820 lines
32 KiB
Plaintext
820 lines
32 KiB
Plaintext
<!-- $Id: install.sgml,v 1.35 1996/09/09 03:57:46 jkh Exp $ -->
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<!-- The FreeBSD Documentation Project -->
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<!--
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<!DOCTYPE linuxdoc PUBLIC '-//FreeBSD//DTD linuxdoc//EN'>
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-->
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<chapt><heading>Installing FreeBSD<label id="install"></heading>
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<p>So, you would like to try out FreeBSD on your system?
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This section is a quick-start guide for what you need to
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do. FreeBSD can be installed from a variety of media
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including CD-ROM, floppy disk, magnetic tape, an MS-DOS
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partition, and if you have a network connection, via
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anonymous ftp or NFS.
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Regardless of the installation media you choose, you can
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get started by downloading the <bf>installation disk</bf>
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as described below. Booting your computer with disk will
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provide important information about compatibility between
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FreeBSD and your hardware which could dictate which
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installation options are possible. It can also provide
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early clues to compatibility problems that could prevent
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FreeBSD running on your system at all. If you plan on
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installing via anonymous FTP, then this installation disk
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is all you need to download.
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For more information on obtaining the FreeBSD distribution
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itself, please see <ref id="mirrors" name="Obtaining
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FreeBSD"> in the Appendix.
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So, to get the show on the road, follow these steps:
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<enum>
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<item>Review the <ref id="install:hw" name="supported
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configurations"> section of this installation guide to
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be sure that your hardware is supported by FreeBSD. It
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may be helpful to make a list of any special cards you
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have installed, such as SCSI controllers, Ethernet
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adapters or sound cards. This list should include
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relevant configuration parameters such as interrupts
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(IRQ) and IO port addresses. </item>
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<item>Download the <url
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url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/&rel.current;-RELEASE/floppies/boot.flp"
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name="installation boot disk image"> file to your hard
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drive, and be sure to tell your browser to
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<em>save</em> rather than <em>display</em>.
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<bf>Note:</bf> This disk image can be used for
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<em>both</em> 1.44 megabyte 3.5 inch floppy disks and
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1.2 megabyte 5.25 inch floppy disks.</item>
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<item>Make the installation boot disk from the image file:
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<itemize>
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<item>If you are using MS-DOS download
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<url
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url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/tools/dos-tools/rawrite.exe"
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name="rawrite.exe">, then run it:
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<tscreen><verb>
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C:\> rawrite
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</verb></tscreen> The
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program will prompt you for the floppy drive
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containing the disk you want to write to (A: or
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B:) and the name of the file to put on disk (boot.flp).
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</item>
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<item>If you are using a UNIX system:
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<tscreen>
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% dd if=boot.flp of=<em>disk_device</em>
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</tscreen>
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where <em>disk_device</em> is the <tt>/dev</tt>
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entry for the floppy drive. On FreeBSD systems, this
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is <tt>/dev/fd0</tt> for the A: drive and
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<tt>/dev/fd1</tt> for the B: drive.
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</item>
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</itemize>
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</item>
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<item>With the installation disk in the A: drive, reboot your
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computer. You should get a boot prompt something like this:
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<tscreen>
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>> FreeBSD BOOT ...<newline>
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Usage: [[[0:][wd](0,a)]/kernel][-abcCdhrsv]<newline>
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Use 1:sd(0,a)kernel to boot sd0 if it is BIOS drive 1<newline>
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Use ? for file list or press Enter for defaults<newline>
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Boot:
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</tscreen>
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If you do <em>not</em> type anything, FreeBSD will automatically boot
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with its default configuration after a delay of about
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five seconds. As FreeBSD boots, it probes your computer
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to determine what hardware is installed. The results of
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this probing is displayed on the screen.
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</item>
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<item>When the booting process is finished, The main FreeBSD
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installation menu will be displayed.</item>
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</enum>
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<p><bf>If something goes wrong...</bf>
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<p>Due to limitations of the PC architecture, it is
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impossible for probing to be 100 percent reliable. In the event
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that your hardware is incorrectly identified, or that the
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probing causes your computer to lock up, first check the
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<ref id="install:hw" name="supported
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configurations"> section of this installation guide to be
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sure that your hardware is indeed supported by FreeBSD.
