1226 lines
39 KiB
Groff
1226 lines
39 KiB
Groff
.Dd August 14 2018
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.Dt NTP_KEYGEN 8 User Commands
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.Os
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.\" EDIT THIS FILE WITH CAUTION (ntp-keygen-opts.mdoc)
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.\"
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.\" It has been AutoGen-ed August 14, 2018 at 08:30:38 AM by AutoGen 5.18.5
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.\" From the definitions ntp-keygen-opts.def
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.\" and the template file agmdoc-cmd.tpl
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm ntp-keygen
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.Nd Create a NTP host key
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.\" Mixture of short (flag) options and long options
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.Op Fl flags
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.Op Fl flag Op Ar value
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.Op Fl \-option\-name Ns Oo Oo Ns "=| " Oc Ns Ar value Oc
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.Pp
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All arguments must be options.
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.Pp
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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This program generates cryptographic data files used by the NTPv4
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authentication and identification schemes.
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It can generate message digest keys used in symmetric key cryptography and,
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if the OpenSSL software library has been installed, it can generate host keys,
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signing keys, certificates, and identity keys and parameters used in Autokey
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public key cryptography.
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These files are used for cookie encryption,
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digital signature, and challenge/response identification algorithms
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compatible with the Internet standard security infrastructure.
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.Pp
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The message digest symmetric keys file is generated in a format
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compatible with NTPv3.
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All other files are in PEM\-encoded printable ASCII format,
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so they can be embedded as MIME attachments in email to other sites
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and certificate authorities.
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By default, files are not encrypted.
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.Pp
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When used to generate message digest symmetric keys, the program
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produces a file containing ten pseudo\-random printable ASCII strings
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suitable for the MD5 message digest algorithm included in the
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distribution.
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If the OpenSSL library is installed, it produces an additional ten
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hex\-encoded random bit strings suitable for SHA1, AES\-128\-CMAC, and
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other message digest algorithms.
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The message digest symmetric keys file must be distributed and stored
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using secure means beyond the scope of NTP itself.
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Besides the keys used for ordinary NTP associations, additional keys
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can be defined as passwords for the
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.Xr ntpq 8
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and
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.Xr ntpdc 8
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utility programs.
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.Pp
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The remaining generated files are compatible with other OpenSSL
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applications and other Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) resources.
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Certificates generated by this program are compatible with extant
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industry practice, although some users might find the interpretation of
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X509v3 extension fields somewhat liberal.
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However, the identity keys are probably not compatible with anything
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other than Autokey.
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.Pp
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Some files used by this program are encrypted using a private password.
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The
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.Fl p
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option specifies the read password for local encrypted files and the
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.Fl q
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option the write password for encrypted files sent to remote sites.
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If no password is specified, the host name returned by the Unix
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.Xr hostname 1
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command, normally the DNS name of the host, is used as the the default read
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password, for convenience.
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The
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.Nm
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program prompts for the password if it reads an encrypted file
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and the password is missing or incorrect.
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If an encrypted file is read successfully and
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no write password is specified, the read password is used
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as the write password by default.
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.Pp
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The
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.Cm pw
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option of the
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.Ic crypto
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.Xr ntpd 8
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configuration command specifies the read
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password for previously encrypted local files.
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This must match the local read password used by this program.
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If not specified, the host name is used.
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Thus, if files are generated by this program without an explicit password,
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they can be read back by
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.Xr ntpd 8
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without specifying an explicit password but only on the same host.
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If the write password used for encryption is specified as the host name,
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these files can be read by that host with no explicit password.
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.Pp
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Normally, encrypted files for each host are generated by that host and
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used only by that host, although exceptions exist as noted later on
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this page.
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The symmetric keys file, normally called
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.Pa ntp.keys ,
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is usually installed in
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.Pa /etc .
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Other files and links are usually installed in
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.Pa /usr/local/etc ,
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which is normally in a shared filesystem in
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NFS\-mounted networks and cannot be changed by shared clients.
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In these cases, NFS clients can specify the files in another
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directory such as
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.Pa /etc
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using the
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.Ic keysdir
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.Xr ntpd 8
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configuration file command.
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.Pp
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This program directs commentary and error messages to the standard
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error stream
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.Pa stderr
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and remote files to the standard output stream
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.Pa stdout
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where they can be piped to other applications or redirected to files.
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The names used for generated files and links all begin with the
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string
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.Pa ntpkey\&*
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and include the file type, generating host and filestamp,
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as described in the
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.Sx "Cryptographic Data Files"
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section below.
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.Ss Running the Program
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The safest way to run the
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.Nm
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program is logged in directly as root.
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The recommended procedure is change to the
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.Ar keys
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directory, usually
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.Pa /usr/local/etc ,
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then run the program.
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.Pp
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To test and gain experience with Autokey concepts, log in as root and
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change to the
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.Ar keys
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directory, usually
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.Pa /usr/local/etc .
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When run for the first time, or if all files with names beginning with
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.Pa ntpkey\&*
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have been removed, use the
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.Nm
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command without arguments to generate a default
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.Cm RSA
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host key and matching
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.Cm RSA\-MD5
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certificate file with expiration date one year hence,
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which is all that is necessary in many cases.
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The program also generates soft links from the generic names
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to the respective files.
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If run again without options, the program uses the
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existing keys and parameters and generates a new certificate file with
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new expiration date one year hence, and soft link.
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.Pp
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The host key is used to encrypt the cookie when required and so must be
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.Cm RSA
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type.
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By default, the host key is also the sign key used to encrypt signatures.
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When necessary, a different sign key can be specified and this can be
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either
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.Cm RSA
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or
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.Cm DSA
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type.
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By default, the message digest type is
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.Cm MD5 ,
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but any combination
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of sign key type and message digest type supported by the OpenSSL library
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can be specified, including those using the
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.Cm AES128CMAC , MD2 , MD5 , MDC2 , SHA , SHA1
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and
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.Cm RIPE160
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message digest algorithms.
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However, the scheme specified in the certificate must be compatible
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with the sign key.
