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.sp
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(The names
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.Li head
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and
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.Li headp
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are user selectable.)
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.Pp
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The macro
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.Nm CIRCLEQ_ENTRY
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declares a structure that connects the elements in
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the circular queue.
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.Pp
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The macro
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.Nm CIRCLEQ_INIT
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initializes the circular queue referenced by
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.Fa head .
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.Pp
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The macro
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.Nm CIRCLEQ_INSERT_HEAD
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inserts the new element
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.Fa elm
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at the head of the circular queue.
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.Pp
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The macro
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.Nm CIRCLEQ_INSERT_TAIL
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inserts the new element
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.Fa elm
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at the end of the circular queue.
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.Pp
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The macro
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.Nm CIRCLEQ_INSERT_AFTER
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inserts the new element
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.Fa elm
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after the element
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.Fa listelm .
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.Pp
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The macro
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.Nm CIRCLEQ_INSERT_BEFORE
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inserts the new element
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.Fa elm
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before the element
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.Fa listelm .
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.Pp
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The macro
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.Nm CIRCLEQ_REMOVE
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removes the element
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.Fa elm
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from the circular queue.
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.Sh CIRCULAR QUEUE EXAMPLE
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.Bd -literal
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CIRCLEQ_HEAD(circleq, entry) head;
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struct circleq *headp; /* Circular queue head. */
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struct entry {
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...
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CIRCLEQ_ENTRY entries; /* Circular queue. */
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...
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} *n1, *n2, *np;
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CIRCLEQ_INIT(&head); /* Initialize the circular queue. */
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n1 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry)); /* Insert at the head. */
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CIRCLEQ_INSERT_HEAD(&head, n1, entries);
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n1 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry)); /* Insert at the tail. */
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CIRCLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&head, n1, entries);
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n2 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry)); /* Insert after. */
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CIRCLEQ_INSERT_AFTER(&head, n1, n2, entries);
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n2 = malloc(sizeof(struct entry)); /* Insert before. */
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CIRCLEQ_INSERT_BEFORE(&head, n1, n2, entries);
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/* Forward traversal. */
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for (np = head.cqh_first; np != (void *)&head; np = np->entries.cqe_next)
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np-> ...
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/* Reverse traversal. */
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for (np = head.cqh_last; np != (void *)&head; np = np->entries.cqe_prev)
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np-> ...
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/* Delete. */
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while (head.cqh_first != (void *)&head)
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CIRCLEQ_REMOVE(&head, head.cqh_first, entries);
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.Ed
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Nm queue
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functions first appeared in 4.4BSD.
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