freebsd-dev/usr.sbin/ancontrol/ancontrol.8

.\" Copyright (c) 1997, 1998, 1999
.\"	Bill Paul <wpaul@ee.columbia.edu> All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
.\"	This product includes software developed by Bill Paul.
.\" 4. Neither the name of the author nor the names of any co-contributors
.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\"   without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY Bill Paul AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL Bill Paul OR THE VOICES IN HIS HEAD
.\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
.\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
.\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
.\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF
.\" THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\" $FreeBSD$
.\"
.Dd September 10, 1999
.Dt ANCONTROL 8
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm ancontrol
.Nd configure Aironet 4500/4800 devices
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm
.Fl i Ar iface Fl A
.Nm
.Fl i Ar iface Fl N
.Nm
.Fl i Ar iface Fl S
.Nm
.Fl i Ar iface Fl I
.Nm
.Fl i Ar iface Fl T
.Nm
.Fl i Ar iface Fl C
.Nm
.Fl i Ar iface Fl Q
.Nm
.Fl i Ar iface Fl Z
.Nm
.Fl i Ar iface Fl R
.Nm
.Fl i Ar iface Fl t Cm 0 Ns - Ns Cm 4
.Nm
.Fl i Ar iface Fl s Cm 0 Ns - Ns Cm 3
.Nm
.Fl i Ar iface
.Op Fl v Cm 1 Ns - Ns Cm 4
.Fl a Ar AP
.Nm
.Fl i Ar iface Fl b Ar beacon_period
.Nm
.Fl i Ar iface
.Op Fl v Cm 0 | 1
.Fl d Cm 0 Ns - Ns Cm 3
.Nm
.Fl i Ar iface Fl e Cm 0 Ns - Ns Cm 4
.Nm
.Fl i Ar iface
.Op Fl v Cm 0 Ns - Ns Cm 8
.Fl k Ar key
.Nm
.Fl i Ar iface
.Fl K Cm 0 Ns - Ns Cm 2
.Nm
.Fl i Ar iface
.Fl W Cm 0 Ns - Ns Cm 2
.Nm
.Fl i Ar iface
.Fl L Ar user_name
.Nm
.Fl i Ar iface Fl j Ar netjoin_timeout
.Nm
.Fl i Ar iface Fl l Ar station_name
.Nm
.Fl i Ar iface Fl m Ar mac_address
.Nm
.Fl i Ar iface
.Op Fl v Cm 1 Ns - Ns Cm 3
.Fl n Ar SSID
.Nm
.Fl i Ar iface Fl o Cm 0 | 1
.Nm
.Fl i Ar iface Fl p Ar tx_power
.Nm
.Fl i Ar iface Fl c Ar frequency
.Nm
.Fl i Ar iface Fl f Ar fragmentation_threshold
.Nm
.Fl i Ar iface Fl r Ar RTS_threshold
.Nm
.Fl i Ar iface Fl M Cm 0 Ns - Ns Cm 15
.Nm
.Fl h
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
utility controls the operation of Aironet wireless networking
devices via the
.Xr an 4
driver.
Most of the parameters that can be changed relate to the
IEEE 802.11 protocol which the Aironet cards implement.
This includes such things as
the station name, whether the station is operating in ad-hoc (point
to point) or infrastructure mode, and the network name of a service
set to join.
The
.Nm
utility can also be used to view the current NIC status, configuration
and to dump out the values of the card's statistics counters.
.Pp
The
.Ar iface
argument given to
.Nm
should be the logical interface name associated with the Aironet
device
.Li ( an0 , an1 ,
etc.).
If one is not specified the device
.Dq Li an0
will be assumed.
.Pp
The
.Nm
utility is not designed to support the combination of arguments from different
.Sx SYNOPSIS
lines in a single
.Nm
invocation, and such combinations are not recommended.
.Sh OPTIONS
The options are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Fl i Ar iface Fl A
Display the preferred access point list.
The AP list can be used by
stations to specify the MAC address of access points with which it
wishes to associate.
If no AP list is specified (the default) then
the station will associate with the first access point that it finds
which serves the SSID(s) specified in the SSID list.
The AP list can
be modified with the
.Fl a
option.
.It Fl i Ar iface Fl N
Display the SSID list.
This is a list of service set IDs (i.e., network names)
with which the station wishes to associate.
