614 lines
21 KiB
Groff
614 lines
21 KiB
Groff
.\" $OpenBSD: dhcp-options.5,v 1.5 2005/03/02 15:30:42 jmc Exp $
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.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998 The Internet Software Consortium.
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\"
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. Neither the name of The Internet Software Consortium nor the names
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.\" of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
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.\" from this software without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE INTERNET SOFTWARE CONSORTIUM AND
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.\" CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
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.\" INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
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.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
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.\" DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE INTERNET SOFTWARE CONSORTIUM OR
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.\" CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
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.\" SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
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.\" LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
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.\" USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
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.\" ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
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.\" OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
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.\" OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" This software has been written for the Internet Software Consortium
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.\" by Ted Lemon <mellon@fugue.com> in cooperation with Vixie
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.\" Enterprises. To learn more about the Internet Software Consortium,
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.\" see ``http://www.isc.org/isc''. To learn more about Vixie
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.\" Enterprises, see ``http://www.vix.com''.
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.\"
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd January 1, 1995
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.Dt DHCP-OPTIONS 5
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm dhcp-options
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.Nd Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol options
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The Dynamic Host Configuration protocol allows the client to receive
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.Ic options
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from the DHCP server describing the network configuration and various
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services that are available on the network.
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When configuring
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.Xr dhcpd 8
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or
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.Xr dhclient 8 ,
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options must often be declared.
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The syntax for declaring options, and the names and formats of the options
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that can be declared, are documented here.
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.Sh REFERENCE: OPTION STATEMENTS
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DHCP
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.Ic option
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statements always start with the
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.Ic option
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keyword, followed by an option name, followed by option data.
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The option names and data formats are described below.
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It is not necessary to exhaustively specify all DHCP options -
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only those options which are needed by clients must be specified.
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.Pp
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Option data comes in a variety of formats, as defined below:
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.Pp
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The
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.Ar ip-address
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data type can be entered either as an explicit IP address
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(e.g.,
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.Li 239.254.197.10 )
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or as a domain name (e.g.,
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.Li haagen.isc.org ) .
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A domain name must resolve to a single IP address.
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.Pp
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The
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.Ar int32
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data type specifies a signed 32-bit integer.
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The
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.Ar uint32
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data type specifies an unsigned 32-bit integer.
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The
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.Ar int16
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and
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.Ar uint16
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data types specify signed and unsigned 16-bit integers.
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The
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.Ar int8
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and
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.Ar uint8
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data types specify signed and unsigned 8-bit integers.
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Unsigned 8-bit integers are also sometimes referred to as octets.
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.Pp
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The
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.Ar string
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data type specifies an
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.Tn NVT
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.Pq Network Virtual Terminal
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.Tn ASCII
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string, which must be enclosed in double quotes - for example,
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to specify a domain-name option, the syntax would be
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.Pp
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.Dl option domain-name \&"isc.org";
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.Pp
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The
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.Ar flag
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data type specifies a boolean value.
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Booleans can be either
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.Li true
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or
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.Li false
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(or
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.Li on
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or
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.Li off ,
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if that makes more sense to you).
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.Pp
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The
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.Ar data-string
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data type specifies either an
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.Tn NVT ASCII
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string enclosed in double quotes, or a series of octets specified in
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hexadecimal, separated by colons.
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For example:
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.Pp
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.Dl option dhcp-client-identifier \&"CLIENT-FOO";
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or
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.Dl option dhcp-client-identifier 43:4c:49:45:54:2d:46:4f:4f;
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.Pp
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The documentation for the various options mentioned below is taken
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from the IETF draft document on DHCP options, RFC 2132.
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Options which are not listed by name may be defined by the name
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.Li option- Ns Ar nnn ,
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where
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.Ar nnn
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is the decimal number of the option code.
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These options may be followed either by a string, enclosed in quotes, or by
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a series of octets, expressed as two-digit hexadecimal numbers separated
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by colons.
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For example:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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option option-133 "my-option-133-text";
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option option-129 1:54:c9:2b:47;
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.Ed
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.Pp
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Because
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.Xr dhcpd 8
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does not know the format of these undefined option codes,
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no checking is done to ensure the correctness of the entered data.
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.Pp
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The standard options are:
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.Ss RFC 1497 Vendor Extensions
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Ic option subnet-mask Ar ip-address ;
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The
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.Ic subnet-mask
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option specifies the client's subnet mask as per RFC 950.
