2132 lines
90 KiB
HTML
2132 lines
90 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
|
|
<html>
|
|
<!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 6.5, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ -->
|
|
<head>
|
|
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
|
|
<title>Ntp-keygen User’s Manual</title>
|
|
|
|
<meta name="description" content="Ntp-keygen User’s Manual">
|
|
<meta name="keywords" content="Ntp-keygen User’s Manual">
|
|
<meta name="resource-type" content="document">
|
|
<meta name="distribution" content="global">
|
|
<meta name="Generator" content="makeinfo">
|
|
<link href="#Top" rel="start" title="Top">
|
|
<link href="dir.html#Top" rel="up" title="(dir)">
|
|
<style type="text/css">
|
|
<!--
|
|
a.summary-letter {text-decoration: none}
|
|
blockquote.indentedblock {margin-right: 0em}
|
|
blockquote.smallindentedblock {margin-right: 0em; font-size: smaller}
|
|
blockquote.smallquotation {font-size: smaller}
|
|
div.display {margin-left: 3.2em}
|
|
div.example {margin-left: 3.2em}
|
|
div.lisp {margin-left: 3.2em}
|
|
div.smalldisplay {margin-left: 3.2em}
|
|
div.smallexample {margin-left: 3.2em}
|
|
div.smalllisp {margin-left: 3.2em}
|
|
kbd {font-style: oblique}
|
|
pre.display {font-family: inherit}
|
|
pre.format {font-family: inherit}
|
|
pre.menu-comment {font-family: serif}
|
|
pre.menu-preformatted {font-family: serif}
|
|
pre.smalldisplay {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller}
|
|
pre.smallexample {font-size: smaller}
|
|
pre.smallformat {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller}
|
|
pre.smalllisp {font-size: smaller}
|
|
span.nolinebreak {white-space: nowrap}
|
|
span.roman {font-family: initial; font-weight: normal}
|
|
span.sansserif {font-family: sans-serif; font-weight: normal}
|
|
ul.no-bullet {list-style: none}
|
|
-->
|
|
</style>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</head>
|
|
|
|
<body lang="en">
|
|
<h1 class="settitle" align="center">Ntp-keygen User’s Manual</h1>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a name="SEC_Overview"></a>
|
|
<h2 class="shortcontents-heading">Short Table of Contents</h2>
|
|
|
|
<div class="shortcontents">
|
|
<ul class="no-bullet">
|
|
<li><a name="stoc-Description-1" href="#toc-Description-1">1 Description</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Description" accesskey="1">Description</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-Invocation" accesskey="2">ntp-keygen Invocation</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Invoking ntp-keygen
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Running-the-Program" accesskey="3">Running the Program</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Random-Seed-File" accesskey="4">Random Seed File</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Cryptographic-Data-Files" accesskey="5">Cryptographic Data Files</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
<a name="Top"></a>
|
|
<div class="header">
|
|
<p>
|
|
Next: <a href="#Description" accesskey="n" rel="next">Description</a>, Previous: <a href="dir.html#Top" accesskey="p" rel="prev">(dir)</a>, Up: <a href="dir.html#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">(dir)</a> </p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<a name="NTP-Key-Generation-Program-User-Manual"></a>
|
|
<h1 class="top">NTP Key Generation Program User Manual</h1>
|
|
|
|
<p>This document describes the use of the NTP Project’s <code>ntp-keygen</code>
|
|
program, that generates cryptographic data files used by the NTPv4
|
|
authentication and identity schemes.
|
|
It can generate message digest keys used in symmetric key cryptography and,
|
|
if the OpenSSL software
|
|
library has been installed, it can generate host keys, sign keys,
|
|
certificates, and identity keys and parameters used by the Autokey
|
|
public key cryptography.
|
|
The message digest keys file is generated in a
|
|
format compatible with NTPv3.
|
|
All other files are in PEM-encoded
|
|
printable ASCII format so they can be embedded as MIME attachments in
|
|
mail to other sites.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>This document applies to version 4.2.8p14 of <code>ntp-keygen</code>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Description" accesskey="1">Description</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<a name="Description"></a>
|
|
<div class="header">
|
|
<p>
|
|
Next: <a href="#Running-the-Program" accesskey="n" rel="next">Running the Program</a>, Previous: <a href="#Top" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Top</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> </p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<a name="Description-1"></a>
|
|
<h2 class="chapter">1 Description</h2>
|
|
|
|
<p>This program generates cryptographic data files used by the NTPv4
|
|
authentication and identity schemes. It can generate message digest
|
|
keys used in symmetric key cryptography and, if the OpenSSL software
|
|
library has been installed, it can generate host keys, sign keys,
|
|
certificates, and identity keys and parameters used by the Autokey
|
|
public key cryptography. The message digest keys file is generated in a
|
|
format compatible with NTPv3. All other files are in PEM-encoded
|
|
printable ASCII format so they can be embedded as MIME attachments in
|
|
mail to other sites.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>When used to generate message digest keys, the program produces a file
|
|
containing ten pseudo-random printable ASCII strings suitable for the
|
|
MD5 message digest algorithm included in the distribution.
|
|
If the
|
|
OpenSSL library is installed, it produces an additional ten hex-encoded
|
|
random bit strings suitable for the SHA1 and other message digest
|
|
algorithms.
|
|
The message digest keys file must be distributed and stored
|
|
using secure means beyond the scope of NTP itself.
|
|
Besides the keys
|
|
used for ordinary NTP associations, additional keys can be defined as
|
|
passwords for the ntpq and ntpdc utility programs.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>The remaining generated files are compatible with other OpenSSL
|
|
applications and other Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) resources.
|
|
Certificates generated by this program are compatible with extant
|
|
industry practice, although some users might find the interpretation of
|
|
X509v3 extension fields somewhat liberal.
|
|
However, the identity keys
|
|
are probably not compatible with anything other than Autokey.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Some files used by this program are encrypted using a private password.
|
|
The <code>-p</code> option specifies the password for local encrypted files and the
|
|
<code>-q</code> option the password for encrypted files sent to remote sites.
|
|
If no password is specified, the host name returned by the Unix
|
|
<code>gethostname()</code> function, normally the DNS name of the host, is used.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>The <kbd>pw</kbd> option of the <code>crypto</code> configuration command
|
|
specifies the read password for previously encrypted local files.
|
|
This must match the local password used by this program.
|
|
If not specified, the host name is used.
|
|
Thus, if files are generated by this program without password,
|
|
they can be read back by ntpd without password, but only on the same
|
|
host.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Normally, encrypted files for each host are generated by that host and
|
|
used only by that host, although exceptions exist as noted later on
|
|
this page.
|
|
The symmetric keys file, normally called <code>ntp.keys</code>, is
|
|
usually installed in <code>/etc</code>.
|
|
Other files and links are usually installed
|
|
in <code>/usr/local/etc</code>, which is normally in a shared filesystem in
|
|
NFS-mounted networks and cannot be changed by shared clients.
|
|
The location of the keys directory can be changed by the keysdir
|
|
configuration command in such cases.
|
|
Normally, this is in <code>/etc</code>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>This program directs commentary and error messages to the standard
|
|
error stream <code>stderr</code> and remote files to the standard output stream
|
|
<code>stdout</code> where they can be piped to other applications or redirected to
|
|
files.
|
|
The names used for generated files and links all begin with the
|
|
string <code>ntpkey</code> and include the file type,
|
|
generating host and filestamp,
|
|
as described in the <a href="#Cryptographic-Data-Files">Cryptographic Data Files</a> section below.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Running-the-Program" accesskey="1">Running the Program</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-Invocation" accesskey="2">ntp-keygen Invocation</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Random-Seed-File" accesskey="3">Random Seed File</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#Cryptographic-Data-Files" accesskey="4">Cryptographic Data Files</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<a name="Running-the-Program"></a>
|
|
<div class="header">
|
|
<p>
|
|
Next: <a href="#Random-Seed-File" accesskey="n" rel="next">Random Seed File</a>, Previous: <a href="#Description" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Description</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> </p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<a name="Running-the-Program-1"></a>
|
|
<h3 class="section">1.1 Running the Program</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>To test and gain experience with Autokey concepts, log in as root and
|
|
change to the keys directory, usually <code>/usr/local/etc</code>.
|
|
When run for the
|
|
first time, or if all files with names beginning <code>ntpkey</code>] have been
|
|
removed, use the <code>ntp-keygen</code> command without arguments to generate a
|
|
default RSA host key and matching RSA-MD5 certificate with expiration
|
|
date one year hence.
|
|
If run again without options, the program uses the
|
|
existing keys and parameters and generates only a new certificate with
|
|
new expiration date one year hence.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Run the command on as many hosts as necessary.
|
|
Designate one of them as the trusted host (TH) using <code>ntp-keygen</code>
|
|
with the <code>-T</code> option and configure
|
|
it to synchronize from reliable Internet servers.
|
|
Then configure the other hosts to synchronize to the TH directly or indirectly.
|
|
A certificate trail is created when Autokey asks the immediately
|
|
ascendant host towards the TH to sign its certificate, which is then
|
|
provided to the immediately descendant host on request.
|
|
All group hosts should have acyclic certificate trails ending on the TH.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>The host key is used to encrypt the cookie when required and so must be
|
|
RSA type.
|
|
By default, the host key is also the sign key used to encrypt signatures.
|
|
A different sign key can be assigned using the <code>-S</code> option
|
|
and this can be either RSA or DSA type.
|
|
By default, the signature
|
|
message digest type is MD5, but any combination of sign key type and
|
|
message digest type supported by the OpenSSL library can be specified
|
|
using the <code>-c</code> option.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>The rules say cryptographic media should be generated with proventic
|
|
filestamps, which means the host should already be synchronized before
|
|
this program is run.
|
|
This of course creates a chicken-and-egg problem
|
|
when the host is started for the first time.
|
|
Accordingly, the host time
|
|
should be set by some other means, such as eyeball-and-wristwatch, at
|
|
least so that the certificate lifetime is within the current year.
|
|
After that and when the host is synchronized to a proventic source, the
|
|
certificate should be re-generated.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Additional information on trusted groups and identity schemes is on the
|
|
Autokey Public-Key Authentication page.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<a name="ntp_002dkeygen-Invocation"></a>
|
|
<div class="header">
|
|
<p>
|
|
Next: <a href="#Random-Seed-File" accesskey="n" rel="next">Random Seed File</a>, Previous: <a href="#Running-the-Program" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Running the Program</a>, Up: <a href="#Description" accesskey="u" rel="up">Description</a> </p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<a name="Invoking-ntp_002dkeygen"></a>
|
|
<h3 class="section">1.2 Invoking ntp-keygen</h3>
|
|
<a name="index-ntp_002dkeygen"></a>
|
|
<a name="index-Create-a-NTP-host-key"></a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>This program generates cryptographic data files used by the NTPv4
|
|
authentication and identification schemes.
|
|
It can generate message digest keys used in symmetric key cryptography and,
|
|
if the OpenSSL software library has been installed, it can generate host keys,
|
|
signing keys, certificates, and identity keys and parameters used in Autokey
|
|
public key cryptography.
|
|
These files are used for cookie encryption,
|
|
digital signature, and challenge/response identification algorithms
|
|
compatible with the Internet standard security infrastructure.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>The message digest symmetric keys file is generated in a format
|
|
compatible with NTPv3.
|
|
All other files are in PEM-encoded printable ASCII format,
|
|
so they can be embedded as MIME attachments in email to other sites
|
|
and certificate authorities.
|
|
By default, files are not encrypted.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>When used to generate message digest symmetric keys, the program
|
|
produces a file containing ten pseudo-random printable ASCII strings
|
|
suitable for the MD5 message digest algorithm included in the
|
|
distribution.
|
|
If the OpenSSL library is installed, it produces an additional ten
|
|
hex-encoded random bit strings suitable for SHA1, AES-128-CMAC, and
|
|
other message digest algorithms.