There may be up to three SSIDs
in the list: the station will go through the list in ascending order and
associate with the first matching SSID that it finds.
.It Fl i Ar iface Fl S
Display NIC status information.
This includes the current operating
status, current BSSID, SSID, channel, beacon period and currently
associated access point.
The operating mode indicates the state of
the NIC, MAC status and receiver status.
When the
.Qq Li synced
keyword
appears, it means the NIC has successfully associated with an access
point, associated with an ad-hoc
.Dq master
station, or become a
.Dq master
itself.
The beacon period can be anything between 20 and 976 milliseconds.
The default is 100.
.It Fl i Ar iface Fl I
Display NIC capability information.
This shows the device type,
frequency, speed and power level capabilities and firmware revision levels.
.It Fl i Ar iface Fl T
Display the NIC's internal statistics counters.
.It Fl i Ar iface Fl C
Display current NIC configuration.
This shows the current operation mode,
receive mode, MAC address, power save settings, various timing settings,
channel selection, diversity, transmit power and transmit speed.
.It Fl i Ar iface Fl Q
Display the cached signal strength information maintained by the
.Xr an 4
driver.
The driver retains information about signal strength and
noise level for packets received from different hosts.
The signal strength and noise level values are displayed in units of dBms by
default.
The
.Va hw.an.an_cache_mode
.Xr sysctl 8
variable can be set to
.Cm raw , dbm
or
.Cm per .
.It Fl i Ar iface Fl Z
Clear the signal strength cache maintained internally by the
.Xr an 4
driver.
.It Fl i Ar iface Fl R
Display RSSI map that converts from the RSSI index to percent and dBm.
.It Fl i Ar iface Fl t Cm 0 Ns - Ns Cm 4
Select transmit speed.
The available settings are as follows:
.Bl -column ".Em TX rate" -offset indent
.Em "TX rate	NIC speed"
.It Cm 0 Ta "Auto -- NIC selects optimal speed"
.It Cm 1 Ta "1Mbps fixed"
.It Cm 2 Ta "2Mbps fixed"
.It Cm 3 Ta "5.5Mbps fixed"
.It Cm 4 Ta "11Mbps fixed"
.El
.Pp
Note that the 5.5 and 11Mbps settings are only supported on the 4800
series adapters: the 4500 series adapters have a maximum speed of 2Mbps.
.It Fl i Ar iface Fl s Cm 0 Ns - Ns Cm 3
Set power save mode.
Valid selections are as follows:
.Bl -column ".Em Selection" -offset indent
.Em "Selection	Power save mode"
.It Cm 0 Ta "None - power save disabled"
.It Cm 1 Ta "Constantly awake mode (CAM)"
.It Cm 2 Ta "Power Save Polling (PSP)"
.It Cm 3 Ta "Fast Power Save Polling (PSP-CAM)"
.El
.Pp
Note that for IBSS (ad-hoc) mode, only PSP mode is supported, and only
if the ATIM window is non-zero.
.It Fl i Ar iface Oo Fl v Cm 1 Ns - Ns Cm 4 Oc Fl a Ar AP
Set preferred access point.
The
.Ar AP
is specified as a MAC address consisting of 6 hexadecimal values
separated by colons.
By default, the
.Fl a
option only sets the first entry in the AP list.
The
.Fl v
modifier can be used to specify exactly which AP list entry is to be
modified.
If the
.Fl v
flag is not used, the first AP list entry will be changed.
.It Fl i Ar iface Fl b Ar beacon_period
Set the ad-hoc mode beacon period.
The
.Ar beacon_period
is specified in milliseconds.
The default is 100ms.
.It Fl i Ar iface Oo Fl v Cm 0 | 1 Oc Fl d Cm 0 Ns - Ns Cm 3
Select the antenna diversity.
Aironet devices can be configured with up
to two antennas, and transmit and receive diversity can be configured
accordingly.
Valid selections are as follows:
.Bl -column ".Em Selection" -offset indent
.Em "Selection	Diversity"
.It Cm 0 Ta "Select factory default diversity"
.It Cm 1 Ta "Antenna 1 only"
.It Cm 2 Ta "Antenna 2 only"
.It Cm 3 Ta "Antenna 1 and 2"
.El
.Pp
The receive and transmit diversity can be set independently.
The user
must specify which diversity setting is to be modified by using the
.Fl v
option: selection
.Cm 0
sets the receive diversity and
.Cm 1
sets the transmit diversity.
