531 lines
22 KiB
Plaintext
531 lines
22 KiB
Plaintext
<!--
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$FreeBSD$
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This file contains the comments of the old TROUBLE.TXT file.
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-->
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<sect1 id="trouble">
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<title>Troubleshooting</title>
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<sect2 id="repairing">
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<title>Repairing an Existing &os; Installation</title>
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<para>&os; features a
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<quote>Fixit</quote> option in the top menu of the boot floppy.
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To use it, you will also need either a
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<filename>fixit.flp</filename> image floppy, generated in the same
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fashion as the boot floppy, or the <quote>live filesystem</quote>
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CDROM; typically the second CDROM in a multi-disc &os;
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distribution.</para>
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<para>To invoke fixit, simply boot the
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<filename>kern.flp</filename> floppy, choose the
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<quote>Fixit</quote> item and insert the fixit floppy or CDROM
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when asked. You will then be placed into a shell with a wide
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variety of commands available (in the <filename>/stand</filename>
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and <filename>/mnt2/stand</filename> directories) for checking,
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repairing and examining file systems and their contents. Some
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UNIX administration experience <emphasis>is</emphasis> required to
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use the fixit option.</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title>Common Installation Problems, Q&A</title>
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<qandaset>
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<qandaentry>
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<question>
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<para>I go to boot from the hard disk for the first time
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after installing &os;, the kernel loads and probes my
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hardware, but stops with messages like:</para>
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<screen>changing root device to wd1s1a panic: cannot mount root</screen>
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<para>What is wrong? What can I do?</para>
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<para>What is this
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<literal>bios_drive:interface(unit,partition)kernel_name</literal>
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thing that is displayed with the boot help?</para>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>There is a longstanding problem in the case where the
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boot disk is not the first disk in the system. The BIOS
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uses a different numbering scheme to &os;, and working
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out which numbers correspond to which is difficult to get
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right.</para>
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<para>In the case where the boot disk is not the first disk
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in the system, &os; can need some help finding it. There
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are two common situations here, and in both of these cases,
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you need to tell &os; where the root filesystem is. You
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do this by specifying the BIOS disk number, the disk type
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and the &os; disk number for that type.</para>
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<para>The first situation is where you have two IDE disks,
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each configured as the master on their respective IDE
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busses, and wish to boot &os; from the second disk. The
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BIOS sees these as disk 0 and disk 1, while &os; sees
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them as <devicename>wd0</devicename> and
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<devicename>wd2</devicename>.</para>
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<para>&os; is on BIOS disk 1, of type
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<literal>wd</literal> and the &os; disk number is 2, so
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you would say:</para>
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<screen><userinput>1:wd(2,a)kernel</userinput></screen>
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<para>Note that if you have a slave on the primary bus, the
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above is not necessary (and is effectively wrong).</para>
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<para>The second situation involves booting from a SCSI disk
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when you have one or more IDE disks in the system. In this
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case, the &os; disk number is lower than the BIOS disk
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number. If you have two IDE disks as well as the SCSI disk,
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the SCSI disk is BIOS disk 2, type <literal>da</literal> and
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&os; disk number 0, so you would say:</para>
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<screen><userinput>2:da(0,a)kernel</userinput></screen>
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<para>To tell &os; that you want to boot from BIOS disk
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2, which is the first SCSI disk in the system. If you only
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had one IDE disk, you would use '1:' instead.</para>
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<para>Once you have determined the correct values to use,
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you can put the command exactly as you would have typed it
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in the <filename>/boot.config</filename> file using a
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standard text editor. Unless instructed otherwise, &os;
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will use the contents of this file as the default response
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to the <literal>boot:</literal> prompt.</para>
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</answer>
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</qandaentry>
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<qandaentry>
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<question>
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<para>I go to boot from the hard disk for the first time
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after installing &os;, but the Boot Manager prompt just
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prints <literal>F?</literal> at the boot menu each time but