|
|
The message digest symmetric keys file must be distributed and stored
|
|
using secure means beyond the scope of NTP itself.
|
|
Besides the keys used for ordinary NTP associations, additional keys
|
|
can be defined as passwords for the
|
|
<code>ntpq(1ntpqmdoc)</code>
|
|
and
|
|
<code>ntpdc(1ntpdcmdoc)</code>
|
|
utility programs.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>The remaining generated files are compatible with other OpenSSL
|
|
applications and other Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) resources.
|
|
Certificates generated by this program are compatible with extant
|
|
industry practice, although some users might find the interpretation of
|
|
X509v3 extension fields somewhat liberal.
|
|
However, the identity keys are probably not compatible with anything
|
|
other than Autokey.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Some files used by this program are encrypted using a private password.
|
|
The
|
|
<code>-p</code>
|
|
option specifies the read password for local encrypted files and the
|
|
<code>-q</code>
|
|
option the write password for encrypted files sent to remote sites.
|
|
If no password is specified, the host name returned by the Unix
|
|
<code>hostname(1)</code>
|
|
command, normally the DNS name of the host, is used as the the default read
|
|
password, for convenience.
|
|
The
|
|
<code>ntp-keygen</code>
|
|
program prompts for the password if it reads an encrypted file
|
|
and the password is missing or incorrect.
|
|
If an encrypted file is read successfully and
|
|
no write password is specified, the read password is used
|
|
as the write password by default.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>The
|
|
<code>pw</code>
|
|
option of the
|
|
<code>crypto</code>
|
|
<code>ntpd(1ntpdmdoc)</code>
|
|
configuration command specifies the read
|
|
password for previously encrypted local files.
|
|
This must match the local read password used by this program.
|
|
If not specified, the host name is used.
|
|
Thus, if files are generated by this program without an explicit password,
|
|
they can be read back by
|
|
<code>ntpd(1ntpdmdoc)</code>
|
|
without specifying an explicit password but only on the same host.
|
|
If the write password used for encryption is specified as the host name,
|
|
these files can be read by that host with no explicit password.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Normally, encrypted files for each host are generated by that host and
|
|
used only by that host, although exceptions exist as noted later on
|
|
this page.
|
|
The symmetric keys file, normally called
|
|
<samp>ntp.keys</samp>,
|
|
is usually installed in
|
|
<samp>/etc</samp>.
|
|
Other files and links are usually installed in
|
|
<samp>/usr/local/etc</samp>,
|
|
which is normally in a shared filesystem in
|
|
NFS-mounted networks and cannot be changed by shared clients.
|
|
In these cases, NFS clients can specify the files in another
|
|
directory such as
|
|
<samp>/etc</samp>
|
|
using the
|
|
<code>keysdir</code>
|
|
<code>ntpd(1ntpdmdoc)</code>
|
|
configuration file command.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>This program directs commentary and error messages to the standard
|
|
error stream
|
|
<samp>stderr</samp>
|
|
and remote files to the standard output stream
|
|
<samp>stdout</samp>
|
|
where they can be piped to other applications or redirected to files.
|
|
The names used for generated files and links all begin with the
|
|
string
|
|
<samp>ntpkey*</samp>
|
|
and include the file type, generating host and filestamp,
|
|
as described in the
|
|
<a href="#Cryptographic-Data-Files">Cryptographic Data Files</a>
|
|
section below.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-usage" accesskey="1">ntp-keygen usage</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-imbits" accesskey="2">ntp-keygen imbits</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-certificate" accesskey="3">ntp-keygen certificate</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-cipher" accesskey="4">ntp-keygen cipher</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-id_002dkey" accesskey="5">ntp-keygen id-key</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-gq_002dparams" accesskey="6">ntp-keygen gq-params</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-host_002dkey" accesskey="7">ntp-keygen host-key</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-iffkey" accesskey="8">ntp-keygen iffkey</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-ident" accesskey="9">ntp-keygen ident</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-lifetime">ntp-keygen lifetime</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-modulus">ntp-keygen modulus</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-md5key">ntp-keygen md5key</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-pvt_002dcert">ntp-keygen pvt-cert</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-password">ntp-keygen password</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-export_002dpasswd">ntp-keygen export-passwd</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-subject_002dname">ntp-keygen subject-name</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-sign_002dkey">ntp-keygen sign-key</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-trusted_002dcert">ntp-keygen trusted-cert</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-mv_002dparams">ntp-keygen mv-params</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-mv_002dkeys">ntp-keygen mv-keys</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-config">ntp-keygen config</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-exit-status">ntp-keygen exit status</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-Usage">ntp-keygen Usage</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-Notes">ntp-keygen Notes</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-Bugs">ntp-keygen Bugs</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
<a name="Running-the-Program-2"></a>
|
|
<h4 class="subsection">1.2.1 Running the Program</h4>
|
|
<p>The safest way to run the
|
|
<code>ntp-keygen</code>
|
|
program is logged in directly as root.
|
|
The recommended procedure is change to the
|
|
<kbd>keys</kbd>
|
|
directory, usually
|
|
<samp>/usr/local/etc</samp>,
|
|
then run the program.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>To test and gain experience with Autokey concepts, log in as root and
|
|
change to the
|
|
<kbd>keys</kbd>
|
|
directory, usually
|
|
<samp>/usr/local/etc</samp>.
|
|
When run for the first time, or if all files with names beginning with
|
|
<samp>ntpkey*</samp>
|
|
have been removed, use the
|
|
<code>ntp-keygen</code>
|
|
command without arguments to generate a default
|
|
<code>RSA</code>
|
|
host key and matching
|
|
<code>RSA-MD5</code>
|
|
certificate file with expiration date one year hence,
|
|
which is all that is necessary in many cases.
|
|
The program also generates soft links from the generic names
|
|
to the respective files.
|
|
If run again without options, the program uses the
|
|
existing keys and parameters and generates a new certificate file with
|
|
new expiration date one year hence, and soft link.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>The host key is used to encrypt the cookie when required and so must be
|
|
<code>RSA</code>
|
|
type.
|
|
By default, the host key is also the sign key used to encrypt signatures.
|
|
When necessary, a different sign key can be specified and this can be
|
|
either
|
|
<code>RSA</code>
|
|
or
|
|
<code>DSA</code>
|
|
type.
|
|
By default, the message digest type is
|
|
<code>MD5</code>,
|
|
but any combination
|
|
of sign key type and message digest type supported by the OpenSSL library
|
|
can be specified, including those using the
|
|
<code>AES128CMAC</code>, <code>MD2</code>, <code>MD5</code>, <code>MDC2</code>, <code>SHA</code>, <code>SHA1</code>
|
|
and
|
|
<code>RIPE160</code>
|
|
message digest algorithms.
|
|
However, the scheme specified in the certificate must be compatible
|
|
with the sign key.
|
|
Certificates using any digest algorithm are compatible with
|
|
<code>RSA</code>
|
|
sign keys;
|
|
however, only
|
|
<code>SHA</code>
|
|
and
|
|
<code>SHA1</code>
|
|
certificates are compatible with
|
|
<code>DSA</code>
|
|
sign keys.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Private/public key files and certificates are compatible with
|
|
other OpenSSL applications and very likely other libraries as well.
|
|
Certificates or certificate requests derived from them should be compatible
|
|
with extant industry practice, although some users might find
|
|
the interpretation of X509v3 extension fields somewhat liberal.
|
|
However, the identification parameter files, although encoded
|
|
as the other files, are probably not compatible with anything other than Autokey.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Running the program as other than root and using the Unix
|
|
<code>su(1)</code>
|
|
command
|
|
to assume root may not work properly, since by default the OpenSSL library
|
|
looks for the random seed file
|
|
<samp>.rnd</samp>
|
|
in the user home directory.
|
|
However, there should be only one
|
|
<samp>.rnd</samp>,
|
|
most conveniently
|
|
in the root directory, so it is convenient to define the
|
|
.Ev RANDFILE
|
|
environment variable used by the OpenSSL library as the path to
|
|
<samp>.rnd</samp>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Installing the keys as root might not work in NFS-mounted
|
|
shared file systems, as NFS clients may not be able to write
|
|
to the shared keys directory, even as root.
|
|
In this case, NFS clients can specify the files in another
|
|
directory such as
|
|
<samp>/etc</samp>
|
|
using the
|
|
<code>keysdir</code>
|
|
<code>ntpd(1ntpdmdoc)</code>
|
|
configuration file command.
|
|
There is no need for one client to read the keys and certificates
|
|
of other clients or servers, as these data are obtained automatically
|
|
by the Autokey protocol.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Ordinarily, cryptographic files are generated by the host that uses them,
|
|
but it is possible for a trusted agent (TA) to generate these files
|
|
for other hosts; however, in such cases files should always be encrypted.
|
|
The subject name and trusted name default to the hostname
|
|
of the host generating the files, but can be changed by command line options.
|
|
It is convenient to designate the owner name and trusted name
|
|
as the subject and issuer fields, respectively, of the certificate.
|
|
The owner name is also used for the host and sign key files,
|
|
while the trusted name is used for the identity files.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>All files are installed by default in the keys directory
|
|
<samp>/usr/local/etc</samp>,
|
|
which is normally in a shared filesystem
|
|
in NFS-mounted networks.
|
|
The actual location of the keys directory
|
|
and each file can be overridden by configuration commands,
|
|
but this is not recommended.
|
|
Normally, the files for each host are generated by that host
|
|
and used only by that host, although exceptions exist
|
|
as noted later on this page.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Normally, files containing private values,
|
|
including the host key, sign key and identification parameters,
|
|
are permitted root read/write-only;
|
|
while others containing public values are permitted world readable.
|
|
Alternatively, files containing private values can be encrypted
|
|
and these files permitted world readable,
|
|
which simplifies maintenance in shared file systems.
|
|
Since uniqueness is insured by the
|
|
<kbd>hostname</kbd>
|
|
and
|
|
<kbd>filestamp</kbd>
|
|
file name extensions, the files for an NTP server and
|
|
dependent clients can all be installed in the same shared directory.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>The recommended practice is to keep the file name extensions
|
|
when installing a file and to install a soft link
|
|
from the generic names specified elsewhere on this page
|
|
to the generated files.
|
|
This allows new file generations to be activated simply
|
|
by changing the link.
|
|
If a link is present,
|
|
<code>ntpd(1ntpdmdoc)</code>
|
|
follows it to the file name to extract the
|
|
<kbd>filestamp</kbd>.
|
|
If a link is not present,
|
|
<code>ntpd(1ntpdmdoc)</code>
|
|
extracts the
|
|
<kbd>filestamp</kbd>
|
|
from the file itself.
|
|
This allows clients to verify that the file and generation times
|
|
are always current.
|
|
The
|
|
<code>ntp-keygen</code>
|
|
program uses the same
|
|
<kbd>filestamp</kbd>
|
|
extension for all files generated
|
|
at one time, so each generation is distinct and can be readily
|
|
recognized in monitoring data.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Run the command on as many hosts as necessary.
|
|
Designate one of them as the trusted host (TH) using
|
|
<code>ntp-keygen</code>
|
|
with the
|
|
<code>-T</code>
|
|
option and configure it to synchronize from reliable Internet servers.
|
|
Then configure the other hosts to synchronize to the TH directly or
|
|
indirectly.
|
|
A certificate trail is created when Autokey asks the immediately
|
|
ascendant host towards the TH to sign its certificate, which is then
|
|
provided to the immediately descendant host on request.
|
|
All group hosts should have acyclic certificate trails ending on the TH.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>The host key is used to encrypt the cookie when required and so must be
|
|
RSA type.
|
|
By default, the host key is also the sign key used to encrypt
|
|
signatures.
|
|
A different sign key can be assigned using the
|
|
<code>-S</code>
|
|
option and this can be either
|
|
<code>RSA</code>
|
|
or
|
|
<code>DSA</code>
|
|
type.