.It Fl i Ar iface Fl e Cm 0 Ns - Ns Cm 4
Set the transmit WEP key to use.
Note that until this command is issued, the device will use the
last key programmed.
The transmit key is stored in NVRAM.
Currently
set transmit key can be checked via
.Fl C
option.
Selection
.Cm 4
sets the card in
.Dq "Home Network Mode"
and uses the home key.
.It Fl i Ar iface Oo Fl v Cm 0 Ns - Ns Cm 8 Oc Fl k Ar key
Set a WEP key.
For 40 bit prefix 10 hex character with 0x.
For 128 bit prefix 26 hex character with 0x.
Use
.Qq
as the key to erase the key.
Supports 4 keys; even numbers are for permanent keys
and odd number are for temporary keys.
For example,
.Fl v Cm 1
sets the first temporary key.
(A
.Dq permanent
key is stored in NVRAM; a
.Dq temporary
key is not.)
Note that the device will use the most recently-programmed key by default.
Currently set keys can be checked via
.Fl C
option, only the sizes of the
keys are returned.
The value of
.Cm 8
is for the home key.
Note that the value for the home key can be read back from firmware.
.It Fl i Ar iface Fl K Cm 0 Ns - Ns Cm 2
Set authorization type.
Use
.Cm 0
for none,
.Cm 1
for
.Dq Open ,
.Cm 2
for
.Dq "Shared Key" .
.It Fl i Ar iface Fl W Cm 0 Ns - Ns Cm 2
Enable WEP.
Use
.Cm 0
for no WEP,
.Cm 1
to enable full WEP,
.Cm 2
for mixed cell.
.It Fl i Ar iface Fl L Ar user_name
Enable LEAP and query for password.
It will check to see if it has authenticated for up to 60s.
To disable LEAP, set WEP mode.
.It Fl i Ar iface Fl j Ar netjoin_timeout
Set the ad-hoc network join timeout.
When a station is first activated
in ad-hoc mode, it will search out a
.Dq master
station with the desired
SSID and associate with it.
If the station is unable to locate another
station with the same SSID after a suitable timeout, it sets itself up
as the
.Dq master
so that other stations may associate with it.
This
timeout defaults to 10000 milliseconds (10 seconds) but may be changed
with this option.
The timeout should be specified in milliseconds.
.It Fl i Ar iface Fl l Ar station_name
Set the station name used internally by the NIC.
The
.Ar station_name
can be any text string up to 16 characters in length.
The default name
is set by the driver to
.Dq Li FreeBSD .
.It Fl i Ar iface Fl m Ar mac_address
Set the station address for the specified interface.
The
.Ar mac_address
is specified as a series of six hexadecimal values separated by colons,
e.g.:
.Li 00:60:1d:12:34:56 .
This programs the new address into the card
and updates the interface as well.
.It Fl i Ar iface Oo Fl v Cm 1 Ns - Ns Cm 3 Oc Fl n Ar SSID
Set the desired SSID (network name).
There are three SSIDs which allows
the NIC to work with access points at several locations without needing
to be reconfigured.
The NIC checks each SSID in sequence when searching
for a match.
The SSID to be changed can be specified with the
.Fl v
modifier option.
If the
.Fl v
flag is not used, the first SSID in the list is set.
.It Fl i Ar iface Fl o Cm 0 | 1
Set the operating mode of the Aironet interface.
Valid selections are
.Cm 0
for ad-hoc mode and
.Cm 1
for infrastructure mode.
The default driver setting is for infrastructure
mode.
.It Fl i Ar iface Fl p Ar tx_power
Set the transmit power level in milliwatts.
Valid power settings
vary depending on the actual NIC and can be viewed by dumping the
device capabilities with the
.Fl I
flag.
Typical values are 1, 5, 20, 50 and 100mW.
Selecting 0 sets
the factory default.
.It Fl i Ar iface Fl c Ar frequency
Set the radio frequency of a given interface.
The
.Ar frequency
should be specified as a channel ID as shown in the table below.
The
list of available frequencies is dependent on radio regulations specified
by regional authorities.
Recognized regulatory authorities include
the FCC (United States), ETSI (Europe), France and Japan.
Frequencies
in the table are specified in MHz.
