1262 lines
42 KiB
Plaintext
1262 lines
42 KiB
Plaintext
@comment %**start of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.)
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@setfilename rluser.info
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@comment %**end of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.)
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@setchapternewpage odd
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@ignore
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This file documents the end user interface to the GNU command line
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editing features. It is to be an appendix to manuals for programs which
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use these features. There is a document entitled "readline.texinfo"
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which contains both end-user and programmer documentation for the GNU
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Readline Library.
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Copyright (C) 1988, 1991, 1993, 1996 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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Authored by Brian Fox and Chet Ramey.
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Permission is granted to process this file through Tex and print the
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results, provided the printed document carries copying permission notice
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identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph (this
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paragraph not being relevant to the printed manual).
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Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual
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provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on
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all copies.
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Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
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manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the
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GNU Copyright statement is available to the distributee, and provided that
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the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
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permission notice identical to this one.
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Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual
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into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions.
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@end ignore
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@comment If you are including this manual as an appendix, then set the
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@comment variable readline-appendix.
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@node Command Line Editing
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@chapter Command Line Editing
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This chapter describes the basic features of the @sc{GNU}
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command line editing interface.
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@menu
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* Introduction and Notation:: Notation used in this text.
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* Readline Interaction:: The minimum set of commands for editing a line.
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* Readline Init File:: Customizing Readline from a user's view.
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* Bindable Readline Commands:: A description of most of the Readline commands
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available for binding
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* Readline vi Mode:: A short description of how to make Readline
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behave like the vi editor.
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@end menu
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@node Introduction and Notation
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@section Introduction to Line Editing
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The following paragraphs describe the notation used to represent
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keystrokes.
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The text @key{C-k} is read as `Control-K' and describes the character
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produced when the @key{k} key is pressed while the Control key
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is depressed.
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The text @key{M-k} is read as `Meta-K' and describes the character
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produced when the meta key (if you have one) is depressed, and the @key{k}
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key is pressed. If you do not have a meta key, the identical keystroke
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can be generated by typing @key{ESC} @i{first}, and then typing @key{k}.
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Either process is known as @dfn{metafying} the @key{k} key.
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The text @key{M-C-k} is read as `Meta-Control-k' and describes the
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character produced by @dfn{metafying} @key{C-k}.
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In addition, several keys have their own names. Specifically,
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@key{DEL}, @key{ESC}, @key{LFD}, @key{SPC}, @key{RET}, and @key{TAB} all
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stand for themselves when seen in this text, or in an init file
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(@pxref{Readline Init File}).
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@node Readline Interaction
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@section Readline Interaction
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@cindex interaction, readline
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Often during an interactive session you type in a long line of text,
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only to notice that the first word on the line is misspelled. The
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Readline library gives you a set of commands for manipulating the text
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as you type it in, allowing you to just fix your typo, and not forcing
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you to retype the majority of the line. Using these editing commands,
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you move the cursor to the place that needs correction, and delete or
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insert the text of the corrections. Then, when you are satisfied with
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the line, you simply press @key{RETURN}. You do not have to be at the
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end of the line to press @key{RETURN}; the entire line is accepted
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regardless of the location of the cursor within the line.
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@menu
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* Readline Bare Essentials:: The least you need to know about Readline.
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* Readline Movement Commands:: Moving about the input line.
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* Readline Killing Commands:: How to delete text, and how to get it back!
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* Readline Arguments:: Giving numeric arguments to commands.
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* Searching:: Searching through previous lines.
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@end menu
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@node Readline Bare Essentials
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@subsection Readline Bare Essentials
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@cindex notation, readline
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@cindex command editing
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@cindex editing command lines
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In order to enter characters into the line, simply type them. The typed
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character appears where the cursor was, and then the cursor moves one
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space to the right. If you mistype a character, you can use your
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erase character to back up and delete the mistyped character.
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Sometimes you may miss typing a character that you wanted to type, and
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not notice your error until you have typed several other characters. In
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that case, you can type @key{C-b} to move the cursor to the left, and then
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correct your mistake. Afterwards, you can move the cursor to the right
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with @key{C-f}.
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When you add text in the middle of a line, you will notice that characters
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to the right of the cursor are `pushed over' to make room for the text
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that you have inserted. Likewise, when you delete text behind the cursor,
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characters to the right of the cursor are `pulled back' to fill in the
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blank space created by the removal of the text. A list of the basic bare
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essentials for editing the text of an input line follows.
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@table @asis
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@item @key{C-b}
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Move back one character.
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@item @key{C-f}
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Move forward one character.
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@item @key{DEL}
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Delete the character to the left of the cursor.
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@item @key{C-d}
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Delete the character underneath the cursor.
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@item @w{Printing characters}
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Insert the character into the line at the cursor.
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@item @key{C-_}
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Undo the last editing command. You can undo all the way back to an
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empty line.
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@end table
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@node Readline Movement Commands
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@subsection Readline Movement Commands
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The above table describes the most basic possible keystrokes that you need
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in order to do editing of the input line. For your convenience, many
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other commands have been added in addition to @key{C-b}, @key{C-f},
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@key{C-d}, and @key{DEL}. Here are some commands for moving more rapidly
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about the line.
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@table @key
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@item C-a
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Move to the start of the line.
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@item C-e
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Move to the end of the line.
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@item M-f
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Move forward a word, where a word is composed of letters and digits.
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@item M-b
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Move backward a word.
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@item C-l
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Clear the screen, reprinting the current line at the top.