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<p>If your hardware is supported, reset the computer and when
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the <tt>Boot:</tt> prompt comes up, type <bf>-c</bf>. This puts
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FreeBSD into a configuration mode where you can supply
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hints about your hardware. The FreeBSD kernel on the
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installation disk is configured assuming that most hardware
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devices are in their factory default configuration in terms
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of IRQs, IO addresses and DMA channels. If your hardware
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has been reconfigured, you will most likely need to use the
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<bf>-c</bf> option at boot to tell FreeBSD where things are.
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<p>It is also possible that a probe for a device not present
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will cause a later probe for another device that is present
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to fail. In that case, the probes for the conflicting
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driver(s) should be disabled.
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<p>In the configuration mode, you can:
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<itemize>
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<item>List the device drivers installed in the kernel.</item>
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<item>Disable device drivers for hardware not present in your
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system.</item>
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<item>Change the IRQ, DRQ, and IO port addresses used by a
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device driver.</item>
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</itemize>
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<p>While at the <tt>config></tt> prompt, type
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<tt>help</tt> for more information on the available
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commands. After adjusting the kernel to match how you have
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your hardware configured, type <tt>quit</tt> at the
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<tt>config></tt> prompt to continue booting with the new
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settings.
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After FreeBSD has been installed, changes made in the
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configuration mode will be permanent so you do not have
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to reconfigure every time you boot. Even so, it is likely
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that you will want to build a custom kernel to optimize the
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performance of your system. See <ref id="kernelconfig"
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name="Kernel configuration"> for more information on
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creating custom kernels.
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<sect><heading>Supported Configurations<label id="install:hw"></heading>
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<p>FreeBSD currently runs on a wide variety of ISA, VLB,
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EISA and PCI bus based PC's, ranging from 386sx to
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Pentium class machines (though the 386sx is not
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recommended). Support for generic IDE or ESDI drive
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configurations, various SCSI controller, network and
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serial cards is also provided.
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A minimum of four megabytes of RAM is required to run FreeBSD.
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To run the X Window System, eight megabytes of RAM is the
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recommended minimum.
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Following is a list of all disk controllers and Ethernet
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cards currently known to work with FreeBSD. Other
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configurations may very well work, and we have simply not
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received any indication of this.
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<sect1><heading>Disk Controllers</heading>
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<p>
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<itemize>
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<item>WD1003 (any generic MFM/RLL)
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<item>WD1007 (any generic IDE/ESDI)
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<item>IDE
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<item>ATA
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<item>Adaptec 152x series ISA SCSI controllers
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<item>Adaptec 154x series ISA SCSI controllers
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<item>Adaptec 174x series EISA SCSI controller in
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standard and enhanced mode.
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<item>Adaptec 274x/284x/2940/3940
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(Narrow/Wide/Twin)
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series EISA/VLB/PCI SCSI controllers
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<item>Adaptec AIC7850 on-board SCSI controllers
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<item>Adaptec
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<!-- AIC-6260 and - actually not working, joerg -->
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AIC-6360 based boards,
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which includes the AHA-152x and SoundBlaster SCSI
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cards.
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<bf>Note:</bf> You cannot boot from the
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SoundBlaster cards as they have no on-board BIOS,
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which is necessary for mapping the boot device into
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the system BIOS I/O vectors. They are perfectly
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usable for external tapes, CDROMs, etc, however.
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The same goes for any other AIC-6x60 based card
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without a boot ROM. Some systems DO have a boot
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ROM, which is generally indicated by some sort of
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message when the system is first powered up or
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reset. Check your system/board documentation for
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more details.
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<item>Buslogic 545S & 545c
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<bf>Note:</bf> that Buslogic was formerly known as "Bustek".
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<item>Buslogic 445S/445c VLB SCSI controller
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<item>Buslogic 742A/747S/747c EISA SCSI controller.
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<item>Buslogic 946c PCI SCSI controller
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<item>Buslogic 956c PCI SCSI controller
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<item>NCR 53C810/53C815/53C825/53C860/53C875 PCI SCSI controller.
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<item>NCR5380/NCR53400 (``ProAudio Spectrum'') SCSI controller.