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If no subnet-mask option is provided anywhere in scope, as a last resort
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.Xr dhcpd 8
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will use the subnet mask from the subnet declaration for the network on
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which an address is being assigned.
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However,
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.Em any
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subnet-mask option declaration that is in scope for the address being
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assigned will override the subnet mask specified in the subnet declaration.
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.It Ic option time-offset Ar int32 ;
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The
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.Ic time-offset
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option specifies the offset of the client's subnet in seconds from
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Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
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.It Xo
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.Ic option routers Ar ip-address
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.Oo , Ar ip-address ... Oc ;
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.Xc
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The
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.Ic routers
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option specifies a list of IP addresses for routers on the client's subnet.
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Routers should be listed in order of preference.
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.It Xo
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.Ic option time-servers Ar ip-address
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.Oo , Ar ip-address ... Oc ;
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.Xc
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The
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.Ic time-server
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option specifies a list of RFC 868 time servers available to the client.
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Servers should be listed in order of preference.
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.It Xo
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.Ic option ien116-name-servers Ar ip-address
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.Oo , Ar ip-address ... Oc ;
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.Xc
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The
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.Ic ien116-name-servers
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option specifies a list of IEN 116 name servers available to the client.
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Servers should be listed in order of preference.
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.It Xo
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.Ic option domain-name-servers Ar ip-address
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.Oo , Ar ip-address ... Oc ;
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.Xc
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The
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.Ic domain-name-servers
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option specifies a list of Domain Name System (STD 13, RFC 1035) name servers
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available to the client.
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Servers should be listed in order of preference.
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.It Xo
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.Ic option log-servers Ar ip-address
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.Oo , Ar ip-address ... Oc ;
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.Xc
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The
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.Ic log-servers
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option specifies a list of MIT-LCS UDP log servers available to the client.
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Servers should be listed in order of preference.
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.It Xo
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.Ic option cookie-servers Ar ip-address
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.Oo , Ar ip-address ... Oc ;
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.Xc
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The
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.Ic cookie-servers
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option specifies a list of RFC 865 cookie servers available to the client.
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Servers should be listed in order of preference.
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.It Xo
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.Ic option lpr-servers Ar ip-address
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.Oo , Ar ip-address ... Oc ;
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.Xc
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The
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.Ic lpr-servers
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option specifies a list of RFC 1179 line printer servers available to the
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client.
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Servers should be listed in order of preference.
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.It Xo
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.Ic option impress-servers Ar ip-address
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.Oo , Ar ip-address ... Oc ;
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.Xc
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The
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.Ic impress-servers
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option specifies a list of Imagen Impress servers available to the client.
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Servers should be listed in order of preference.
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.It Xo
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.Ic option resource-location-servers Ar ip-address
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.Oo , Ar ip-address ... Oc ;
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.Xc
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This option specifies a list of RFC 887 Resource Location servers available
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to the client.
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Servers should be listed in order of preference.
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.It Ic option host-name Ar string ;
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This option specifies the name of the client.
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The name may or may not be qualified with the local domain name
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(it is preferable to use the
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.Ic domain-name
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option to specify the domain name).
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See RFC 1035 for character set restrictions.
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.It Ic option boot-size Ar uint16 ;
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This option specifies the length in 512-octet blocks of the default
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boot image for the client.
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.It Ic option merit-dump Ar string ;
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This option specifies the pathname of a file to which the client's
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core image should be dumped in the event the client crashes.
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The path is formatted as a character string consisting of characters from
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the
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.Tn NVT ASCII
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character set.
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.It Ic option domain-name Ar string ;
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This option specifies the domain name that the client should use when
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resolving hostnames via the Domain Name System.
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.It Ic option domain-search Ar string ;
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This option specifies a list of domain names that the client should use
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when resolving hostnames via the Domain Name System.
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This option is defined in RFC 3397.
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.It Ic option swap-server Ar ip-address ;
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This specifies the IP address of the client's swap server.
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.It Ic option root-path Ar string ;
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This option specifies the pathname that contains the client's root disk.
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The path is formatted as a character string consisting of characters from
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the
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.Tn NVT ASCII
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character set.
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.El
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.Ss IP Layer Parameters per Host
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Ic option ip-forwarding Ar flag ;
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This option specifies whether the client should configure its IP layer
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for packet forwarding.
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A value of 0 means disable IP forwarding, and a value of 1 means enable
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IP forwarding.