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Certificates using any digest algorithm are compatible with
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.Cm RSA
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sign keys;
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however, only
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.Cm SHA
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and
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.Cm SHA1
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certificates are compatible with
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.Cm DSA
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sign keys.
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.Pp
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Private/public key files and certificates are compatible with
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other OpenSSL applications and very likely other libraries as well.
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Certificates or certificate requests derived from them should be compatible
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with extant industry practice, although some users might find
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the interpretation of X509v3 extension fields somewhat liberal.
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However, the identification parameter files, although encoded
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as the other files, are probably not compatible with anything other than Autokey.
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.Pp
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Running the program as other than root and using the Unix
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.Xr su 1
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command
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to assume root may not work properly, since by default the OpenSSL library
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looks for the random seed file
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.Pa .rnd
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in the user home directory.
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However, there should be only one
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.Pa .rnd ,
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most conveniently
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in the root directory, so it is convenient to define the
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.Ev RANDFILE
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environment variable used by the OpenSSL library as the path to
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.Pa .rnd .
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.Pp
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Installing the keys as root might not work in NFS\-mounted
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shared file systems, as NFS clients may not be able to write
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to the shared keys directory, even as root.
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In this case, NFS clients can specify the files in another
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directory such as
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.Pa /etc
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using the
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.Ic keysdir
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.Xr ntpd 8
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configuration file command.
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There is no need for one client to read the keys and certificates
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of other clients or servers, as these data are obtained automatically
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by the Autokey protocol.
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.Pp
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Ordinarily, cryptographic files are generated by the host that uses them,
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but it is possible for a trusted agent (TA) to generate these files
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for other hosts; however, in such cases files should always be encrypted.
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The subject name and trusted name default to the hostname
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of the host generating the files, but can be changed by command line options.
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It is convenient to designate the owner name and trusted name
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as the subject and issuer fields, respectively, of the certificate.
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The owner name is also used for the host and sign key files,
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while the trusted name is used for the identity files.
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.Pp
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All files are installed by default in the keys directory
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.Pa /usr/local/etc ,
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which is normally in a shared filesystem
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in NFS\-mounted networks.
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The actual location of the keys directory
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and each file can be overridden by configuration commands,
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but this is not recommended.
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Normally, the files for each host are generated by that host
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and used only by that host, although exceptions exist
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as noted later on this page.
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.Pp
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Normally, files containing private values,
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including the host key, sign key and identification parameters,
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are permitted root read/write\-only;
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while others containing public values are permitted world readable.
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Alternatively, files containing private values can be encrypted
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and these files permitted world readable,
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which simplifies maintenance in shared file systems.
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Since uniqueness is insured by the
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.Ar hostname
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and
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.Ar filestamp
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file name extensions, the files for an NTP server and
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dependent clients can all be installed in the same shared directory.
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.Pp
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The recommended practice is to keep the file name extensions
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when installing a file and to install a soft link
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from the generic names specified elsewhere on this page
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to the generated files.
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This allows new file generations to be activated simply
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by changing the link.
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If a link is present,
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.Xr ntpd 8
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follows it to the file name to extract the
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.Ar filestamp .
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If a link is not present,
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.Xr ntpd 8
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extracts the
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.Ar filestamp
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from the file itself.
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This allows clients to verify that the file and generation times
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are always current.
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The
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.Nm
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program uses the same
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.Ar filestamp
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extension for all files generated
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at one time, so each generation is distinct and can be readily
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recognized in monitoring data.
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.Pp
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Run the command on as many hosts as necessary.
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Designate one of them as the trusted host (TH) using
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.Nm
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with the
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.Fl T
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option and configure it to synchronize from reliable Internet servers.
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Then configure the other hosts to synchronize to the TH directly or
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indirectly.
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A certificate trail is created when Autokey asks the immediately
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ascendant host towards the TH to sign its certificate, which is then
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provided to the immediately descendant host on request.
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All group hosts should have acyclic certificate trails ending on the TH.
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.Pp
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The host key is used to encrypt the cookie when required and so must be
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RSA type.
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By default, the host key is also the sign key used to encrypt
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signatures.
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A different sign key can be assigned using the
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.Fl S
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option and this can be either
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.Cm RSA
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or
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.Cm DSA
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type.
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By default, the signature
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message digest type is
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.Cm MD5 ,
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but any combination of sign key type and
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message digest type supported by the OpenSSL library can be specified
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using the
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.Fl c
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option.
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.Pp
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The rules say cryptographic media should be generated with proventic
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filestamps, which means the host should already be synchronized before
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this program is run.
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This of course creates a chicken\-and\-egg problem
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when the host is started for the first time.
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Accordingly, the host time
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should be set by some other means, such as eyeball\-and\-wristwatch, at
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least so that the certificate lifetime is within the current year.
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After that and when the host is synchronized to a proventic source, the
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certificate should be re\-generated.
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.Pp
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Additional information on trusted groups and identity schemes is on the
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.Dq Autokey Public\-Key Authentication
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page.
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.Pp
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File names begin with the prefix
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.Pa ntpkey Ns _
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and end with the suffix
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.Pa _ Ns Ar hostname . Ar filestamp ,
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where
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.Ar hostname
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is the owner name, usually the string returned
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by the Unix
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.Xr hostname 1
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command, and
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.Ar filestamp
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is the NTP seconds when the file was generated, in decimal digits.
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This both guarantees uniqueness and simplifies maintenance
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procedures, since all files can be quickly removed
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by a
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.Ic rm Pa ntpkey\&*
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command or all files generated
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at a specific time can be removed by a
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.Ic rm Pa \&* Ns Ar filestamp
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command.
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To further reduce the risk of misconfiguration,
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the first two lines of a file contain the file name
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and generation date and time as comments.
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.Ss Trusted Hosts and Groups
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Each cryptographic configuration involves selection of a signature scheme
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and identification scheme, called a cryptotype,
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as explained in the
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.Sx Authentication Options
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section of
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.Xr ntp.conf 5 .
