469 lines
13 KiB
Groff
469 lines
13 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\" Copyright (c) 1976 Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois.
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)indent.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 7/1/93
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd July 1, 1993
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.Dt INDENT 1
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm indent
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.Nd indent and format C program source
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Ar input-file Op Ar output-file
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.Op Fl bad | Fl nbad
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.Op Fl bap | Fl nbap
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.Bk -words
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.Op Fl bbb | Fl nbbb
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.Ek
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.Op Fl \&bc | Fl nbc
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.Op Fl \&bl
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.Op Fl \&br
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.Op Fl c Ns Ar n
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.Op Fl \&cd Ns Ar n
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.Bk -words
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.Op Fl cdb | Fl ncdb
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.Ek
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.Op Fl \&ce | Fl nce
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.Op Fl \&ci Ns Ar n
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.Op Fl cli Ns Ar n
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.Op Fl d Ns Ar n
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.Op Fl \&di Ns Ar n
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.Bk -words
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.Op Fl fc1 | Fl nfc1
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.Op Fl fcb | Fl nfcb
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.Ek
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.Op Fl i Ns Ar n
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.Op Fl \&ip | Fl nip
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.Op Fl l Ns Ar n
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.Op Fl \&lc Ns Ar n
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.Op Fl \&lp | Fl nlp
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.Op Fl npro
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.Op Fl pcs | Fl npcs
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.Op Fl psl | Fl npsl
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.Op Fl \&sc | Fl nsc
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.Bk -words
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.Op Fl sob | Fl nsob
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.Ek
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.Op Fl \&st
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.Op Fl troff
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.Op Fl v | Fl \&nv
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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utility is a
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.Em C
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program formatter. It reformats the
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.Em C
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program in the
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.Ar input-file
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according to the switches. The switches which can be
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specified are described below. They may appear before or after the file
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names.
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.Pp
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.Sy NOTE :
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If you only specify an
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.Ar input-file ,
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the formatting is
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done `in-place', that is, the formatted file is written back into
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.Ar input-file
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and a backup copy of
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.Ar input-file
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is written in the current directory. If
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.Ar input-file
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is named
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.Sq Pa /blah/blah/file ,
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the backup file is named
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.Pa file.BAK .
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.Pp
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If
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.Ar output-file
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is specified,
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.Nm
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checks to make sure it is different from
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.Ar input-file .
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.Pp
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The options listed below control the formatting style imposed by
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.Nm .
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.Bl -tag -width Op
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.It Fl bad , nbad
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If
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.Fl bad
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is specified, a blank line is forced after every block of
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declarations. Default:
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.Fl nbad .
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.It Fl bap , nbap
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If
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.Fl bap
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is specified, a blank line is forced after every procedure body. Default:
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.Fl nbap .
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.It Fl bbb , nbbb
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If
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.Fl bbb
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is specified, a blank line is forced before every block comment. Default:
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.Fl nbbb .
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.It Fl \&bc , nbc
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If
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.Fl \&bc
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is specified, then a newline is forced after each comma in a declaration.
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.Fl nbc
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turns off this option. Default:
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.Fl \&nbc .
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.It Fl \&br , \&bl
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Specifying
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.Fl \&bl
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lines-up compound statements like this:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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if (...)
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{
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code
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}
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.Ed
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.Pp
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Specifying
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.Fl \&br
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(the default) makes them look like this:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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if (...) {
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code
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}
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.Ed
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.Pp
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.It Fl c Ns Ar n
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The column in which comments on code start. The default is 33.
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.It Fl cd Ns Ar n
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The column in which comments on declarations start. The default
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is for these comments to start in the same column as those on code.
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.It Fl cdb , ncdb
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Enables (disables) the placement of comment delimiters on blank lines. With
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this option enabled, comments look like this:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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/*
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* this is a comment
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*/
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.Ed
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.Pp
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Rather than like this:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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/* this is a comment */
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.Ed
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.Pp
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This only affects block comments, not comments to the right of
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code. The default is
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.Fl cdb .
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.It Fl ce , nce
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Enables (disables) forcing of `else's to cuddle up to the immediately preceding
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`}'. The default is
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.Fl \&ce .