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@end table
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Notice how @key{C-f} moves forward a character, while @key{M-f} moves
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forward a word. It is a loose convention that control keystrokes
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operate on characters while meta keystrokes operate on words.
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@node Readline Killing Commands
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@subsection Readline Killing Commands
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@cindex killing text
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@cindex yanking text
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@dfn{Killing} text means to delete the text from the line, but to save
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it away for later use, usually by @dfn{yanking} (re-inserting)
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it back into the line.
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If the description for a command says that it `kills' text, then you can
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be sure that you can get the text back in a different (or the same)
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place later.
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When you use a kill command, the text is saved in a @dfn{kill-ring}.
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Any number of consecutive kills save all of the killed text together, so
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that when you yank it back, you get it all. The kill
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ring is not line specific; the text that you killed on a previously
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typed line is available to be yanked back later, when you are typing
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another line.
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@cindex kill ring
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Here is the list of commands for killing text.
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@table @key
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@item C-k
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Kill the text from the current cursor position to the end of the line.
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@item M-d
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Kill from the cursor to the end of the current word, or if between
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words, to the end of the next word.
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@item M-DEL
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Kill from the cursor the start of the previous word, or if between
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words, to the start of the previous word.
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@item C-w
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Kill from the cursor to the previous whitespace. This is different than
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@key{M-DEL} because the word boundaries differ.
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@end table
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Here is how to @dfn{yank} the text back into the line. Yanking
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means to copy the most-recently-killed text from the kill buffer.
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@table @key
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@item C-y
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Yank the most recently killed text back into the buffer at the cursor.
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@item M-y
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Rotate the kill-ring, and yank the new top. You can only do this if
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the prior command is @key{C-y} or @key{M-y}.
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@end table
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@node Readline Arguments
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@subsection Readline Arguments
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You can pass numeric arguments to Readline commands. Sometimes the
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argument acts as a repeat count, other times it is the @i{sign} of the
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argument that is significant. If you pass a negative argument to a
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command which normally acts in a forward direction, that command will
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act in a backward direction. For example, to kill text back to the
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start of the line, you might type @samp{M-- C-k}.
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The general way to pass numeric arguments to a command is to type meta
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digits before the command. If the first `digit' typed is a minus
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sign (@key{-}), then the sign of the argument will be negative. Once
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you have typed one meta digit to get the argument started, you can type
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the remainder of the digits, and then the command. For example, to give
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the @key{C-d} command an argument of 10, you could type @samp{M-1 0 C-d}.
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@node Searching
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@subsection Searching for Commands in the History
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Readline provides commands for searching through the command history
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@ifset BashFeatures
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(@pxref{Bash History Facilities})
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@end ifset
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for lines containing a specified string.
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There are two search modes: @var{incremental} and @var{non-incremental}.
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Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the
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search string.
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As each character of the search string is typed, Readline displays
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the next entry from the history matching the string typed so far.
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An incremental search requires only as many characters as needed to
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find the desired history entry.
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The @key{ESC} character is used to terminate an incremental search.
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@key{C-j} will also terminate the search.
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@key{C-g} will abort an incremental search and restore the original line.
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When the search is terminated, the history entry containing the
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search string becomes the current line.
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To find other matching entries in the history list, type @key{C-s} or
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@key{C-r} as appropriate.
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This will search backward or forward in the history for the next
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entry matching the search string typed so far.
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Any other key sequence bound to a Readline command will terminate
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the search and execute that command.
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For instance, a @key{RET} will terminate the search and accept
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the line, thereby executing the command from the history list.
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Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting
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to search for matching history lines. The search string may be
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typed by the user or be part of the contents of the current line.
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@node Readline Init File
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@section Readline Init File
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@cindex initialization file, readline
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Although the Readline library comes with a set of @code{emacs}-like
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keybindings installed by default, it is possible to use a different set
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of keybindings.
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Any user can customize programs that use Readline by putting
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commands in an @dfn{inputrc} file in his home directory.
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The name of this
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@ifset BashFeatures
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file is taken from the value of the shell variable @code{INPUTRC}. If
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@end ifset
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@ifclear BashFeatures
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file is taken from the value of the environment variable @code{INPUTRC}. If
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@end ifclear
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that variable is unset, the default is @file{~/.inputrc}.
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When a program which uses the Readline library starts up, the
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init file is read, and the key bindings are set.
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In addition, the @code{C-x C-r} command re-reads this init file, thus
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incorporating any changes that you might have made to it.
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@menu
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* Readline Init File Syntax:: Syntax for the commands in the inputrc file.
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* Conditional Init Constructs:: Conditional key bindings in the inputrc file.
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* Sample Init File:: An example inputrc file.
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@end menu
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@node Readline Init File Syntax
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@subsection Readline Init File Syntax
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There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the
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Readline init file. Blank lines are ignored.
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Lines beginning with a @samp{#} are comments.
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Lines beginning with a @samp{$} indicate conditional
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constructs (@pxref{Conditional Init Constructs}). Other lines
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denote variable settings and key bindings.
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@table @asis
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@item Variable Settings
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You can modify the run-time behavior of Readline by
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altering the values of variables in Readline
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using the @code{set} command within the init file. Here is how to
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change from the default Emacs-like key binding to use
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@code{vi} line editing commands:
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@example
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set editing-mode vi
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@end example
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A great deal of run-time behavior is changeable with the following
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variables.
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@table @code
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@item bell-style
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@vindex bell-style
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Controls what happens when Readline wants to ring the terminal bell.