|
|
By default, the signature
|
|
message digest type is
|
|
<code>MD5</code>,
|
|
but any combination of sign key type and
|
|
message digest type supported by the OpenSSL library can be specified
|
|
using the
|
|
<code>-c</code>
|
|
option.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>The rules say cryptographic media should be generated with proventic
|
|
filestamps, which means the host should already be synchronized before
|
|
this program is run.
|
|
This of course creates a chicken-and-egg problem
|
|
when the host is started for the first time.
|
|
Accordingly, the host time
|
|
should be set by some other means, such as eyeball-and-wristwatch, at
|
|
least so that the certificate lifetime is within the current year.
|
|
After that and when the host is synchronized to a proventic source, the
|
|
certificate should be re-generated.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Additional information on trusted groups and identity schemes is on the
|
|
“Autokey Public-Key Authentication”
|
|
page.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>File names begin with the prefix
|
|
<samp>ntpkey</samp>_
|
|
and end with the suffix
|
|
<samp>_</samp><kbd>hostname</kbd>. <kbd>filestamp</kbd>,
|
|
where
|
|
<kbd>hostname</kbd>
|
|
is the owner name, usually the string returned
|
|
by the Unix
|
|
<code>hostname(1)</code>
|
|
command, and
|
|
<kbd>filestamp</kbd>
|
|
is the NTP seconds when the file was generated, in decimal digits.
|
|
This both guarantees uniqueness and simplifies maintenance
|
|
procedures, since all files can be quickly removed
|
|
by a
|
|
<code>rm</code> <samp>ntpkey*</samp>
|
|
command or all files generated
|
|
at a specific time can be removed by a
|
|
<code>rm</code> <samp>*</samp><kbd>filestamp</kbd>
|
|
command.
|
|
To further reduce the risk of misconfiguration,
|
|
the first two lines of a file contain the file name
|
|
and generation date and time as comments.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<a name="Trusted-Hosts-and-Groups"></a>
|
|
<h4 class="subsubsection">1.2.1.1 Trusted Hosts and Groups</h4>
|
|
<p>Each cryptographic configuration involves selection of a signature scheme
|
|
and identification scheme, called a cryptotype,
|
|
as explained in the
|
|
‘Authentication Options’
|
|
section of
|
|
<code>ntp.conf(5)</code>.
|
|
The default cryptotype uses
|
|
<code>RSA</code>
|
|
encryption,
|
|
<code>MD5</code>
|
|
message digest
|
|
and
|
|
<code>TC</code>
|
|
identification.
|
|
First, configure a NTP subnet including one or more low-stratum
|
|
trusted hosts from which all other hosts derive synchronization
|
|
directly or indirectly.
|
|
Trusted hosts have trusted certificates;
|
|
all other hosts have nontrusted certificates.
|
|
These hosts will automatically and dynamically build authoritative
|
|
certificate trails to one or more trusted hosts.
|
|
A trusted group is the set of all hosts that have, directly or indirectly,
|
|
a certificate trail ending at a trusted host.
|
|
The trail is defined by static configuration file entries
|
|
or dynamic means described on the
|
|
‘Automatic NTP Configuration Options’
|
|
section of
|
|
<code>ntp.conf(5)</code>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>On each trusted host as root, change to the keys directory.
|
|
To insure a fresh fileset, remove all
|
|
<samp>ntpkey</samp>
|
|
files.
|
|
Then run
|
|
<code>ntp-keygen</code>
|
|
<code>-T</code>
|
|
to generate keys and a trusted certificate.
|
|
On all other hosts do the same, but leave off the
|
|
<code>-T</code>
|
|
flag to generate keys and nontrusted certificates.
|
|
When complete, start the NTP daemons beginning at the lowest stratum
|
|
and working up the tree.
|
|
It may take some time for Autokey to instantiate the certificate trails
|
|
throughout the subnet, but setting up the environment is completely automatic.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>If it is necessary to use a different sign key or different digest/signature
|
|
scheme than the default, run
|
|
<code>ntp-keygen</code>
|
|
with the
|
|
<code>-S</code> <kbd>type</kbd>
|
|
option, where
|
|
<kbd>type</kbd>
|
|
is either
|
|
<code>RSA</code>
|
|
or
|
|
<code>DSA</code>.
|
|
The most frequent need to do this is when a
|
|
<code>DSA</code>-signed
|
|
certificate is used.
|
|
If it is necessary to use a different certificate scheme than the default,
|
|
run
|
|
<code>ntp-keygen</code>
|
|
with the
|
|
<code>-c</code> <kbd>scheme</kbd>
|
|
option and selected
|
|
<kbd>scheme</kbd>
|
|
as needed.
|
|
If
|
|
<code>ntp-keygen</code>
|
|
is run again without these options, it generates a new certificate
|
|
using the same scheme and sign key, and soft link.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>After setting up the environment it is advisable to update certificates
|
|
from time to time, if only to extend the validity interval.
|
|
Simply run
|
|
<code>ntp-keygen</code>
|
|
with the same flags as before to generate new certificates
|
|
using existing keys, and soft links.
|
|
However, if the host or sign key is changed,
|
|
<code>ntpd(1ntpdmdoc)</code>
|
|
should be restarted.
|
|
When
|
|
<code>ntpd(1ntpdmdoc)</code>
|
|
is restarted, it loads any new files and restarts the protocol.
|
|
Other dependent hosts will continue as usual until signatures are refreshed,
|
|
at which time the protocol is restarted.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<a name="Identity-Schemes"></a>
|
|
<h4 class="subsubsection">1.2.1.2 Identity Schemes</h4>
|
|
<p>As mentioned on the Autonomous Authentication page,
|
|
the default
|
|
<code>TC</code>
|
|
identity scheme is vulnerable to a middleman attack.
|
|
However, there are more secure identity schemes available,
|
|
including
|
|
<code>PC</code>, <code>IFF</code>, <code>GQ</code>
|
|
and
|
|
<code>MV</code>
|
|
schemes described below.
|
|
These schemes are based on a TA, one or more trusted hosts
|
|
and some number of nontrusted hosts.
|
|
Trusted hosts prove identity using values provided by the TA,
|
|
while the remaining hosts prove identity using values provided
|
|
by a trusted host and certificate trails that end on that host.
|
|
The name of a trusted host is also the name of its sugroup
|
|
and also the subject and issuer name on its trusted certificate.
|
|
The TA is not necessarily a trusted host in this sense, but often is.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>In some schemes there are separate keys for servers and clients.
|
|
A server can also be a client of another server,
|
|
but a client can never be a server for another client.
|
|
In general, trusted hosts and nontrusted hosts that operate
|
|
as both server and client have parameter files that contain
|
|
both server and client keys.
|
|
Hosts that operate
|
|
only as clients have key files that contain only client keys.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>The PC scheme supports only one trusted host in the group.
|
|
On trusted host alice run
|
|
<code>ntp-keygen</code>
|
|
<code>-P</code>
|
|
<code>-p</code> <kbd>password</kbd>
|
|
to generate the host key file
|
|
<samp>ntpkey</samp>_ <code>RSA</code> <samp>key_alice.</samp> <kbd>filestamp</kbd>
|
|
and trusted private certificate file
|
|
<samp>ntpkey</samp>_ <code>RSA-MD5</code> <code>_</code> <samp>cert_alice.</samp> <kbd>filestamp</kbd>,
|
|
and soft links.
|
|
Copy both files to all group hosts;
|
|
they replace the files which would be generated in other schemes.
|
|
On each host
|
|
<kbd>bob</kbd>
|
|
install a soft link from the generic name
|
|
<samp>ntpkey_host_</samp><kbd>bob</kbd>
|
|
to the host key file and soft link
|
|
<samp>ntpkey_cert_</samp><kbd>bob</kbd>
|
|
to the private certificate file.
|
|
Note the generic links are on bob, but point to files generated
|
|
by trusted host alice.
|
|
In this scheme it is not possible to refresh
|
|
either the keys or certificates without copying them
|
|
to all other hosts in the group, and recreating the soft links.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>For the
|
|
<code>IFF</code>
|
|
scheme proceed as in the
|
|
<code>TC</code>
|
|
scheme to generate keys
|
|
and certificates for all group hosts, then for every trusted host in the group,
|
|
generate the
|
|
<code>IFF</code>
|
|
parameter file.
|
|
On trusted host alice run
|
|
<code>ntp-keygen</code>
|
|
<code>-T</code>
|
|
<code>-I</code>
|
|
<code>-p</code> <kbd>password</kbd>
|
|
to produce her parameter file
|
|
<samp>ntpkey_IFFpar_alice.</samp><kbd>filestamp</kbd>,
|
|
which includes both server and client keys.
|
|
Copy this file to all group hosts that operate as both servers
|
|
and clients and install a soft link from the generic
|
|
<samp>ntpkey_iff_alice</samp>
|
|
to this file.
|
|
If there are no hosts restricted to operate only as clients,
|
|
there is nothing further to do.
|
|
As the
|
|
<code>IFF</code>
|
|
scheme is independent
|
|
of keys and certificates, these files can be refreshed as needed.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>If a rogue client has the parameter file, it could masquerade
|
|
as a legitimate server and present a middleman threat.
|
|
To eliminate this threat, the client keys can be extracted
|
|
from the parameter file and distributed to all restricted clients.
|
|
After generating the parameter file, on alice run
|
|
<code>ntp-keygen</code>
|
|
<code>-e</code>
|
|
and pipe the output to a file or email program.
|
|
Copy or email this file to all restricted clients.
|
|
On these clients install a soft link from the generic
|
|
<samp>ntpkey_iff_alice</samp>
|
|
to this file.
|
|
To further protect the integrity of the keys,
|
|
each file can be encrypted with a secret password.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>For the
|
|
<code>GQ</code>
|
|
scheme proceed as in the
|
|
<code>TC</code>
|
|
scheme to generate keys
|
|
and certificates for all group hosts, then for every trusted host
|
|
in the group, generate the
|
|
<code>IFF</code>
|
|
parameter file.
|
|
On trusted host alice run
|
|
<code>ntp-keygen</code>
|
|
<code>-T</code>
|
|
<code>-G</code>
|
|
<code>-p</code> <kbd>password</kbd>
|
|
to produce her parameter file
|
|
<samp>ntpkey_GQpar_alice.</samp><kbd>filestamp</kbd>,
|
|
which includes both server and client keys.
|
|
Copy this file to all group hosts and install a soft link
|
|
from the generic
|
|
<samp>ntpkey_gq_alice</samp>
|
|
to this file.
|
|
In addition, on each host
|
|
<kbd>bob</kbd>
|
|
install a soft link
|
|
from generic
|
|
<samp>ntpkey_gq_</samp><kbd>bob</kbd>
|
|
to this file.
|
|
As the
|
|
<code>GQ</code>
|
|
scheme updates the
|
|
<code>GQ</code>
|
|
parameters file and certificate
|
|
at the same time, keys and certificates can be regenerated as needed.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>For the
|
|
<code>MV</code>
|
|
scheme, proceed as in the
|
|
<code>TC</code>
|
|
scheme to generate keys
|
|
and certificates for all group hosts.
|
|
For illustration assume trish is the TA, alice one of several trusted hosts
|
|
and bob one of her clients.
|
|
On TA trish run
|
|
<code>ntp-keygen</code>
|
|
<code>-V</code> <kbd>n</kbd>
|
|
<code>-p</code> <kbd>password</kbd>,
|
|
where
|
|
<kbd>n</kbd>
|
|
is the number of revokable keys (typically 5) to produce
|
|
the parameter file
|
|
<samp>ntpkeys_MVpar_trish.</samp><kbd>filestamp</kbd>
|
|
and client key files
|
|
<samp>ntpkeys_MVkey</samp><kbd>d</kbd> <kbd>_</kbd> <samp>trish.</samp> <kbd>filestamp</kbd>
|
|
where
|
|
<kbd>d</kbd>
|
|
is the key number (0 <
|
|
<kbd>d</kbd>
|
|
<
|
|
<kbd>n</kbd>).
|
|
Copy the parameter file to alice and install a soft link
|
|
from the generic
|
|
<samp>ntpkey_mv_alice</samp>
|
|
to this file.
|
|
Copy one of the client key files to alice for later distribution
|
|
to her clients.
|
|
It does not matter which client key file goes to alice,
|
|
since they all work the same way.
|
|
Alice copies the client key file to all of her clients.
|
|
On client bob install a soft link from generic
|
|
<samp>ntpkey_mvkey_bob</samp>
|
|
to the client key file.
|
|
As the
|
|
<code>MV</code>
|
|
scheme is independent of keys and certificates,
|
|
these files can be refreshed as needed.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<a name="Command-Line-Options"></a>
|
|
<h4 class="subsubsection">1.2.1.3 Command Line Options</h4>
|
|
<dl compact="compact">
|
|
<dt><code>-b</code> <code>--imbits</code>= <kbd>modulus</kbd></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Set the number of bits in the identity modulus for generating identity keys to
|
|
<kbd>modulus</kbd>
|
|
bits.
|
|
The number of bits in the identity modulus defaults to 256, but can be set to
|
|
values from 256 to 2048 (32 to 256 octets).
|
|
Use the larger moduli with caution, as this can consume considerable computing
|
|
resources and increases the size of authenticated packets.