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<item>DTC 3290 EISA SCSI controller in 1542 emulation mode.
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<item>UltraStor 14F/24F/34F SCSI controllers.
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<item>Seagate ST01/02 SCSI controllers.
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<item>Future Domain 8xx/950 series SCSI controllers.
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<item>WD7000 SCSI controllers.
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</itemize>
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With all supported SCSI controllers, full support is
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provided for SCSI-I & SCSI-II peripherals,
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including Disks, tape drives (including DAT) and CD ROM
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drives.
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The following CD-ROM type systems are supported at this
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time:
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<itemize>
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<item>SoundBlaster SCSI and ProAudio Spectrum SCSI (<tt>cd</tt>)
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<item>Mitsumi (all models) proprietary interface (<tt>mcd</tt>)
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<item>Matsushita/Panasonic (Creative)
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CR-562/CR-563 proprietary interface (<tt>matcd</tt>)
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<item>Sony proprietary interface (<tt>scd</tt>)
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<item>ATAPI IDE interface
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(experimental and should be considered ALPHA quality!)
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(<tt>wcd</tt>)
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</itemize>
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<sect1><heading>Ethernet cards</heading>
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<p>
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<itemize>
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<item>Allied-Telesis AT1700 and RE2000 cards
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<item>SMC Elite 16 WD8013 Ethernet interface, and
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most other WD8003E, WD8003EBT, WD8003W, WD8013W,
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WD8003S, WD8003SBT and WD8013EBT based clones. SMC
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Elite Ultra is also supported.
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<item>DEC EtherWORKS III NICs (DE203, DE204, and DE205)
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<item>DEC EtherWORKS II NICs (DE200, DE201, DE202, and DE422)
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<item>DEC DC21040/DC21041/DC21140 based NICs:
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<itemize>
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<item>ASUS PCI-L101-TB
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<item>Accton ENI1203
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<item>Cogent EM960PCI
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<item>Compex CPXPCI/32C
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<item>D-Link DE-530
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<item>DEC DE435
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<item>Danpex EN-9400P3
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<item>JCIS Condor JC1260
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<item>Linksys EtherPCI
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<item>Mylex LNP101
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<item>SMC EtherPower 10/100 (Model 9332)
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<item>SMC EtherPower (Model 8432)
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<item>SMC EtherPower (2)
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<item>Zynx ZX342
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</itemize>
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<item>DEC FDDI (DEFPA/DEFEA) NICs
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<item>Fujitsu FMV-181 and FMV-182
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<item>Fujitsu MB86960A/MB86965A
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<item>Intel EtherExpress
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<item>Intel EtherExpress Pro/100B 100Mbit.
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<item>Isolan AT 4141-0 (16 bit)
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<item>Isolink 4110 (8 bit)
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<item>Novell NE1000, NE2000, and NE2100 ethernet interface.
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<item>3Com 3C501 cards
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<item>3Com 3C503 Etherlink II
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<item>3Com 3c505 Etherlink/+
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<item>3Com 3C507 Etherlink 16/TP
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<item>3Com 3C509, 3C579, 3C589 (PCMCIA) Etherlink III
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<item>3Com 3C590, 3C595 Etherlink III
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<item>HP PC Lan Plus (27247B and 27252A)
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<item>Toshiba ethernet cards
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<item>PCMCIA ethernet cards from IBM and National
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Semiconductor are also supported.
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</itemize>
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<p><em>Note:</em> FreeBSD does not currently support
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PnP (plug-n-play) features present on some ethernet
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cards. If your card has PnP and is giving you problems,
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try disabling its PnP features.
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<sect1><heading>Miscellaneous devices</heading>
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<p>
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<itemize>
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<item>AST 4 port serial card using shared IRQ.
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<item>ARNET 8 port serial card using shared IRQ.
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<item>BOCA IOAT66 6 port serial card using shared IRQ.
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<item>BOCA 2016 16 port serial card using shared IRQ.
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<item>Cyclades Cyclom-y Serial Board.
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<item>STB 4 port card using shared IRQ.
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<item>SDL Communications Riscom/8 Serial Board.
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<item>Digiboard Sync/570i high-speed sync serial card.