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If set to @samp{none}, Readline never rings the bell. If set to
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@samp{visible}, Readline uses a visible bell if one is available.
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If set to @samp{audible} (the default), Readline attempts to ring
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the terminal's bell.
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@item comment-begin
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@vindex comment-begin
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The string to insert at the beginning of the line when the
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@code{insert-comment} command is executed. The default value
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is @code{"#"}.
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@item completion-ignore-case
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If set to @samp{on}, Readline performs filename matching and completion
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in a case-insensitive fashion.
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The default value is @samp{off}.
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@item completion-query-items
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@vindex completion-query-items
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The number of possible completions that determines when the user is
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asked whether he wants to see the list of possibilities. If the
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number of possible completions is greater than this value,
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Readline will ask the user whether or not he wishes to view
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them; otherwise, they are simply listed. The default limit is
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@code{100}.
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@item convert-meta
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@vindex convert-meta
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If set to @samp{on}, Readline will convert characters with the
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eighth bit set to an ASCII key sequence by stripping the eighth
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bit and prepending an @key{ESC} character, converting them to a
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meta-prefixed key sequence. The default value is @samp{on}.
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@item disable-completion
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@vindex disable-completion
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If set to @samp{On}, Readline will inhibit word completion.
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Completion characters will be inserted into the line as if they had
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been mapped to @code{self-insert}. The default is @samp{off}.
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@item editing-mode
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@vindex editing-mode
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The @code{editing-mode} variable controls which default set of
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key bindings is used. By default, Readline starts up in Emacs editing
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mode, where the keystrokes are most similar to Emacs. This variable can be
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set to either @samp{emacs} or @samp{vi}.
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@item enable-keypad
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@vindex enable-keypad
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When set to @samp{on}, Readline will try to enable the application
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keypad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the
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arrow keys. The default is @samp{off}.
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@item expand-tilde
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@vindex expand-tilde
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If set to @samp{on}, tilde expansion is performed when Readline
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attempts word completion. The default is @samp{off}.
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@item horizontal-scroll-mode
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@vindex horizontal-scroll-mode
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This variable can be set to either @samp{on} or @samp{off}. Setting it
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to @samp{on} means that the text of the lines being edited will scroll
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horizontally on a single screen line when they are longer than the width
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of the screen, instead of wrapping onto a new screen line. By default,
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this variable is set to @samp{off}.
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@item keymap
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@vindex keymap
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Sets Readline's idea of the current keymap for key binding commands.
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Acceptable @code{keymap} names are
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@code{emacs},
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@code{emacs-standard},
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@code{emacs-meta},
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@code{emacs-ctlx},
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@code{vi},
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@code{vi-command}, and
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@code{vi-insert}.
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@code{vi} is equivalent to @code{vi-command}; @code{emacs} is
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equivalent to @code{emacs-standard}. The default value is @code{emacs}.
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The value of the @code{editing-mode} variable also affects the
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default keymap.
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@item mark-directories
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If set to @samp{on}, completed directory names have a slash
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appended. The default is @samp{on}.
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@item mark-modified-lines
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@vindex mark-modified-lines
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This variable, when set to @samp{on}, causes Readline to display an
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asterisk (@samp{*}) at the start of history lines which have been modified.
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This variable is @samp{off} by default.
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@item input-meta
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@vindex input-meta
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@vindex meta-flag
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If set to @samp{on}, Readline will enable eight-bit input (it
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will not strip the eighth bit from the characters it reads),
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regardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The
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default value is @samp{off}. The name @code{meta-flag} is a
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synonym for this variable.
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@item output-meta
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@vindex output-meta
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If set to @samp{on}, Readline will display characters with the
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eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape
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sequence. The default is @samp{off}.
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@item print-completions-horizontally
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If set to @samp{on}, Readline will display completions with matches
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sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the screen.
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The default is @samp{off}.
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@item show-all-if-ambiguous
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@vindex show-all-if-ambiguous
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This alters the default behavior of the completion functions. If
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set to @samp{on},
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words which have more than one possible completion cause the
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matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell.
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The default value is @samp{off}.
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@item visible-stats
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@vindex visible-stats
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If set to @samp{on}, a character denoting a file's type
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is appended to the filename when listing possible
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completions. The default is @samp{off}.
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@end table
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@item Key Bindings
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|
The syntax for controlling key bindings in the init file is
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simple. First you have to know the name of the command that you
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want to change. The following sections contain tables of the command
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name, the default keybinding, if any, and a short description of what
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the command does.
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Once you know the name of the command, simply place the name of the key
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you wish to bind the command to, a colon, and then the name of the
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command on a line in the init file. The name of the key
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|
can be expressed in different ways, depending on which is most
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comfortable for you.
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@table @asis
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@item @w{@var{keyname}: @var{function-name} or @var{macro}}
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@var{keyname} is the name of a key spelled out in English. For example:
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@example
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Control-u: universal-argument
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Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word
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Control-o: "> output"
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@end example
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In the above example, @key{C-u} is bound to the function
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@code{universal-argument}, and @key{C-o} is bound to run the macro
|
|
expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the text
|
|
@samp{> output} into the line).
|
|
|
|
@item @w{"@var{keyseq}": @var{function-name} or @var{macro}}
|
|
@var{keyseq} differs from @var{keyname} above in that strings
|
|
denoting an entire key sequence can be specified, by placing
|
|
the key sequence in double quotes. Some GNU Emacs style key
|
|
escapes can be used, as in the following example, but the
|
|
special character names are not recognized.