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The default cryptotype uses
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.Cm RSA
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encryption,
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.Cm MD5
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message digest
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and
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.Cm TC
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identification.
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First, configure a NTP subnet including one or more low\-stratum
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trusted hosts from which all other hosts derive synchronization
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directly or indirectly.
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Trusted hosts have trusted certificates;
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all other hosts have nontrusted certificates.
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These hosts will automatically and dynamically build authoritative
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certificate trails to one or more trusted hosts.
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A trusted group is the set of all hosts that have, directly or indirectly,
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a certificate trail ending at a trusted host.
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The trail is defined by static configuration file entries
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or dynamic means described on the
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.Sx Automatic NTP Configuration Options
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section of
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.Xr ntp.conf 5 .
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.Pp
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On each trusted host as root, change to the keys directory.
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To insure a fresh fileset, remove all
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.Pa ntpkey
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files.
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Then run
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.Nm
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.Fl T
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to generate keys and a trusted certificate.
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On all other hosts do the same, but leave off the
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.Fl T
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flag to generate keys and nontrusted certificates.
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When complete, start the NTP daemons beginning at the lowest stratum
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and working up the tree.
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It may take some time for Autokey to instantiate the certificate trails
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throughout the subnet, but setting up the environment is completely automatic.
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.Pp
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If it is necessary to use a different sign key or different digest/signature
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scheme than the default, run
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.Nm
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with the
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.Fl S Ar type
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option, where
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.Ar type
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is either
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.Cm RSA
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or
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.Cm DSA .
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The most frequent need to do this is when a
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.Cm DSA Ns \-signed
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certificate is used.
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If it is necessary to use a different certificate scheme than the default,
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run
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.Nm
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with the
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.Fl c Ar scheme
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option and selected
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.Ar scheme
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as needed.
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If
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.Nm
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is run again without these options, it generates a new certificate
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using the same scheme and sign key, and soft link.
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.Pp
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After setting up the environment it is advisable to update certificates
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from time to time, if only to extend the validity interval.
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Simply run
|
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.Nm
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with the same flags as before to generate new certificates
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using existing keys, and soft links.
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However, if the host or sign key is changed,
|
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.Xr ntpd 8
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should be restarted.
|
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When
|
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.Xr ntpd 8
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is restarted, it loads any new files and restarts the protocol.
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Other dependent hosts will continue as usual until signatures are refreshed,
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at which time the protocol is restarted.
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.Ss Identity Schemes
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|
As mentioned on the Autonomous Authentication page,
|
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the default
|
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.Cm TC
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identity scheme is vulnerable to a middleman attack.
|
|
However, there are more secure identity schemes available,
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including
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.Cm PC , IFF , GQ
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and
|
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.Cm MV
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schemes described below.
|
|
These schemes are based on a TA, one or more trusted hosts
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and some number of nontrusted hosts.
|
|
Trusted hosts prove identity using values provided by the TA,
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|
while the remaining hosts prove identity using values provided
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|
by a trusted host and certificate trails that end on that host.
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The name of a trusted host is also the name of its sugroup
|
|
and also the subject and issuer name on its trusted certificate.
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|
The TA is not necessarily a trusted host in this sense, but often is.
|
|
.Pp
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|
In some schemes there are separate keys for servers and clients.
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|
A server can also be a client of another server,
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|
but a client can never be a server for another client.
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|
In general, trusted hosts and nontrusted hosts that operate
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|
as both server and client have parameter files that contain
|
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both server and client keys.
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|
Hosts that operate
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only as clients have key files that contain only client keys.
|
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.Pp
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|
The PC scheme supports only one trusted host in the group.
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On trusted host alice run
|
|
.Nm
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|
.Fl P
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|
.Fl p Ar password
|
|
to generate the host key file
|
|
.Pa ntpkey Ns _ Cm RSA Pa key_alice. Ar filestamp
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|
and trusted private certificate file
|
|
.Pa ntpkey Ns _ Cm RSA\-MD5 _ Pa cert_alice. Ar filestamp ,
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and soft links.
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|
Copy both files to all group hosts;
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they replace the files which would be generated in other schemes.
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|
On each host
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.Ar bob
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|
install a soft link from the generic name
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.Pa ntpkey_host_ Ns Ar bob
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|
to the host key file and soft link
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.Pa ntpkey_cert_ Ns Ar bob
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|
to the private certificate file.
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|
Note the generic links are on bob, but point to files generated
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by trusted host alice.
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|
In this scheme it is not possible to refresh
|
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either the keys or certificates without copying them
|
|
to all other hosts in the group, and recreating the soft links.
|
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.Pp
|
|
For the
|
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.Cm IFF
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|
scheme proceed as in the
|
|
.Cm TC
|
|
scheme to generate keys
|
|
and certificates for all group hosts, then for every trusted host in the group,
|
|
generate the
|
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.Cm IFF
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parameter file.
|
|
On trusted host alice run
|
|
.Nm
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|
.Fl T
|
|
.Fl I
|
|
.Fl p Ar password
|
|
to produce her parameter file
|
|
.Pa ntpkey_IFFpar_alice. Ns Ar filestamp ,
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|
which includes both server and client keys.
|
|
Copy this file to all group hosts that operate as both servers
|
|
and clients and install a soft link from the generic
|
|
.Pa ntpkey_iff_alice
|
|
to this file.
|
|
If there are no hosts restricted to operate only as clients,
|
|
there is nothing further to do.
|
|
As the
|
|
.Cm IFF
|
|
scheme is independent
|
|
of keys and certificates, these files can be refreshed as needed.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If a rogue client has the parameter file, it could masquerade
|
|
as a legitimate server and present a middleman threat.
|
|
To eliminate this threat, the client keys can be extracted
|
|
from the parameter file and distributed to all restricted clients.
|
|
After generating the parameter file, on alice run
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Fl e
|
|
and pipe the output to a file or email program.
|
|
Copy or email this file to all restricted clients.