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<item>Adlib, SoundBlaster, SoundBlaster Pro,
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ProAudioSpectrum, Gravis UltraSound, Gravis UltraSound MAX
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and Roland MPU-401 sound cards.
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</itemize>
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FreeBSD does not currently support IBM's microchannel (MCA) bus.
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<sect><heading>Preparing for the installation</heading>
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<p>There are a number of different methods by which FreeBSD
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can be installed. The following describes what
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preparation needs to be done for each type.
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<sect1><heading>Before installing from CDROM</heading>
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<p>If your CDROM is of an unsupported type, then please
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skip to <ref id="install:msdos" name="MS-DOS Preparation">.
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There is not a lot of preparatory work that needs to be done to
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successfully install from one of Walnut Creek's FreeBSD CDROMs (other
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CDROM distributions may work as well, though we cannot say for certain
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as we have no hand or say in how they are created). You can either
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boot into the CD installation directly from DOS using Walnut Creek's
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supplied ``install.bat'' batch file or you can make a boot floppy with
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the ``makeflp.bat'' command. [NOTE: If you are running
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FreeBSD 2.1-RELEASE and have an IDE CDROM, use the
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inst_ide.bat or atapiflp.bat batch files instead].
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For the easiest interface of all (from DOS), type
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``view''. This will bring up a DOS menu utility that
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leads you through all the available options.
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If you are creating the boot floppy from a UNIX machine,
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see <ref id="install" name="the beginning of this
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guide"> for examples. of how to create the boot floppy.
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Once you have booted from DOS or floppy, you should then
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be able to select CDROM as the media type in the Media
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menu and load the entire distribution from CDROM. No
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other types of installation media should be required.
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After your system is fully installed and you have rebooted
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from the hard disk, you can mount the cdrom at any time by
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typing: <tt>mount /cdrom</tt>
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Before removing the CD again, also note that it is necessary to first
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type: <tt>umount /cdrom</tt>. Do not just remove it from the drive!
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<quote><bf>Special note:</bf> Before invoking the
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installation, be sure that the CDROM is in the drive
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so that the install probe can find it. This is also
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true if you wish the CDROM to be added to the default
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system configuration automatically during the install
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(whether or not you actually use it as the
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installation media).
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</quote>
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Finally, if you would like people to be able to FTP
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install FreeBSD directly from the CDROM in your
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machine, you will find it quite easy. After the machine
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is fully installed, you simply need to add the
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following line to the password file (using the vipw
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command):
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<tscreen><verb>
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ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/nonexistent
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</verb></tscreen>
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Anyone with network connectivity to your machine (and permission
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to log into it) can now chose a Media type of FTP and type
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in: <tt>ftp://<em>your machine</em></tt> after picking ``Other''
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in the ftp sites menu.
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<sect1><heading>Before installing from Floppy</heading>
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<p>If you must install from floppy disks, either due to
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unsupported hardware or simply because you enjoy doing
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things the hard way, you must first prepare some
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floppies for the install.
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The first floppy that you will need in addition to the boot.flp
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image is ``floppies/root.flp'', which is somewhat special in that
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it is not a DOS filesystem floppy at all, but rather a floppy "image"
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(it's actually a gzip'd cpio file). You can create this floppy in
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the same way that you created the boot floppy <ref id="install"
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name="the beginning of this guide">. Once this floppy is
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made, you can go on to make the distribution set floppies
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using ordinary DOS or UFS (if you are preparing the floppies on
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another FreeBSD machine) formatted diskettes.
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You will need, at minimum, as many 1.44MB or 1.2MB floppies as
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it takes to hold all files in the bin (binary distribution)
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directory. If you are preparing these floppies under DOS, then
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THESE floppies *must* be formatted using the MS-DOS FORMAT
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command. If you are using Windows, use the Windows File
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Manager format command.
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Do <em>not</em> trust Factory Preformatted floppies! Format
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them again yourself, just to make sure. Many problems
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reported by our users in the past have resulted from the use
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of improperly formatted media, which is why I am taking such
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special care to mention it here!