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.It Ic option non-local-source-routing Ar flag ;
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This option specifies whether the client should configure its IP
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layer to allow forwarding of datagrams with non-local source routes
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(see Section 3.3.5 of [4] for a discussion of this topic).
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A value of 0 means disallow forwarding of such datagrams, and a value of 1
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means allow forwarding.
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.It Xo
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.Ic option policy-filter Ar ip-address ip-address
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.Oo , Ar ip-address ip-address ... Oc ;
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.Xc
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This option specifies policy filters for non-local source routing.
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The filters consist of a list of IP addresses and masks which specify
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destination/mask pairs with which to filter incoming source routes.
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.Pp
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Any source-routed datagram whose next-hop address does not match one
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of the filters should be discarded by the client.
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.Pp
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See STD 3 (RFC 1122) for further information.
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.It Ic option max-dgram-reassembly Ar uint16 ;
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This option specifies the maximum size datagram that the client should be
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prepared to reassemble.
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The minimum legal value is 576.
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.It Ic option default-ip-ttl Ar uint8 ;
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This option specifies the default time-to-live that the client should
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use on outgoing datagrams.
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.It Ic option path-mtu-aging-timeout Ar uint32 ;
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This option specifies the timeout (in seconds) to use when aging Path
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MTU values discovered by the mechanism defined in RFC 1191.
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.It Xo
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.Ic option path-mtu-plateau-table Ar uint16
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.Oo , Ar uint16 ... Oc ;
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.Xc
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This option specifies a table of MTU sizes to use when performing
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Path MTU Discovery as defined in RFC 1191.
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The table is formatted as a list of 16-bit unsigned integers,
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ordered from smallest to largest.
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The minimum MTU value cannot be smaller than 68.
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.El
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.Ss IP Layer Parameters per Interface
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Ic option interface-mtu Ar uint16 ;
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This option specifies the MTU to use on this interface.
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The minimum legal value for the MTU is 68.
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.It Ic option all-subnets-local Ar flag ;
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This option specifies whether or not the client may assume that all subnets
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of the IP network to which the client is connected use the same MTU as the
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subnet of that network to which the client is directly connected.
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A value of 1 indicates that all subnets share the same MTU.
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A value of 0 means that the client should assume that some subnets of the
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directly connected network may have smaller MTUs.
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.It Ic option broadcast-address Ar ip-address ;
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This option specifies the broadcast address in use on the client's subnet.
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Legal values for broadcast addresses are specified in section 3.2.1.3 of
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STD 3 (RFC 1122).
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.It Ic option perform-mask-discovery Ar flag ;
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This option specifies whether or not the client should perform subnet mask
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discovery using ICMP.
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A value of 0 indicates that the client should not perform mask discovery.
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A value of 1 means that the client should perform mask discovery.
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.It Ic option mask-supplier Ar flag ;
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This option specifies whether or not the client should respond to subnet mask
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requests using ICMP.
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A value of 0 indicates that the client should not respond.
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A value of 1 means that the client should respond.
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.It Ic option router-discovery Ar flag ;
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This option specifies whether or not the client should solicit routers using
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the Router Discovery mechanism defined in RFC 1256.
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A value of 0 indicates that the client should not perform router discovery.
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A value of 1 means that the client should perform router discovery.
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.It Ic option router-solicitation-address Ar ip-address ;
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This option specifies the address to which the client should transmit
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router solicitation requests.
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.It Xo
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.Ic option static-routes Ar ip-address ip-address
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.Oo , Ar ip-address ip-address ... Oc ;
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.Xc
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This option specifies a list of static routes that the client should
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install in its routing cache.
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If multiple routes to the same destination are specified, they are listed
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in descending order of priority.
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.Pp
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The routes consist of a list of IP address pairs.
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The first address is the destination address,
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and the second address is the router for the destination.
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.Pp
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The default route (0.0.0.0) is an illegal destination for a static route.
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To specify the default route, use the
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.Ic routers
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option.
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.El
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.Ss Link Layer Parameters per Interface
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Ic option trailer-encapsulation Ar flag ;
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This option specifies whether or not the client should negotiate the
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use of trailers (RFC 893 [14]) when using the ARP protocol.
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A value of 0 indicates that the client should not attempt to use trailers.
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A value of 1 means that the client should attempt to use trailers.
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.It Ic option arp-cache-timeout Ar uint32 ;
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This option specifies the timeout in seconds for ARP cache entries.
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.It Ic option ieee802-3-encapsulation Ar flag ;
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This option specifies whether or not the client should use Ethernet
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Version 2 (RFC 894) or IEEE 802.3 (RFC 1042) encapsulation if the
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interface is an Ethernet.
