52517c0a57
Look up AS numbers at ARIN. Handle more referral formats. Suppress spammy nameserver objects when querying the .com and .net whois servers by explicitly querying for domain names by default.
274 lines
7.1 KiB
Groff
274 lines
7.1 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1990, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" From: @(#)whois.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd May 14, 2015
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.Dt WHOIS 1
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm whois
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.Nd "Internet domain name and network number directory service"
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl aAbfgiIklmPQr
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.Op Fl c Ar country-code | Fl h Ar host
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.Op Fl p Ar port
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.Ar name ...
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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utility looks up records in the databases maintained by several
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Network Information Centers
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.Pq Tn NICs .
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.Pp
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By default
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.Nm
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automatically discovers the name of a whois server to use
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from the top-level domain
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.Pq Tn TLD
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of the supplied (single) argument.
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It tries
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.Qq Va TLD Ns Li .whois-servers.net
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and
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.Qq Li whois.nic. Ns Va TLD
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and if neither host exists it falls back to its default server.
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.Pp
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If an IP address or AS number is specified,
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the whois server will default to
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the American Registry for Internet Numbers
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.Pq Tn ARIN .
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.Pp
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If
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.Nm
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cannot automatically discover a server,
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it will fall back to
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the host specified in the
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.Ev WHOIS_SERVER
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or
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.Ev RA_SERVER
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environment variables, or if those are not set, it will use
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.Pa whois.crsnic.net .
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.Pp
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The options are as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fl a
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Use the American Registry for Internet Numbers
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.Pq Tn ARIN
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database.
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It contains network numbers used in those parts of the world covered neither by
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.Tn APNIC , AfriNIC , LACNIC ,
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nor by
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.Tn RIPE .
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.Pp
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(Hint: All point of contact handles in the
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.Tn ARIN
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whois database end with
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.Qq Li -ARIN . )
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.It Fl A
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Use the Asia/Pacific Network Information Center
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.Pq Tn APNIC
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database.
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It contains network numbers used in East Asia, Australia,
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New Zealand, and the Pacific islands.
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.It Fl b
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Use the Network Abuse Clearinghouse database.
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It contains addresses to which network abuse should be reported,
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indexed by domain name.
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.It Fl c Ar country-code
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This is the equivalent of using the
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.Fl h
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option with an argument of
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.Qq Ar country-code Ns Li .whois-servers.net .
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.It Fl f
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Use the African Network Information Centre
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.Pq Tn AfriNIC
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database.
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It contains network numbers used in Africa and the islands of the
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western Indian Ocean.
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.It Fl g
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Use the US non-military federal government database, which contains points of
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contact for subdomains of
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.Pa .GOV .
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.It Fl h Ar host
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Use the specified host instead of the default.
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Either a host name or an IP address may be specified.
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.It Fl i
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Use the obsolete Network Solutions Registry for Internet Numbers
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.Pq Pa whois.networksolutions.com
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database.
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.It Fl I
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Use the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
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.Pq Tn IANA
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database.
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It contains network information for top-level domains.
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.It Fl k
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Use the National Internet Development Agency of Korea's
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.Pq Tn KRNIC
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database.
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It contains network numbers and domain contact information
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for Korea.
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.It Fl l
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Use the Latin American and Caribbean IP address Regional Registry
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.Pq Tn LACNIC
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database.
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It contains network numbers used in much of Latin America and the
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Caribbean.
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.It Fl m
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Use the Route Arbiter Database
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.Pq Tn RADB
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database.
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It contains route policy specifications for a large
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number of operators' networks.
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.It Fl p Ar port
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Connect to the whois server on
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.Ar port .
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If this option is not specified,
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.Nm
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defaults to port 43.
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.It Fl P
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Use the PeeringDB database of AS numbers.
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It contains details about presence at internet peering points
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for many network operators.
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.It Fl Q
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Do a quick lookup;
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.Nm
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will not attempt to follow referrals to other whois servers.
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This is the default if a server is explicitly specified
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using one of the other options.
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See also the
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.Fl R
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option.
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.It Fl r
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Use the R\(aaeseaux IP Europ\(aaeens
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.Pq Tn RIPE
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database.
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It contains network numbers and domain contact information
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for Europe.
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.It Fl R
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Do a recursive lookup;
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.Nm
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will attempt to follow referrals to other whois servers.
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This is the default if no server is explicitly specified.
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See also the
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.Fl Q
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option.
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.It Fl S
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By default, if the whois server is
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.Pa whois.verisign-grs.com
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(or a CNAME alias pointing at that name)
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then
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.Nm
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will query for
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.Dl domain Ar name
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The
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.Fl S
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option suppresses this behaviour,
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allowing you to make a loose-matching query,
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or query for host objects using the syntax
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.Dl nameserver Ar name
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.El
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.Pp
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The operands specified to
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.Nm
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are treated independently and may be used
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as queries on different whois servers.
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.Sh ENVIRONMENT
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.Bl -tag
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.It Ev WHOIS_SERVER
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The primary default whois server.
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If this is unset,
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.Nm
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uses the
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.Ev RA_SERVER
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environment variable.
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.It Ev RA_SERVER
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The secondary default whois server.
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If this is unset,
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.Nm
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will use
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.Pa whois.crsnic.net .
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.El
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.Sh EXIT STATUS
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.Ex -std
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.Sh EXAMPLES
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Most types of data, such as domain names and
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.Tn IP
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addresses, can be used as arguments to
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.Nm
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without any options, and
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.Nm
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will choose the correct whois server to query.
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Some exceptions, where
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.Nm
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will not be able to handle data correctly, are detailed below.
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.Pp
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To obtain contact information about an
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administrator located in the Russian
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.Tn TLD
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domain
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.Qq Li RU ,
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use the
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.Fl c
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option as shown in the following example, where
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.Ar CONTACT-ID
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is substituted with the actual contact identifier.
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.Pp
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.Dl "whois -c RU CONTACT-ID"
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.Pp
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(Note: This example is specific to the
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.Tn TLD
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.Qq Li RU ,
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but other
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.Tn TLDs
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can be queried by using a similar syntax.)
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.Pp
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The following example demonstrates how to query
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a whois server using a non-standard port, where
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.Dq Li query-data
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is the query to be sent to
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.Dq Li whois.example.com
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on port
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.Dq Li rwhois
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(written numerically as 4321).
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.Pp
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.Dl "whois -h whois.example.com -p rwhois query-data"
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Rs
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.%A Ken Harrenstien
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.%A Vic White
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.%T NICNAME/WHOIS
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.%D 1 March 1982
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.%O RFC 812
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.Re
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Nm
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command appeared in
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.Bx 4.3 .
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