image up to. From ticket: While trying to run FreeBSD/mips on some device having very small flash media, one is forced to compress file system with mkulzma(8) utility. It is desirable to specify small UFS block/fragment sizes like 4096/512 bytes for makefs(8) and big compression block size like 65535 bytes to mkulzma at the same time. Then one obtains very good comression ratios (like 75% and more) but faces the following problem. geom_uncompress kernel module reports GEOM provider size rounded up to its compression block size. Generally, this changes original media size and now it fails to match the size of embedded UFS file system that leads to other problems, f.e. geom_label kernel module does not like this and skips the file system while tasting the GEOM and looking for UFS label. This makes it impossible to refer to the file system using known UFS label instead of something like /dev/map/rootfs.uncompress. The following patch introduces new command line option "-r roundup" for makefs that makes it round up the image to specified block size. Hence, geom_uncompress does not change GEOM media size for images rounded that way and geom_label accepts such GEOMs just fine. With the patch applied, one can use following commands: $ makefs -t ffs -r 65536 -o bsize=4096,fsize=512,label=flash optimization=space fs.img fs $ mkulzma -s 65536 -o fs.img.ulzma fs.img PR: bin/203707 Submitted by: <eugen@grosbein.net>
378 lines
9.6 KiB
Groff
378 lines
9.6 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: makefs.8,v 1.32 2009/01/20 20:47:25 bjh21 Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 2001-2003 Wasabi Systems, Inc.
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Written by Luke Mewburn for Wasabi Systems, Inc.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed for the NetBSD Project by
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.\" Wasabi Systems, Inc.
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.\" 4. The name of Wasabi Systems, Inc. may not be used to endorse
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.\" or promote products derived from this software without specific prior
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.\" written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY WASABI SYSTEMS, INC. ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
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.\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
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.\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL WASABI SYSTEMS, INC
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.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
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.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
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.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
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.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
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.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
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.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
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.\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd August 16, 2013
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.Dt MAKEFS 8
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm makefs
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.Nd create a file system image from a directory tree or a mtree manifest
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl DxZ
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.Op Fl B Ar byte-order
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.Op Fl b Ar free-blocks
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.Op Fl d Ar debug-mask
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.Op Fl F Ar specfile
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.Op Fl f Ar free-files
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.Op Fl M Ar minimum-size
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.Op Fl m Ar maximum-size
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.Op Fl N Ar userdb-dir
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.Op Fl o Ar fs-options
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.Op Fl r Ar roundup
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.Op Fl S Ar sector-size
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.Op Fl s Ar image-size
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.Op Fl t Ar fs-type
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.Ar image-file
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.Ar directory | manifest
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.Op Ar extra-directory ...
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The utility
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.Nm
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creates a file system image into
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.Ar image-file
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from the directory tree
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.Ar directory
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or from the mtree manifest
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.Ar manifest .
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If optional directory tree
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.Ar extra-directory
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is passed, then the directory tree of each argument will be merged
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into the
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.Ar directory
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or
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.Ar manifest
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first before creating
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.Ar image-file .
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No special devices or privileges are required to perform this task.
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.Pp
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The options are as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width flag
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.It Fl B Ar byte-order
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Set the byte order of the image to
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.Ar byte-order .
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Valid byte orders are
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.Ql 4321 ,
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.Ql big ,
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or
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.Ql be
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for big endian, and
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.Ql 1234 ,
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.Ql little ,
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or
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.Ql le
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for little endian.
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Some file systems may have a fixed byte order; in those cases this
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argument will be ignored.
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.It Fl b Ar free-blocks
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Ensure that a minimum of
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.Ar free-blocks
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free blocks exist in the image.
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An optional
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.Ql %
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suffix may be provided to indicate that
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.Ar free-blocks
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indicates a percentage of the calculated image size.
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.It Fl D
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Treat duplicate paths in an mtree manifest as warnings not error.
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.It Fl d Ar debug-mask
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Enable various levels of debugging, depending upon which bits are
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set in
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.Ar debug-mask .
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XXX: document these
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.It Fl F Ar specfile
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Use
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.Ar specfile
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as an
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.Xr mtree 8
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.Sq specfile
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specification.
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This option has no effect when the image is created from a mtree manifest
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rather than a directory.
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.Pp
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If a specfile entry exists in the underlying file system, its
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permissions and modification time will be used unless specifically
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overridden by the specfile.
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An error will be raised if the type of entry in the specfile
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conflicts with that of an existing entry.
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.Pp
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In the opposite case (where a specfile entry does not have an entry
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in the underlying file system) the following occurs:
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If the specfile entry is marked
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.Sy optional ,
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the specfile entry is ignored.
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Otherwise, the entry will be created in the image, and it is
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necessary to specify at least the following parameters in the
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specfile:
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.Sy type ,
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.Sy mode ,
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.Sy gname ,
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or
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.Sy gid ,
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and
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.Sy uname
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or
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.Sy uid ,
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and
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.Sy link
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(in the case of symbolic links).
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If
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.Sy time
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isn't provided, the current time will be used.
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If
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.Sy flags
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isn't provided, the current file flags will be used.
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Missing regular file entries will be created as zero-length files.
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.It Fl f Ar free-files
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Ensure that a minimum of
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.Ar free-files
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free files (inodes) exist in the image.
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An optional
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.Ql %
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suffix may be provided to indicate that
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.Ar free-files
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indicates a percentage of the calculated image size.
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.It Fl M Ar minimum-size
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Set the minimum size of the file system image to
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.Ar minimum-size .
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.It Fl m Ar maximum-size
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Set the maximum size of the file system image to
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.Ar maximum-size .
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An error will be raised if the target file system needs to be larger
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than this to accommodate the provided directory tree.
