288 lines
7.0 KiB
Groff
288 lines
7.0 KiB
Groff
.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1995 David Hovemeyer <daveho@infocom.com>
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.\"
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE DEVELOPERS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
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.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
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.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE DEVELOPERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
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.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
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.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
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.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
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.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
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.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.Dd September 22, 1995
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.Dt SEMOP 2
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm semop
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.Nd atomic array of operations on a semaphore set
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.Sh LIBRARY
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.Lb libc
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.In sys/types.h
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.In sys/ipc.h
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.In sys/sem.h
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.Ft int
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.Fn semop "int semid" "struct sembuf *array" "size_t nops"
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Fn semop
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system call
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atomically performs the array of operations indicated by
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.Fa array
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on the semaphore set indicated by
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.Fa semid .
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The length of
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.Fa array
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is indicated by
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.Fa nops .
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Each operation is encoded in a
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.Vt "struct sembuf" ,
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which is defined as follows:
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.\"
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.\" From <sys/sem.h>
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.\"
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.Bd -literal
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struct sembuf {
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u_short sem_num; /* semaphore # */
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short sem_op; /* semaphore operation */
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short sem_flg; /* operation flags */
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};
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.Ed
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.Pp
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For each element in
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.Fa array ,
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.Va sem_op
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and
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.Va sem_flg
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determine an operation to be performed on semaphore number
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.Va sem_num
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in the set.
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The values
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.Dv SEM_UNDO
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and
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.Dv IPC_NOWAIT
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may be
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.Em OR Ns 'ed
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into the
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.Va sem_flg
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member in order to modify the behavior of the given operation.
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.Pp
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The operation performed depends as follows on the value of
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.Va sem_op :
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.\"
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.\" This section is based on the description of semop() in
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.\" Stevens, _Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment_,
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.\" and the semop(2) description in The Open Group Unix2 specification.
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.\"
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.Bl -bullet
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.It
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When
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.Va sem_op
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is positive and the process has alter permission,
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the semaphore's value is incremented by
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.Va sem_op Ns 's
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value.
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If
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.Dv SEM_UNDO
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is specified, the semaphore's adjust on exit value is decremented by
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.Va sem_op Ns 's
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value.
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A positive value for
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.Va sem_op
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generally corresponds to a process releasing a resource
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associated with the semaphore.
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.It
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The behavior when
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.Va sem_op
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is negative and the process has alter permission,
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depends on the current value of the semaphore:
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.Bl -bullet
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.It
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If the current value of the semaphore is greater than or equal to
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the absolute value of
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.Va sem_op ,
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then the value is decremented by the absolute value of
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.Va sem_op .
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If
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.Dv SEM_UNDO
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is specified, the semaphore's adjust on exit
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value is incremented by the absolute value of
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.Va sem_op .
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.It
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If the current value of the semaphore is less than the absolute value of
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.Va sem_op ,
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one of the following happens:
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.\" XXX a *second* sublist?
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.Bl -bullet
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.It
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If
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.Dv IPC_NOWAIT
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was specified, then
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.Fn semop
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returns immediately with a return value of
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.Er EAGAIN .
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.It
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Otherwise, the calling process is put to sleep until one of the following
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conditions is satisfied:
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.\" XXX We already have two sublists, why not a third?
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.Bl -bullet
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.It
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Some other process removes the semaphore with the
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.Dv IPC_RMID
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option of
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.Xr semctl 2 .
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In this case,
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.Fn semop
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returns immediately with a return value of
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.Er EIDRM .
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.It
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The process receives a signal that is to be caught.
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In this case, the process will resume execution as defined by
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.Xr sigaction 2 .
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.It
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The semaphore's
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value is greater than or equal to the absolute value of
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.Va sem_op .
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When this condition becomes true, the semaphore's value is decremented
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by the absolute value of
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.Va sem_op ,
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the semaphore's adjust on exit value is incremented by the
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absolute value of
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.Va sem_op .
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.El
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.El
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.El
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.Pp
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A negative value for
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.Va sem_op
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generally means that a process is waiting for a resource to become
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available.
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.It
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When
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.Va sem_op
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is zero and the process has read permission,
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one of the following will occur:
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.Bl -bullet
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.It
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If the current value of the semaphore is equal to zero
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then
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.Fn semop
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can return immediately.
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.It
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If
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.Dv IPC_NOWAIT
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was specified, then
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.Fn semop
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returns immediately with a return value of
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.Er EAGAIN .
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.It
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Otherwise, the calling process is put to sleep until one of the following
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conditions is satisfied:
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.\" XXX Another nested sublists
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.Bl -bullet
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.It
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Some other process removes the semaphore with the
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.Dv IPC_RMID
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option of
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.Xr semctl 2 .
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In this case,
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.Fn semop
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returns immediately with a return value of
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.Er EIDRM .
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.It
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The process receives a signal that is to be caught.
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In this case, the process will resume execution as defined by
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.Xr sigaction 2 .
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.It
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The semaphore's value becomes zero.
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.El
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.El
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.El
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.Pp
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For each semaphore a process has in use, the kernel maintains an
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.Dq "adjust on exit"
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value, as alluded to earlier.
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When a process
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exits, either voluntarily or involuntarily, the adjust on exit value
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for each semaphore is added to the semaphore's value.
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This can
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be used to ensure that a resource is released if a process terminates
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unexpectedly.
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.Sh RETURN VALUES
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.Rv -std semop
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.Sh ERRORS
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The
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.Fn semop
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system call will fail if:
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.Bl -tag -width Er
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.It Bq Er EINVAL
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No semaphore set corresponds to
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.Fa semid ,
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or the process would exceed the system-defined limit for the number of
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per-process
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.Dv SEM_UNDO
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structures.
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.It Bq Er EACCES
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Permission denied due to mismatch between operation and mode of
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semaphore set.
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.It Bq Er EAGAIN
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The semaphore's value would have resulted in the process being put to sleep
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and
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.Dv IPC_NOWAIT
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was specified.
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.It Bq Er E2BIG
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Too many operations were specified.
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.Bq Dv SEMOPM
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.It Bq Er EFBIG
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.\"
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.\" I'd have thought this would be EINVAL, but the source says
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.\" EFBIG.
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.\"
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.Va sem_num
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was not in the range of valid semaphores for the set.
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.It Bq Er EIDRM
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The semaphore set was removed from the system.
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.It Bq Er EINTR
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The
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.Fn semop
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system call was interrupted by a signal.
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.It Bq Er ENOSPC
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The system
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.Dv SEM_UNDO
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pool
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.Bq Dv SEMMNU
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is full.
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.It Bq Er ERANGE
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The requested operation would cause either
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the semaphore's current value
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.Bq Dv SEMVMX
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or its adjust on exit value
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.Bq Dv SEMAEM
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to exceed the system-imposed limits.
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr semctl 2 ,
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.Xr semget 2 ,
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.Xr sigaction 2
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.Sh BUGS
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The
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.Fn semop
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system call
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may block waiting for memory even if
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.Dv IPC_NOWAIT
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was specified.
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