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the boot won't go any further.</para>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>The hard disk geometry was set incorrectly in the
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Partition editor when you installed &os;. Go back into
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the partition editor and specify the actual geometry of your
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hard disk. You must reinstall &os; again from the
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beginning with the correct geometry.</para>
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<para>If you are failing entirely in figuring out the
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correct geometry for your machine, here's a tip: Install a
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small DOS partition at the beginning of the disk and install
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&os; after that. The install program will see the DOS
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partition and try to infer the correct geometry from it,
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which usually works.</para>
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<para>The following tip is no longer recommended, but is left here
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for reference:</para>
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<blockquote>
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<para>If you are setting up a truly dedicated &os;
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server or workstation where you don't care for (future)
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compatibility with DOS, Linux or another operating system,
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you've also got the option to use the entire disk (`A' in
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the partition editor), selecting the non-standard option
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where &os; occupies the entire disk from the very first
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to the very last sector. This will leave all geometry
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considerations aside, but is somewhat limiting unless
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you're never going to run anything other than &os; on a
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disk.</para>
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</blockquote>
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</answer>
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</qandaentry>
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</qandaset>
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</sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title>Known Hardware Problems, Q&A</title>
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<note>
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<para>Please send hardware tips for this section to &a.jkh;.</para>
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</note>
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<qandaset>
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<qandaentry>
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<question>
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<para>The &man.mcd.4; driver keeps thinking that it has
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found a device and this stops my Intel EtherExpress card
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from working.</para>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>Use the UserConfig utility (see
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<filename>HARDWARE.TXT</filename>) and disable the probing
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of the <devicename>mcd0</devicename> and
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<devicename>mcd1</devicename> devices. Generally speaking,
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you should only leave the devices that you will be using
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enabled in your kernel.</para>
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</answer>
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</qandaentry>
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<qandaentry>
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<question>
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<para>&os; claims to support the 3Com PCMCIA card, but my
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card isn't recognized when it's plugged into my
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laptop.</para>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>There are a couple of possible problems. First of
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all, &os; does not support multi-function cards, so if
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you have a combo Ethernet/modem card (such as the 3C562), it
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won't work. The default driver for the 3C589 card was
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written just like all of the other drivers in &os;, and
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depend on the card's own configuration data stored in NVRAM
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to work. You must correctly configure &os;'s driver to
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match the IRQ, port, and IOMEM stored in NVRAM.</para>
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<para>Unfortunately, the only program capable of reading
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them is the 3COM supplied DOS program. This program must be
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run on a absolutely clean system (no other drivers must be
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running), and the program will whine about CARD-Services not
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being found, but it will continue. This is necessary to
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read the NVRAM values. You want to know the IRQ, port, and
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IOMEM values (the latter is called the CIS tuple by 3COM).
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The first two can be set in the program, the third is
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un-settable, and can only be read. Once you have these
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values, set them in UserConfig and your card will be
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recognized.</para>
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</answer>
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</qandaentry>
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<qandaentry>
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<question>
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<para>&os; finds my PCMCIA network card, but no packets
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appear to be sent even though it claims to be working.</para>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>Many PCMCIA cards have the ability to use either the
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10-Base2 (BNC) or 10-BaseT connectors for connecting to the
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network. The driver is unable to <quote>auto-select</quote>
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the correct connector, so you must tell it which connector
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to use. In order to switch between the two connectors, the
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link flags must be set. Depending on the model of the card,
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<option>-link0 link1</option> or <option>-link0
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-link1</option> will choose the correct network connector.
