BIND 9
BIND version 9 is a major rewrite of nearly all aspects of the
underlying BIND architecture. Some of the important features of
BIND 9 are:
- DNS Security
DNSSEC (signed zones)
TSIG (signed DNS requests)
- IP version 6
Answers DNS queries on IPv6 sockets
IPv6 resource records (AAAA)
Experimental IPv6 Resolver Library
- DNS Protocol Enhancements
IXFR, DDNS, Notify, EDNS0
Improved standards conformance
- Views
One server process can provide multiple "views" of
the DNS namespace, e.g. an "inside" view to certain
clients, and an "outside" view to others.
- Multiprocessor Support
- Improved Portability Architecture
BIND version 9 development has been underwritten by the following
organizations:
Sun Microsystems, Inc.
Hewlett Packard
Compaq Computer Corporation
IBM
Process Software Corporation
Silicon Graphics, Inc.
Network Associates, Inc.
U.S. Defense Information Systems Agency
USENIX Association
Stichting NLnet - NLnet Foundation
Nominum, Inc.
BIND 9.4.1
BIND 9.4.1 is a security release, containing a fix for a
security bug in 9.4.0.
BIND 9.4.0
BIND 9.4.0 has a number of new features over 9.3,
including:
Implemented "additional section caching" (or "acache"), an
internal cache framework for additional section content to
improve response performance. Several configuration options
were provided to control the behavior.
New notify type 'master-only'. Enable notify for master
zones only.
Accept 'notify-source' style syntax for query-source.
rndc now allows addresses to be set in the server clauses.
New option "allow-query-cache". This lets allow-query be
used to specify the default zone access level rather than
having to have every zone override the global value.
allow-query-cache can be set at both the options and view
levels. If allow-query-cache is not set allow-query applies.
rndc: the source address can now be specified.
ixfr-from-differences now takes master and slave in addition
to yes and no at the options and view levels.
Allow the journal's name to be changed via named.conf.
'rndc notify zone [class [view]]' resend the NOTIFY messages
for the specified zone.
'dig +trace' now randomly selects the next servers to try.
Report if there is a bad delegation.
Improve check-names error messages.
Make public the function to read a key file, dst_key_read_public().
dig now returns the byte count for axfr/ixfr.
allow-update is now settable at the options / view level.
named-checkconf now checks the logging configuration.
host now can turn on memory debugging flags with '-m'.
Don't send notify messages to self.
Perform sanity checks on NS records which refer to 'in zone' names.
New zone option "notify-delay". Specify a minimum delay
between sets of NOTIFY messages.
Extend adjusting TTL warning messages.
Named and named-checkzone can now both check for non-terminal
wildcard records.
"rndc freeze/thaw" now freezes/thaws all zones.
named-checkconf now check acls to verify that they only
refer to existing acls.
The server syntax has been extended to support a range of
servers.
Report differences between hints and real NS rrset and
associated address records.
Preserve the case of domain names in rdata during zone
transfers.
Restructured the data locking framework using architecture
dependent atomic operations (when available), improving
response performance on multi-processor machines significantly.
x86, x86_64, alpha, powerpc, and mips are currently supported.
UNIX domain controls are now supported.
Add support for additional zone file formats for improving
loading performance. The masterfile-format option in
named.conf can be used to specify a non-default format. A
separate command named-compilezone was provided to generate
zone files in the new format. Additionally, the -I and -O
options for dnssec-signzone specify the input and output
formats.
dnssec-signzone can now randomize signature end times
(dnssec-signzone -j jitter).
Add support for CH A record.
Add additional zone data consistancy checks. named-checkzone
has extended checking of NS, MX and SRV record and the hosts
they reference. named has extended post zone load checks.
New zone options: check-mx and integrity-check.
edns-udp-size can now be overridden on a per server basis.
dig can now specify the EDNS version when making a query.
Added framework for handling multiple EDNS versions.
Additional memory debugging support to track size and mctx
arguments.
Detect duplicates of UDP queries we are recursing on and
drop them. New stats category "duplicates".
Memory management. "USE INTERNAL MALLOC" is now runtime selectable.
The lame cache is now done on a <qname,qclass,qtype> basis
as some servers only appear to be lame for certain query
types.
Limit the number of recursive clients that can be waiting
for a single query (<qname,qtype,qclass>) to resolve. New
options clients-per-query and max-clients-per-query.
dig: report the number of extra bytes still left in the
packet after processing all the records.