|
|
On these clients install a soft link from the generic
|
|
.Pa ntpkey_iff_alice
|
|
to this file.
|
|
To further protect the integrity of the keys,
|
|
each file can be encrypted with a secret password.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
For the
|
|
.Cm GQ
|
|
scheme proceed as in the
|
|
.Cm TC
|
|
scheme to generate keys
|
|
and certificates for all group hosts, then for every trusted host
|
|
in the group, generate the
|
|
.Cm IFF
|
|
parameter file.
|
|
On trusted host alice run
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Fl T
|
|
.Fl G
|
|
.Fl p Ar password
|
|
to produce her parameter file
|
|
.Pa ntpkey_GQpar_alice. Ns Ar filestamp ,
|
|
which includes both server and client keys.
|
|
Copy this file to all group hosts and install a soft link
|
|
from the generic
|
|
.Pa ntpkey_gq_alice
|
|
to this file.
|
|
In addition, on each host
|
|
.Ar bob
|
|
install a soft link
|
|
from generic
|
|
.Pa ntpkey_gq_ Ns Ar bob
|
|
to this file.
|
|
As the
|
|
.Cm GQ
|
|
scheme updates the
|
|
.Cm GQ
|
|
parameters file and certificate
|
|
at the same time, keys and certificates can be regenerated as needed.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
For the
|
|
.Cm MV
|
|
scheme, proceed as in the
|
|
.Cm TC
|
|
scheme to generate keys
|
|
and certificates for all group hosts.
|
|
For illustration assume trish is the TA, alice one of several trusted hosts
|
|
and bob one of her clients.
|
|
On TA trish run
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Fl V Ar n
|
|
.Fl p Ar password ,
|
|
where
|
|
.Ar n
|
|
is the number of revokable keys (typically 5) to produce
|
|
the parameter file
|
|
.Pa ntpkeys_MVpar_trish. Ns Ar filestamp
|
|
and client key files
|
|
.Pa ntpkeys_MVkey Ns Ar d _ Pa trish. Ar filestamp
|
|
where
|
|
.Ar d
|
|
is the key number (0 \&<
|
|
.Ar d
|
|
\&<
|
|
.Ar n ) .
|
|
Copy the parameter file to alice and install a soft link
|
|
from the generic
|
|
.Pa ntpkey_mv_alice
|
|
to this file.
|
|
Copy one of the client key files to alice for later distribution
|
|
to her clients.
|
|
It does not matter which client key file goes to alice,
|
|
since they all work the same way.
|
|
Alice copies the client key file to all of her clients.
|
|
On client bob install a soft link from generic
|
|
.Pa ntpkey_mvkey_bob
|
|
to the client key file.
|
|
As the
|
|
.Cm MV
|
|
scheme is independent of keys and certificates,
|
|
these files can be refreshed as needed.
|
|
.Ss Command Line Options
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Fl b Fl \-imbits Ns = Ar modulus
|
|
Set the number of bits in the identity modulus for generating identity keys to
|
|
.Ar modulus
|
|
bits.
|
|
The number of bits in the identity modulus defaults to 256, but can be set to
|
|
values from 256 to 2048 (32 to 256 octets).
|
|
Use the larger moduli with caution, as this can consume considerable computing
|
|
resources and increases the size of authenticated packets.
|
|
.It Fl c Fl \-certificate Ns = Ar scheme
|
|
Select certificate signature encryption/message digest scheme.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar scheme
|
|
can be one of the following:
|
|
.Cm RSA\-MD2 , RSA\-MD5 , RSA\-MDC2 , RSA\-SHA , RSA\-SHA1 , RSA\-RIPEMD160 , DSA\-SHA ,
|
|
or
|
|
.Cm DSA\-SHA1 .
|
|
Note that
|
|
.Cm RSA
|
|
schemes must be used with an
|
|
.Cm RSA
|
|
sign key and
|
|
.Cm DSA
|
|
schemes must be used with a
|
|
.Cm DSA
|
|
sign key.
|
|
The default without this option is
|
|
.Cm RSA\-MD5 .
|
|
If compatibility with FIPS 140\-2 is required, either the
|
|
.Cm DSA\-SHA
|
|
or
|
|
.Cm DSA\-SHA1
|
|
scheme must be used.
|
|
.It Fl C Fl \-cipher Ns = Ar cipher
|
|
Select the OpenSSL cipher to encrypt the files containing private keys.
|
|
The default without this option is three\-key triple DES in CBC mode,
|
|
.Cm des\-ede3\-cbc .
|
|
The
|
|
.Ic openssl Fl h
|
|
command provided with OpenSSL displays available ciphers.
|
|
.It Fl d Fl \-debug\-level
|
|
Increase debugging verbosity level.
|
|
This option displays the cryptographic data produced in eye\-friendly billboards.
|
|
.It Fl D Fl \-set\-debug\-level Ns = Ar level
|
|
Set the debugging verbosity to
|
|
.Ar level .
|
|
This option displays the cryptographic data produced in eye\-friendly billboards.
|
|
.It Fl e Fl \-id\-key
|
|
Write the
|
|
.Cm IFF
|
|
or
|
|
.Cm GQ
|
|
public parameters from the
|
|
.Ar IFFkey or GQkey
|
|
client keys file previously specified
|
|
as unencrypted data to the standard output stream
|
|
.Pa stdout .
|
|
This is intended for automatic key distribution by email.
|
|
.It Fl G Fl \-gq\-params
|
|
Generate a new encrypted
|
|
.Cm GQ
|
|
parameters and key file for the Guillou\-Quisquater (GQ) identity scheme.
|
|
This option is mutually exclusive with the
|
|
.Fl I
|
|
and
|
|
.Fl V
|
|
options.
|
|
.It Fl H Fl \-host\-key
|
|
Generate a new encrypted
|
|
.Cm RSA
|
|
public/private host key file.
|
|
.It Fl I Fl \-iffkey
|
|
Generate a new encrypted
|
|
.Cm IFF
|
|
key file for the Schnorr (IFF) identity scheme.