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You can set these in &man.sysinstall.8; by using the
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<literal>Extra options to ifconfig:</literal> field in the
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network setup screen.</para>
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</answer>
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</qandaentry>
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<qandaentry>
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<question>
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<para>The system finds my &man.ed.4; network card, but I
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keep getting device timeout errors.</para>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>Your card is probably on a different IRQ from what is
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specified in the kernel configuration. The ed driver does
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not use the `soft' configuration by default (values entered
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using EZSETUP in DOS), but it will use the software
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configuration if you specify <literal>?</literal> in the IRQ field of your
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kernel config file.</para>
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<para>Either move the jumper on the card to a hard
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configuration setting (altering the kernel settings if
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necessary), or specify the IRQ as <literal>-1</literal> in UserConfig or <literal>?</literal>
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in your kernel config file. This will tell the kernel to
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use the soft configuration.</para>
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<para>Another possibility is that your card is at IRQ 9,
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which is shared by IRQ 2 and frequently a cause of problems
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(especially when you have a VGA card using IRQ 2!). You
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should not use IRQ 2 or 9 if at all possible.</para>
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</answer>
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</qandaentry>
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<qandaentry>
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<question>
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<para>I have a Matsushita/Panasonic drive but it isn't
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recognized by the system.</para>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>Make certain that the I/O port that the &man.matcd.4; driver
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is set to is correct for the host interface card you have.
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(Some SoundBlaster DOS drivers report a hardware I/O port
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address for the CD-ROM interface that is 0x10 lower than it
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really is.)</para>
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<para>If you are unable to determine the settings for the
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card by examining the board or documentation, you can use
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UserConfig to change the 'port' address (I/O port) to -1 and
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start the system. This setting causes the driver to look at
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a number of I/O ports that various manufacturers use for
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their Matsushita/Panasonic/Creative CD-ROM interfaces. Once
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the driver locates the address, you should run UserConfig
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again and specify the correct address. Leaving the 'port'
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parameter set to -1 increases the amount of time that it
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takes the system to boot, and this could interfere with
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other devices.</para>
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<para>The double-speed Matsushita CR-562 and CR-563 are the
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only drives that are supported.</para>
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</answer>
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</qandaentry>
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<qandaentry>
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<question>
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<para>I booted the install floppy on my IBM ThinkPad (tm)
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laptop, and the keyboard is all messed up.</para>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>Older IBM laptops use a non-standard keyboard
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controller, so you must tell the keyboard driver (atkbd0) to
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go into a special mode which works on the ThinkPads. Change
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the atkbd0 'Flags' to 0x4 in UserConfig and it should work
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fine. (Look in the Input Menu for 'Keyboard'.)</para>
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</answer>
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</qandaentry>
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<qandaentry>
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<question>
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<para>When I try to boot the install floppy, I see the
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following message and nothing seems to be happening. I
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cannot enter anything from the keyboard either.</para>
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<screen>Keyboard: no</screen>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>Due to lack of space, full support for old XT/AT
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(84-key) keyboards is no longer available in the bootblocks.
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Some notebook computers may also have this type of keyboard.
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If you are still using this kind of hardware, you will see
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the above message appears when you boot from the CD-ROM or
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an install floppy.</para>
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<para>As soon as you see this message, hit the space bar,
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and you will see the prompt:</para>
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<screen>>> FreeBSD/i386 BOOT
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Default: x:xx(x,x)/boot/loader
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boot:</screen>
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<para>Then enter <userinput>-Dh</userinput>, and things
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should proceed normally.</para>
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</answer>
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</qandaentry>
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<qandaentry>
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<question>
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<para>I have a Matsushita/Panasonic CR-522, a
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Matsushita/Panasonic CR-523 or a TEAC CD55a drive, but it is
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not recognized even when the correct I/O port is set.</para>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>These CD-ROM drives are currently not supported by
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&os;. The command sets for these drives are not compatible
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with the double-speed CR-562 and CR-563 drives.</para>
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<para>The single-speed CR-522 and CR-523 drives can be
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identified by their use of a CD-caddy. </para>
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</answer>
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</qandaentry>
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<qandaentry>
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<question>
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<para>I'm trying to install from a tape drive but all I get
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is something like this on the screen:</para>
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<screen>sa0(aha0:1:0) NOT READY csi 40,0,0,0</screen>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>There's a limitation in the current &man.sysinstall.8;
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that the tape <emphasis>must</emphasis> be in the drive
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while &man.sysinstall.8; is started or it won't be detected.