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If you are creating the floppies from another FreeBSD machine,
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a format is still not a bad idea though you do nott need to put
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a DOS filesystem on each floppy. You can use the `disklabel'
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and `newfs' commands to put a UFS filesystem on them instead,
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as the following sequence of commands (for a 3.5" 1.44MB floppy
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disk) illustrates:
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<tscreen><verb>
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fdformat -f 1440 fd0.1440
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disklabel -w -r fd0.1440 floppy3
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newfs -t 2 -u 18 -l 1 -i 65536 /dev/rfd0
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(Use "fd0.1200" and "floppy5" for 5.25" 1.2MB disks).
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</verb></tscreen>
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Then you can mount and write to them like any other file
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system.
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After you have formatted the floppies, you will need to copy
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the files onto them. The distribution files are split into
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chunks conveniently sized so that 5 of them will fit on a
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conventional 1.44MB floppy. Go through all your floppies,
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packing as many files as will fit on each one, until you have
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got all the distributions you want packed up in this fashion.
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Each distribution should go into a subdirectory on the
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floppy, e.g.: <bf>a:\bin\bin.aa</bf>,
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<bf>a:\bin\bin.ab</bf>, and so on.
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Once you come to the Media screen of the install,
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select ``Floppy'' and you will be prompted for the rest.
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<sect1><heading>Before installing from a MS-DOS partition<label id="install:msdos"></heading>
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<p>To prepare for installation from an MS-DOS partition,
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copy the files from the distribution into a directory
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called <tt>C:\FREEBSD</tt>. The directory tree structure
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of the CDROM must be partially reproduced within this directory
|
|
so we suggest using the DOS <tt>xcopy</tt>
|
|
command. For example, to prepare for a minimal installation of
|
|
FreeBSD:
|
|
<tscreen><verb>
|
|
C> MD C:\FREEBSD
|
|
C> XCOPY /S E:\DISTS\BIN C:\FREEBSD\BIN\
|
|
C> XCOPY /S E:\FLOPPIES C:\FREEBSD\FLOPPIES\
|
|
</verb></tscreen>
|
|
assuming that <tt>C:</tt> is where you have free space
|
|
and <tt>E:</tt> is where your CDROM is mounted. Note
|
|
that you need the <tt>FLOPPIES</tt> directory because
|
|
the <tt>root.flp</tt> image is needed during an MS-DOS
|
|
installation.
|
|
|
|
For as many `DISTS' you wish to install from MS-DOS
|
|
(and you have free space for), install each one under
|
|
<tt>C:\FREEBSD</tt> - the <tt>BIN</tt> dist is only the
|
|
minimal requirement. If you have room on your MS-DOS
|
|
partition for all the distributions, you could replace
|
|
the last line above with:
|
|
<tscreen><verb>
|
|
C> XCOPY /S E:\DISTS C:\FREEBSD\
|
|
</verb></tscreen>
|
|
which would copy all the subdirectories of
|
|
<tt>E:\DISTS</tt> to <tt>C:\FREEBSD</tt>.
|
|
|
|
<sect1><heading>Before installing from QIC/SCSI Tape</heading>
|
|
|
|
<p>Installing from tape is probably the easiest method,
|
|
short of an on-line install using FTP or a CDROM
|
|
install. The installation program expects the files to
|
|
be simply tar'ed onto the tape, so after getting all of
|
|
the files for distribution you are interested in, simply
|
|
tar them onto the tape with a command like:
|
|
<tscreen>
|
|
cd /freebsd/distdir<newline>
|
|
tar cvf /dev/rwt0 (or /dev/rst0) dist1 .. dist2
|
|
</tscreen>
|
|
Make sure that the `floppies/' directory is one of the
|
|
``dists'' given above, since the installation will look
|
|
for `floppies/root.flp' on the tape.
|
|
|
|
When you go to do the installation, you should also
|
|
make sure that you leave enough room in some temporary
|
|
directory (which you will be allowed to choose) to
|
|
accommodate the <bf>full</bf> contents of the tape you have
|
|
created. Due to the non-random access nature of tapes,
|
|
this method of installation requires quite a bit of
|
|
temporary storage. You should expect to require as
|
|
much temporary storage as you have stuff written on
|
|
tape.