|
|
This option is mutually exclusive with the
|
|
.Fl G
|
|
and
|
|
Fl V
|
|
options.
|
|
.It Fl i Fl \-ident Ns = Ar group
|
|
Set the optional Autokey group name to
|
|
.Ar group .
|
|
This is used in the identity scheme parameter file names of
|
|
.Cm IFF , GQ ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Cm MV
|
|
client parameters files.
|
|
In that role, the default is the host name if no group is provided.
|
|
The group name, if specified using
|
|
.Fl i
|
|
or
|
|
.Fl s
|
|
following an
|
|
.Ql @
|
|
character, is also used in certificate subject and issuer names in the form
|
|
.Ar host @ group
|
|
and should match the group specified via
|
|
.Ic crypto Cm ident
|
|
or
|
|
.Ic server Cm ident
|
|
in the ntpd configuration file.
|
|
.It Fl l Fl \-lifetime Ns = Ar days
|
|
Set the lifetime for certificate expiration to
|
|
.Ar days .
|
|
The default lifetime is one year (365 days).
|
|
.It Fl m Fl \-modulus Ns = Ar bits
|
|
Set the number of bits in the prime modulus for generating files to
|
|
.Ar bits .
|
|
The modulus defaults to 512, but can be set from 256 to 2048 (32 to 256 octets).
|
|
Use the larger moduli with caution, as this can consume considerable computing
|
|
resources and increases the size of authenticated packets.
|
|
.It Fl M Fl \-md5key
|
|
Generate a new symmetric keys file containing 10
|
|
.Cm MD5
|
|
keys, and if OpenSSL is available, 10
|
|
.Cm SHA
|
|
keys.
|
|
An
|
|
.Cm MD5
|
|
key is a string of 20 random printable ASCII characters, while a
|
|
.Cm SHA
|
|
key is a string of 40 random hex digits.
|
|
The file can be edited using a text editor to change the key type or key content.
|
|
This option is mutually exclusive with all other options.
|
|
.It Fl p Fl \-password Ns = Ar passwd
|
|
Set the password for reading and writing encrypted files to
|
|
.Ar passwd .
|
|
These include the host, sign and identify key files.
|
|
By default, the password is the string returned by the Unix
|
|
.Ic hostname
|
|
command.
|
|
.It Fl P Fl \-pvt\-cert
|
|
Generate a new private certificate used by the
|
|
.Cm PC
|
|
identity scheme.
|
|
By default, the program generates public certificates.
|
|
Note: the PC identity scheme is not recommended for new installations.
|
|
.It Fl q Fl \-export\-passwd Ns = Ar passwd
|
|
Set the password for writing encrypted
|
|
.Cm IFF , GQ and MV
|
|
identity files redirected to
|
|
.Pa stdout
|
|
to
|
|
.Ar passwd .
|
|
In effect, these files are decrypted with the
|
|
.Fl p
|
|
password, then encrypted with the
|
|
.Fl q
|
|
password.
|
|
By default, the password is the string returned by the Unix
|
|
.Ic hostname
|
|
command.
|
|
.It Fl s Fl \-subject\-key Ns = Ar Oo host Oc Op @ Ar group
|
|
Specify the Autokey host name, where
|
|
.Ar host
|
|
is the optional host name and
|
|
.Ar group
|
|
is the optional group name.
|
|
The host name, and if provided, group name are used in
|
|
.Ar host @ group
|
|
form as certificate subject and issuer.
|
|
Specifying
|
|
.Fl s @ Ar group
|
|
is allowed, and results in leaving the host name unchanged, as with
|
|
.Fl i Ar group .
|
|
The group name, or if no group is provided, the host name are also used in the
|
|
file names of
|
|
.Cm IFF , GQ ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Cm MV
|
|
identity scheme client parameter files.
|
|
If
|
|
.Ar host
|
|
is not specified, the default host name is the string returned by the Unix
|
|
.Ic hostname
|
|
command.
|
|
.It Fl S Fl \-sign\-key Ns = Op Cm RSA | DSA
|
|
Generate a new encrypted public/private sign key file of the specified type.
|
|
By default, the sign key is the host key and has the same type.
|
|
If compatibility with FIPS 140\-2 is required, the sign key type must be
|
|
.Cm DSA .
|
|
.It Fl T Fl \-trusted\-cert
|
|
Generate a trusted certificate.
|
|
By default, the program generates a non\-trusted certificate.
|
|
.It Fl V Fl \-mv\-params Ar nkeys
|
|
Generate
|
|
.Ar nkeys
|
|
encrypted server keys and parameters for the Mu\-Varadharajan (MV)
|
|
identity scheme.
|
|
This option is mutually exclusive with the
|
|
.Fl I
|
|
and
|
|
.Fl G
|
|
options.
|
|
Note: support for this option should be considered a work in progress.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Ss Random Seed File
|
|
All cryptographically sound key generation schemes must have means
|
|
to randomize the entropy seed used to initialize
|
|
the internal pseudo\-random number generator used
|
|
by the library routines.
|
|
The OpenSSL library uses a designated random seed file for this purpose.
|
|
The file must be available when starting the NTP daemon and
|
|
.Nm
|
|
program.
|
|
If a site supports OpenSSL or its companion OpenSSH,
|
|
it is very likely that means to do this are already available.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
It is important to understand that entropy must be evolved
|
|
for each generation, for otherwise the random number sequence
|
|
would be predictable.
|
|
Various means dependent on external events, such as keystroke intervals,
|
|
can be used to do this and some systems have built\-in entropy sources.
|
|
Suitable means are described in the OpenSSL software documentation,
|
|
but are outside the scope of this page.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The entropy seed used by the OpenSSL library is contained in a file,
|
|
usually called
|
|
.Pa .rnd ,
|
|
which must be available when starting the NTP daemon
|
|
or the
|
|
.Nm
|
|
program.
|
|
The NTP daemon will first look for the file
|
|
using the path specified by the
|
|
.Cm randfile
|
|
subcommand of the
|
|
.Ic crypto
|
|
configuration command.