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Try again with the tape in the drive the whole time.</para>
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</answer>
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</qandaentry>
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<qandaentry>
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<question>
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<para>I've installed &os; onto my system, but it hangs
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when booting from the hard drive with the message:</para>
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<screen>Changing root to /dev/da0a</screen>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>his problem may occur in a system with a 3com 3c509
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Ethernet adapter. The &man.ep.4; device driver appears to
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be sensitive to probes for other devices that also use
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address 0x300. Boot your &os; system by power cycling
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the machine (turn off and on). At the
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<literal>Boot:</literal> prompt specify the
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<option>-c</option>. This will invoke UserConfig (see
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<xref linkend="repairing"> above).
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Use the <literal>disable</literal>
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command to disable the device probes for all devices at
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address 0x300 except the ep0 driver. On exit, your machine
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should successfully boot &os;.</para>
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</answer>
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</qandaentry>
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<qandaentry>
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<question>
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<para>My system can not find my Intel EtherExpress 16 card.</para>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>You must set your Intel EtherExpress 16 card to be
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memory mapped at address 0xD0000, and set the amount of
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mapped memory to 32K using the Intel supplied
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<filename>softset.exe</filename> program.</para>
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</answer>
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</qandaentry>
|
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<qandaentry>
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<question>
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<para>When installing on an EISA HP Netserver, my on-board
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AIC-7xxx SCSI controller isn't detected.</para>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>This is a known problem, and will hopefully be fixed
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in the future. In order to get your system installed at
|
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all, boot with the <option>-c</option> option into
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UserConfig, but <emphasis>don't</emphasis> use the pretty
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visual mode but the plain old CLI mode. Type:</para>
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<screen><userinput>eisa 12</userinput>
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<userinput>quit</userinput></screen>
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<para>at the prompt. (Instead of `quit', you might also
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type `visual', and continue the rest of the configuration
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session in visual mode.) While it's recommended to compile
|
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a custom kernel, dset now also understands to save
|
|
this value.</para>
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<para>Refer to the FAQ topic 3.16 for an explanation of the
|
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problem, and for how to continue. Remember that you can
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find the FAQ on your local system in /usr/share/doc/FAQ,
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provided you have installed the `doc' distribution.</para>
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</answer>
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</qandaentry>
|
|
<qandaentry>
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|
<question>
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<para>I have a Panasonic AL-N1 or Rios Chandler Pentium
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machine and I find that the system hangs before ever getting
|
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into the installation now.</para>
|
|
</question>
|
|
<answer>
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<para>Your machine doesn't like the new
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<literal>i586_copyout</literal> and
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<literal>i586_copyin</literal> code for some reason. To
|
|
disable this, boot the installation boot floppy and when it
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comes to the very first menu (the choice to drop into kernel
|
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UserConfig mode or not) choose the command-line interface
|
|
(<quote>expert mode</quote>) version and type the following
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at it:</para>
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<screen><userinput>flags npx0 1</userinput></screen>
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<para>Then proceed normally to boot. This will be saved
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into your kernel, so you only need to do it once.</para>
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</answer>
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</qandaentry>
|
|
<qandaentry>
|
|
<question>
|
|
<para>I have this CMD640 IDE controller that is said to be
|
|
broken.</para>
|
|
</question>
|
|
<answer>
|
|
<para>Yes, it is. &os; does not support this controller
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|
except through the legacy wdc driver.</para>
|
|
</answer>
|
|
</qandaentry>
|
|
<qandaentry>
|
|
<question>
|
|
<para>On a Compaq Aero notebook, I get the message <quote>No
|
|
floppy devices found! Please check ...</quote> when trying to
|
|
install from floppy.</para>
|
|
</question>
|
|
<answer>
|
|
<para>With Compaq being always a little different from other
|
|
systems, they do not announce their floppy drive in the CMOS
|
|
RAM of an Aero notebook. Therefore, the floppy disk driver
|
|
assumes there is no drive configured. Go to the UserConfig
|
|
screen, and set the Flags value of the fdc0 device to 0x1.
