377 lines
11 KiB
Groff
377 lines
11 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 2000-2004 John H. Baldwin <jhb@FreeBSD.org>
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE DEVELOPERS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
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.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
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.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE DEVELOPERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
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.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
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.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
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.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
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.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
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.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd August 13, 2007
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.Dt SLEEPQUEUE 9
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm init_sleepqueues ,
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.Nm sleepq_abort ,
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.Nm sleepq_add ,
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.Nm sleepq_alloc ,
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.Nm sleepq_broadcast ,
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.Nm sleepq_calc_signal_retval ,
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.Nm sleepq_catch_signals ,
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.Nm sleepq_free ,
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.Nm sleepq_lock ,
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.Nm sleepq_lookup ,
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.Nm sleepq_release ,
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.Nm sleepq_remove ,
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.Nm sleepq_signal ,
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.Nm sleepq_set_timeout ,
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.Nm sleepq_timedwait ,
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.Nm sleepq_timedwait_sig ,
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.Nm sleepq_wait ,
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.Nm sleepq_wait_sig
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.Nd manage the queues of sleeping threads
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.In sys/param.h
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.In sys/sleepqueue.h
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.Ft void
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.Fn init_sleepqueues "void"
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.Ft int
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.Fn sleepq_abort "struct thread *td"
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.Ft void
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.Fn sleepq_add "void *wchan" "struct lock_object *lock" "const char *wmesg" "int flags" "int queue"
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.Ft struct sleepqueue *
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.Fn sleepq_alloc "void"
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.Ft int
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.Fn sleepq_broadcast "void *wchan" "int flags" "int pri" "int queue"
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.Ft int
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.Fn sleepq_calc_signal_retval "int sig"
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.Ft int
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.Fn sleepq_catch_signals "void *wchan"
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.Ft void
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.Fn sleepq_free "struct sleepqueue *sq"
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.Ft struct sleepqueue *
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.Fn sleepq_lookup "void *wchan"
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.Ft void
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.Fn sleepq_lock "void *wchan"
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.Ft void
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.Fn sleepq_release "void *wchan"
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.Ft void
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.Fn sleepq_remove "struct thread *td" "void *wchan"
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.Ft int
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.Fn sleepq_signal "void *wchan" "int flags" "int pri" "int queue"
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.Ft void
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.Fn sleepq_set_timeout "void *wchan" "int timo"
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.Ft int
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.Fn sleepq_timedwait "void *wchan"
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.Ft int
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.Fn sleepq_timedwait_sig "void *wchan" "int signal_caught"
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.Ft void
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.Fn sleepq_wait "void *wchan"
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.Ft int
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.Fn sleepq_wait_sig "void *wchan"
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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Sleep queues provide a mechanism for suspending execution of a thread until
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some condition is met.
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Each queue is associated with a specific wait channel when it is active,
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and only one queue may be associated with a wait channel at any given point
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in time.
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The implementation of each wait channel splits its sleepqueue into 2 sub-queues
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in order to enable some optimizations on threads' wakeups.
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An active queue holds a list of threads that are blocked on the associated
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wait channel.
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Threads that are not blocked on a wait channel have an associated inactive
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sleep queue.
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When a thread blocks on a wait channel it donates its inactive sleep queue
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to the wait channel.
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When a thread is resumed,
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the wait channel that it was blocked on gives it an inactive sleep queue for
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later use.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn sleepq_alloc
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function allocates an inactive sleep queue and is used to assign a
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sleep queue to a thread during thread creation.
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The
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.Fn sleepq_free
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function frees the resources associated with an inactive sleep queue and is
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used to free a queue during thread destruction.
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.Pp
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Active sleep queues are stored in a hash table hashed on the addresses pointed
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to by wait channels.
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Each bucket in the hash table contains a sleep queue chain.
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A sleep queue chain contains a spin mutex and a list of sleep queues that hash
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to that specific chain.
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Active sleep queues are protected by their chain's spin mutex.
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The
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.Fn init_sleepqueues
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function initializes the hash table of sleep queue chains.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn sleepq_lock
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function locks the sleep queue chain associated with wait channel
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.Fa wchan .
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn sleepq_lookup
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returns a pointer to the currently active sleep queue for that wait
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channel associated with
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.Fa wchan
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or
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.Dv NULL
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if there is no active sleep queue associated with
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argument
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.Fa wchan .
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It requires the sleep queue chain associated with
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.Fa wchan
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to have been locked by a prior call to
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.Fn sleepq_lock .
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn sleepq_release
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function unlocks the sleep queue chain associated with
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.Fn wchan
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and is primarily useful when aborting a pending sleep request before one of
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the wait functions is called.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn sleepq_add
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function places the current thread on the sleep queue associated with the
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wait channel
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.Fa wchan .
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The sleep queue chain associated with argument
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.Fa wchan
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must be locked by a prior call to
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.Fn sleepq_lock
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when this function is called.
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If a lock is specified via the
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.Fa lock
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argument, and if the kernel was compiled with
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.Cd "options INVARIANTS" ,
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then the sleep queue code will perform extra checks to ensure that
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the lock is used by all threads sleeping on
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.Fa wchan .
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The
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.Fa wmesg
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parameter should be a short description of
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.Fa wchan .
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The
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.Fa flags
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parameter is a bitmask consisting of the type of sleep queue being slept on
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and zero or more optional flags.
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The
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.Fa queue
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parameter specifies the sub-queue, in which the contending thread will be
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inserted.
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.Pp
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There are currently three types of sleep queues:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width ".Dv SLEEPQ_CONDVAR" -compact
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.It Dv SLEEPQ_CONDVAR
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A sleep queue used to implement condition variables.