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
<dt><code>-c</code> <code>--certificate</code>= <kbd>scheme</kbd></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Select certificate signature encryption/message digest scheme.
|
|
The
|
|
<kbd>scheme</kbd>
|
|
can be one of the following:
|
|
<code>RSA-MD2</code>, <code>RSA-MD5</code>, <code>RSA-MDC2</code>, <code>RSA-SHA</code>, <code>RSA-SHA1</code>, <code>RSA-RIPEMD160</code>, <code>DSA-SHA</code>,
|
|
or
|
|
<code>DSA-SHA1</code>.
|
|
Note that
|
|
<code>RSA</code>
|
|
schemes must be used with an
|
|
<code>RSA</code>
|
|
sign key and
|
|
<code>DSA</code>
|
|
schemes must be used with a
|
|
<code>DSA</code>
|
|
sign key.
|
|
The default without this option is
|
|
<code>RSA-MD5</code>.
|
|
If compatibility with FIPS 140-2 is required, either the
|
|
<code>DSA-SHA</code>
|
|
or
|
|
<code>DSA-SHA1</code>
|
|
scheme must be used.
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
<dt><code>-C</code> <code>--cipher</code>= <kbd>cipher</kbd></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Select the OpenSSL cipher to encrypt the files containing private keys.
|
|
The default without this option is three-key triple DES in CBC mode,
|
|
<code>des-ede3-cbc</code>.
|
|
The
|
|
<code>openssl</code> <code>-h</code>
|
|
command provided with OpenSSL displays available ciphers.
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
<dt><code>-d</code> <code>--debug-level</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Increase debugging verbosity level.
|
|
This option displays the cryptographic data produced in eye-friendly billboards.
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
<dt><code>-D</code> <code>--set-debug-level</code>= <kbd>level</kbd></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Set the debugging verbosity to
|
|
<kbd>level</kbd>.
|
|
This option displays the cryptographic data produced in eye-friendly billboards.
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
<dt><code>-e</code> <code>--id-key</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Write the
|
|
<code>IFF</code>
|
|
or
|
|
<code>GQ</code>
|
|
public parameters from the
|
|
<kbd>IFFkey</kbd> <kbd>or</kbd> <kbd>GQkey</kbd>
|
|
client keys file previously specified
|
|
as unencrypted data to the standard output stream
|
|
<samp>stdout</samp>.
|
|
This is intended for automatic key distribution by email.
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
<dt><code>-G</code> <code>--gq-params</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Generate a new encrypted
|
|
<code>GQ</code>
|
|
parameters and key file for the Guillou-Quisquater (GQ) identity scheme.
|
|
This option is mutually exclusive with the
|
|
<code>-I</code>
|
|
and
|
|
<code>-V</code>
|
|
options.
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
<dt><code>-H</code> <code>--host-key</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Generate a new encrypted
|
|
<code>RSA</code>
|
|
public/private host key file.
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
<dt><code>-I</code> <code>--iffkey</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Generate a new encrypted
|
|
<code>IFF</code>
|
|
key file for the Schnorr (IFF) identity scheme.
|
|
This option is mutually exclusive with the
|
|
<code>-G</code>
|
|
and
|
|
Fl V
|
|
options.
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
<dt><code>-i</code> <code>--ident</code>= <kbd>group</kbd></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Set the optional Autokey group name to
|
|
<kbd>group</kbd>.
|
|
This is used in the identity scheme parameter file names of
|
|
<code>IFF</code>, <code>GQ</code>,
|
|
and
|
|
<code>MV</code>
|
|
client parameters files.
|
|
In that role, the default is the host name if no group is provided.
|
|
The group name, if specified using
|
|
<code>-i</code>
|
|
or
|
|
<code>-s</code>
|
|
following an
|
|
‘@’
|
|
character, is also used in certificate subject and issuer names in the form
|
|
<kbd>host</kbd> <kbd>@</kbd> <kbd>group</kbd>
|
|
and should match the group specified via
|
|
<code>crypto</code> <code>ident</code>
|
|
or
|
|
<code>server</code> <code>ident</code>
|
|
in the ntpd configuration file.
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
<dt><code>-l</code> <code>--lifetime</code>= <kbd>days</kbd></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Set the lifetime for certificate expiration to
|
|
<kbd>days</kbd>.
|
|
The default lifetime is one year (365 days).
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
<dt><code>-m</code> <code>--modulus</code>= <kbd>bits</kbd></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Set the number of bits in the prime modulus for generating files to
|
|
<kbd>bits</kbd>.
|
|
The modulus defaults to 512, but can be set from 256 to 2048 (32 to 256 octets).
|
|
Use the larger moduli with caution, as this can consume considerable computing
|
|
resources and increases the size of authenticated packets.
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
<dt><code>-M</code> <code>--md5key</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Generate a new symmetric keys file containing 10
|
|
<code>MD5</code>
|
|
keys, and if OpenSSL is available, 10
|
|
<code>SHA</code>
|
|
keys.
|
|
An
|
|
<code>MD5</code>
|
|
key is a string of 20 random printable ASCII characters, while a
|
|
<code>SHA</code>
|
|
key is a string of 40 random hex digits.
|
|
The file can be edited using a text editor to change the key type or key content.
|
|
This option is mutually exclusive with all other options.
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
<dt><code>-p</code> <code>--password</code>= <kbd>passwd</kbd></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Set the password for reading and writing encrypted files to
|
|
<kbd>passwd</kbd>.
|
|
These include the host, sign and identify key files.
|
|
By default, the password is the string returned by the Unix
|
|
<code>hostname</code>
|
|
command.
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
<dt><code>-P</code> <code>--pvt-cert</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Generate a new private certificate used by the
|
|
<code>PC</code>
|
|
identity scheme.
|
|
By default, the program generates public certificates.
|
|
Note: the PC identity scheme is not recommended for new installations.
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
<dt><code>-q</code> <code>--export-passwd</code>= <kbd>passwd</kbd></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Set the password for writing encrypted
|
|
<code>IFF</code>, <code>GQ</code> <code>and</code> <code>MV</code>
|
|
identity files redirected to
|
|
<samp>stdout</samp>
|
|
to
|
|
<kbd>passwd</kbd>.
|
|
In effect, these files are decrypted with the
|
|
<code>-p</code>
|
|
password, then encrypted with the
|
|
<code>-q</code>
|
|
password.
|
|
By default, the password is the string returned by the Unix
|
|
<code>hostname</code>
|
|
command.
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
<dt><code>-s</code> <code>--subject-key</code>= <code>[host]</code> <code>[@ <kbd>group</kbd>]</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Specify the Autokey host name, where
|
|
<kbd>host</kbd>
|
|
is the optional host name and
|
|
<kbd>group</kbd>
|
|
is the optional group name.
|
|
The host name, and if provided, group name are used in
|
|
<kbd>host</kbd> <kbd>@</kbd> <kbd>group</kbd>
|
|
form as certificate subject and issuer.
|
|
Specifying
|
|
<code>-s</code> <code>-@</code> <kbd>group</kbd>
|
|
is allowed, and results in leaving the host name unchanged, as with
|
|
<code>-i</code> <kbd>group</kbd>.
|
|
The group name, or if no group is provided, the host name are also used in the
|
|
file names of
|
|
<code>IFF</code>, <code>GQ</code>,
|
|
and
|
|
<code>MV</code>
|
|
identity scheme client parameter files.
|
|
If
|
|
<kbd>host</kbd>
|
|
is not specified, the default host name is the string returned by the Unix
|
|
<code>hostname</code>
|
|
command.
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
<dt><code>-S</code> <code>--sign-key</code>= <code>[<code>RSA</code> | <code>DSA</code>]</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Generate a new encrypted public/private sign key file of the specified type.
|
|
By default, the sign key is the host key and has the same type.
|
|
If compatibility with FIPS 140-2 is required, the sign key type must be
|
|
<code>DSA</code>.
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
<dt><code>-T</code> <code>--trusted-cert</code></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Generate a trusted certificate.
|
|
By default, the program generates a non-trusted certificate.
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
<dt><code>-V</code> <code>--mv-params</code> <kbd>nkeys</kbd></dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Generate
|
|
<kbd>nkeys</kbd>
|
|
encrypted server keys and parameters for the Mu-Varadharajan (MV)
|
|
identity scheme.
|
|
This option is mutually exclusive with the
|
|
<code>-I</code>
|
|
and
|
|
<code>-G</code>
|
|
options.
|
|
Note: support for this option should be considered a work in progress.
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<a name="Random-Seed-File-1"></a>
|
|
<h4 class="subsubsection">1.2.1.4 Random Seed File</h4>
|
|
<p>All cryptographically sound key generation schemes must have means
|
|
to randomize the entropy seed used to initialize
|
|
the internal pseudo-random number generator used
|
|
by the library routines.
|
|
The OpenSSL library uses a designated random seed file for this purpose.
|
|
The file must be available when starting the NTP daemon and
|
|
<code>ntp-keygen</code>
|
|
program.
|
|
If a site supports OpenSSL or its companion OpenSSH,
|
|
it is very likely that means to do this are already available.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>It is important to understand that entropy must be evolved
|
|
for each generation, for otherwise the random number sequence
|
|
would be predictable.
|
|
Various means dependent on external events, such as keystroke intervals,
|
|
can be used to do this and some systems have built-in entropy sources.
|
|
Suitable means are described in the OpenSSL software documentation,
|
|
but are outside the scope of this page.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>The entropy seed used by the OpenSSL library is contained in a file,
|
|
usually called
|
|
<samp>.rnd</samp>,
|
|
which must be available when starting the NTP daemon
|
|
or the
|
|
<code>ntp-keygen</code>
|
|
program.
|
|
The NTP daemon will first look for the file
|
|
using the path specified by the
|
|
<code>randfile</code>
|
|
subcommand of the
|
|
<code>crypto</code>
|
|
configuration command.
|
|
If not specified in this way, or when starting the
|
|
<code>ntp-keygen</code>
|
|
program,
|
|
the OpenSSL library will look for the file using the path specified
|
|
by the
|
|
.Ev RANDFILE
|
|
environment variable in the user home directory,
|
|
whether root or some other user.
|
|
If the
|
|
.Ev RANDFILE
|
|
environment variable is not present,
|
|
the library will look for the
|
|
<samp>.rnd</samp>
|
|
file in the user home directory.
|
|
Since both the
|
|
<code>ntp-keygen</code>
|
|
program and
|
|
<code>ntpd(1ntpdmdoc)</code>
|
|
daemon must run as root, the logical place to put this file is in
|
|
<samp>/.rnd</samp>
|
|
or
|
|
<samp>/root/.rnd</samp>.