|
|
This pretends the existence of the first floppy drive (as a
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1.44 MB drive) to the driver without asking the CMOS at
|
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all.</para>
|
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</answer>
|
|
</qandaentry>
|
|
<qandaentry>
|
|
<question>
|
|
<para>When I go to boot my Intel AL440LX
|
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(<quote>Atlanta</quote>) -based system from the hard disk the
|
|
first time, it stops with a <literal>Read Error</literal>
|
|
message.</para>
|
|
</question>
|
|
<answer>
|
|
<para>There appears to be a bug in the BIOS on at least some
|
|
of these boards, this bug results in the &os; bootloader
|
|
thinking that it is booting from a floppy disk. This is
|
|
only a problem if you are not using the BootEasy boot
|
|
manager. Slice the disk in <quote>compatible</quote>mode
|
|
and install BootEasy during the &os; installation to
|
|
avoid the bug, or upgrade the BIOS (see Intel's web site for
|
|
details).</para>
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</answer>
|
|
</qandaentry>
|
|
<qandaentry>
|
|
<question>
|
|
<para>When installing on an Dell Poweredge XE, Dell
|
|
proprietary RAID controller DSA (Dell SCSI Array) isn't
|
|
recognized.</para>
|
|
</question>
|
|
<answer>
|
|
<para>Configure the DSA to use AHA-1540 emulation using EISA
|
|
configuration utility. After that &os; detects the DSA
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|
as an Adaptec AHA-1540 SCSI controller, with irq 11 and port
|
|
340. Under emulation mode system will use DSA RAID disks,
|
|
but you cannot use DSA-specific features such as watching
|
|
RAID health.</para>
|
|
</answer>
|
|
</qandaentry>
|
|
<qandaentry>
|
|
<question>
|
|
<para>My Ethernet adapter is detected as an AMD PCnet-FAST
|
|
(or similar) but it doesn't work. (Eg. onboard Ethernet on
|
|
IBM Netfinity 5xxx or 7xxx)</para>
|
|
</question>
|
|
<answer>
|
|
<para>The &man.lnc.4; driver is currently faulty, and will
|
|
often not work correctly with the PCnet-FAST and
|
|
PCnet-FAST+. You need to install a different Ethernet
|
|
adapter.</para>
|
|
</answer>
|
|
</qandaentry>
|
|
<qandaentry>
|
|
<question>
|
|
<para>I have an IBM EtherJet PCI card, it is detected by the
|
|
&man.fxp.4; driver correctly, but the lights on the card don't
|
|
come on and it doesn't connect to the network.</para>
|
|
</question>
|
|
<answer>
|
|
<para>We don't understand why this happens. Neither do IBM
|
|
(we asked them). The card is a standard Intel EtherExpress
|
|
Pro/100 with an IBM label on it, and these cards normally
|
|
work just fine. You may see these symptoms only in some IBM
|
|
Netfinity servers. The only solution is to install a
|
|
different Ethernet adapter.</para>
|
|
</answer>
|
|
</qandaentry>
|
|
<qandaentry>
|
|
<question>
|
|
<para>When I configure the network during installation on an
|
|
IBM Netfinity 3500, the system freezes.</para>
|
|
</question>
|
|
<answer>
|
|
<para>There is a problem with the onboard Ethernet in the
|
|
Netfinity 3500 which we have not been able to identify at
|
|
this time. It may be related to the SMP features of the
|
|
system being misconfigured. You will have to install
|
|
another Ethernet adapter and avoid attempting to configure
|
|
the onboard adapter at any time.</para>
|
|
</answer>
|
|
</qandaentry>
|
|
<qandaentry>
|
|
<question>
|
|
<para>When I install onto a drive managed by a Mylex PCI
|
|
RAID controller, the system fails to boot (eg. with a
|
|
<literal>read error</literal> message).</para>
|
|
</question>
|
|
<answer>
|
|
<para>There is a bug in the Mylex driver which results in it
|
|
ignoring the <quote>8GB</quote> geometry mode setting in the
|
|
BIOS. Use the 2GB mode instead.</para>
|
|
</answer>
|
|
</qandaentry>
|
|
</qandaset>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
</sect1>
|