|
|
If not specified in this way, or when starting the
|
|
.Nm
|
|
program,
|
|
the OpenSSL library will look for the file using the path specified
|
|
by the
|
|
.Ev RANDFILE
|
|
environment variable in the user home directory,
|
|
whether root or some other user.
|
|
If the
|
|
.Ev RANDFILE
|
|
environment variable is not present,
|
|
the library will look for the
|
|
.Pa .rnd
|
|
file in the user home directory.
|
|
Since both the
|
|
.Nm
|
|
program and
|
|
.Xr ntpd 8
|
|
daemon must run as root, the logical place to put this file is in
|
|
.Pa /.rnd
|
|
or
|
|
.Pa /root/.rnd .
|
|
If the file is not available or cannot be written,
|
|
the daemon exits with a message to the system log and the program
|
|
exits with a suitable error message.
|
|
.Ss Cryptographic Data Files
|
|
All file formats begin with two nonencrypted lines.
|
|
The first line contains the file name, including the generated host name
|
|
and filestamp, in the format
|
|
.Pa ntpkey_ Ns Ar key _ Ar name . Ar filestamp ,
|
|
where
|
|
.Ar key
|
|
is the key or parameter type,
|
|
.Ar name
|
|
is the host or group name and
|
|
.Ar filestamp
|
|
is the filestamp (NTP seconds) when the file was created.
|
|
By convention,
|
|
.Ar key
|
|
names in generated file names include both upper and lower case
|
|
characters, while
|
|
.Ar key
|
|
names in generated link names include only lower case characters.
|
|
The filestamp is not used in generated link names.
|
|
The second line contains the datestamp in conventional Unix
|
|
.Pa date
|
|
format.
|
|
Lines beginning with
|
|
.Ql #
|
|
are considered comments and ignored by the
|
|
.Nm
|
|
program and
|
|
.Xr ntpd 8
|
|
daemon.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The remainder of the file contains cryptographic data, encoded first using ASN.1
|
|
rules, then encrypted if necessary, and finally written in PEM\-encoded
|
|
printable ASCII text, preceded and followed by MIME content identifier lines.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The format of the symmetric keys file, ordinarily named
|
|
.Pa ntp.keys ,
|
|
is somewhat different than the other files in the interest of backward compatibility.
|
|
Ordinarily, the file is generated by this program, but it can be constructed
|
|
and edited using an ordinary text editor.
|
|
.Bd -literal -unfilled -offset center
|
|
# ntpkey_MD5key_bk.ntp.org.3595864945
|
|
# Thu Dec 12 19:22:25 2013
|
|
1 MD5 L";Nw<\`.I<f4U0)247"i # MD5 key
|
|
2 MD5 &>l0%XXK9O'51VwV<xq~ # MD5 key
|
|
3 MD5 lb4zLW~d^!K:]RsD'qb6 # MD5 key
|
|
4 MD5 Yue:tL[+vR)M\`n~bY,'? # MD5 key
|
|
5 MD5 B;fx'Kgr/&4ZTbL6=RxA # MD5 key
|
|
6 MD5 4eYwa\`o}3i@@V@..R9!l # MD5 key
|
|
7 MD5 \`A.([h+;wTQ|xfi%Sn_! # MD5 key
|
|
8 MD5 45:V,r4]l6y^JH6"Sh?F # MD5 key
|
|
9 MD5 3\-5vcn*6l29DS?Xdsg)* # MD5 key
|
|
10 MD5 2late4Me # MD5 key
|
|
11 SHA1 a27872d3030a9025b8446c751b4551a7629af65c # SHA1 key
|
|
12 SHA1 21bc3b4865dbb9e920902abdccb3e04ff97a5e74 # SHA1 key
|
|
13 SHA1 2b7736fe24fef5ba85ae11594132ab5d6f6daba9 # SHA1 key
|
|
14 SHA a5332809c8878dd3a5b918819108a111509aeceb # SHA key
|
|
15 MD2 2fe16c88c760ff2f16d4267e36c1aa6c926e6964 # MD2 key
|
|
16 MD4 b2691811dc19cfc0e2f9bcacd74213f29812183d # MD4 key
|
|
17 MD5 e4d6735b8bdad58ec5ffcb087300a17f7fef1f7c # MD5 key
|
|
18 MDC2 a8d5e2315c025bf3a79174c87fbd10477de2eabc # MDC2 key
|
|
19 RIPEMD160 77ca332cafb30e3cafb174dcd5b80ded7ba9b3d2 # RIPEMD160 key
|
|
20 AES128CMAC f92ff73eee86c1e7dc638d6489a04e4e555af878 # AES128CMAC key
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.D1 Figure 1. Typical Symmetric Key File
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Figure 1 shows a typical symmetric keys file used by the reference
|
|
implementation.
|
|
Following the header the keys are entered one per line in the format
|
|
.D1 Ar keyno Ar type Ar key
|
|
where
|
|
.Ar keyno
|
|
is a positive integer in the range 1\-65535;
|
|
.Ar type
|
|
is the key type for the message digest algorithm, which in the absence of the
|
|
OpenSSL library must be
|
|
.Cm MD5
|
|
to designate the MD5 message digest algorithm;
|
|
if the OpenSSL library is installed, the key type can be any
|
|
message digest algorithm supported by that library;
|
|
however, if compatibility with FIPS 140\-2 is required,
|
|
the key type must be either
|
|
.Cm SHA
|
|
or
|
|
.Cm SHA1 ;
|
|
.Ar key
|
|
is the key itself,
|
|
which is a printable ASCII string 20 characters or less in length:
|
|
each character is chosen from the 93 printable characters
|
|
in the range 0x21 through 0x7e (
|
|
.Ql !
|
|
through
|
|
.Ql ~
|
|
\&) excluding space and the
|
|
.Ql #
|
|
character, and terminated by whitespace or a
|
|
.Ql #
|
|
character.