|
|
If the file is not available or cannot be written,
|
|
the daemon exits with a message to the system log and the program
|
|
exits with a suitable error message.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<a name="Cryptographic-Data-Files-1"></a>
|
|
<h4 class="subsubsection">1.2.1.5 Cryptographic Data Files</h4>
|
|
<p>All file formats begin with two nonencrypted lines.
|
|
The first line contains the file name, including the generated host name
|
|
and filestamp, in the format
|
|
<samp>ntpkey_</samp><kbd>key</kbd> <kbd>_</kbd> <kbd>name</kbd>. <kbd>filestamp</kbd>,
|
|
where
|
|
<kbd>key</kbd>
|
|
is the key or parameter type,
|
|
<kbd>name</kbd>
|
|
is the host or group name and
|
|
<kbd>filestamp</kbd>
|
|
is the filestamp (NTP seconds) when the file was created.
|
|
By convention,
|
|
<kbd>key</kbd>
|
|
names in generated file names include both upper and lower case
|
|
characters, while
|
|
<kbd>key</kbd>
|
|
names in generated link names include only lower case characters.
|
|
The filestamp is not used in generated link names.
|
|
The second line contains the datestamp in conventional Unix
|
|
<samp>date</samp>
|
|
format.
|
|
Lines beginning with
|
|
‘#’
|
|
are considered comments and ignored by the
|
|
<code>ntp-keygen</code>
|
|
program and
|
|
<code>ntpd(1ntpdmdoc)</code>
|
|
daemon.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>The remainder of the file contains cryptographic data, encoded first using ASN.1
|
|
rules, then encrypted if necessary, and finally written in PEM-encoded
|
|
printable ASCII text, preceded and followed by MIME content identifier lines.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>The format of the symmetric keys file, ordinarily named
|
|
<samp>ntp.keys</samp>,
|
|
is somewhat different than the other files in the interest of backward compatibility.
|
|
Ordinarily, the file is generated by this program, but it can be constructed
|
|
and edited using an ordinary text editor.
|
|
</p><pre class="verbatim"># ntpkey_MD5key_bk.ntp.org.3595864945
|
|
# Thu Dec 12 19:22:25 2013
|
|
|
|
1 MD5 L";Nw<\`.I<f4U0)247"i # MD5 key
|
|
2 MD5 &>l0%XXK9O'51VwV<xq~ # MD5 key
|
|
3 MD5 lb4zLW~d^!K:]RsD'qb6 # MD5 key
|
|
4 MD5 Yue:tL[+vR)M\`n~bY,'? # MD5 key
|
|
5 MD5 B;fx'Kgr/&4ZTbL6=RxA # MD5 key
|
|
6 MD5 4eYwa\`o@}3i@@@@V@@..R9!l # MD5 key
|
|
7 MD5 \`A.([h+;wTQ|xfi%Sn_! # MD5 key
|
|
8 MD5 45:V,r4]l6y^JH6"Sh?F # MD5 key
|
|
9 MD5 3-5vcn*6l29DS?Xdsg)* # MD5 key
|
|
10 MD5 2late4Me # MD5 key
|
|
11 SHA1 a27872d3030a9025b8446c751b4551a7629af65c # SHA1 key
|
|
12 SHA1 21bc3b4865dbb9e920902abdccb3e04ff97a5e74 # SHA1 key
|
|
13 SHA1 2b7736fe24fef5ba85ae11594132ab5d6f6daba9 # SHA1 key
|
|
14 SHA a5332809c8878dd3a5b918819108a111509aeceb # SHA key
|
|
15 MD2 2fe16c88c760ff2f16d4267e36c1aa6c926e6964 # MD2 key
|
|
16 MD4 b2691811dc19cfc0e2f9bcacd74213f29812183d # MD4 key
|
|
17 MD5 e4d6735b8bdad58ec5ffcb087300a17f7fef1f7c # MD5 key
|
|
18 MDC2 a8d5e2315c025bf3a79174c87fbd10477de2eabc # MDC2 key
|
|
19 RIPEMD160 77ca332cafb30e3cafb174dcd5b80ded7ba9b3d2 # RIPEMD160 key
|
|
20 AES128CMAC f92ff73eee86c1e7dc638d6489a04e4e555af878 # AES128CMAC key
|
|
</pre><div class="example">
|
|
<pre class="example">Figure 1. Typical Symmetric Key File
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
|
|
<p>Figure 1 shows a typical symmetric keys file used by the reference
|
|
implementation.
|
|
Following the header the keys are entered one per line in the format
|
|
</p><div class="example">
|
|
<pre class="example"><kbd>keyno</kbd> <kbd>type</kbd> <kbd>key</kbd>
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
<p>where
|
|
<kbd>keyno</kbd>
|
|
is a positive integer in the range 1-65535;
|
|
<kbd>type</kbd>
|
|
is the key type for the message digest algorithm, which in the absence of the
|
|
OpenSSL library must be
|
|
<code>MD5</code>
|
|
to designate the MD5 message digest algorithm;
|
|
if the OpenSSL library is installed, the key type can be any
|
|
message digest algorithm supported by that library;
|
|
however, if compatibility with FIPS 140-2 is required,
|
|
the key type must be either
|
|
<code>SHA</code>
|
|
or
|
|
<code>SHA1</code>;
|
|
<kbd>key</kbd>
|
|
is the key itself,
|
|
which is a printable ASCII string 20 characters or less in length:
|
|
each character is chosen from the 93 printable characters
|
|
in the range 0x21 through 0x7e (
|
|
‘’!
|
|
through
|
|
‘~’
|
|
) excluding space and the
|
|
‘#’
|
|
character, and terminated by whitespace or a
|
|
‘#’
|
|
character.
|
|
An OpenSSL key consists of a hex-encoded ASCII string of 40 characters, which
|
|
is truncated as necessary.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Note that the keys used by the
|
|
<code>ntpq(1ntpqmdoc)</code>
|
|
and
|
|
<code>ntpdc(1ntpdcmdoc)</code>
|
|
programs
|
|
are checked against passwords requested by the programs
|
|
and entered by hand, so it is generally appropriate to specify these keys
|
|
in human readable ASCII format.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>The
|
|
<code>ntp-keygen</code>
|
|
program generates a symmetric keys file
|
|
<samp>ntpkey_MD5key_</samp><kbd>hostname</kbd>. <kbd>filestamp</kbd>.
|
|
Since the file contains private shared keys,
|
|
it should be visible only to root and distributed by secure means
|
|
to other subnet hosts.
|
|
The NTP daemon loads the file
|
|
<samp>ntp.keys</samp>,
|
|
so
|
|
<code>ntp-keygen</code>
|
|
installs a soft link from this name to the generated file.
|
|
Subsequently, similar soft links must be installed by manual
|
|
or automated means on the other subnet hosts.
|
|
While this file is not used with the Autokey Version 2 protocol,
|
|
it is needed to authenticate some remote configuration commands
|
|
used by the
|
|
<code>ntpq(1ntpqmdoc)</code>
|
|
and
|
|
<code>ntpdc(1ntpdcmdoc)</code>
|
|
utilities.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>This section was generated by <strong>AutoGen</strong>,
|
|
using the <code>agtexi-cmd</code> template and the option descriptions for the <code>ntp-keygen</code> program.
|
|
This software is released under the NTP license, <http://ntp.org/license>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-usage" accesskey="1">ntp-keygen usage</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">ntp-keygen help/usage (<samp>--help</samp>)
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-imbits" accesskey="2">ntp-keygen imbits</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">imbits option (-b)
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-certificate" accesskey="3">ntp-keygen certificate</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">certificate option (-c)
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-cipher" accesskey="4">ntp-keygen cipher</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">cipher option (-C)
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-id_002dkey" accesskey="5">ntp-keygen id-key</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">id-key option (-e)
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-gq_002dparams" accesskey="6">ntp-keygen gq-params</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">gq-params option (-G)
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-host_002dkey" accesskey="7">ntp-keygen host-key</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">host-key option (-H)
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-iffkey" accesskey="8">ntp-keygen iffkey</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">iffkey option (-I)
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-ident" accesskey="9">ntp-keygen ident</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">ident option (-i)
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-lifetime">ntp-keygen lifetime</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">lifetime option (-l)
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-modulus">ntp-keygen modulus</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">modulus option (-m)
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-md5key">ntp-keygen md5key</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">md5key option (-M)
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-pvt_002dcert">ntp-keygen pvt-cert</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">pvt-cert option (-P)
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-password">ntp-keygen password</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">password option (-p)
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-export_002dpasswd">ntp-keygen export-passwd</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">export-passwd option (-q)
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-subject_002dname">ntp-keygen subject-name</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">subject-name option (-s)
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-sign_002dkey">ntp-keygen sign-key</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">sign-key option (-S)
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-trusted_002dcert">ntp-keygen trusted-cert</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">trusted-cert option (-T)
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-mv_002dparams">ntp-keygen mv-params</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">mv-params option (-V)
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-mv_002dkeys">ntp-keygen mv-keys</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">mv-keys option (-v)
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-config">ntp-keygen config</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">presetting/configuring ntp-keygen
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-exit-status">ntp-keygen exit status</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">exit status
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-Usage">ntp-keygen Usage</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Usage
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-Notes">ntp-keygen Notes</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Notes
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-Bugs">ntp-keygen Bugs</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Bugs
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<a name="ntp_002dkeygen-usage"></a>
|
|
<div class="header">
|
|
<p>
|
|
Next: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-imbits" accesskey="n" rel="next">ntp-keygen imbits</a>, Up: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-Invocation" accesskey="u" rel="up">ntp-keygen Invocation</a> </p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<a name="ntp_002dkeygen-help_002fusage-_0028_002d_002dhelp_0029"></a>
|
|
<h4 class="subsection">1.2.2 ntp-keygen help/usage (<samp>--help</samp>)</h4>
|
|
<a name="index-ntp_002dkeygen-help"></a>
|
|
|
|
<p>This is the automatically generated usage text for ntp-keygen.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>The text printed is the same whether selected with the <code>help</code> option
|
|
(<samp>--help</samp>) or the <code>more-help</code> option (<samp>--more-help</samp>). <code>more-help</code> will print
|
|
the usage text by passing it through a pager program.
|
|
<code>more-help</code> is disabled on platforms without a working
|
|
<code>fork(2)</code> function. The <code>PAGER</code> environment variable is
|
|
used to select the program, defaulting to <samp>more</samp>. Both will exit
|
|
with a status code of 0.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="example">
|
|
<pre class="example">ntp-keygen (ntp) - Create a NTP host key - Ver. 4.2.8p13
|
|
Usage: ntp-keygen [ -<flag> [<val>] | --<name>[{=| }<val>] ]...
|
|
Flg Arg Option-Name Description
|
|
-b Num imbits identity modulus bits
|
|
- it must be in the range:
|
|
256 to 2048
|
|
-c Str certificate certificate scheme
|
|
-C Str cipher privatekey cipher
|
|
-d no debug-level Increase debug verbosity level
|
|
- may appear multiple times
|
|
-D Num set-debug-level Set the debug verbosity level
|
|
- may appear multiple times
|
|
-e no id-key Write IFF or GQ identity keys
|
|
-G no gq-params Generate GQ parameters and keys
|
|
-H no host-key generate RSA host key
|
|
-I no iffkey generate IFF parameters
|
|
-i Str ident set Autokey group name
|
|
-l Num lifetime set certificate lifetime
|
|
-m Num modulus prime modulus
|
|
- it must be in the range:
|
|
256 to 2048
|
|
-M no md5key generate symmetric keys
|
|
-P no pvt-cert generate PC private certificate
|
|
-p Str password local private password
|
|
-q Str export-passwd export IFF or GQ group keys with password
|
|
-s Str subject-name set host and optionally group name
|
|
-S Str sign-key generate sign key (RSA or DSA)
|
|
-T no trusted-cert trusted certificate (TC scheme)
|
|
-V Num mv-params generate <num> MV parameters
|
|
-v Num mv-keys update <num> MV keys
|
|
opt version output version information and exit
|
|
-? no help display extended usage information and exit
|
|
-! no more-help extended usage information passed thru pager
|
|
-> opt save-opts save the option state to a config file
|
|
-< Str load-opts load options from a config file
|
|
- disabled as '--no-load-opts'
|
|
- may appear multiple times
|
|
|
|
Options are specified by doubled hyphens and their name or by a single
|
|
hyphen and the flag character.