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.It Dv SLEEPQ_SLEEP
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A sleep queue used to implement
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.Xr sleep 9 ,
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.Xr wakeup 9
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and
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.Xr wakeup_one 9 .
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.It Dv SLEEPQ_PAUSE
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A sleep queue used to implement
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.Xr pause 9 .
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.El
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.Pp
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There is currently only one optional flag:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width ".Dv SLEEPQ_INTERRUPTIBLE" -compact
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.It Dv SLEEPQ_INTERRUPTIBLE
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The current thread is entering an interruptible sleep.
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.El
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.Pp
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A timeout on the sleep may be specified by calling
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.Fn sleepq_set_timeout
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after
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.Fn sleepq_add .
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The
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.Fa wchan
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parameter should be the same value from the preceding call to
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.Fn sleepq_add ,
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and the sleep queue chain associated with
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.Fa wchan
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must have been locked by a prior call to
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.Fn sleepq_lock .
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The
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.Fa timo
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parameter should specify the timeout value in ticks.
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.Pp
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The current thread may be marked interruptible by calling
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.Fn sleepq_catch_signals
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with
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.Fa wchan
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set to the wait channel.
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This function returns a signal number if there are any pending signals for
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the current thread and 0 if there is not a pending signal.
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The sleep queue chain associated with argument
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.Fa wchan
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should have been locked by a prior call to
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.Fn sleepq_lock .
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.Pp
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Once the thread is ready to suspend,
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one of the wait functions is called to put the current thread to sleep
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until it is awakened and to context switch to another thread.
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The
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.Fn sleepq_wait
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function is used for non-interruptible sleeps that do not have a timeout.
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The
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.Fn sleepq_timedwait
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function is used for non-interruptible sleeps that have had a timeout set via
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.Fn sleepq_set_timeout .
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The
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.Fn sleepq_wait_sig
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function is used for interruptible sleeps that do not have a timeout.
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The
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.Fn sleepq_timedwait_sig
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function is used for interruptible sleeps that do have a timeout set.
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The
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.Fa wchan
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argument to all of the wait functions is the wait channel being slept
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on.
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The sleep queue chain associated with argument
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.Fa wchan
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needs to have been locked with a prior call to
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.Fn sleepq_lock .
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The
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.Fa signal_caught
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parameter to
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.Fn sleepq_timedwait_sig
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specifies if a previous call to
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.Fn sleepq_catch_signals
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found a pending signal.
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.Pp
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When the thread is resumed,
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the wait functions return a non-zero value if the thread was awakened due to
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an interrupt other than a signal or a timeout.
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If the sleep timed out, then
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.Er EWOULDBLOCK
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is returned.
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If the sleep was interrupted by something other than a signal,
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then some other return value will be returned.
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If zero is returned after resuming from an interruptible sleep,
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then
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.Fn sleepq_calc_signal_retval
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should be called to determine if the sleep was interrupted by a signal.
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If so,
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.Fn sleepq_calc_signal_retval
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returns
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.Er ERESTART
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if the interrupting signal is restartable and
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.Er EINTR
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otherwise.
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If the sleep was not interrupted by a signal,
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.Fn sleepq_calc_signal_retval
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will return 0.
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.Pp
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A sleeping thread is normally resumed by the
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.Fn sleepq_broadcast
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and
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.Fn sleepq_signal
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functions.
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The
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.Fn sleepq_signal
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function awakens the highest priority thread sleeping on a wait channel while
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.Fn sleepq_broadcast
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awakens all of the threads sleeping on a wait channel.
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The
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.Fa wchan
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argument specifics which wait channel to awaken.
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The
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.Fa flags
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argument must match the sleep queue type contained in the
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.Fa flags
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argument passed to
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.Fn sleepq_add
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by the threads sleeping on the wait channel.
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If the
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.Fa pri
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argument does not equal \-1,
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then each thread that is awakened will have its priority raised to
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.Fa pri
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if it has a lower priority.
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The sleep queue chain associated with argument
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.Fa wchan
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must be locked by a prior call to
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.Fn sleepq_lock
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before calling any of these functions.
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The
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.Fa queue
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argument specifies the sub-queue, from which threads need to be woken up.
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.Pp
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A thread in an interruptible sleep can be interrupted by another thread via
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the
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.Fn sleepq_abort
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function.
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The
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.Fa td
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argument specifies the thread to interrupt.
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An individual thread can also be awakened from sleeping on a specific wait
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channel via the
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.Fn sleepq_remove
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function.
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The
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.Fa td
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argument specifies the thread to awaken and the
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.Fa wchan
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argument specifies the wait channel to awaken it from.
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If the thread
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.Fa td
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is not blocked on the the wait channel
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.Fa wchan
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then this function will not do anything,
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even if the thread is asleep on a different wait channel.
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This function should only be used if one of the other functions above is not
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sufficient.
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One possible use is waking up a specific thread from a widely shared sleep
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channel.
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.Pp
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The
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.Fn sleepq_abort ,
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.Fn sleepq_broadcast ,
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and
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.Fn sleepq_signal
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functions all return a boolean value.
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If the return value is true,
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then at least one thread was resumed that is currently swapped out.
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The caller is responsible for awakening the scheduler process so that the
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resumed thread will be swapped back in.
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This is done by calling the
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.Fn kick_proc0
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function after releasing the sleep queue chain lock via a call to
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.Fn sleepq_release .
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.Pp
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The sleep queue interface is currently used to implement the
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.Xr sleep 9
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and
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.Xr condvar 9
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interfaces.
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Almost all other code in the kernel should use one of those interfaces rather
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than manipulating sleep queues directly.
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr condvar 9 ,
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.Xr runqueue 9 ,
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.Xr scheduler 9 ,
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.Xr sleep 9
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