Support for IPSECKEY rdata type.
Raise the UDP receive buffer size to 32k if it is less than 32k.
x86 and x86_64 now have separate atomic locking implementations.
named-checkconf now validates update-policy entries.
Attempt to make the amount of work performed in a iteration
self tuning. The covers nodes clean from the cache per
iteration, nodes written to disk when rewriting a master
file and nodes destroyed per iteration when destroying a
zone or a cache.
ISC string copy API.
Automatic empty zone creation for D.F.IP6.ARPA and friends.
Note: RFC 1918 zones are not yet covered by this but are
likely to be in a future release.
New options: empty-server, empty-contact, empty-zones-enable
and disable-empty-zone.
dig now has a '-q queryname' and '+showsearch' options.
host/nslookup now continue (default)/fail on SERVFAIL.
dig now warns if 'RA' is not set in the answer when 'RD'
was set in the query. host/nslookup skip servers that fail
to set 'RA' when 'RD' is set unless a server is explicitly
set.
Integrate contributed DLZ code into named.
Integrate contributed IDN code from JPNIC.
Validate pending NS RRsets, in the authority section, prior
to returning them if it can be done without requiring DNSKEYs
to be fetched.
It is now possible to configure named to accept expired
RRSIGs. Default "dnssec-accept-expired no;". Setting
"dnssec-accept-expired yes;" leaves named vulnerable to
replay attacks.
Additional memory leakage checks.
The maximum EDNS UDP response named will send can now be
set in named.conf (max-udp-size). This is independent of
the advertised receive buffer (edns-udp-size).
Named now falls back to advertising EDNS with a 512 byte
receive buffer if the initial EDNS queries fail.
Control the zeroing of the negative response TTL to a soa
query. Defaults "zero-no-soa-ttl yes;" and
"zero-no-soa-ttl-cache no;".
Separate out MX and SRV to CNAME checks.
dig/nslookup/host: warn about missing "QR".
TSIG HMACSHA1, HMACSHA224, HMACSHA256, HMACSHA384 and
HMACSHA512 support.
dnssec-signzone: output the SOA record as the first record
in the signed zone.
Two new update policies. "selfsub" and "selfwild".
dig, nslookup and host now advertise a 4096 byte EDNS UDP
buffer size by default.
Report when a zone is removed.
DS/DLV SHA256 digest algorithm support.
Implement "rrset-order fixed".
Check the KSK flag when updating a secure dynamic zone.
New zone option "update-check-ksk yes;".
It is now possible to explicitly enable DNSSEC validation.
default dnssec-validation no; to be changed to yes in 9.5.0.
It is now possible to enable/disable DNSSEC validation
from rndc. This is useful for the mobile hosts where the
current connection point breaks DNSSEC (firewall/proxy).
rndc validation newstate [view]
dnssec-signzone can now update the SOA record of the signed
zone, either as an increment or as the system time().
Statistics about acache now recorded and sent to log.
libbind: corresponds to that from BIND 8.4.7.
BIND 9.3.0
BIND 9.3.0 has a number of new features over 9.2,
including:
DNSSEC is now DS based (RFC 3658).
See also RFC 3845, doc/draft/draft-ietf-dnsext-dnssec-*.
DNSSEC lookaside validation.
check-names is now implemented.
rrset-order in more complete.
IPv4/IPv6 transition support, dual-stack-servers.
IXFR deltas can now be generated when loading master files,
ixfr-from-differences.
It is now possible to specify the size of a journal, max-journal-size.
It is now possible to define a named set of master servers to be
used in masters clause, masters.
The advertised EDNS UDP size can now be set, edns-udp-size.
allow-v6-synthesis has been obsoleted.
NOTE:
* Zones containing MD and MF will now be rejected.
* dig, nslookup name. now report "Not Implemented" as
NOTIMP rather than NOTIMPL. This will have impact on scripts
that are looking for NOTIMPL.
libbind: corresponds to that from BIND 8.4.5.
BIND 9.2.0
BIND 9.2.0 has a number of new features over 9.1,
including:
- The size of the cache can now be limited using the
"max-cache-size" option.
- The server can now automatically convert RFC1886-style
recursive lookup requests into RFC2874-style lookups,
when enabled using the new option "allow-v6-synthesis".