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
"\C-u": universal-argument
|
|
"\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file
|
|
"\e[11~": "Function Key 1"
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
In the above example, @key{C-u} is bound to the function
|
|
@code{universal-argument} (just as it was in the first example),
|
|
@samp{@key{C-x} @key{C-r}} is bound to the function @code{re-read-init-file},
|
|
and @samp{@key{ESC} @key{[} @key{1} @key{1} @key{~}} is bound to insert
|
|
the text @samp{Function Key 1}.
|
|
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
The following GNU Emacs style escape sequences are available when
|
|
specifying key sequences:
|
|
|
|
@table @code
|
|
@item @kbd{\C-}
|
|
control prefix
|
|
@item @kbd{\M-}
|
|
meta prefix
|
|
@item @kbd{\e}
|
|
an escape character
|
|
@item @kbd{\\}
|
|
backslash
|
|
@item @kbd{\"}
|
|
@key{"}
|
|
@item @kbd{\'}
|
|
@key{'}
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second
|
|
set of backslash escapes is available:
|
|
|
|
@table @code
|
|
@item \a
|
|
alert (bell)
|
|
@item \b
|
|
backspace
|
|
@item \d
|
|
delete
|
|
@item \f
|
|
form feed
|
|
@item \n
|
|
newline
|
|
@item \r
|
|
carriage return
|
|
@item \t
|
|
horizontal tab
|
|
@item \v
|
|
vertical tab
|
|
@item \@var{nnn}
|
|
the character whose ASCII code is the octal value @var{nnn}
|
|
(one to three digits)
|
|
@item \x@var{nnn}
|
|
the character whose ASCII code is the hexadecimal value @var{nnn}
|
|
(one to three digits)
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes must
|
|
be used to indicate a macro definition.
|
|
Unquoted text is assumed to be a function name.
|
|
In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above are expanded.
|
|
Backslash will quote any other character in the macro text,
|
|
including @samp{"} and @samp{'}.
|
|
For example, the following binding will make @samp{C-x \}
|
|
insert a single @samp{\} into the line:
|
|
@example
|
|
"\C-x\\": "\\"
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node Conditional Init Constructs
|
|
@subsection Conditional Init Constructs
|
|
|
|
Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional
|
|
compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key
|
|
bindings and variable settings to be performed as the result
|
|
of tests. There are four parser directives used.
|
|
|
|
@table @code
|
|
@item $if
|
|
The @code{$if} construct allows bindings to be made based on the
|
|
editing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using
|
|
Readline. The text of the test extends to the end of the line;
|
|
no characters are required to isolate it.
|
|
|
|
@table @code
|
|
@item mode
|
|
The @code{mode=} form of the @code{$if} directive is used to test
|
|
whether Readline is in @code{emacs} or @code{vi} mode.
|
|
This may be used in conjunction
|
|
with the @samp{set keymap} command, for instance, to set bindings in
|
|
the @code{emacs-standard} and @code{emacs-ctlx} keymaps only if
|
|
Readline is starting out in @code{emacs} mode.
|
|
|
|
@item term
|
|
The @code{term=} form may be used to include terminal-specific
|
|
key bindings, perhaps to bind the key sequences output by the
|
|
terminal's function keys. The word on the right side of the
|
|
@samp{=} is tested against both the full name of the terminal and
|
|
the portion of the terminal name before the first @samp{-}. This
|
|
allows @code{sun} to match both @code{sun} and @code{sun-cmd},
|
|
for instance.
|
|
|
|
@item application
|
|
The @var{application} construct is used to include
|
|
application-specific settings. Each program using the Readline
|
|
library sets the @var{application name}, and you can test for it.
|
|
This could be used to bind key sequences to functions useful for
|
|
a specific program. For instance, the following command adds a
|
|
key sequence that quotes the current or previous word in Bash:
|
|
@example
|
|
$if Bash
|
|
# Quote the current or previous word
|
|
"\C-xq": "\eb\"\ef\""
|
|
$endif
|
|
@end example
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@item $endif
|
|
This command, as seen in the previous example, terminates an
|
|
@code{$if} command.
|
|
|
|
@item $else
|
|
Commands in this branch of the @code{$if} directive are executed if
|
|
the test fails.
|
|
|
|
@item $include
|
|
This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads commands
|
|
and bindings from that file.
|
|
@example
|
|
$include /etc/inputrc
|
|
@end example
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@node Sample Init File
|
|
@subsection Sample Init File
|
|
|
|
Here is an example of an inputrc file. This illustrates key
|
|
binding, variable assignment, and conditional syntax.