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A value of 0 indicates that the client should use RFC 894 encapsulation.
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A value of 1 means that the client should use RFC 1042 encapsulation.
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.El
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.Ss TCP Parameters
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Ic option default-tcp-ttl Ar uint8 ;
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This option specifies the default TTL that the client should use when
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sending TCP segments.
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The minimum value is 1.
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.It Ic option tcp-keepalive-interval Ar uint32 ;
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This option specifies the interval (in seconds) that the client TCP
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should wait before sending a keepalive message on a TCP connection.
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The time is specified as a 32-bit unsigned integer.
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A value of zero indicates that the client should not generate keepalive
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messages on connections unless specifically requested by an application.
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.It Ic option tcp-keepalive-garbage Ar flag ;
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This option specifies whether or not the client should send TCP keepalive
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messages with an octet of garbage for compatibility with older implementations.
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A value of 0 indicates that a garbage octet should not be sent.
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A value of 1 indicates that a garbage octet should be sent.
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.El
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.Ss Application and Service Parameters
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Ic option nis-domain Ar string ;
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This option specifies the name of the client's NIS (Sun Network Information
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Services) domain.
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The domain is formatted as a character string consisting of characters
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from the
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.Tn NVT ASCII
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character set.
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.It Xo
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.Ic option nis-servers Ar ip-address
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.Oo , Ar ip-address ... Oc ;
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.Xc
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This option specifies a list of IP addresses indicating NIS servers
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available to the client.
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Servers should be listed in order of preference.
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.It Xo
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.Ic option ntp-servers Ar ip-address
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.Oo , Ar ip-address ... Oc ;
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.Xc
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This option specifies a list of IP addresses indicating NTP (RFC 1305)
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servers available to the client.
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Servers should be listed in order of preference.
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.It Xo
|
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.Ic option netbios-name-servers Ar ip-address
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.Oo , Ar ip-address ... Oc ;
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.Xc
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The NetBIOS name server (NBNS) option specifies a list of RFC 1001/1002
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NBNS name servers listed in order of preference.
|
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NetBIOS Name Service is currently more commonly referred to as WINS.
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WINS servers can be specified using the
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.Ic netbios-name-servers
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option.
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.It Xo
|
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.Ic option netbios-dd-server Ar ip-address
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.Oo , Ar ip-address ... Oc ;
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.Xc
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The NetBIOS datagram distribution server (NBDD) option specifies a
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list of RFC 1001/1002 NBDD servers listed in order of preference.
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.It Ic option netbios-node-type Ar uint8 ;
|
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The NetBIOS node type option allows NetBIOS over TCP/IP clients which
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are configurable to be configured as described in RFC 1001/1002.
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The value is specified as a single octet which identifies the client type.
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.Pp
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Possible node types are:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It 1
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B-node: Broadcast - no WINS
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.It 2
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P-node: Peer - WINS only
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.It 4
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M-node: Mixed - broadcast, then WINS
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.It 8
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H-node: Hybrid - WINS, then broadcast
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.El
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.It Ic option netbios-scope Ar string ;
|
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The NetBIOS scope option specifies the NetBIOS over TCP/IP scope
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parameter for the client as specified in RFC 1001/1002.
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See RFC 1001, RFC 1002, and RFC 1035 for character-set restrictions.
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.It Xo
|
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.Ic option font-servers Ar ip-address
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|
.Oo , Ar ip-address ... Oc ;
|
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.Xc
|
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This option specifies a list of X Window System Font servers available
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to the client.
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Servers should be listed in order of preference.
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.It Xo
|
|
.Ic option x-display-manager Ar ip-address
|
|
.Oo , Ar ip-address ... Oc ;
|
|
.Xc
|
|
This option specifies a list of systems that are running the X Window
|
|
System Display Manager and are available to the client.
|
|
Addresses should be listed in order of preference.
|
|
.It Ic option dhcp-client-identifier Ar data-string ;
|
|
This option can be used to specify a DHCP client identifier in a
|
|
host declaration, so that
|
|
.Xr dhcpd 8
|
|
can find the host record by matching against the client identifier.
|
|
.It Ic option nisplus-domain Ar string ;
|
|
This option specifies the name of the client's NIS+ domain.
|
|
The domain is formatted as a character string consisting of characters
|
|
from the
|
|
.Tn NVT ASCII
|
|
character set.
