246 lines
6.7 KiB
Groff
246 lines
6.7 KiB
Groff
.\"-
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.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993, 1994
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
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.\" the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)rm.1 8.5 (Berkeley) 12/5/94
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd October 31, 2010
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.Dt RM 1
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm rm ,
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.Nm unlink
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.Nd remove directory entries
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl f | i
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.Op Fl dIPRrvW
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.Ar
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.Nm unlink
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.Ar file
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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utility attempts to remove the non-directory type files specified on the
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command line.
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If the permissions of the file do not permit writing, and the standard
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input device is a terminal, the user is prompted (on the standard error
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output) for confirmation.
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.Pp
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The options are as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fl d
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Attempt to remove directories as well as other types of files.
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.It Fl f
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Attempt to remove the files without prompting for confirmation,
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regardless of the file's permissions.
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If the file does not exist, do not display a diagnostic message or modify
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the exit status to reflect an error.
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The
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.Fl f
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option overrides any previous
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.Fl i
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options.
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.It Fl i
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Request confirmation before attempting to remove each file, regardless of
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the file's permissions, or whether or not the standard input device is a
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terminal.
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The
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.Fl i
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option overrides any previous
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.Fl f
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options.
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.It Fl I
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Request confirmation once if more than three files are being removed or if a
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directory is being recursively removed.
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This is a far less intrusive option than
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.Fl i
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yet provides almost the same level of protection against mistakes.
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.It Fl P
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Overwrite regular files before deleting them.
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Files are overwritten three times, first with the byte pattern 0xff,
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then 0x00, and then 0xff again, before they are deleted.
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Files with multiple links will not be overwritten nor deleted
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and a warning will be issued.
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If the
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.Fl f
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option is specified, files with multiple links will also be overwritten
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and deleted.
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No warning will be issued.
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.Pp
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Specifying this flag for a read only file will cause
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.Nm
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to generate an error message and exit.
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The file will not be removed or overwritten.
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.Pp
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N.B.: The
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.Fl P
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flag is not considered a security feature
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.Pq see Sx BUGS .
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.It Fl R
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Attempt to remove the file hierarchy rooted in each
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.Ar file
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argument.
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The
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.Fl R
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option implies the
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.Fl d
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option.
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If the
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.Fl i
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option is specified, the user is prompted for confirmation before
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each directory's contents are processed (as well as before the attempt
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is made to remove the directory).
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If the user does not respond affirmatively, the file hierarchy rooted in
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that directory is skipped.
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.Pp
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.It Fl r
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Equivalent to
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.Fl R .
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.It Fl v
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Be verbose when deleting files, showing them as they are removed.
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.It Fl W
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Attempt to undelete the named files.
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Currently, this option can only be used to recover
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files covered by whiteouts in a union file system (see
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.Xr undelete 2 ) .
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.El
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.Pp
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The
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.Nm
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utility removes symbolic links, not the files referenced by the links.
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.Pp
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It is an error to attempt to remove the files
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.Pa / ,
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.Pa .\&
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or
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.Pa .. .
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.Pp
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When the utility is called as
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.Nm unlink ,
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only one argument,
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which must not be a directory,
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may be supplied.
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No options may be supplied in this simple mode of operation,
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which performs an
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.Xr unlink 2
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operation on the passed argument.
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.Sh EXIT STATUS
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The
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.Nm
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utility exits 0 if all of the named files or file hierarchies were removed,
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or if the
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.Fl f
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option was specified and all of the existing files or file hierarchies were
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removed.
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If an error occurs,
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.Nm
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exits with a value >0.
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.Sh NOTES
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The
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.Nm
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command uses
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.Xr getopt 3
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to parse its arguments, which allows it to accept
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the
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.Sq Li --
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option which will cause it to stop processing flag options at that
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point.
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This will allow the removal of file names that begin
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with a dash
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.Pq Sq - .
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For example:
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.Pp
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.Dl "rm -- -filename"
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.Pp
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The same behavior can be obtained by using an absolute or relative
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path reference.
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For example:
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.Pp
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.Dl "rm /home/user/-filename"
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.Dl "rm ./-filename"
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.Pp
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When
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.Fl P
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is specified with
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.Fl f
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the file will be overwritten and removed even if it has hard links.
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.Sh COMPATIBILITY
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The
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.Nm
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utility differs from historical implementations in that the
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.Fl f
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option only masks attempts to remove non-existent files instead of
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masking a large variety of errors.
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The
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.Fl v
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option is non-standard and its use in scripts is not recommended.
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.Pp
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Also, historical
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.Bx
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implementations prompted on the standard output,
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not the standard error output.
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr chflags 1 ,
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.Xr rmdir 1 ,
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.Xr undelete 2 ,
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.Xr unlink 2 ,
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.Xr fts 3 ,
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.Xr getopt 3 ,
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.Xr symlink 7
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.Sh STANDARDS
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The
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.Nm
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command conforms to
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.St -p1003.2 .
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.Pp
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The simplified
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.Nm unlink
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command conforms to
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.St -susv2 .
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.Sh HISTORY
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A
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.Nm
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command appeared in
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.At v1 .
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.Sh BUGS
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The
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.Fl P
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option assumes that the underlying storage overwrites file blocks
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when data is written to an existing offset.
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Several factors including the file system and its backing store could defeat
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this assumption.
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This includes, but is not limited to file systems that use a
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Copy-On-Write strategy (e.g. ZFS or UFS when snapshots are being used), Flash
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media that are using a wear leveling algorithm, or when the backing datastore
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does journaling, etc.
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In addition, only regular files are overwritten, other types of files are not.
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