|
|
|
|
<quote><bf>Note:</bf> When going to do the
|
|
installation, the tape must be in the drive
|
|
<em>before</em> booting from the boot floppy. The
|
|
installation probe may otherwise fail to find it.</quote>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<sect1><heading>Before installing over a network</heading>
|
|
|
|
<p>You can do network installations over 3 types of
|
|
communications links:
|
|
<descrip>
|
|
<tag>Serial port</tag> SLIP or PPP
|
|
<tag>Parallel port</tag> PLIP (laplink cable)
|
|
<tag>Ethernet</tag> A
|
|
standard ethernet controller (includes some PCMCIA).
|
|
</descrip>
|
|
|
|
SLIP support is rather primitive, and limited primarily
|
|
to hard-wired links, such as a serial cable running
|
|
between a laptop computer and another computer. The
|
|
link should be hard-wired as the SLIP installation
|
|
does not currently offer a dialing capability; that
|
|
facility is provided with the PPP utility, which should
|
|
be used in preference to SLIP whenever possible.
|
|
|
|
If you are using a modem, then PPP is almost certainly
|
|
your only choice. Make sure that you have your service
|
|
provider's information handy as you will need to know it
|
|
fairly soon in the installation process. You will need
|
|
to know, at the minimum, your service provider's IP
|
|
address and possibly your own (though you can also
|
|
leave it blank and allow PPP to negotiate it with your
|
|
ISP). You also need to know how to use the various ``AT
|
|
commands'' to dial the ISP with your particular modem as
|
|
the PPP dialer provides only a very simple terminal
|
|
emulator.
|
|
|
|
If a hard-wired connection to another FreeBSD (2.0R or
|
|
later) machine is available, you might also consider
|
|
installing over a ``laplink'' parallel port cable. The
|
|
data rate over the parallel port is much higher than
|
|
what is typically possible over a serial line (up to
|
|
50k/sec), thus resulting in a quicker installation.
|
|
|
|
Finally, for the fastest possible network installation,
|
|
an ethernet adaptor is always a good choice! FreeBSD
|
|
supports most common PC ethernet cards, a table of
|
|
supported cards (and their required settings) is
|
|
provided in <ref id="install:hw" name="Supported
|
|
Hardware">. If you are using one of the supported
|
|
PCMCIA ethernet cards, also be sure that it is plugged
|
|
in <em>before</em> the laptop is powered on! FreeBSD
|
|
does not, unfortunately, currently support hot
|
|
insertion of PCMCIA cards during installation.
|
|
|
|
You will also need to know your IP address on the
|
|
network, the netmask value for your address class,
|
|
and the name of your machine. Your system
|
|
administrator can tell you which values to use for your
|
|
particular network setup. If you will be referring to
|
|
other hosts by name rather than IP address, you will also
|
|
need a name server and possibly the address of a
|
|
gateway (if you are using PPP, it is your provider's IP
|
|
address) to use in talking to it. If you do not know
|
|
the answers to all or most of these questions, then you
|
|
should really probably talk to your system
|
|
administrator <em>first</em> before trying this type of
|
|
installation.
|
|
|
|
Once you have a network link of some sort working, the
|
|
installation can continue over NFS or FTP.
|
|
|
|
<sect2><heading>Preparing for NFS installation</heading>
|
|
|
|
<p>NFS installation is fairly straight-forward: Simply
|
|
copy the FreeBSD distribution files you want onto a
|
|
server somewhere and then point the NFS media
|
|
selection at it.
|
|
|
|
If this server supports only ``privileged port'' access
|
|
(as is generally the default for Sun workstations),
|
|
you will need to set this option in the Options menu
|
|
before installation can proceed.
|
|
|
|
If you have a poor quality ethernet card which
|
|
suffers from very slow transfer rates, you may also
|
|
wish to toggle the appropriate Options flag.
|
|
|
|
In order for NFS installation to work, the server
|
|
must support subdir mounts, e.g., if your FreeBSD
|
|
&rel.current; distribution directory lives on:
|
|
<bf>ziggy:/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</bf> Then ziggy will have
|
|
to allow the direct mounting of
|
|
<bf>/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD</bf>, not just <bf>/usr</bf> or
|
|
<bf>/usr/archive/stuff</bf>.