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.It Fl N Ar dbdir
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Use the user database text file
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.Pa master.passwd
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and group database text file
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.Pa group
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from
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.Ar dbdir ,
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rather than using the results from the system's
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.Xr getpwnam 3
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and
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.Xr getgrnam 3
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(and related) library calls.
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.It Fl o Ar fs-options
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Set file system specific options.
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.Ar fs-options
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is a comma separated list of options.
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Valid file system specific options are detailed below.
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.It Fl p
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Deprecated.
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See the
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.Fl Z
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flag.
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.It Fl r Ar roundup
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Round the image up to specified block size that should be multiple
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of block size.
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.It Fl S Ar sector-size
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Set the file system sector size to
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.Ar sector-size .
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.\" XXX: next line also true for cd9660?
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Defaults to 512.
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.It Fl s Ar image-size
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Set the size of the file system image to
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.Ar image-size .
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.It Fl t Ar fs-type
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Create an
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.Ar fs-type
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file system image.
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The following file system types are supported:
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.Bl -tag -width cd9660 -offset indent
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.It Sy ffs
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BSD fast file system (default).
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.It Sy cd9660
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ISO 9660 file system.
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.El
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.It Fl x
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Exclude file system nodes not explicitly listed in the specfile.
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.It Fl Z
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Create the image as a sparse file.
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.El
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.Pp
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Where sizes are specified, a decimal number of bytes is expected.
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Two or more numbers may be separated by an
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.Dq x
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to indicate a product.
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Each number may have one of the following optional suffixes:
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.Bl -tag -width 3n -offset indent -compact
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.It b
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Block; multiply by 512
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.It k
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Kibi; multiply by 1024 (1 KiB)
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.It m
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Mebi; multiply by 1048576 (1 MiB)
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.It g
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Gibi; multiply by 1073741824 (1 GiB)
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.It t
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Tebi; multiply by 1099511627776 (1 TiB)
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.It w
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Word; multiply by the number of bytes in an integer
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.El
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.\"
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.\"
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.Ss FFS-specific options
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.Sy ffs
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images have ffs-specific optional parameters that may be provided.
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Each of the options consists of a keyword, an equal sign
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.Pq Ql = ,
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and a value.
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The following keywords are supported:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width optimization -offset indent -compact
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.It Sy avgfilesize
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Expected average file size.
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.It Sy avgfpdir
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Expected number of files per directory.
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.It Sy bsize
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Block size.
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.It Sy density
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Bytes per inode.
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.It Sy fsize
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Fragment size.
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.It Sy label
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Label name of the image.
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.It Sy maxbpg
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Maximum blocks per file in a cylinder group.
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.It Sy minfree
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Minimum % free.
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.It Sy optimization
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Optimization preference; one of
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.Ql space
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or
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.Ql time .
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.It Sy extent
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Maximum extent size.
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.It Sy maxbpcg
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Maximum total number of blocks in a cylinder group.
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.It Sy version
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UFS version.
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1 for FFS (default), 2 for UFS2.
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.El
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.Ss CD9660-specific options
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.Sy cd9660
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images have ISO9660-specific optional parameters that may be
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provided.
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The arguments consist of a keyword and, optionally, an equal sign
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.Pq Ql = ,
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and a value.
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The following keywords are supported:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width omit-trailing-period -offset indent -compact
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.It Sy allow-deep-trees
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Allow the directory structure to exceed the maximum specified in
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the spec.
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.\" .It Sy allow-illegal-chars
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.\" Unknown
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.\" .It Sy allow-lowercase
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.\" Unknown
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.It Sy allow-max-name
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Allow 37 instead of 33 characters for filenames by omitting the
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version id.
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.It Sy allow-multidot
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Allow multiple dots in a filename.
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.It Sy applicationid
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Application ID of the image.
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.It Sy archimedes
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Use the
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.Ql ARCHIMEDES
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extension to encode
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.Tn RISC OS
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metadata.
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.It Sy chrp-boot
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Write an MBR partition table to the image to allow older CHRP hardware to
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boot.
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.It Sy boot-load-segment
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Set load segment for the boot image.
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.It Sy bootimage
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Filename of a boot image in the format
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.Dq sysid;filename ,
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where
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.Dq sysid
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is one of
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.Ql i386 ,
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.Ql mac68k ,
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.Ql macppc ,
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or
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.Ql powerpc .
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.It Sy generic-bootimage
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Load a generic boot image into the first 32K of the cd9660 image.
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.It Sy hard-disk-boot
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Boot image is a hard disk image.
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.It Sy keep-bad-images
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Do not throw away images whose write was aborted due to an error.
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For debugging purposes.
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.It Sy label
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Label name of the image.
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.It Sy no-boot
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Boot image is not bootable.
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.It Sy no-emul-boot
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Boot image is a
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.Dq no emulation
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ElTorito image.
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.It Sy no-trailing-padding
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Do not pad the image (apparently Linux needs the padding).
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.\" .It Sy omit-trailing-period
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.\" Unknown
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.It Sy preparer
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Preparer ID of the image.
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.It Sy publisher
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Publisher ID of the image.
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.It Sy rockridge
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Use RockRidge extensions (for longer filenames, etc.).
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.It Sy volumeid
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Volume set identifier of the image.
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr mtree 5 ,
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.Xr mtree 8 ,
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.Xr newfs 8
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Nm
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utility appeared in
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.Nx 1.6 .
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.Sh AUTHORS
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.An Luke Mewburn Aq Mt lukem@NetBSD.org
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(original program)
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.An Daniel Watt
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.An Walter Deignan
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.An Ryan Gabrys
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.An Alan Perez-Rathke
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.An Ram Vedam
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(cd9660 support)
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