|
|
An OpenSSL key consists of a hex\-encoded ASCII string of 40 characters, which
|
|
is truncated as necessary.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Note that the keys used by the
|
|
.Xr ntpq 8
|
|
and
|
|
.Xr ntpdc 8
|
|
programs
|
|
are checked against passwords requested by the programs
|
|
and entered by hand, so it is generally appropriate to specify these keys
|
|
in human readable ASCII format.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
program generates a symmetric keys file
|
|
.Pa ntpkey_MD5key_ Ns Ar hostname Ns . Ns Ar filestamp .
|
|
Since the file contains private shared keys,
|
|
it should be visible only to root and distributed by secure means
|
|
to other subnet hosts.
|
|
The NTP daemon loads the file
|
|
.Pa ntp.keys ,
|
|
so
|
|
.Nm
|
|
installs a soft link from this name to the generated file.
|
|
Subsequently, similar soft links must be installed by manual
|
|
or automated means on the other subnet hosts.
|
|
While this file is not used with the Autokey Version 2 protocol,
|
|
it is needed to authenticate some remote configuration commands
|
|
used by the
|
|
.Xr ntpq 8
|
|
and
|
|
.Xr ntpdc 8
|
|
utilities.
|
|
.Sh "OPTIONS"
|
|
.Bl -tag
|
|
.It Fl b Ar imbits , Fl \-imbits Ns = Ns Ar imbits
|
|
identity modulus bits.
|
|
This option takes an integer number as its argument.
|
|
The value of
|
|
.Ar imbits
|
|
is constrained to being:
|
|
.in +4
|
|
.nf
|
|
.na
|
|
in the range 256 through 2048
|
|
.fi
|
|
.in -4
|
|
.sp
|
|
The number of bits in the identity modulus. The default is 256.
|
|
.It Fl c Ar scheme , Fl \-certificate Ns = Ns Ar scheme
|
|
certificate scheme.
|
|
.sp
|
|
scheme is one of
|
|
RSA\-MD2, RSA\-MD5, RSA\-MDC2, RSA\-SHA, RSA\-SHA1, RSA\-RIPEMD160,
|
|
DSA\-SHA, or DSA\-SHA1.
|
|
.sp
|
|
Select the certificate signature encryption/message digest scheme.
|
|
Note that RSA schemes must be used with a RSA sign key and DSA
|
|
schemes must be used with a DSA sign key. The default without
|
|
this option is RSA\-MD5.
|
|
.It Fl C Ar cipher , Fl \-cipher Ns = Ns Ar cipher
|
|
privatekey cipher.
|
|
.sp
|
|
Select the cipher which is used to encrypt the files containing
|
|
private keys. The default is three\-key triple DES in CBC mode,
|
|
equivalent to "\fB\-C des\-ede3\-cbc\fP". The openssl tool lists ciphers
|
|
available in "\fBopenssl \-h\fP" output.
|
|
.It Fl d , Fl \-debug\-level
|
|
Increase debug verbosity level.
|
|
This option may appear an unlimited number of times.
|
|
.sp
|
|
.It Fl D Ar number , Fl \-set\-debug\-level Ns = Ns Ar number
|
|
Set the debug verbosity level.
|
|
This option may appear an unlimited number of times.
|
|
This option takes an integer number as its argument.
|
|
.sp
|
|
.It Fl e , Fl \-id\-key
|
|
Write IFF or GQ identity keys.
|
|
.sp
|
|
Write the public parameters from the IFF or GQ client keys to
|
|
the standard output.
|
|
This is intended for automatic key distribution by email.
|
|
.It Fl G , Fl \-gq\-params
|
|
Generate GQ parameters and keys.
|
|
.sp
|
|
Generate parameters and keys for the GQ identification scheme,
|
|
obsoleting any that may exist.
|
|
.It Fl H , Fl \-host\-key
|
|
generate RSA host key.
|
|
.sp
|
|
Generate new host keys, obsoleting any that may exist.
|
|
.It Fl I , Fl \-iffkey
|
|
generate IFF parameters.
|
|
.sp
|
|
Generate parameters for the IFF identification scheme, obsoleting
|
|
any that may exist.
|
|
.It Fl i Ar group , Fl \-ident Ns = Ns Ar group
|
|
set Autokey group name.
|
|
.sp
|
|
Set the optional Autokey group name to name. This is used in
|
|
the file name of IFF, GQ, and MV client parameters files. In
|
|
that role, the default is the host name if this option is not
|
|
provided. The group name, if specified using \fB\-i/\-\-ident\fP or
|
|
using \fB\-s/\-\-subject\-name\fP following an '\fB@\fP' character,
|
|
is also a part of the self\-signed host certificate subject and
|
|
issuer names in the form \fBhost@group\fP and should match the
|
|
\'\fBcrypto ident\fP' or '\fBserver ident\fP' configuration in the
|
|
\fBntpd\fP configuration file.
|
|
.It Fl l Ar lifetime , Fl \-lifetime Ns = Ns Ar lifetime
|
|
set certificate lifetime.
|
|
This option takes an integer number as its argument.
|
|
.sp
|
|
Set the certificate expiration to lifetime days from now.
|
|
.It Fl m Ar modulus , Fl \-modulus Ns = Ns Ar modulus
|
|
prime modulus.
|
|
This option takes an integer number as its argument.
|
|
The value of
|
|
.Ar modulus
|
|
is constrained to being:
|
|
.in +4
|
|
.nf
|
|
.na
|
|
in the range 256 through 2048
|
|
.fi
|
|
.in -4
|
|
.sp
|
|
The number of bits in the prime modulus. The default is 512.
|
|
.It Fl M , Fl \-md5key
|
|
generate symmetric keys.
|
|
.sp
|
|
Generate symmetric keys, obsoleting any that may exist.
|
|
.It Fl P , Fl \-pvt\-cert
|
|
generate PC private certificate.
|
|
.sp
|
|
Generate a private certificate. By default, the program generates
|
|
public certificates.
|
|
.It Fl p Ar passwd , Fl \-password Ns = Ns Ar passwd
|
|
local private password.