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
@page
|
|
# This file controls the behaviour of line input editing for
|
|
# programs that use the Gnu Readline library. Existing programs
|
|
# include FTP, Bash, and Gdb.
|
|
#
|
|
# You can re-read the inputrc file with C-x C-r.
|
|
# Lines beginning with '#' are comments.
|
|
#
|
|
# First, include any systemwide bindings and variable assignments from
|
|
# /etc/Inputrc
|
|
$include /etc/Inputrc
|
|
|
|
#
|
|
# Set various bindings for emacs mode.
|
|
|
|
set editing-mode emacs
|
|
|
|
$if mode=emacs
|
|
|
|
Meta-Control-h: backward-kill-word Text after the function name is ignored
|
|
|
|
#
|
|
# Arrow keys in keypad mode
|
|
#
|
|
#"\M-OD": backward-char
|
|
#"\M-OC": forward-char
|
|
#"\M-OA": previous-history
|
|
#"\M-OB": next-history
|
|
#
|
|
# Arrow keys in ANSI mode
|
|
#
|
|
"\M-[D": backward-char
|
|
"\M-[C": forward-char
|
|
"\M-[A": previous-history
|
|
"\M-[B": next-history
|
|
#
|
|
# Arrow keys in 8 bit keypad mode
|
|
#
|
|
#"\M-\C-OD": backward-char
|
|
#"\M-\C-OC": forward-char
|
|
#"\M-\C-OA": previous-history
|
|
#"\M-\C-OB": next-history
|
|
#
|
|
# Arrow keys in 8 bit ANSI mode
|
|
#
|
|
#"\M-\C-[D": backward-char
|
|
#"\M-\C-[C": forward-char
|
|
#"\M-\C-[A": previous-history
|
|
#"\M-\C-[B": next-history
|
|
|
|
C-q: quoted-insert
|
|
|
|
$endif
|
|
|
|
# An old-style binding. This happens to be the default.
|
|
TAB: complete
|
|
|
|
# Macros that are convenient for shell interaction
|
|
$if Bash
|
|
# edit the path
|
|
"\C-xp": "PATH=$@{PATH@}\e\C-e\C-a\ef\C-f"
|
|
# prepare to type a quoted word -- insert open and close double quotes
|
|
# and move to just after the open quote
|
|
"\C-x\"": "\"\"\C-b"
|
|
# insert a backslash (testing backslash escapes in sequences and macros)
|
|
"\C-x\\": "\\"
|
|
# Quote the current or previous word
|
|
"\C-xq": "\eb\"\ef\""
|
|
# Add a binding to refresh the line, which is unbound
|
|
"\C-xr": redraw-current-line
|
|
# Edit variable on current line.
|
|
"\M-\C-v": "\C-a\C-k$\C-y\M-\C-e\C-a\C-y="
|
|
$endif
|
|
|
|
# use a visible bell if one is available
|
|
set bell-style visible
|
|
|
|
# don't strip characters to 7 bits when reading
|
|
set input-meta on
|
|
|
|
# allow iso-latin1 characters to be inserted rather than converted to
|
|
# prefix-meta sequences
|
|
set convert-meta off
|
|
|
|
# display characters with the eighth bit set directly rather than
|
|
# as meta-prefixed characters
|
|
set output-meta on
|
|
|
|
# if there are more than 150 possible completions for a word, ask the
|
|
# user if he wants to see all of them
|
|
set completion-query-items 150
|
|
|
|
# For FTP
|
|
$if Ftp
|
|
"\C-xg": "get \M-?"
|
|
"\C-xt": "put \M-?"
|
|
"\M-.": yank-last-arg
|
|
$endif
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@node Bindable Readline Commands
|
|
@section Bindable Readline Commands
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
* Commands For Moving:: Moving about the line.
|
|
* Commands For History:: Getting at previous lines.
|
|
* Commands For Text:: Commands for changing text.
|
|
* Commands For Killing:: Commands for killing and yanking.
|
|
* Numeric Arguments:: Specifying numeric arguments, repeat counts.
|
|
* Commands For Completion:: Getting Readline to do the typing for you.
|
|
* Keyboard Macros:: Saving and re-executing typed characters
|
|
* Miscellaneous Commands:: Other miscellaneous commands.
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
This section describes Readline commands that may be bound to key
|
|
sequences.
|
|
|
|
@node Commands For Moving
|
|
@subsection Commands For Moving
|
|
@ftable @code
|
|
@item beginning-of-line (C-a)
|
|
Move to the start of the current line.
|
|
|
|
@item end-of-line (C-e)
|
|
Move to the end of the line.
|
|
|
|
@item forward-char (C-f)
|
|
Move forward a character.
|
|
|
|
@item backward-char (C-b)
|
|
Move back a character.
|
|
|
|
@item forward-word (M-f)
|
|
Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are composed of
|
|
letters and digits.
|
|
|
|
@item backward-word (M-b)
|
|
Move back to the start of this, or the previous, word. Words are
|
|
composed of letters and digits.
|
|
|
|
@item clear-screen (C-l)
|
|
Clear the screen and redraw the current line,
|
|
leaving the current line at the top of the screen.
|
|
|
|
@item redraw-current-line ()
|
|
Refresh the current line. By default, this is unbound.
|
|
|
|
@end ftable
|
|
|
|
@node Commands For History
|
|
@subsection Commands For Manipulating The History
|
|
|
|
@ftable @code
|
|
@item accept-line (Newline, Return)
|
|
@ifset BashFeatures
|
|
Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is. If this line is
|
|
non-empty, add it to the history list according to the setting of
|
|
the @code{HISTCONTROL} and @code{HISTIGNORE} variables.
|
|
If this line was a history line, then restore the history line to its
|
|
original state.
|
|
@end ifset
|
|
@ifclear BashFeatures
|
|
Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is. If this line is
|
|
non-empty, add it to the history list. If this line was a history
|
|
line, then restore the history line to its original state.
|
|
@end ifclear
|
|
|
|
@item previous-history (C-p)
|
|
Move `up' through the history list.
|
|
|
|
@item next-history (C-n)
|
|
Move `down' through the history list.
|
|
|
|
@item beginning-of-history (M-<)
|
|
Move to the first line in the history.
|
|
|
|
@item end-of-history (M->)
|
|
Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently
|
|
being entered.
|
|
|
|
@item reverse-search-history (C-r)
|
|
Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' through
|
|
the history as necessary. This is an incremental search.