This allows stub resolvers that support AAAA records
but not A6 record chains or binary labels to perform
lookups in domains that make use of these IPv6 DNS
features.
- Performance has been improved.
- The man pages now use the more portable "man" macros
rather than the "mandoc" macros, and are installed
by "make install".
- The named.conf parser has been completely rewritten.
It now supports "include" directives in more
places such as inside "view" statements, and it no
longer has any reserved words.
- The "rndc status" command is now implemented.
- rndc can now be configured automatically.
- A BIND 8 compatible stub resolver library is now
included in lib/bind.
- OpenSSL has been removed from the distribution. This
means that to use DNSSEC, OpenSSL must be installed and
the --with-openssl option must be supplied to configure.
This does not apply to the use of TSIG, which does not
require OpenSSL.
- The source distribution now builds on Windows NT/2000.
See win32utils/readme1.txt and win32utils/win32-build.txt
for details.
This distribution also includes a new lightweight stub
resolver library and associated resolver daemon that fully
support forward and reverse lookups of both IPv4 and IPv6
addresses. This library is considered experimental and
is not a complete replacement for the BIND 8 resolver library.
Applications that use the BIND 8 res_* functions to perform
DNS lookups or dynamic updates still need to be linked against
the BIND 8 libraries. For DNS lookups, they can also use the
new "getrrsetbyname()" API.
BIND 9.2 is capable of acting as an authoritative server
for DNSSEC secured zones. This functionality is believed to
be stable and complete except for lacking support for
verifications involving wildcard records in secure zones.
When acting as a caching server, BIND 9.2 can be configured
to perform DNSSEC secure resolution on behalf of its clients.
This part of the DNSSEC implementation is still considered
experimental. For detailed information about the state of the
DNSSEC implementation, see the file doc/misc/dnssec.
There are a few known bugs:
On some systems, IPv6 and IPv4 sockets interact in
unexpected ways. For details, see doc/misc/ipv6.
To reduce the impact of these problems, the server
no longer listens for requests on IPv6 addresses
by default. If you need to accept DNS queries over
IPv6, you must specify "listen-on-v6 { any; };"
in the named.conf options statement.
FreeBSD prior to 4.2 (and 4.2 if running as non-root)
and OpenBSD prior to 2.8 log messages like
"fcntl(8, F_SETFL, 4): Inappropriate ioctl for device".
This is due to a bug in "/dev/random" and impacts the
server's DNSSEC support.
OS X 10.1.4 (Darwin 5.4), OS X 10.1.5 (Darwin 5.5) and
OS X 10.2 (Darwin 6.0) reports errors like
"fcntl(3, F_SETFL, 4): Operation not supported by device".
This is due to a bug in "/dev/random" and impacts the
server's DNSSEC support.
--with-libtool does not work on AIX.
--with-libtool does not work on SunOS 4. configure
requires "printf" which is not available.
A bug in the Windows 2000 DNS server can cause zone transfers
from a BIND 9 server to a W2K server to fail. For details,
see the "Zone Transfers" section in doc/misc/migration.
For a detailed list of user-visible changes from
previous releases, see the CHANGES file.
Building
BIND 9 currently requires a UNIX system with an ANSI C compiler,
basic POSIX support, and a 64 bit integer type.
We've had successful builds and tests on the following systems:
COMPAQ Tru64 UNIX 5.1B
FreeBSD 4.10, 5.2.1
HP-UX 11.11
NetBSD 1.5
Slackware Linux 8.1
Solaris 8, 9, 9 (x86)
Windows NT/2000/XP/2003
Additionally, we have unverified reports of success building
previous versions of BIND 9 from users of the following systems:
AIX 5L
SuSE Linux 7.0
Slackware Linux 7.x, 8.0
Red Hat Linux 7.1
Debian GNU/Linux 2.2 and 3.0
Mandrake 8.1
OpenBSD 2.6, 2.8, 2.9, 3.1, 3.6, 3.8
UnixWare 7.1.1
HP-UX 10.20
BSD/OS 4.2
Mac OS X 10.1, 10.3.8
To build, just
./configure
make
Do not use a parallel "make".
Several environment variables that can be set before running
configure will affect compilation:
CC
The C compiler to use. configure tries to figure
out the right one for supported systems.
CFLAGS
C compiler flags. Defaults to include -g and/or -O2
as supported by the compiler.