|
|
.sp
|
|
Local files containing private data are encrypted with the
|
|
DES\-CBC algorithm and the specified password. The same password
|
|
must be specified to the local ntpd via the "crypto pw password"
|
|
configuration command. The default password is the local
|
|
hostname.
|
|
.It Fl q Ar passwd , Fl \-export\-passwd Ns = Ns Ar passwd
|
|
export IFF or GQ group keys with password.
|
|
.sp
|
|
Export IFF or GQ identity group keys to the standard output,
|
|
encrypted with the DES\-CBC algorithm and the specified password.
|
|
The same password must be specified to the remote ntpd via the
|
|
"crypto pw password" configuration command. See also the option
|
|
-\-id\-key (\-e) for unencrypted exports.
|
|
.It Fl s Ar host@group , Fl \-subject\-name Ns = Ns Ar host@group
|
|
set host and optionally group name.
|
|
.sp
|
|
Set the Autokey host name, and optionally, group name specified
|
|
following an '\fB@\fP' character. The host name is used in the file
|
|
name of generated host and signing certificates, without the
|
|
group name. The host name, and if provided, group name are used
|
|
in \fBhost@group\fP form for the host certificate subject and issuer
|
|
fields. Specifying '\fB\-s @group\fP' is allowed, and results in
|
|
leaving the host name unchanged while appending \fB@group\fP to the
|
|
subject and issuer fields, as with \fB\-i group\fP. The group name, or
|
|
if not provided, the host name are also used in the file names
|
|
of IFF, GQ, and MV client parameter files.
|
|
.It Fl S Ar sign , Fl \-sign\-key Ns = Ns Ar sign
|
|
generate sign key (RSA or DSA).
|
|
.sp
|
|
Generate a new sign key of the designated type, obsoleting any
|
|
that may exist. By default, the program uses the host key as the
|
|
sign key.
|
|
.It Fl T , Fl \-trusted\-cert
|
|
trusted certificate (TC scheme).
|
|
.sp
|
|
Generate a trusted certificate. By default, the program generates
|
|
a non\-trusted certificate.
|
|
.It Fl V Ar num , Fl \-mv\-params Ns = Ns Ar num
|
|
generate <num> MV parameters.
|
|
This option takes an integer number as its argument.
|
|
.sp
|
|
Generate parameters and keys for the Mu\-Varadharajan (MV)
|
|
identification scheme.
|
|
.It Fl v Ar num , Fl \-mv\-keys Ns = Ns Ar num
|
|
update <num> MV keys.
|
|
This option takes an integer number as its argument.
|
|
.sp
|
|
This option has not been fully documented.
|
|
.It Fl \&? , Fl \-help
|
|
Display usage information and exit.
|
|
.It Fl \&! , Fl \-more\-help
|
|
Pass the extended usage information through a pager.
|
|
.It Fl > Oo Ar cfgfile Oc , Fl \-save\-opts Oo Ns = Ns Ar cfgfile Oc
|
|
Save the option state to \fIcfgfile\fP. The default is the \fIlast\fP
|
|
configuration file listed in the \fBOPTION PRESETS\fP section, below.
|
|
The command will exit after updating the config file.
|
|
.It Fl < Ar cfgfile , Fl \-load\-opts Ns = Ns Ar cfgfile , Fl \-no\-load\-opts
|
|
Load options from \fIcfgfile\fP.
|
|
The \fIno\-load\-opts\fP form will disable the loading
|
|
of earlier config/rc/ini files. \fI\-\-no\-load\-opts\fP is handled early,
|
|
out of order.
|
|
.It Fl \-version Op Brq Ar v|c|n
|
|
Output version of program and exit. The default mode is `v', a simple
|
|
version. The `c' mode will print copyright information and `n' will
|
|
print the full copyright notice.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh "OPTION PRESETS"
|
|
Any option that is not marked as \fInot presettable\fP may be preset
|
|
by loading values from configuration ("RC" or ".INI") file(s) and values from
|
|
environment variables named:
|
|
.nf
|
|
\fBNTP_KEYGEN_<option\-name>\fP or \fBNTP_KEYGEN\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.ad
|
|
The environmental presets take precedence (are processed later than)
|
|
the configuration files.
|
|
The \fIhomerc\fP files are "\fI$HOME\fP", and "\fI.\fP".
|
|
If any of these are directories, then the file \fI.ntprc\fP
|
|
is searched for within those directories.
|
|
.Sh USAGE
|
|
.Sh "ENVIRONMENT"
|
|
See \fBOPTION PRESETS\fP for configuration environment variables.
|
|
.Sh "FILES"
|
|
See \fBOPTION PRESETS\fP for configuration files.
|
|
.Sh "EXIT STATUS"
|
|
One of the following exit values will be returned:
|
|
.Bl -tag
|
|
.It 0 " (EXIT_SUCCESS)"
|
|
Successful program execution.
|
|
.It 1 " (EXIT_FAILURE)"
|
|
The operation failed or the command syntax was not valid.
|
|
.It 66 " (EX_NOINPUT)"
|
|
A specified configuration file could not be loaded.
|
|
.It 70 " (EX_SOFTWARE)"
|
|
libopts had an internal operational error. Please report
|
|
it to autogen\-users@lists.sourceforge.net. Thank you.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh "AUTHORS"
|
|
The University of Delaware and Network Time Foundation
|
|
.Sh "COPYRIGHT"
|
|
Copyright (C) 1992\-2017 The University of Delaware and Network Time Foundation all rights reserved.
|
|
This program is released under the terms of the NTP license, <http://ntp.org/license>.
|
|
.Sh BUGS
|
|
It can take quite a while to generate some cryptographic values.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Please report bugs to http://bugs.ntp.org .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Please send bug reports to: http://bugs.ntp.org, bugs@ntp.org
|
|
.Sh NOTES
|
|
Portions of this document came from FreeBSD.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
This manual page was \fIAutoGen\fP\-erated from the \fBntp\-keygen\fP
|
|
option definitions.
|