|
|
|
|
@item forward-search-history (C-s)
|
|
Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' through
|
|
the the history as necessary. This is an incremental search.
|
|
|
|
@item non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)
|
|
Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up'
|
|
through the history as necessary using a non-incremental search
|
|
for a string supplied by the user.
|
|
|
|
@item non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)
|
|
Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down'
|
|
through the the history as necessary using a non-incremental search
|
|
for a string supplied by the user.
|
|
|
|
@item history-search-forward ()
|
|
Search forward through the history for the string of characters
|
|
between the start of the current line and the current cursor
|
|
position (the @var{point}). This is a non-incremental search. By
|
|
default, this command is unbound.
|
|
|
|
@item history-search-backward ()
|
|
Search backward through the history for the string of characters
|
|
between the start of the current line and the point. This
|
|
is a non-incremental search. By default, this command is unbound.
|
|
|
|
@item yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)
|
|
Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually
|
|
the second word on the previous line). With an argument @var{n},
|
|
insert the @var{n}th word from the previous command (the words
|
|
in the previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument
|
|
inserts the @var{n}th word from the end of the previous command.
|
|
|
|
@item yank-last-arg (M-., M-_)
|
|
Insert last argument to the previous command (the last word of the
|
|
previous history entry). With an
|
|
argument, behave exactly like @code{yank-nth-arg}.
|
|
Successive calls to @code{yank-last-arg} move back through the history
|
|
list, inserting the last argument of each line in turn.
|
|
|
|
@end ftable
|
|
|
|
@node Commands For Text
|
|
@subsection Commands For Changing Text
|
|
|
|
@ftable @code
|
|
@item delete-char (C-d)
|
|
Delete the character under the cursor. If the cursor is at the
|
|
beginning of the line, there are no characters in the line, and
|
|
the last character typed was not bound to @code{delete-char}, then
|
|
return @code{EOF}.
|
|
|
|
@item backward-delete-char (Rubout)
|
|
Delete the character behind the cursor. A numeric argument means
|
|
to kill the characters instead of deleting them.
|
|
|
|
@item quoted-insert (C-q, C-v)
|
|
Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is
|
|
how to insert key sequences like @key{C-q}, for example.
|
|
|
|
@ifclear BashFeatures
|
|
@item tab-insert (M-TAB)
|
|
Insert a tab character.
|
|
@end ifclear
|
|
|
|
@item self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...)
|
|
Insert yourself.
|
|
|
|
@item transpose-chars (C-t)
|
|
Drag the character before the cursor forward over
|
|
the character at the cursor, moving the
|
|
cursor forward as well. If the insertion point
|
|
is at the end of the line, then this
|
|
transposes the last two characters of the line.
|
|
Negative arguments don't work.
|
|
|
|
@item transpose-words (M-t)
|
|
Drag the word behind the cursor past the word in front of the cursor
|
|
moving the cursor over that word as well.
|
|
|
|
@item upcase-word (M-u)
|
|
Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument,
|
|
uppercase the previous word, but do not move the cursor.
|
|
|
|
@item downcase-word (M-l)
|
|
Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument,
|
|
lowercase the previous word, but do not move the cursor.
|
|
|
|
@item capitalize-word (M-c)
|
|
Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative argument,
|
|
capitalize the previous word, but do not move the cursor.
|
|
|
|
@end ftable
|
|
|
|
@node Commands For Killing
|
|
@subsection Killing And Yanking
|
|
|
|
@ftable @code
|
|
|
|
@item kill-line (C-k)
|
|
Kill the text from the current cursor position to the end of the line.
|
|
|
|
@item backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)
|
|
Kill backward to the beginning of the line.
|
|
|
|
@item unix-line-discard (C-u)
|
|
Kill backward from the cursor to the beginning of the current line.
|
|
The killed text is saved on the kill-ring.
|
|
|
|
@item kill-whole-line ()
|
|
Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where the
|
|
cursor is. By default, this is unbound.
|
|
|
|
@item kill-word (M-d)
|
|
Kill from the cursor to the end of the current word, or if between
|
|
words, to the end of the next word. Word boundaries are the same
|
|
as @code{forward-word}.
|
|
|
|
@item backward-kill-word (M-DEL)
|
|
Kill the word behind the cursor. Word boundaries are the same
|
|
as @code{backward-word}.
|
|
|
|
@item unix-word-rubout (C-w)
|
|
Kill the word behind the cursor, using white space as a word
|
|
boundary. The killed text is saved on the kill-ring.
|
|
|
|
@item delete-horizontal-space ()
|
|
Delete all spaces and tabs around point. By default, this is unbound.
|
|
|
|
@item kill-region ()
|
|
Kill the text between the point and the @emph{mark} (saved
|
|
cursor position). This text is referred to as the @var{region}.
|
|
By default, this command is unbound.
|
|
|
|
@item copy-region-as-kill ()
|
|
Copy the text in the region to the kill buffer, so it can be yanked
|
|
right away. By default, this command is unbound.
|
|
|
|
@item copy-backward-word ()
|
|
Copy the word before point to the kill buffer.
|
|
The word boundaries are the same as @code{backward-word}.
|
|
By default, this command is unbound.
|
|
|
|
@item copy-forward-word ()
|
|
Copy the word following point to the kill buffer.
|
|
The word boundaries are the same as @code{forward-word}.
|
|
By default, this command is unbound.
|
|
|
|
@item yank (C-y)
|
|
Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at the current
|
|
cursor position.