|
|
|
|
In FreeBSD's <bf>/etc/exports</bf> file, this is controlled by
|
|
the ``<tt>-alldirs</tt>'' option. Other NFS servers may have
|
|
different conventions. If you are getting
|
|
`Permission Denied' messages from the server then
|
|
it is likely that you do not have this enabled
|
|
properly.
|
|
|
|
<sect2><heading>Preparing for FTP Installation</heading>
|
|
|
|
<p>FTP installation may be done from any mirror site
|
|
containing a reasonably up-to-date version of FreeBSD
|
|
&rel.current;. A full menu of reasonable choices from almost
|
|
anywhere in the world is provided by the FTP site
|
|
menu.
|
|
|
|
If you are installing from some other FTP site not
|
|
listed in this menu, or you are having troubles
|
|
getting your name server configured properly, you can
|
|
also specify your own URL by selecting the ``Other''
|
|
choice in that menu. A URL can also be a direct IP
|
|
address, so the following would work in the absence
|
|
of a name server:
|
|
|
|
<tscreen><verb>
|
|
ftp://192.216.222.4/pub/FreeBSD/&rel.current;-RELEASE
|
|
</verb></tscreen>
|
|
|
|
There are two FTP installation modes you can use:
|
|
|
|
<descrip>
|
|
<tag>FTP Active</tag>
|
|
|
|
For all FTP transfers, use ``Active'' mode. This
|
|
will not work through firewalls, but will often
|
|
work with older ftp servers that do not support
|
|
passive mode. If your connection hangs with
|
|
passive mode (the default), try active!
|
|
|
|
<tag>FTP Passive</tag>
|
|
|
|
For all FTP transfers, use ``Passive'' mode. This
|
|
allows the user to pass through firewalls that do
|
|
not allow incoming connections on random port
|
|
addresses.
|
|
|
|
</descrip>
|
|
|
|
<quote><bf>Note:</bf> Active and passive modes are
|
|
not the same as a `proxy' connection, where a proxy
|
|
ftp server is listening on a different port!</quote>
|
|
|
|
In such instances, you should specify the URL as something like:
|
|
<tscreen><verb>
|
|
ftp://foo.bar.com:1234/pub/FreeBSD
|
|
</verb></tscreen>
|
|
|
|
Where ``1234'' is the port number of the proxy ftp server.
|
|
|
|
<sect><heading>Installing FreeBSD</heading>
|
|
|
|
<p>Once you have taken note of the appropriate
|
|
preinstallation steps, you should be able to install
|
|
FreeBSD without any further trouble.
|
|
|
|
Should this not be true, then you may wish to go back and
|
|
re-read the relevant preparation section above
|
|
for the installation media type you are trying to use,
|
|
perhaps there is a helpful hint there that you missed the
|
|
first time? If you are having hardware trouble, or
|
|
FreeBSD refuses to boot at all, read the Hardware Guide
|
|
provided on the boot floppy for a list of possible
|
|
solutions.
|
|
|
|
The FreeBSD boot floppy contains all the on-line
|
|
documentation you should need to be able to navigate
|
|
through an installation and if it does not then we would
|
|
like to know what you found most confusing. Send your
|
|
comments to the &a.doc;.
|
|
It is the objective of the
|
|
FreeBSD installation program (sysinstall) to be
|
|
self-documenting enough that painful ``step-by-step''
|
|
guides are no longer necessary. It may take us a little
|
|
while to reach that objective, but that is the objective!
|
|
|
|
Meanwhile, you may also find the following ``typical
|
|
installation sequence'' to be helpful:
|
|
|
|
<enum>
|
|
<item>Boot the boot floppy. After a boot sequence
|
|
which can take anywhere from from 30 seconds to 3
|
|
minutes, depending on your hardware, you should be
|
|
presented with a menu of initial choices. If the
|
|
floppy does not boot at all, or the boot hangs at some
|
|
stage, go read the Q&A section of the Hardware Guide
|
|
for possible causes.
|
|
|
|
<item>Press F1. You should see some basic usage
|
|
instructions on the menu system and general
|
|
navigation. If you have not used this menu system
|
|
before then PLEASE read this thoroughly!
|
|
|
|
<item>Select the Options item and set any special
|
|
preferences you may have.