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following option preset mechanisms are supported:
|
|
- reading file $HOME/.ntprc
|
|
- reading file ./.ntprc
|
|
- examining environment variables named NTP_KEYGEN_*
|
|
|
|
Please send bug reports to: <http://bugs.ntp.org, bugs@ntp.org>
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<a name="ntp_002dkeygen-imbits"></a>
|
|
<div class="header">
|
|
<p>
|
|
Next: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-certificate" accesskey="n" rel="next">ntp-keygen certificate</a>, Previous: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-usage" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ntp-keygen usage</a>, Up: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-Invocation" accesskey="u" rel="up">ntp-keygen Invocation</a> </p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<a name="imbits-option-_0028_002db_0029"></a>
|
|
<h4 class="subsection">1.2.3 imbits option (-b)</h4>
|
|
<a name="index-ntp_002dkeygen_002dimbits"></a>
|
|
|
|
<p>This is the “identity modulus bits” option.
|
|
This option takes a number argument <samp>imbits</samp>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>This option has some usage constraints. It:
|
|
</p><ul>
|
|
<li> must be compiled in by defining <code>AUTOKEY</code> during the compilation.
|
|
</li></ul>
|
|
|
|
<p>The number of bits in the identity modulus. The default is 256.
|
|
</p><hr>
|
|
<a name="ntp_002dkeygen-certificate"></a>
|
|
<div class="header">
|
|
<p>
|
|
Next: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-cipher" accesskey="n" rel="next">ntp-keygen cipher</a>, Previous: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-imbits" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ntp-keygen imbits</a>, Up: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-Invocation" accesskey="u" rel="up">ntp-keygen Invocation</a> </p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<a name="certificate-option-_0028_002dc_0029"></a>
|
|
<h4 class="subsection">1.2.4 certificate option (-c)</h4>
|
|
<a name="index-ntp_002dkeygen_002dcertificate"></a>
|
|
|
|
<p>This is the “certificate scheme” option.
|
|
This option takes a string argument <samp>scheme</samp>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>This option has some usage constraints. It:
|
|
</p><ul>
|
|
<li> must be compiled in by defining <code>AUTOKEY</code> during the compilation.
|
|
</li></ul>
|
|
|
|
<p>scheme is one of
|
|
RSA-MD2, RSA-MD5, RSA-MDC2, RSA-SHA, RSA-SHA1, RSA-RIPEMD160,
|
|
DSA-SHA, or DSA-SHA1.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Select the certificate signature encryption/message digest scheme.
|
|
Note that RSA schemes must be used with a RSA sign key and DSA
|
|
schemes must be used with a DSA sign key. The default without
|
|
this option is RSA-MD5.
|
|
</p><hr>
|
|
<a name="ntp_002dkeygen-cipher"></a>
|
|
<div class="header">
|
|
<p>
|
|
Next: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-id_002dkey" accesskey="n" rel="next">ntp-keygen id-key</a>, Previous: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-certificate" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ntp-keygen certificate</a>, Up: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-Invocation" accesskey="u" rel="up">ntp-keygen Invocation</a> </p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<a name="cipher-option-_0028_002dC_0029"></a>
|
|
<h4 class="subsection">1.2.5 cipher option (-C)</h4>
|
|
<a name="index-ntp_002dkeygen_002dcipher"></a>
|
|
|
|
<p>This is the “privatekey cipher” option.
|
|
This option takes a string argument <samp>cipher</samp>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>This option has some usage constraints. It:
|
|
</p><ul>
|
|
<li> must be compiled in by defining <code>AUTOKEY</code> during the compilation.
|
|
</li></ul>
|
|
|
|
<p>Select the cipher which is used to encrypt the files containing
|
|
private keys. The default is three-key triple DES in CBC mode,
|
|
equivalent to "<code>-C des-ede3-cbc</code>". The openssl tool lists ciphers
|
|
available in "<code>openssl -h</code>" output.
|
|
</p><hr>
|
|
<a name="ntp_002dkeygen-id_002dkey"></a>
|
|
<div class="header">
|
|
<p>
|
|
Next: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-gq_002dparams" accesskey="n" rel="next">ntp-keygen gq-params</a>, Previous: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-cipher" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ntp-keygen cipher</a>, Up: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-Invocation" accesskey="u" rel="up">ntp-keygen Invocation</a> </p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<a name="id_002dkey-option-_0028_002de_0029"></a>
|
|
<h4 class="subsection">1.2.6 id-key option (-e)</h4>
|
|
<a name="index-ntp_002dkeygen_002did_002dkey"></a>
|
|
|
|
<p>This is the “write iff or gq identity keys” option.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>This option has some usage constraints. It:
|
|
</p><ul>
|
|
<li> must be compiled in by defining <code>AUTOKEY</code> during the compilation.
|
|
</li></ul>
|
|
|
|
<p>Write the public parameters from the IFF or GQ client keys to
|
|
the standard output.
|
|
This is intended for automatic key distribution by email.
|
|
</p><hr>
|
|
<a name="ntp_002dkeygen-gq_002dparams"></a>
|
|
<div class="header">
|
|
<p>
|
|
Next: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-host_002dkey" accesskey="n" rel="next">ntp-keygen host-key</a>, Previous: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-id_002dkey" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ntp-keygen id-key</a>, Up: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-Invocation" accesskey="u" rel="up">ntp-keygen Invocation</a> </p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<a name="gq_002dparams-option-_0028_002dG_0029"></a>
|
|
<h4 class="subsection">1.2.7 gq-params option (-G)</h4>
|
|
<a name="index-ntp_002dkeygen_002dgq_002dparams"></a>
|
|
|
|
<p>This is the “generate gq parameters and keys” option.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>This option has some usage constraints. It:
|
|
</p><ul>
|
|
<li> must be compiled in by defining <code>AUTOKEY</code> during the compilation.
|
|
</li></ul>
|
|
|
|
<p>Generate parameters and keys for the GQ identification scheme,
|
|
obsoleting any that may exist.
|
|
</p><hr>
|
|
<a name="ntp_002dkeygen-host_002dkey"></a>
|
|
<div class="header">
|
|
<p>
|
|
Next: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-iffkey" accesskey="n" rel="next">ntp-keygen iffkey</a>, Previous: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-gq_002dparams" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ntp-keygen gq-params</a>, Up: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-Invocation" accesskey="u" rel="up">ntp-keygen Invocation</a> </p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<a name="host_002dkey-option-_0028_002dH_0029"></a>
|
|
<h4 class="subsection">1.2.8 host-key option (-H)</h4>
|
|
<a name="index-ntp_002dkeygen_002dhost_002dkey"></a>
|
|
|
|
<p>This is the “generate rsa host key” option.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>This option has some usage constraints. It:
|
|
</p><ul>
|
|
<li> must be compiled in by defining <code>AUTOKEY</code> during the compilation.
|
|
</li></ul>
|
|
|
|
<p>Generate new host keys, obsoleting any that may exist.
|
|
</p><hr>
|
|
<a name="ntp_002dkeygen-iffkey"></a>
|
|
<div class="header">
|
|
<p>
|
|
Next: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-ident" accesskey="n" rel="next">ntp-keygen ident</a>, Previous: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-host_002dkey" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ntp-keygen host-key</a>, Up: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-Invocation" accesskey="u" rel="up">ntp-keygen Invocation</a> </p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<a name="iffkey-option-_0028_002dI_0029"></a>
|
|
<h4 class="subsection">1.2.9 iffkey option (-I)</h4>
|
|
<a name="index-ntp_002dkeygen_002diffkey"></a>
|
|
|
|
<p>This is the “generate iff parameters” option.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>This option has some usage constraints. It:
|
|
</p><ul>
|
|
<li> must be compiled in by defining <code>AUTOKEY</code> during the compilation.
|
|
</li></ul>
|
|
|
|
<p>Generate parameters for the IFF identification scheme, obsoleting
|
|
any that may exist.
|
|
</p><hr>
|
|
<a name="ntp_002dkeygen-ident"></a>
|
|
<div class="header">
|
|
<p>
|
|
Next: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-lifetime" accesskey="n" rel="next">ntp-keygen lifetime</a>, Previous: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-iffkey" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ntp-keygen iffkey</a>, Up: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-Invocation" accesskey="u" rel="up">ntp-keygen Invocation</a> </p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<a name="ident-option-_0028_002di_0029"></a>
|
|
<h4 class="subsection">1.2.10 ident option (-i)</h4>
|
|
<a name="index-ntp_002dkeygen_002dident"></a>
|
|
|
|
<p>This is the “set autokey group name” option.
|
|
This option takes a string argument <samp>group</samp>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>This option has some usage constraints. It:
|
|
</p><ul>
|
|
<li> must be compiled in by defining <code>AUTOKEY</code> during the compilation.
|
|
</li></ul>
|
|
|
|
<p>Set the optional Autokey group name to name. This is used in
|
|
the file name of IFF, GQ, and MV client parameters files. In
|
|
that role, the default is the host name if this option is not
|
|
provided. The group name, if specified using <code>-i/--ident</code> or
|
|
using <code>-s/--subject-name</code> following an ’<code>@</code>’ character,
|
|
is also a part of the self-signed host certificate subject and
|
|
issuer names in the form <code>host@group</code> and should match the
|
|
’<code>crypto ident</code>’ or ’<code>server ident</code>’ configuration in the
|
|
<code>ntpd</code> configuration file.
|
|
</p><hr>
|
|
<a name="ntp_002dkeygen-lifetime"></a>
|
|
<div class="header">
|
|
<p>
|
|
Next: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-modulus" accesskey="n" rel="next">ntp-keygen modulus</a>, Previous: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-ident" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ntp-keygen ident</a>, Up: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-Invocation" accesskey="u" rel="up">ntp-keygen Invocation</a> </p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<a name="lifetime-option-_0028_002dl_0029"></a>
|
|
<h4 class="subsection">1.2.11 lifetime option (-l)</h4>
|
|
<a name="index-ntp_002dkeygen_002dlifetime"></a>
|
|
|
|
<p>This is the “set certificate lifetime” option.
|
|
This option takes a number argument <samp>lifetime</samp>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>This option has some usage constraints. It:
|
|
</p><ul>
|
|
<li> must be compiled in by defining <code>AUTOKEY</code> during the compilation.
|
|
</li></ul>
|
|
|
|
<p>Set the certificate expiration to lifetime days from now.
|
|
</p><hr>
|
|
<a name="ntp_002dkeygen-modulus"></a>
|
|
<div class="header">
|
|
<p>
|
|
Next: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-md5key" accesskey="n" rel="next">ntp-keygen md5key</a>, Previous: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-lifetime" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ntp-keygen lifetime</a>, Up: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-Invocation" accesskey="u" rel="up">ntp-keygen Invocation</a> </p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<a name="modulus-option-_0028_002dm_0029"></a>
|
|
<h4 class="subsection">1.2.12 modulus option (-m)</h4>
|
|
<a name="index-ntp_002dkeygen_002dmodulus"></a>
|
|
|
|
<p>This is the “prime modulus” option.
|
|
This option takes a number argument <samp>modulus</samp>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>This option has some usage constraints. It:
|
|
</p><ul>
|
|
<li> must be compiled in by defining <code>AUTOKEY</code> during the compilation.
|
|
</li></ul>
|
|
|
|
<p>The number of bits in the prime modulus. The default is 512.