|
|
|
|
@item yank-pop (M-y)
|
|
Rotate the kill-ring, and yank the new top. You can only do this if
|
|
the prior command is yank or yank-pop.
|
|
@end ftable
|
|
|
|
@node Numeric Arguments
|
|
@subsection Specifying Numeric Arguments
|
|
@ftable @code
|
|
|
|
@item digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ... M--)
|
|
Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a new
|
|
argument. @key{M--} starts a negative argument.
|
|
|
|
@item universal-argument ()
|
|
This is another way to specify an argument.
|
|
If this command is followed by one or more digits, optionally with a
|
|
leading minus sign, those digits define the argument.
|
|
If the command is followed by digits, executing @code{universal-argument}
|
|
again ends the numeric argument, but is otherwise ignored.
|
|
As a special case, if this command is immediately followed by a
|
|
character that is neither a digit or minus sign, the argument count
|
|
for the next command is multiplied by four.
|
|
The argument count is initially one, so executing this function the
|
|
first time makes the argument count four, a second time makes the
|
|
argument count sixteen, and so on.
|
|
By default, this is not bound to a key.
|
|
@end ftable
|
|
|
|
@node Commands For Completion
|
|
@subsection Letting Readline Type For You
|
|
|
|
@ftable @code
|
|
@item complete (TAB)
|
|
Attempt to do completion on the text before the cursor. This is
|
|
application-specific. Generally, if you are typing a filename
|
|
argument, you can do filename completion; if you are typing a command,
|
|
you can do command completion; if you are typing in a symbol to GDB, you
|
|
can do symbol name completion; if you are typing in a variable to Bash,
|
|
you can do variable name completion, and so on.
|
|
@ifset BashFeatures
|
|
Bash attempts completion treating the text as a variable (if the
|
|
text begins with @samp{$}), username (if the text begins with
|
|
@samp{~}), hostname (if the text begins with @samp{@@}), or
|
|
command (including aliases and functions) in turn. If none
|
|
of these produces a match, filename completion is attempted.
|
|
@end ifset
|
|
|
|
@item possible-completions (M-?)
|
|
List the possible completions of the text before the cursor.
|
|
|
|
@item insert-completions (M-*)
|
|
Insert all completions of the text before point that would have
|
|
been generated by @code{possible-completions}.
|
|
|
|
@item menu-complete ()
|
|
Similar to @code{complete}, but replaces the word to be completed
|
|
with a single match from the list of possible completions.
|
|
Repeated execution of @code{menu-complete} steps through the list
|
|
of possible completions, inserting each match in turn.
|
|
At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung and the
|
|
original text is restored.
|
|
An argument of @var{n} moves @var{n} positions forward in the list
|
|
of matches; a negative argument may be used to move backward
|
|
through the list.
|
|
This command is intended to be bound to @code{TAB}, but is unbound
|
|
by default.
|
|
|
|
@ifset BashFeatures
|
|
@item complete-filename (M-/)
|
|
Attempt filename completion on the text before point.
|
|
|
|
@item possible-filename-completions (C-x /)
|
|
List the possible completions of the text before point,
|
|
treating it as a filename.
|
|
|
|
@item complete-username (M-~)
|
|
Attempt completion on the text before point, treating
|
|
it as a username.
|
|
|
|
@item possible-username-completions (C-x ~)
|
|
List the possible completions of the text before point,
|
|
treating it as a username.
|
|
|
|
@item complete-variable (M-$)
|
|
Attempt completion on the text before point, treating
|
|
it as a shell variable.
|
|
|
|
@item possible-variable-completions (C-x $)
|
|
List the possible completions of the text before point,
|
|
treating it as a shell variable.
|
|
|
|
@item complete-hostname (M-@@)
|
|
Attempt completion on the text before point, treating
|
|
it as a hostname.
|
|
|
|
@item possible-hostname-completions (C-x @@)
|
|
List the possible completions of the text before point,
|
|
treating it as a hostname.
|
|
|
|
@item complete-command (M-!)
|
|
Attempt completion on the text before point, treating
|
|
it as a command name. Command completion attempts to
|
|
match the text against aliases, reserved words, shell
|
|
functions, shell builtins, and finally executable filenames,
|
|
in that order.
|
|
|
|
@item possible-command-completions (C-x !)
|
|
List the possible completions of the text before point,
|
|
treating it as a command name.
|
|
|
|
@item dynamic-complete-history (M-TAB)
|
|
Attempt completion on the text before point, comparing
|
|
the text against lines from the history list for possible
|
|
completion matches.
|
|
|
|
@item complete-into-braces (M-@{)
|
|
Perform filename completion and return the list of possible completions
|
|
enclosed within braces so the list is available to the shell
|
|
(@pxref{Brace Expansion}).
|
|
|
|
@end ifset
|
|
@end ftable
|
|
|
|
@node Keyboard Macros
|
|
@subsection Keyboard Macros
|
|
@ftable @code
|
|
|
|
@item start-kbd-macro (C-x ()
|
|
Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro.
|
|
|
|
@item end-kbd-macro (C-x ))
|
|
Stop saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro
|
|
and save the definition.
|
|
|
|
@item call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)
|
|
Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the characters
|
|
in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard.
|
|
|
|
@end ftable
|
|
|
|
@node Miscellaneous Commands
|
|
@subsection Some Miscellaneous Commands
|
|
@ftable @code
|
|
|
|
@item re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)
|
|
Read in the contents of the inputrc file, and incorporate
|
|
any bindings or variable assignments found there.