.Bl -column ".Em Channel ID" ".Em FCC" ".Em ETSI" ".Em France" ".Em Japan" -offset indent
.Em "Channel ID	FCC	ETSI	France	Japan"
.It Cm 1 Ta 2412 Ta 2412 Ta - Ta -
.It Cm 2 Ta 2417 Ta 2417 Ta - Ta -
.It Cm 3 Ta 2422 Ta 2422 Ta - Ta -
.It Cm 4 Ta 2427 Ta 2427 Ta - Ta -
.It Cm 5 Ta 2432 Ta 2432 Ta - Ta -
.It Cm 6 Ta 2437 Ta 2437 Ta - Ta -
.It Cm 7 Ta 2442 Ta 2442 Ta - Ta -
.It Cm 8 Ta 2447 Ta 2447 Ta - Ta -
.It Cm 9 Ta 2452 Ta 2452 Ta - Ta -
.It Cm 10 Ta 2457 Ta 2457 Ta 2457 Ta -
.It Cm 11 Ta 2462 Ta 2462 Ta 2462 Ta -
.It Cm 12 Ta - Ta 2467 Ta 2467 Ta -
.It Cm 13 Ta - Ta 2472 Ta 2472 Ta -
.It Cm 14 Ta - Ta - Ta - Ta 2484
.El
.Pp
If an illegal channel is specified, the
NIC will revert to its default channel.
For NICs sold in the United States
and Europe, the default channel is 3.
For NICs sold in France, the default
channel is 11.
For NICs sold in Japan, the only available channel is 14.
Note that two stations must be set to the same channel in order to
communicate.
.It Fl i Ar iface Fl f Ar fragmentation_threshold
Set the fragmentation threshold in bytes.
This threshold controls the
point at which outgoing packets will be split into multiple fragments.
If a single fragment is not sent successfully, only that fragment will
need to be retransmitted instead of the whole packet.
The fragmentation
threshold can be anything from 64 to 2312 bytes.
The default is 2312.
.It Fl i Ar iface Fl r Ar RTS_threshold
Set the RTS/CTS threshold for a given interface.
This controls the
number of bytes used for the RTS/CTS handshake boundary.
The
.Ar RTS_threshold
can be any value between 0 and 2312.
The default is 2312.
.It Fl i Ar iface Fl M Cm 0 Ns - Ns Cm 15
Set monitor mode via bit mask, meaning:
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width indent -offset indent -compact
.It Em Bit
.Em Meaning
.It 0
to not dump 802.11 packet.
.It 1
to enable 802.11 monitor.
.It 2
to monitor any SSID.
.It 4
to not skip beacons, monitor beacons produces a high system load.
.It 8
to enable full Aironet header returned via BPF.
Note it appears that a SSID must be set.
.El
.It Fl h
Print a list of available options and sample usage.
.El
.Sh SECURITY NOTES
WEP
.Pq Dq "wired equivalent privacy"
is based on the RC4 algorithm,
using a 24 bit initialization vector.
.Pp
RC4 is supposedly vulnerable to certain known plaintext attacks,
especially with 40 bit keys.
So the security of WEP in part depends on how much known plaintext
is transmitted.
.Pp
Because of this, although counter-intuitive, using
.Dq "shared key"
authentication (which involves sending known plaintext) is less
secure than using
.Dq open
authentication when WEP is enabled.
.Pp
Devices may alternate among all of the configured WEP keys when
transmitting packets.
Therefore, all configured keys (up to four) must agree.
.Sh EXAMPLES
.Bd -literal -offset indent
ancontrol -i an0 -v 0 -k 0x12345678901234567890123456
ancontrol -i an0 -K 2
ancontrol -i an0 -W 1
ancontrol -i an0 -e 0
.Ed
.Pp
Sets a WEP key 0, enables
.Dq "Shared Key"
authentication, enables full WEP
and uses transmit key 0.
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr an 4 ,
.Xr ifconfig 8
.Sh HISTORY
The
.Nm
utility first appeared in
.Fx 4.0 .
.Sh AUTHORS
The
.Nm
utility was written by
.An Bill Paul Aq wpaul@ee.columbia.edu .
.Sh BUGS
The statistics counters do not seem to show the amount of transmit
and received frames as increasing.
This is likely due to the fact that
the
.Xr an 4
driver uses unmodified packet mode instead of letting the NIC perform
802.11/ethernet encapsulation itself.
.Pp
Setting the channel does not seem to have any effect.