283 lines
9.1 KiB
Groff
283 lines
9.1 KiB
Groff
.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man version 1.15
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.\" Sun Jan 12 18:05:02 2003
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.\"
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.\" ======================================================================
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.\" ======================================================================
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.\"
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.IX Title "config 3"
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.TH config 3 "0.9.7" "2003-01-12" "OpenSSL"
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.UC
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.SH "NAME"
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config \- OpenSSL \s-1CONF\s0 library configuration files
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.SH "DESCRIPTION"
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.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
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The OpenSSL \s-1CONF\s0 library can be used to read configuration files.
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It is used for the OpenSSL master configuration file \fBopenssl.cnf\fR
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and in a few other places like \fB\s-1SPKAC\s0\fR files and certificate extension
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files for the \fBx509\fR utility.
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.PP
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A configuration file is divided into a number of sections. Each section
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starts with a line \fB[ section_name ]\fR and ends when a new section is
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started or end of file is reached. A section name can consist of
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alphanumeric characters and underscores.
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.PP
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The first section of a configuration file is special and is referred
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to as the \fBdefault\fR section this is usually unnamed and is from the
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start of file until the first named section. When a name is being looked up
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it is first looked up in a named section (if any) and then the
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default section.
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.PP
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The environment is mapped onto a section called \fB\s-1ENV\s0\fR.
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.PP
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Comments can be included by preceding them with the \fB#\fR character
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.PP
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Each section in a configuration file consists of a number of name and
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value pairs of the form \fBname=value\fR
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.PP
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The \fBname\fR string can contain any alphanumeric characters as well as
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a few punctuation symbols such as \fB.\fR \fB,\fR \fB;\fR and \fB_\fR.
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.PP
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The \fBvalue\fR string consists of the string following the \fB=\fR character
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until end of line with any leading and trailing white space removed.
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.PP
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The value string undergoes variable expansion. This can be done by
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including the form \fB$var\fR or \fB${var}\fR: this will substitute the value
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of the named variable in the current section. It is also possible to
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substitute a value from another section using the syntax \fB$section::name\fR
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or \fB${section::name}\fR. By using the form \fB$ENV::name\fR environment
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variables can be substituted. It is also possible to assign values to
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environment variables by using the name \fB\s-1ENV:\s0:name\fR, this will work
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if the program looks up environment variables using the \fB\s-1CONF\s0\fR library
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instead of calling \fB\f(BIgetenv()\fB\fR directly.
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.PP
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It is possible to escape certain characters by using any kind of quote
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or the \fB\e\fR character. By making the last character of a line a \fB\e\fR
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a \fBvalue\fR string can be spread across multiple lines. In addition
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the sequences \fB\en\fR, \fB\er\fR, \fB\eb\fR and \fB\et\fR are recognized.
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.SH "NOTES"
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.IX Header "NOTES"
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If a configuration file attempts to expand a variable that doesn't exist
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then an error is flagged and the file will not load. This can happen
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if an attempt is made to expand an environment variable that doesn't
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exist. For example the default OpenSSL master configuration file used
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the value of \fB\s-1HOME\s0\fR which may not be defined on non Unix systems.
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.PP
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This can be worked around by including a \fBdefault\fR section to provide
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a default value: then if the environment lookup fails the default value
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will be used instead. For this to work properly the default value must
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be defined earlier in the configuration file than the expansion. See
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the \fB\s-1EXAMPLES\s0\fR section for an example of how to do this.
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.PP
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If the same variable exists in the same section then all but the last
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value will be silently ignored. In certain circumstances such as with
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DNs the same field may occur multiple times. This is usually worked
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around by ignoring any characters before an initial \fB.\fR e.g.
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.PP
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.Vb 2
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\& 1.OU="My first OU"
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\& 2.OU="My Second OU"
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.Ve
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.SH "EXAMPLES"
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.IX Header "EXAMPLES"
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Here is a sample configuration file using some of the features
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mentioned above.
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.PP
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.Vb 1
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\& # This is the default section.
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.Ve
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.Vb 3
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\& HOME=/temp
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\& RANDFILE= ${ENV::HOME}/.rnd
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\& configdir=$ENV::HOME/config
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.Ve
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.Vb 1
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\& [ section_one ]
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.Ve
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.Vb 1
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\& # We are now in section one.
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.Ve
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.Vb 2
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\& # Quotes permit leading and trailing whitespace
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\& any = " any variable name "
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.Ve
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.Vb 3
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\& other = A string that can \e
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\& cover several lines \e
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\& by including \e\e characters
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.Ve
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.Vb 1
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\& message = Hello World\en
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.Ve
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.Vb 1
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\& [ section_two ]
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.Ve
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.Vb 1
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\& greeting = $section_one::message
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.Ve
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This next example shows how to expand environment variables safely.
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.PP
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Suppose you want a variable called \fBtmpfile\fR to refer to a
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temporary filename. The directory it is placed in can determined by
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the the \fB\s-1TEMP\s0\fR or \fB\s-1TMP\s0\fR environment variables but they may not be
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set to any value at all. If you just include the environment variable
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names and the variable doesn't exist then this will cause an error when
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an attempt is made to load the configuration file. By making use of the
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default section both values can be looked up with \fB\s-1TEMP\s0\fR taking
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priority and \fB/tmp\fR used if neither is defined:
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.PP
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.Vb 5
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\& TMP=/tmp
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\& # The above value is used if TMP isn't in the environment
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\& TEMP=$ENV::TMP
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\& # The above value is used if TEMP isn't in the environment
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\& tmpfile=${ENV::TEMP}/tmp.filename
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.Ve
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.SH "BUGS"
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.IX Header "BUGS"
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Currently there is no way to include characters using the octal \fB\ennn\fR
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form. Strings are all null terminated so nulls cannot form part of
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the value.
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.PP
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The escaping isn't quite right: if you want to use sequences like \fB\en\fR
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you can't use any quote escaping on the same line.
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.PP
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Files are loaded in a single pass. This means that an variable expansion
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will only work if the variables referenced are defined earlier in the
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file.
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.SH "SEE ALSO"
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.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
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x509(1), req(1), ca(1)
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