|
|
|
|
@item abort (C-g)
|
|
Abort the current editing command and
|
|
ring the terminal's bell (subject to the setting of
|
|
@code{bell-style}).
|
|
|
|
@item do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-@var{x}, @dots{})
|
|
If the metafied character @var{x} is lowercase, run the command
|
|
that is bound to the corresponding uppercase character.
|
|
|
|
@item prefix-meta (ESC)
|
|
Make the next character typed be metafied. This is for keyboards
|
|
without a meta key. Typing @samp{ESC f} is equivalent to typing
|
|
@samp{M-f}.
|
|
|
|
@item undo (C-_, C-x C-u)
|
|
Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line.
|
|
|
|
@item revert-line (M-r)
|
|
Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the @code{undo}
|
|
command enough times to get back to the beginning.
|
|
|
|
@item tilde-expand (M-~)
|
|
Perform tilde expansion on the current word.
|
|
|
|
@item set-mark (C-@@)
|
|
Set the mark to the current point. If a
|
|
numeric argument is supplied, the mark is set to that position.
|
|
|
|
@item exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)
|
|
Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is set to
|
|
the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved as the mark.
|
|
|
|
@item character-search (C-])
|
|
A character is read and point is moved to the next occurrence of that
|
|
character. A negative count searches for previous occurrences.
|
|
|
|
@item character-search-backward (M-C-])
|
|
A character is read and point is moved to the previous occurrence
|
|
of that character. A negative count searches for subsequent
|
|
occurrences.
|
|
|
|
@item insert-comment (M-#)
|
|
The value of the @code{comment-begin}
|
|
variable is inserted at the beginning of the current line,
|
|
and the line is accepted as if a newline had been typed.
|
|
@ifset BashFeatures
|
|
This makes the current line a shell comment.
|
|
@end ifset
|
|
|
|
@item dump-functions ()
|
|
Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the
|
|
Readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied,
|
|
the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
|
|
of an @var{inputrc} file. This command is unbound by default.
|
|
|
|
@item dump-variables ()
|
|
Print all of the settable variables and their values to the
|
|
Readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied,
|
|
the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
|
|
of an @var{inputrc} file. This command is unbound by default.
|
|
|
|
@item dump-macros ()
|
|
Print all of the Readline key sequences bound to macros and the
|
|
strings they ouput. If a numeric argument is supplied,
|
|
the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part
|
|
of an @var{inputrc} file. This command is unbound by default.
|
|
|
|
@ifset BashFeatures
|
|
@item glob-expand-word (C-x *)
|
|
The word before point is treated as a pattern for pathname expansion,
|
|
and the list of matching file names is inserted, replacing the word.
|
|
|
|
@item glob-list-expansions (C-x g)
|
|
The list of expansions that would have been generated by
|
|
@code{glob-expand-word} is displayed, and the line is redrawn.
|
|
|
|
@item display-shell-version (C-x C-v)
|
|
Display version information about the current instance of Bash.
|
|
|
|
@item shell-expand-line (M-C-e)
|
|
Expand the line as the shell does.
|
|
This performs alias and history expansion as well as all of the shell
|
|
word expansions (@pxref{Shell Expansions}).
|
|
|
|
@item history-expand-line (M-^)
|
|
Perform history expansion on the current line.
|
|
|
|
@item magic-space ()
|
|
Perform history expansion on the current line and insert a space
|
|
(@pxref{History Interaction}).
|
|
|
|
@item alias-expand-line ()
|
|
Perform alias expansion on the current line (@pxref{Aliases}).
|
|
|
|
@item history-and-alias-expand-line ()
|
|
Perform history and alias expansion on the current line.
|
|
|
|
@item insert-last-argument (M-., M-_)
|
|
A synonym for @code{yank-last-arg}.
|
|
|
|
@item operate-and-get-next (C-o)
|
|
Accept the current line for execution and fetch the next line
|
|
relative to the current line from the history for editing. Any
|
|
argument is ignored.
|
|
|
|
@item emacs-editing-mode (C-e)
|
|
When in @code{vi} editing mode, this causes a switch back to
|
|
@code{emacs} editing mode, as if the command @samp{set -o emacs} had
|
|
been executed.
|
|
|
|
@end ifset
|
|
|
|
@end ftable
|
|
|
|
@node Readline vi Mode
|
|
@section Readline vi Mode
|
|
|
|
While the Readline library does not have a full set of @code{vi}
|
|
editing functions, it does contain enough to allow simple editing
|
|
of the line. The Readline @code{vi} mode behaves as specified in
|
|
the @sc{POSIX} 1003.2 standard.
|
|
|
|
@ifset BashFeatures
|
|
In order to switch interactively between @code{emacs} and @code{vi}
|
|
editing modes, use the @samp{set -o emacs} and @samp{set -o vi}
|
|
commands (@pxref{The Set Builtin}).
|
|
@end ifset
|
|
@ifclear BashFeatures
|
|
In order to switch interactively between @code{emacs} and @code{vi}
|
|
editing modes, use the command M-C-j (toggle-editing-mode).
|
|
@end ifclear
|
|
The Readline default is @code{emacs} mode.
|
|
|
|
When you enter a line in @code{vi} mode, you are already placed in
|
|
`insertion' mode, as if you had typed an @samp{i}. Pressing @key{ESC}
|
|
switches you into `command' mode, where you can edit the text of the
|
|
line with the standard @code{vi} movement keys, move to previous
|
|
history lines with @samp{k} and subsequent lines with @samp{j}, and
|
|
so forth.
|