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Ic option nisplus-servers Ar ip-address
|
|
.Oo , Ar ip-address ... Oc ;
|
|
.Xc
|
|
This option specifies a list of IP addresses indicating NIS+ servers
|
|
available to the client.
|
|
Servers should be listed in order of preference.
|
|
.It Ic option tftp-server-name Ar string ;
|
|
This option is used to identify a TFTP server and, if supported by the
|
|
client, should have the same effect as the
|
|
.Ic server-name
|
|
declaration.
|
|
BOOTP clients are unlikely to support this option.
|
|
Some DHCP clients will support it, and others actually require it.
|
|
.It Ic option bootfile-name Ar string ;
|
|
This option is used to identify a bootstrap file.
|
|
If supported by the client, it should have the same effect as the
|
|
.Ic filename
|
|
declaration.
|
|
BOOTP clients are unlikely to support this option.
|
|
Some DHCP clients will support it, and others actually require it.
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Ic option mobile-ip-home-agent Ar ip-address
|
|
.Oo , Ar ip-address ... Oc ;
|
|
.Xc
|
|
This option specifies a list of IP addresses indicating mobile IP
|
|
home agents available to the client.
|
|
Agents should be listed in order of preference, although normally there
|
|
will be only one such agent.
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Ic option smtp-server Ar ip-address
|
|
.Oo , Ar ip-address ... Oc ;
|
|
.Xc
|
|
The
|
|
.Ic smtp-server
|
|
option specifies a list of SMTP servers available to the client.
|
|
Servers should be listed in order of preference.
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Ic option pop-server Ar ip-address
|
|
.Oo , Ar ip-address ... Oc ;
|
|
.Xc
|
|
The
|
|
.Ic pop-server
|
|
option specifies a list of POP3 servers available to the client.
|
|
Servers should be listed in order of preference.
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Ic option nntp-server Ar ip-address
|
|
.Oo , Ar ip-address ... Oc ;
|
|
.Xc
|
|
The
|
|
.Ic nntp-server
|
|
option specifies a list of NNTP servers available to the client.
|
|
Servers should be listed in order of preference.
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Ic option www-server Ar ip-address
|
|
.Oo , Ar ip-address ... Oc ;
|
|
.Xc
|
|
The
|
|
.Ic www-server
|
|
option specifies a list of WWW servers available to the client.
|
|
Servers should be listed in order of preference.
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Ic option finger-server Ar ip-address
|
|
.Oo , Ar ip-address ... Oc ;
|
|
.Xc
|
|
The
|
|
.Ic finger-server
|
|
option specifies a list of
|
|
.Xr finger 1
|
|
servers available to the client.
|
|
Servers should be listed in order of preference.
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Ic option irc-server Ar ip-address
|
|
.Oo , Ar ip-address ... Oc ;
|
|
.Xc
|
|
The
|
|
.Ic irc-server
|
|
option specifies a list of IRC servers available to the client.
|
|
Servers should be listed in order of preference.
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Ic option streettalk-server Ar ip-address
|
|
.Oo , Ar ip-address ... Oc ;
|
|
.Xc
|
|
The
|
|
.Ic streettalk-server
|
|
option specifies a list of StreetTalk servers available to the client.
|
|
Servers should be listed in order of preference.
|
|
.It Xo
|
|
.Ic option streettalk-directory-assistance-server Ar ip-address
|
|
.Oo , Ar ip-address ... Oc ;
|
|
.Xc
|
|
The StreetTalk Directory Assistance (STDA) server option specifies a
|
|
list of STDA servers available to the client.
|
|
Servers should be listed in order of preference.
|
|
.It Ic option url Ar string ;
|
|
This option specifies the URL that the client may use when using UEFI
|
|
boot from a HTTP server.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr dhclient.conf 5 ,
|
|
.Xr dhcpd.conf 5 ,
|
|
.Xr dhcpd.leases 5 ,
|
|
.Xr dhclient 8 ,
|
|
.Xr dhcpd 8
|
|
.Rs
|
|
.%R "RFC 2131, RFC 2132, RFC 3769"
|
|
.Re
|
|
.Sh AUTHORS
|
|
.An -nosplit
|
|
The
|
|
.Xr dhcpd 8
|
|
utility
|
|
was written by
|
|
.An Ted Lemon Aq Mt mellon@vix.com
|
|
under a contract with Vixie Labs.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The current implementation was reworked by
|
|
.An Henning Brauer Aq Mt henning@openbsd.org .
|