e522571b79
This makes the left column narrower, leaving more space for the text. Reviewed By: debdrup, 0mp Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D33385
287 lines
6.4 KiB
Groff
287 lines
6.4 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)intro.3 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd December 18, 2021
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.Dt INTRO 3
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm intro
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.Nd introduction to the C libraries
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm cc
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.Op Ar flags
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.Ar
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.Op Fl llibrary
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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This section provides an overview of the C
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library functions, their error returns and other
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common definitions and concepts.
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Most of these functions are available from the C library,
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.Em libc .
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Other libraries, such as the math library,
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.Em libm ,
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must be indicated at compile time with the
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.Fl l
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option of the compiler.
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.Pp
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The various libraries (followed by the loader flag):
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.Bl -tag -width "libbluetooth"
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.It Em libbluetooth
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.Pq Fl l Ns Ar bluetooth
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The bluetooth library.
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See
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.Xr bluetooth 3 .
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.It Em libc
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.Pq Fl l Ns Ar c
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Standard C library functions.
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When using the C compiler
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.Xr cc 1 ,
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it is not necessary
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to supply the loader flag
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.Fl l Ns Ar c
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for these functions.
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There are several `libraries' or groups of functions included inside of
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.Em libc :
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.Bl -tag -width "XXXXXX"
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.It standard I/O routines
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see
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.Xr stdio 3
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.It database routines
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see
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.Xr db 3
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.It bit operators
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see
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.Xr bitstring 3
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.It string operators
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see
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.Xr string 3
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.It character tests and character operators
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.It storage allocation
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see
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.Xr mpool 3
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.It regular-expressions
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see
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.Xr regex 3
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.It remote procedure calls (RPC)
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see
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.Xr rpc 3
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.It time functions
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see
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.Xr time 3
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.It signal handling
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see
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.Xr signal 3
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.El
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.It Em libcalendar
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.Pq Fl l Ns Ar calendar
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The calendar arithmetic library.
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See
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.Xr calendar 3 .
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.It Em libcam
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.Pq Fl l Ns Ar cam
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The common access method user library.
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See
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.Xr cam 3 .
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.It Em libcrypt
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.Pq Fl l Ns Ar crypt
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The crypt library.
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See
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.Xr crypt 3 .
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.It Em libcurses
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.Pq Fl l Ns Ar curses Fl l Ns Ar termcap
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Terminal independent screen management routines
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for two dimensional non-bitmap display terminals.
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See
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.Xr ncurses 3 .
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.It Em libcuse
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.Pq Fl l Ns Ar cuse
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The userland character device library.
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See
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.Xr cuse 3 .
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.It Em libcompat
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.Pq Fl l Ns Ar compat
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Functions which are obsolete but are available for compatibility with
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.Bx 4.3 .
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In particular,
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a number of system call interfaces provided in previous releases of
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.Bx
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have been included for source code compatibility.
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Use of these routines should, for the most part, be avoided.
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The manual page entry for each compatibility routine
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indicates the proper interface to use.
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.It Em libdevinfo
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.Pq Fl l Ns Ar devinfo
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The Device and Resource Information Utility library.
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See
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.Xr devinfo 3 .
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.It Em libdevstat
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.Pq Fl l Ns Ar devstat
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The Device Statistics library.
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See
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.Xr devstat 3 .
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.It Em libdwarf
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.Pq Fl l Ns Ar dwarf
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The DWARF access library.
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See
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.Xr dwarf 3 .
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.It Em libelf
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.Pq Fl l Ns Ar elf
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The ELF access library.
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See
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.Xr elf 3 .
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.It Em libfetch
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.Pq Fl l Ns Ar fetch
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The file transfer library.
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See
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.Xr fetch 3 .
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.It Em libfigpar
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.Pq Fl l Ns Ar figpar
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The configuration file parsing library.
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See
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.Xr figpar 3 .
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.It Em libgpio
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.Pq Fl l Ns Ar gpio
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The general-purpose input output library (GPIO).
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See
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.Xr gpio 3 .
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.It Em libgssapi
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.Pq Fl l Ns Ar gssapi
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The generic security service application programming
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interface.
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See
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.Xr gssapi 3 .
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.It Em libjail
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.Pq Fl l Ns Ar jail
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The jail library.
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See
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.Xr jail 3 .
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.It Em libkvm
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.Pq Fl l Ns Ar kvm
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Functions used to access kernel memory are in this library.
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They can be used
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against both a running system and a crash dump.
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See
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.Xr kvm 3 .
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.It Em libl
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.Pq Fl l Ns Ar l
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The library for
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.Xr lex 1 .
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.It Em libm
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.Pq Fl l Ns Ar m
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The math library.
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See
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.Xr math 3 .
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.It Em libmd
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.Pq Fl l Ns Ar md
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The message digest library.
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See
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.Xr md4 3 ,
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.Xr md5 3 ,
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.Xr sha 3 ,
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.Xr sha256 3 ,
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.Xr sha512 3 ,
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.Xr ripemd 3 ,
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.Xr skein 3 .
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.It Em libmp
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.Pq Fl l Ns Ar mp
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.It Em libpam
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.Pq Fl l Ns Ar pam
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The pluggable authentication module library.
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See
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.Xr pam 3 .
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.It Em libpcap
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.Pq Fl l Ns Ar pcap
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The packet capture library.
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See
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.Xr pcap 3 .
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.It Em libpmc
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.Pq Fl l Ns Ar pmc
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The performance counters library.
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See
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.Xr pmc 3 .
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.It Em libpthread
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.Pq Fl l Ns Ar pthread
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The POSIX threads library.
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See
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.Xr pthread 3 .
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.It Em libsysdecode
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.Pq Fl l Ns Ar sysdecode
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The system argument decoding library.
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See
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.Xr sysdecode 3 .
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.It Em libtermcap
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.Pq Fl l Ns Ar termcap
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The terminal independent operation library package.
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See
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.Xr termcap 3 .
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.It Em libusb
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.Pq Fl l Ns Ar usb
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The USB access library.
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See
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.Xr usb 3 .
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.It Em libvgl
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.Pq Fl l Ns Ar vgl
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The video graphics library.
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See
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.Xr vgl 3 .
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.It Em liby
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.Pq Fl l Ns Ar y
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The library for
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.Xr yacc 1 .
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.It Em libz
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.Pq Fl l Ns Ar z
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The general-purpose data compression library.
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See
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.Xr zlib 3 .
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.El
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width /usr/lib/libm_p.a -compact
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.It Pa /usr/lib/libc.a
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the C library
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.It Pa /usr/lib/libc_p.a
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the C library compiled for profiling
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.It Pa /usr/lib/libm.a
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the math library
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.It Pa /usr/lib/libm_p.a
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the math library compiled for profiling
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr cc 1 ,
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.Xr ld 1 ,
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.Xr nm 1 ,
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.Xr intro 2 ,
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.Xr math 3 ,
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.Xr stdio 3
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.Sh HISTORY
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An
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.Nm
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manual appeared in
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.At v7 .
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