|
|
</p><hr>
|
|
<a name="ntp_002dkeygen-md5key"></a>
|
|
<div class="header">
|
|
<p>
|
|
Next: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-pvt_002dcert" accesskey="n" rel="next">ntp-keygen pvt-cert</a>, Previous: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-modulus" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ntp-keygen modulus</a>, Up: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-Invocation" accesskey="u" rel="up">ntp-keygen Invocation</a> </p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<a name="md5key-option-_0028_002dM_0029"></a>
|
|
<h4 class="subsection">1.2.13 md5key option (-M)</h4>
|
|
<a name="index-ntp_002dkeygen_002dmd5key"></a>
|
|
|
|
<p>This is the “generate symmetric keys” option.
|
|
Generate symmetric keys, obsoleting any that may exist.
|
|
</p><hr>
|
|
<a name="ntp_002dkeygen-pvt_002dcert"></a>
|
|
<div class="header">
|
|
<p>
|
|
Next: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-password" accesskey="n" rel="next">ntp-keygen password</a>, Previous: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-md5key" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ntp-keygen md5key</a>, Up: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-Invocation" accesskey="u" rel="up">ntp-keygen Invocation</a> </p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<a name="pvt_002dcert-option-_0028_002dP_0029"></a>
|
|
<h4 class="subsection">1.2.14 pvt-cert option (-P)</h4>
|
|
<a name="index-ntp_002dkeygen_002dpvt_002dcert"></a>
|
|
|
|
<p>This is the “generate pc private certificate” option.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>This option has some usage constraints. It:
|
|
</p><ul>
|
|
<li> must be compiled in by defining <code>AUTOKEY</code> during the compilation.
|
|
</li></ul>
|
|
|
|
<p>Generate a private certificate. By default, the program generates
|
|
public certificates.
|
|
</p><hr>
|
|
<a name="ntp_002dkeygen-password"></a>
|
|
<div class="header">
|
|
<p>
|
|
Next: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-export_002dpasswd" accesskey="n" rel="next">ntp-keygen export-passwd</a>, Previous: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-pvt_002dcert" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ntp-keygen pvt-cert</a>, Up: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-Invocation" accesskey="u" rel="up">ntp-keygen Invocation</a> </p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<a name="password-option-_0028_002dp_0029"></a>
|
|
<h4 class="subsection">1.2.15 password option (-p)</h4>
|
|
<a name="index-ntp_002dkeygen_002dpassword"></a>
|
|
|
|
<p>This is the “local private password” option.
|
|
This option takes a string argument <samp>passwd</samp>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>This option has some usage constraints. It:
|
|
</p><ul>
|
|
<li> must be compiled in by defining <code>AUTOKEY</code> during the compilation.
|
|
</li></ul>
|
|
|
|
<p>Local files containing private data are encrypted with the
|
|
DES-CBC algorithm and the specified password. The same password
|
|
must be specified to the local ntpd via the "crypto pw password"
|
|
configuration command. The default password is the local
|
|
hostname.
|
|
</p><hr>
|
|
<a name="ntp_002dkeygen-export_002dpasswd"></a>
|
|
<div class="header">
|
|
<p>
|
|
Next: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-subject_002dname" accesskey="n" rel="next">ntp-keygen subject-name</a>, Previous: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-password" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ntp-keygen password</a>, Up: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-Invocation" accesskey="u" rel="up">ntp-keygen Invocation</a> </p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<a name="export_002dpasswd-option-_0028_002dq_0029"></a>
|
|
<h4 class="subsection">1.2.16 export-passwd option (-q)</h4>
|
|
<a name="index-ntp_002dkeygen_002dexport_002dpasswd"></a>
|
|
|
|
<p>This is the “export iff or gq group keys with password” option.
|
|
This option takes a string argument <samp>passwd</samp>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>This option has some usage constraints. It:
|
|
</p><ul>
|
|
<li> must be compiled in by defining <code>AUTOKEY</code> during the compilation.
|
|
</li></ul>
|
|
|
|
<p>Export IFF or GQ identity group keys to the standard output,
|
|
encrypted with the DES-CBC algorithm and the specified password.
|
|
The same password must be specified to the remote ntpd via the
|
|
"crypto pw password" configuration command. See also the option
|
|
–id-key (-e) for unencrypted exports.
|
|
</p><hr>
|
|
<a name="ntp_002dkeygen-subject_002dname"></a>
|
|
<div class="header">
|
|
<p>
|
|
Next: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-sign_002dkey" accesskey="n" rel="next">ntp-keygen sign-key</a>, Previous: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-export_002dpasswd" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ntp-keygen export-passwd</a>, Up: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-Invocation" accesskey="u" rel="up">ntp-keygen Invocation</a> </p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<a name="subject_002dname-option-_0028_002ds_0029"></a>
|
|
<h4 class="subsection">1.2.17 subject-name option (-s)</h4>
|
|
<a name="index-ntp_002dkeygen_002dsubject_002dname"></a>
|
|
|
|
<p>This is the “set host and optionally group name” option.
|
|
This option takes a string argument <samp>host@group</samp>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>This option has some usage constraints. It:
|
|
</p><ul>
|
|
<li> must be compiled in by defining <code>AUTOKEY</code> during the compilation.
|
|
</li></ul>
|
|
|
|
<p>Set the Autokey host name, and optionally, group name specified
|
|
following an ’<code>@</code>’ character. The host name is used in the file
|
|
name of generated host and signing certificates, without the
|
|
group name. The host name, and if provided, group name are used
|
|
in <code>host@group</code> form for the host certificate subject and issuer
|
|
fields. Specifying ’<code>-s @group</code>’ is allowed, and results in
|
|
leaving the host name unchanged while appending <code>@group</code> to the
|
|
subject and issuer fields, as with <code>-i group</code>. The group name, or
|
|
if not provided, the host name are also used in the file names
|
|
of IFF, GQ, and MV client parameter files.
|
|
</p><hr>
|
|
<a name="ntp_002dkeygen-sign_002dkey"></a>
|
|
<div class="header">
|
|
<p>
|
|
Next: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-trusted_002dcert" accesskey="n" rel="next">ntp-keygen trusted-cert</a>, Previous: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-subject_002dname" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ntp-keygen subject-name</a>, Up: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-Invocation" accesskey="u" rel="up">ntp-keygen Invocation</a> </p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<a name="sign_002dkey-option-_0028_002dS_0029"></a>
|
|
<h4 class="subsection">1.2.18 sign-key option (-S)</h4>
|
|
<a name="index-ntp_002dkeygen_002dsign_002dkey"></a>
|
|
|
|
<p>This is the “generate sign key (rsa or dsa)” option.
|
|
This option takes a string argument <samp>sign</samp>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>This option has some usage constraints. It:
|
|
</p><ul>
|
|
<li> must be compiled in by defining <code>AUTOKEY</code> during the compilation.
|
|
</li></ul>
|
|
|
|
<p>Generate a new sign key of the designated type, obsoleting any
|
|
that may exist. By default, the program uses the host key as the
|
|
sign key.
|
|
</p><hr>
|
|
<a name="ntp_002dkeygen-trusted_002dcert"></a>
|
|
<div class="header">
|
|
<p>
|
|
Next: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-mv_002dparams" accesskey="n" rel="next">ntp-keygen mv-params</a>, Previous: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-sign_002dkey" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ntp-keygen sign-key</a>, Up: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-Invocation" accesskey="u" rel="up">ntp-keygen Invocation</a> </p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<a name="trusted_002dcert-option-_0028_002dT_0029"></a>
|
|
<h4 class="subsection">1.2.19 trusted-cert option (-T)</h4>
|
|
<a name="index-ntp_002dkeygen_002dtrusted_002dcert"></a>
|
|
|
|
<p>This is the “trusted certificate (tc scheme)” option.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>This option has some usage constraints. It:
|
|
</p><ul>
|
|
<li> must be compiled in by defining <code>AUTOKEY</code> during the compilation.
|
|
</li></ul>
|
|
|
|
<p>Generate a trusted certificate. By default, the program generates
|
|
a non-trusted certificate.
|
|
</p><hr>
|
|
<a name="ntp_002dkeygen-mv_002dparams"></a>
|
|
<div class="header">
|
|
<p>
|
|
Next: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-mv_002dkeys" accesskey="n" rel="next">ntp-keygen mv-keys</a>, Previous: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-trusted_002dcert" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ntp-keygen trusted-cert</a>, Up: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-Invocation" accesskey="u" rel="up">ntp-keygen Invocation</a> </p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<a name="mv_002dparams-option-_0028_002dV_0029"></a>
|
|
<h4 class="subsection">1.2.20 mv-params option (-V)</h4>
|
|
<a name="index-ntp_002dkeygen_002dmv_002dparams"></a>
|
|
|
|
<p>This is the “generate <num> mv parameters” option.
|
|
This option takes a number argument <samp>num</samp>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>This option has some usage constraints. It:
|
|
</p><ul>
|
|
<li> must be compiled in by defining <code>AUTOKEY</code> during the compilation.
|
|
</li></ul>
|
|
|
|
<p>Generate parameters and keys for the Mu-Varadharajan (MV)
|
|
identification scheme.
|
|
</p><hr>
|
|
<a name="ntp_002dkeygen-mv_002dkeys"></a>
|
|
<div class="header">
|
|
<p>
|
|
Next: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-config" accesskey="n" rel="next">ntp-keygen config</a>, Previous: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-mv_002dparams" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ntp-keygen mv-params</a>, Up: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-Invocation" accesskey="u" rel="up">ntp-keygen Invocation</a> </p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<a name="mv_002dkeys-option-_0028_002dv_0029"></a>
|
|
<h4 class="subsection">1.2.21 mv-keys option (-v)</h4>
|
|
<a name="index-ntp_002dkeygen_002dmv_002dkeys"></a>
|
|
|
|
<p>This is the “update <num> mv keys” option.
|
|
This option takes a number argument <samp>num</samp>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>This option has some usage constraints. It:
|
|
</p><ul>
|
|
<li> must be compiled in by defining <code>AUTOKEY</code> during the compilation.
|
|
</li></ul>
|
|
|
|
<p>This option has no ‘<samp>doc</samp>’ documentation.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<a name="ntp_002dkeygen-config"></a>
|
|
<div class="header">
|
|
<p>
|
|
Next: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-exit-status" accesskey="n" rel="next">ntp-keygen exit status</a>, Previous: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-mv_002dkeys" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ntp-keygen mv-keys</a>, Up: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-Invocation" accesskey="u" rel="up">ntp-keygen Invocation</a> </p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<a name="presetting_002fconfiguring-ntp_002dkeygen"></a>
|
|
<h4 class="subsection">1.2.22 presetting/configuring ntp-keygen</h4>
|
|
|
|
<p>Any option that is not marked as <i>not presettable</i> may be preset by
|
|
loading values from configuration ("rc" or "ini") files, and values from environment variables named <code>NTP-KEYGEN</code> and <code>NTP-KEYGEN_<OPTION_NAME></code>. <code><OPTION_NAME></code> must be one of
|
|
the options listed above in upper case and segmented with underscores.
|
|
The <code>NTP-KEYGEN</code> variable will be tokenized and parsed like
|
|
the command line. The remaining variables are tested for existence and their
|
|
values are treated like option arguments.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><code>libopts</code> will search in 2 places for configuration files:
|
|
</p><ul>
|
|
<li> $HOME
|
|
</li><li> $PWD
|
|
</li></ul>
|
|
<p>The environment variables <code>HOME</code>, and <code>PWD</code>
|
|
are expanded and replaced when <samp>ntp-keygen</samp> runs.
|
|
For any of these that are plain files, they are simply processed.
|
|
For any that are directories, then a file named <samp>.ntprc</samp> is searched for
|
|
within that directory and processed.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Configuration files may be in a wide variety of formats.
|
|
The basic format is an option name followed by a value (argument) on the
|
|
same line. Values may be separated from the option name with a colon,
|
|
equal sign or simply white space. Values may be continued across multiple
|
|
lines by escaping the newline with a backslash.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Multiple programs may also share the same initialization file.
|
|
Common options are collected at the top, followed by program specific
|
|
segments. The segments are separated by lines like:
|
|
</p><div class="example">
|
|
<pre class="example">[NTP-KEYGEN]
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
<p>or by
|
|
</p><div class="example">
|
|
<pre class="example"><?program ntp-keygen>
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
<p>Do not mix these styles within one configuration file.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Compound values and carefully constructed string values may also be
|
|
specified using XML syntax:
|
|
</p><div class="example">
|
|
<pre class="example"><option-name>
|
|
<sub-opt>...&lt;...&gt;...</sub-opt>
|
|
</option-name>
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
<p>yielding an <code>option-name.sub-opt</code> string value of
|
|
</p><div class="example">
|
|
<pre class="example">"...<...>..."