|
|
|
|
<item>Select a Novice, Custom or Express install, depending on
|
|
whether or not you would like the installation to help
|
|
you through a typical installation, give you a high degree of
|
|
control over each step of the installation or simply whizz
|
|
through it (using reasonable defaults when possible) as fast
|
|
as possible. If you've never used FreeBSD before then the
|
|
Novice installation method is most recommended.
|
|
|
|
<item>The final configuration menu choice allows you to
|
|
further configure your FreeBSD installation by giving you
|
|
menu-driven access to various system defaults. Some
|
|
items, like networking, may be especially important
|
|
if you did a CDROM/Tape/Floppy installation and have
|
|
not yet configured your network interfaces (assuming
|
|
you have any). Properly configuring such interfaces
|
|
here will allow FreeBSD to come up on the network
|
|
when you first reboot from the hard disk.
|
|
</enum>
|
|
|
|
<sect><heading>MS-DOS user's Questions and Answers</heading>
|
|
|
|
<p>Many FreeBSD users wish to install FreeBSD on PCs inhabited
|
|
by MS-DOS. Here are some commonly asked questions about
|
|
installing FreeBSD on such systems.
|
|
|
|
<p><bf>Help! I have no space! Do I need to delete
|
|
everything first?</bf>
|
|
|
|
If your machine is already running MS-DOS and has little
|
|
or no free space available for FreeBSD's installation,
|
|
all is not lost! You may find the FIPS utility, provided
|
|
in the <tt>tools</tt> directory on the FreeBSD CDROM or
|
|
on the various FreeBSD ftp sites, to be quite useful.
|
|
|
|
FIPS allows you to split an existing MS-DOS partition
|
|
into two pieces, preserving the original partition and
|
|
allowing you to install onto the second free piece. You
|
|
first defragment your MS-DOS partition, using the DOS
|
|
6.xx DEFRAG utility or the Norton Disk tools, then run
|
|
FIPS. It will prompt you for the rest of the information
|
|
it needs. Afterwards, you can reboot and install FreeBSD
|
|
on the new free slice. See the <em>Distributions</em>
|
|
menu for an estimation of how much free space you will need
|
|
for the kind of installation you want.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<bf>Can I use compressed MS-DOS filesystems from
|
|
FreeBSD?</bf>
|
|
|
|
No. If you are using a utility such as Stacker(tm) or
|
|
DoubleSpace(tm), FreeBSD will only be able to use
|
|
whatever portion of the filesystem you leave
|
|
uncompressed. The rest of the filesystem will show up as
|
|
one large file (the stacked/dblspaced file!). <bf>Do not
|
|
remove that file!</bf> You will probably regret it
|
|
greatly!
|
|
|
|
It is probably better to create another uncompressed
|
|
MS-DOS primary partition and use this for communications
|
|
between MS-DOS and FreeBSD.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<bf>Can I mount my MS-DOS extended partitions?</bf>
|
|
|
|
Yes. DOS extended partitions are mapped in at the end of the other
|
|
``slices'' in FreeBSD, e.g. your D: drive might be /dev/sd0s5,
|
|
your E: drive /dev/sd0s6, and so on. This example assumes, of
|
|
course, that your extended partition is on SCSI drive 0. For IDE drives,
|
|
substitute ``wd'' for ``sd'' appropriately. You otherwise mount extended
|
|
partitions exactly like you would mount any other DOS drive, e.g.:
|
|
|
|
<tscreen><verb>
|
|
mount -t msdos /dev/sd0s5 /dos_d
|
|
</verb></tscreen>
|
|
|
|
<bf>Can I run MS-DOS binaries under FreeBSD?</bf>
|
|
|
|
Not yet! We would like to add support for this someday, but
|
|
are still lacking anyone to actually do the work. BSDI has
|
|
also donated their DOS emulator to the BSD world and this is slowly
|
|
being ported to FreeBSD-current.
|
|
|
|
Send mail to the &a.emulation if you're interested in joining
|
|
this effort!
|
|
|
|
In the interim, there is a nice application available in the
|
|
<ref id="ports" name="The Ports Collection"> called pcemu
|
|
which allows you to run many basic MS-DOS text-mode binaries
|
|
by entirely emulating an 8088 CPU.
|