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.It Fl \&ci Ns Ar n
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Sets the continuation indent to be
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.Ar n .
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Continuation
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lines will be indented that far from the beginning of the first line of the
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statement. Parenthesized expressions have extra indentation added to
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indicate the nesting, unless
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.Fl \&lp
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is in effect.
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.Fl \&ci
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defaults to the same value as
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.Fl i .
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.It Fl cli Ns Ar n
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Causes case labels to be indented
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.Ar n
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tab stops to the right of the containing
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.Ic switch
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statement.
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.Fl cli0.5
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causes case labels to be indented half a tab stop. The
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default is
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.Fl cli0 .
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.It Fl d Ns Ar n
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Controls the placement of comments which are not to the
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right of code. For example,
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.Fl \&d\&1
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means that such comments are placed one indentation level to the
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left of code. Specifying the default
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.Fl \&d\&0
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lines-up these comments with the code. See the section on comment
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indentation below.
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.It Fl \&di Ns Ar n
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Specifies the indentation, in character positions, from a declaration keyword
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to the following identifier. The default is
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.Fl di16 .
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.It Fl dj , ndj
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.Fl \&dj
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left justifies declarations.
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.Fl ndj
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indents declarations the same as code. The default is
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.Fl ndj .
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.It Fl \&ei , nei
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Enables (disables) special
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.Ic else-if
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processing. If it's enabled, an
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.Ic if
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following an
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.Ic else
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will have the same indentation as the preceding
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.Ic \&if
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statement. The default is
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.Fl ei .
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.It Fl fc1 , nfc1
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Enables (disables) the formatting of comments that start in column 1.
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Often, comments whose leading `/' is in column 1 have been carefully
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hand formatted by the programmer. In such cases,
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.Fl nfc1
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should be
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used. The default is
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.Fl fc1 .
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.It Fl fcb , nfcb
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Enables (disables) the formatting of block comments (ones that begin
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with `/*\\n').
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Often, block comments have been not so carefully hand formatted by the
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programmer, but reformatting that would just change the line breaks is not
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wanted.
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In such cases,
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.Fl nfcb
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should be used.
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Block comments are then handled like box comments.
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The default is
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.Fl fcb .
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.It Fl i Ns Ar n
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The number of spaces for one indentation level. The default is 8.
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.It Fl \&ip , nip
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Enables (disables) the indentation of parameter declarations from the left
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margin. The default is
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.Fl \&ip .
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.It Fl l Ns Ar n
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Maximum length of an output line. The default is 78.
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.It Fl \&lp , nlp
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Lines-up code surrounded by parenthesis in continuation lines. If a line
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has a left paren which is not closed on that line, then continuation lines
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will be lined up to start at the character position just after the left
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paren. For example, here is how a piece of continued code looks with
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.Fl nlp
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in effect:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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p1 = first_procedure(second_procedure(p2, p3),
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\ \ third_procedure(p4, p5));
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.Ed
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.Pp
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With
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.Fl lp
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in effect (the default) the code looks somewhat clearer:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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p1\ =\ first_procedure(second_procedure(p2,\ p3),
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\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ third_procedure(p4,\ p5));
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.Ed
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.Pp
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Inserting two more newlines we get:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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p1\ =\ first_procedure(second_procedure(p2,
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\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ p3),
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\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ third_procedure(p4,
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\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ p5));
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.Ed
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.It Fl npro
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Causes the profile files,
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.Sq Pa ./.indent.pro
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and
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.Sq Pa ~/.indent.pro ,
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to be ignored.
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.It Fl pcs , npcs
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If true
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.Pq Fl pcs
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all procedure calls will have a space inserted between
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the name and the `('. The default is
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.Fl npcs .
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.It Fl psl , npsl
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If true
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.Pq Fl psl
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the names of procedures being defined are placed in
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column 1 \- their types, if any, will be left on the previous lines. The
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default is
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.Fl psl .
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.It Fl \&sc , nsc
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Enables (disables) the placement of asterisks (`*'s) at the left edge of all
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comments. The default is
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.Fl sc .
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.It Fl sob , nsob
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If
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.Fl sob
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is specified, indent will swallow optional blank lines. You can use this to
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get rid of blank lines after declarations. Default:
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.Fl nsob .