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
<p><code>AutoOpts</code> does not track suboptions. You simply note that it is a
|
|
hierarchicly valued option. <code>AutoOpts</code> does provide a means for searching
|
|
the associated name/value pair list (see: optionFindValue).
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>The command line options relating to configuration and/or usage help are:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<a name="version-_0028_002d_0029"></a>
|
|
<h4 class="subsubheading">version (-)</h4>
|
|
|
|
<p>Print the program version to standard out, optionally with licensing
|
|
information, then exit 0. The optional argument specifies how much licensing
|
|
detail to provide. The default is to print just the version. The licensing infomation may be selected with an option argument.
|
|
Only the first letter of the argument is examined:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<dl compact="compact">
|
|
<dt>‘<samp>version</samp>’</dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Only print the version. This is the default.
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
<dt>‘<samp>copyright</samp>’</dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Name the copyright usage licensing terms.
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
<dt>‘<samp>verbose</samp>’</dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Print the full copyright usage licensing terms.
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<a name="ntp_002dkeygen-exit-status"></a>
|
|
<div class="header">
|
|
<p>
|
|
Next: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-Usage" accesskey="n" rel="next">ntp-keygen Usage</a>, Previous: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-config" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ntp-keygen config</a>, Up: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-Invocation" accesskey="u" rel="up">ntp-keygen Invocation</a> </p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<a name="ntp_002dkeygen-exit-status-1"></a>
|
|
<h4 class="subsection">1.2.23 ntp-keygen exit status</h4>
|
|
|
|
<p>One of the following exit values will be returned:
|
|
</p><dl compact="compact">
|
|
<dt>‘<samp>0 (EXIT_SUCCESS)</samp>’</dt>
|
|
<dd><p>Successful program execution.
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
<dt>‘<samp>1 (EXIT_FAILURE)</samp>’</dt>
|
|
<dd><p>The operation failed or the command syntax was not valid.
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
<dt>‘<samp>66 (EX_NOINPUT)</samp>’</dt>
|
|
<dd><p>A specified configuration file could not be loaded.
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
<dt>‘<samp>70 (EX_SOFTWARE)</samp>’</dt>
|
|
<dd><p>libopts had an internal operational error. Please report
|
|
it to autogen-users@lists.sourceforge.net. Thank you.
|
|
</p></dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<a name="ntp_002dkeygen-Usage"></a>
|
|
<div class="header">
|
|
<p>
|
|
Next: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-Notes" accesskey="n" rel="next">ntp-keygen Notes</a>, Previous: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-exit-status" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ntp-keygen exit status</a>, Up: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-Invocation" accesskey="u" rel="up">ntp-keygen Invocation</a> </p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<a name="ntp_002dkeygen-Usage-1"></a>
|
|
<h4 class="subsection">1.2.24 ntp-keygen Usage</h4>
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<a name="ntp_002dkeygen-Notes"></a>
|
|
<div class="header">
|
|
<p>
|
|
Next: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-Bugs" accesskey="n" rel="next">ntp-keygen Bugs</a>, Previous: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-Usage" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ntp-keygen Usage</a>, Up: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-Invocation" accesskey="u" rel="up">ntp-keygen Invocation</a> </p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<a name="ntp_002dkeygen-Notes-1"></a>
|
|
<h4 class="subsection">1.2.25 ntp-keygen Notes</h4>
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<a name="ntp_002dkeygen-Bugs"></a>
|
|
<div class="header">
|
|
<p>
|
|
Previous: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-Notes" accesskey="p" rel="prev">ntp-keygen Notes</a>, Up: <a href="#ntp_002dkeygen-Invocation" accesskey="u" rel="up">ntp-keygen Invocation</a> </p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<a name="ntp_002dkeygen-Bugs-1"></a>
|
|
<h4 class="subsection">1.2.26 ntp-keygen Bugs</h4>
|
|
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<a name="Random-Seed-File"></a>
|
|
<div class="header">
|
|
<p>
|
|
Next: <a href="#Cryptographic-Data-Files" accesskey="n" rel="next">Cryptographic Data Files</a>, Previous: <a href="#Running-the-Program" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Running the Program</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> </p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<a name="Random-Seed-File-2"></a>
|
|
<h3 class="section">1.3 Random Seed File</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>All cryptographically sound key generation schemes must have means to
|
|
randomize the entropy seed used to initialize the internal
|
|
pseudo-random number generator used by the OpenSSL library routines.
|
|
If a site supports ssh, it is very likely that means to do this are
|
|
already available.
|
|
The entropy seed used by the OpenSSL library is contained in a file,
|
|
usually called <code>.rnd</code>, which must be available when
|
|
starting the <code>ntp-keygen</code> program or <code>ntpd</code> daemon.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>The OpenSSL library looks for the file using the path specified by the
|
|
<code>RANDFILE</code> environment variable in the user home directory, whether root
|
|
or some other user.
|
|
If the <code>RANDFILE</code> environment variable is not
|
|
present, the library looks for the <code>.rnd</code> file in the user home
|
|
directory.
|
|
Since both the <code>ntp-keygen</code> program and <code>ntpd</code> daemon must run
|
|
as root, the logical place to put this file is in <code>/.rnd</code> or
|
|
<code>/root/.rnd</code>.
|
|
If the file is not available or cannot be written, the program exits
|
|
with a message to the system log.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<hr>
|
|
<a name="Cryptographic-Data-Files"></a>
|
|
<div class="header">
|
|
<p>
|
|
Previous: <a href="#Random-Seed-File" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Random Seed File</a>, Up: <a href="#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> </p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<a name="Cryptographic-Data-Files-2"></a>
|
|
<h3 class="section">1.4 Cryptographic Data Files</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>File and link names are in the <code>form ntpkey_key_name.fstamp</code>,
|
|
where <code>key</code> is the key or parameter type,
|
|
<code>name</code> is the host or group name and
|
|
<code>fstamp</code> is the filestamp (NTP seconds) when the file was created).
|
|
By convention, key names in generated file names include both upper and
|
|
lower case characters, while key names in generated link names include
|
|
only lower case characters. The filestamp is not used in generated link
|
|
names.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>The key name is a string defining the cryptographic key type.
|
|
Key types include public/private keys host and sign, certificate cert
|
|
and several challenge/response key types.
|
|
By convention, client files used for
|
|
challenges have a par subtype, as in the IFF challenge IFFpar, while
|
|
server files for responses have a key subtype, as in the GQ response
|
|
GQkey.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>All files begin with two nonencrypted lines. The first line contains
|
|
the file name in the format <code>ntpkey_key_host.fstamp</code>.
|
|
The second line contains the datestamp in conventional Unix date format.
|
|
Lines beginning with <code>#</code> are ignored.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>The remainder of the file contains cryptographic data encoded first
|
|
using ASN.1 rules, then encrypted using the DES-CBC algorithm with
|
|
given password and finally written in PEM-encoded printable ASCII text
|
|
preceded and followed by MIME content identifier lines.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>The format of the symmetric keys file, ordinarily named <code>ntp.keys</code>,
|
|
is somewhat different than the other files in the interest of backward
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
Ordinarily, the file is generated by this program, but
|
|
it can be constructed and edited using an ordinary text editor.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="example">
|
|
<pre class="example"># ntpkey_MD5key_hms.local.3564038757
|
|
# Sun Dec 9 02:45:57 2012
|
|
|
|
1 MD5 "]!ghT%O;3)WJ,/Nc:>I # MD5 key
|
|
2 MD5 lu+H^tF46BKR-6~pV_5 # MD5 key
|
|
3 MD5 :lnoVsE%Yz*avh%EtNC # MD5 key
|
|
4 MD5 |fdZrf0sF~;w-i^V # MD5 key
|
|
5 MD5 IyAG>O"y"LmCRS!*bHC # MD5 key
|
|
6 MD5 ">e\A>hT/661ri52,,H # MD5 key
|
|
7 MD5 c9x=M'CfLxax9v)PV-si # MD5 key
|
|
8 MD5 E|=jvFVov?Bn|Ev=&aK\ # MD5 key
|
|
9 MD5 T!c4UT&`(m$+m+B6,`Q0 # MD5 key
|
|
10 MD5 JVF/1=)=IFbHbJQz..Cd # MD5 key
|
|
11 SHA1 6dea311109529e436c2b4fccae9bc753c16d1b48 # SHA1 key
|
|
12 SHA1 7076f373d86c4848c59ff8046e49cb7d614ec394 # SHA1 key
|
|
13 SHA1 5f48b1b60591eb01b7cf1d33b7774f08d20262d3 # SHA1 key
|
|
14 SHA1 eed5ab9d9497319ec60cf3781d52607e76720178 # SHA1 key
|
|
15 SHA1 f283562611a04c964da8126296f5f8e58c3f85de # SHA1 key
|
|
16 SHA1 1930da171297dd63549af50b29449de17dcf341f # SHA1 key
|
|
17 SHA1 fee892110358cd4382322b889869e750db8e8a8f # SHA1 key
|
|
18 SHA1 b5520c9fadd7ad3fd8bfa061c8821b65d029bb37 # SHA1 key
|
|
19 SHA1 8c74fb440ec80f453ec6aaa62b9baed0ab723b92 # SHA1 key
|
|
20 SHA1 6bc05f734306a189326000970c19b3910f403795 # SHA1 key
|
|
</pre></div>
|
|
|
|
<p>Figure 1. Typical Symmetric Key File
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Figure 1 shows a typical symmetric keys file used by the reference
|
|
implementation.
|
|
Each line of the file contains three fields, first an
|
|
integer between 1 and 65535, inclusive, representing the key identifier
|
|
used in the server and peer configuration commands.
|
|
Next is the key type for the message digest algorithm,
|
|
which in the absence of the
|
|
OpenSSL library must be MD5 to designate the MD5 message digest
|
|
algorithm.
|
|
If the OpenSSL library is installed, the key type can be any
|
|
message digest algorithm supported by that library.
|
|
However, if
|
|
compatibility with FIPS 140-2 is required, the key type must be either
|
|
SHA or SHA1.
|
|
The key type can be changed using an ASCII text editor.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>An MD5 key consists of a printable ASCII string less than or equal to
|
|
16 characters and terminated by whitespace or a # character.
|
|
An OpenSSL
|
|
key consists of a hex-encoded ASCII string of 40 characters, which is
|
|
truncated as necessary.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Note that the keys used by the <code>ntpq</code> and <code>ntpdc</code> programs are
|
|
checked against passwords requested by the programs and entered by hand,
|
|
so it
|
|
is generally appropriate to specify these keys in human readable ASCII
|
|
format.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>The <code>ntp-keygen</code> program generates a MD5 symmetric keys file
|
|
<code>ntpkey_MD5key_hostname.filestamp</code>.
|
|
Since the file contains private
|
|
shared keys, it should be visible only to root and distributed by
|
|
secure means to other subnet hosts.
|
|
The NTP daemon loads the file <code>ntp.keys</code>, so <code>ntp-keygen</code>
|
|
installs a soft link from this name to the generated file.
|
|
Subsequently, similar soft links must be installed by
|
|
manual or automated means on the other subnet hosts.
|
|
While this file is
|
|
not used with the Autokey Version 2 protocol, it is needed to
|
|
authenticate some remote configuration commands used by the <code>ntpq</code> and
|
|
<code>ntpdc</code> utilities.
|
|
</p><hr>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html>
|