164 lines
5.0 KiB
Groff
164 lines
5.0 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)login.1 8.2 (Berkeley) 5/5/94
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd October 16, 2004
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.Dt LOGIN 1
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm login
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.Nd log into the computer
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl fp
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.Op Fl h Ar hostname
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.Op Ar user
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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utility logs users (and pseudo-users) into the computer system.
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.Pp
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If no user is specified, or if a user is specified and authentication
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of the user fails,
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.Nm
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prompts for a user name.
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Authentication of users is configurable via
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.Xr pam 8 .
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Password authentication is the default.
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.Pp
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The following options are available:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fl f
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When a user name is specified, this option indicates that proper
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authentication has already been done and that no password need be
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requested.
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This option may only be used by the super-user or when an already
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logged in user is logging in as themselves.
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.It Fl h
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Specify the host from which the connection was received.
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It is used by various daemons such as
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.Xr telnetd 8 .
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This option may only be used by the super-user.
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.It Fl p
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By default,
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.Nm
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discards any previous environment.
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The
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.Fl p
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option disables this behavior.
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.El
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.Pp
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If the file
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.Pa /etc/login.access
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exists,
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.Nm
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checks to see if the user and host pair are specifically allowed or denied
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access.
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Login access may also be controlled via the login class, which provides
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allow and deny records based on time, tty and remote host name.
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.Pp
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If the file
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.Pa /etc/fbtab
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exists,
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.Nm
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changes the protection and ownership of certain devices specified in this
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file.
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.Pp
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Immediately after logging a user in,
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.Nm
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displays the system copyright notice, the date and time the user last
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logged in, the message of the day as well as other information.
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If the file
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.Pa .hushlogin
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exists in the user's home directory, all of these messages are suppressed.
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This is to simplify logins for non-human users, such as
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.Xr uucp 1 .
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.Pp
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The
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.Nm
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utility enters information into the environment (see
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.Xr environ 7 )
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specifying the user's home directory (HOME), command interpreter (SHELL),
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search path (PATH), terminal type (TERM) and user name (both LOGNAME and
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USER).
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Other environment variables may be set due to entries in the login
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class capabilities database, for the login class assigned in the
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user's system passwd record.
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The login class also controls the maximum and current process resource
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limits granted to a login, process priorities and many other aspects of
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a user's login environment.
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.Pp
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Some shells may provide a builtin
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.Nm
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command which is similar or identical to this utility.
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Consult the
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.Xr builtin 1
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manual page.
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width ".Pa /etc/login.access" -compact
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.It Pa /etc/fbtab
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changes device protections
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.It Pa /etc/login.access
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login access control table
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.It Pa /etc/login.conf
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login class capabilities database
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.It Pa /etc/motd
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message-of-the-day
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.It Pa /var/mail/user
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system mailboxes
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.It Pa \&.hushlogin
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makes login quieter
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.It Pa /etc/auth.conf
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configure authentication services
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.It Pa /etc/pam.d/login
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.Xr pam 8
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configuration file
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr builtin 1 ,
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.Xr chpass 1 ,
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.Xr csh 1 ,
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.Xr passwd 1 ,
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.Xr rlogin 1 ,
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.Xr getpass 3 ,
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.Xr fbtab 5 ,
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.Xr login.access 5 ,
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.Xr login.conf 5 ,
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.Xr environ 7 ,
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.Xr pam 8
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.Sh HISTORY
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A
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.Nm
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utility appeared in
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.At v6 .
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