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.It Fl \&st
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Causes
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.Nm
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to take its input from stdin and put its output to stdout.
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.It Fl T Ns Ar typename
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Adds
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.Ar typename
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to the list of type keywords. Names accumulate:
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.Fl T
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can be specified more than once. You need to specify all the typenames that
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appear in your program that are defined by
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.Ic typedef
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\- nothing will be
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harmed if you miss a few, but the program won't be formatted as nicely as
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it should. This sounds like a painful thing to have to do, but it's really
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a symptom of a problem in C:
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.Ic typedef
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causes a syntactic change in the
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language and
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.Nm
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can't find all
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instances of
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.Ic typedef .
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.It Fl troff
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Causes
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.Nm
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to format the program for processing by
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.Xr troff 1 .
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It will produce a fancy
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listing in much the same spirit as
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.Xr vgrind 1 .
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If the output file is not specified, the default is standard output,
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rather than formatting in place.
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.It Fl v , \&nv
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.Fl v
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turns on `verbose' mode;
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.Fl \&nv
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turns it off. When in verbose mode,
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.Nm
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reports when it splits one line of input into two or more lines of output,
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and gives some size statistics at completion. The default is
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.Fl \&nv .
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.El
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.Pp
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You may set up your own `profile' of defaults to
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.Nm
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by creating a file called
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.Pa .indent.pro
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in your login directory and/or the current directory and including
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whatever switches you like. A `.indent.pro' in the current directory takes
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precedence over the one in your login directory. If
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.Nm
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is run and a profile file exists, then it is read to set up the program's
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defaults. Switches on the command line, though, always override profile
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switches. The switches should be separated by spaces, tabs or newlines.
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.Pp
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.Ss Comments
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.Sq Em Box
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.Em comments .
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The
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.Nm
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utility
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assumes that any comment with a dash or star immediately after the start of
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comment (that is, `/*\-' or `/**') is a comment surrounded by a box of stars.
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Each line of such a comment is left unchanged, except that its indentation
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may be adjusted to account for the change in indentation of the first line
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of the comment.
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.Pp
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.Em Straight text .
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All other comments are treated as straight text.
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The
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.Nm
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utility fits as many words (separated by blanks, tabs, or newlines) on a
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line as possible. Blank lines break paragraphs.
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.Pp
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.Ss Comment indentation
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If a comment is on a line with code it is started in the `comment column',
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which is set by the
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.Fl c Ns Ns Ar n
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command line parameter. Otherwise, the comment is started at
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.Ar n
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indentation levels less than where code is currently being placed, where
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.Ar n
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is specified by the
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.Fl d Ns Ns Ar n
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command line parameter. If the code on a line extends past the comment
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column, the comment starts further to the right, and the right margin may be
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automatically extended in extreme cases.
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.Pp
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.Ss Preprocessor lines
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In general,
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.Nm
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leaves preprocessor lines alone. The only
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reformatting that it will do is to straighten up trailing comments. It
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leaves embedded comments alone. Conditional compilation
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.Pq Ic #ifdef...#endif
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is recognized and
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.Nm
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attempts to correctly
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compensate for the syntactic peculiarities introduced.
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.Pp
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.Ss C syntax
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The
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.Nm
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utility understands a substantial amount about the syntax of C, but it
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has a `forgiving' parser. It attempts to cope with the usual sorts of
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incomplete and misformed syntax. In particular, the use of macros like:
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.Pp
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.Dl #define forever for(;;)
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.Pp
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is handled properly.
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.Sh ENVIRONMENT
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The
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.Nm
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utility uses the
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.Ev HOME
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environment variable.
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width "./.indent.pro" -compact
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.It Pa ./.indent.pro
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profile file
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.It Pa ~/.indent.pro
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profile file
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.El
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Nm
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command appeared in
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.Bx 4.2 .
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.Sh BUGS
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The
|
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.Nm
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utility has even more switches than
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.Xr ls 1 .
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.Pp
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A common mistake that often causes grief is typing:
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.Pp
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.Dl indent *.c
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.Pp
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to the shell in an attempt to indent all the
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.Em C
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programs in a directory.
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This is probably a bug, not a feature.
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