STD_CINCLUDES
System header file directories. Can be used to specify
where add-on thread or IPv6 support is, for example.
Defaults to empty string.
STD_CDEFINES
Any additional preprocessor symbols you want defined.
Defaults to empty string.
Possible settings:
Change the default syslog facility of named/lwresd.
-DISC_FACILITY=LOG_LOCAL0
Enable DNSSEC signature chasing support in dig.
-DDIG_SIGCHASE=1 (sets -DDIG_SIGCHASE_TD=1 and
-DDIG_SIGCHASE_BU=1)
Disable dropping queries from particular well known ports.
-DNS_CLIENT_DROPPORT=0
LDFLAGS
Linker flags. Defaults to empty string.
The following need to be set when cross compiling.
BUILD_CC
The native C compiler.
BUILD_CFLAGS (optional)
BUILD_CPPFLAGS (optional)
Possible Settings:
-DNEED_OPTARG=1 (optarg is not declared in <unistd.h>)
BUILD_LDFLAGS (optional)
BUILD_LIBS (optional)
To build shared libraries, specify "--with-libtool" on the
configure command line.
For the server to support DNSSEC, you need to build it
with crypto support. You must have OpenSSL 0.9.5a
or newer installed and specify "--with-openssl" on the
configure command line. If OpenSSL is installed under
a nonstandard prefix, you can tell configure where to
look for it using "--with-openssl=/prefix".
To build libbind (the BIND 8 resolver library), specify
"--enable-libbind" on the configure command line.
On some platforms, BIND 9 can be built with multithreading
support, allowing it to take advantage of multiple CPUs.
You can specify whether to build a multithreaded BIND 9
by specifying "--enable-threads" or "--disable-threads"
on the configure command line. The default is operating
system dependent.
If your operating system has integrated support for IPv6, it
will be used automatically. If you have installed KAME IPv6
separately, use "--with-kame[=PATH]" to specify its location.
"make install" will install "named" and the various BIND 9 libraries.
By default, installation is into /usr/local, but this can be changed
with the "--prefix" option when running "configure".
You may specify the option "--sysconfdir" to set the directory
where configuration files like "named.conf" go by default,
and "--localstatedir" to set the default parent directory
of "run/named.pid". For backwards compatibility with BIND 8,
--sysconfdir defaults to "/etc" and --localstatedir defaults to
"/var" if no --prefix option is given. If there is a --prefix
option, sysconfdir defaults to "$prefix/etc" and localstatedir
defaults to "$prefix/var".
To see additional configure options, run "configure --help".
Note that the help message does not reflect the BIND 8
compatibility defaults for sysconfdir and localstatedir.
If you're planning on making changes to the BIND 9 source, you
should also "make depend". If you're using Emacs, you might find
"make tags" helpful.
If you need to re-run configure please run "make distclean" first.
This will ensure that all the option changes take.
Building with gcc is not supported, unless gcc is the vendor's usual
compiler (e.g. the various BSD systems, Linux).
Known compiler issues:
* gcc-3.2.1 and gcc-3.1.1 is known to cause problems with solaris-x86.
* gcc prior to gcc-3.2.3 ultrasparc generates incorrect code at -02.
* gcc-3.3.5 powerpc generates incorrect code at -02.
* Irix, MipsPRO 7.4.1m is known to cause problems.
A limited test suite can be run with "make test". Many of
the tests require you to configure a set of virtual IP addresses
on your system, and some require Perl; see bin/tests/system/README
for details.
Documentation
The BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual is included with the
source distribution in DocBook XML and HTML format, in the
doc/arm directory.
Some of the programs in the BIND 9 distribution have man pages
in their directories. In particular, the command line
options of "named" are documented in /bin/named/named.8.
There is now also a set of man pages for the lwres library.
If you are upgrading from BIND 8, please read the migration
notes in doc/misc/migration. If you are upgrading from
BIND 4, read doc/misc/migration-4to9.
Frequently asked questions and their answers can be found in
FAQ.
Bug Reports and Mailing Lists
Bugs reports should be sent to
bind9-bugs@isc.org
To join the BIND Users mailing list, send mail to
bind-users-request@isc.org
archives of which can be found via
http://www.isc.org/ops/lists/
If you're planning on making changes to the BIND 9 source
code, you might want to join the BIND Workers mailing list.
Send mail to
bind-workers-request@isc.org
