443 lines
17 KiB
Perl
443 lines
17 KiB
Perl
.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)4.t 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/8/93
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.\"
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.\".ds RH "Configuration File Syntax
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.ne 2i
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.NH
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CONFIGURATION FILE SYNTAX
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.PP
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In this section we consider the specific rules used in writing
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a configuration file. A complete grammar for the input language
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can be found in Appendix A and may be of use if you should have
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problems with syntax errors.
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.PP
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A configuration file is broken up into three logical pieces:
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.IP \(bu 3
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configuration parameters global to all system images
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specified in the configuration file,
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.IP \(bu 3
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parameters specific to each
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system image to be generated, and
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.IP \(bu 3
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device specifications.
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.NH 2
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Global configuration parameters
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.PP
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The global configuration parameters are the type of machine,
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cpu types, options, timezone, system identifier, and maximum users.
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Each is specified with a separate line in the configuration file.
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.IP "\fBmachine\fP \fItype\fP"
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.br
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The system is to run on the machine type specified. No more than
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one machine type can appear in the configuration file. Legal values
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are
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.B vax
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and
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\fBsun\fP.
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.IP "\fBcpu\fP ``\fItype\fP''"
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.br
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This system is to run on the cpu type specified.
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More than one cpu type specification
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can appear in a configuration file.
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Legal types for a
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.B vax
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machine are
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\fBVAX8600\fP, \fBVAX780\fP, \fBVAX750\fP,
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\fBVAX730\fP
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and
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\fBVAX630\fP (MicroVAX II).
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The 8650 is listed as an 8600, the 785 as a 780, and a 725 as a 730.
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.IP "\fBoptions\fP \fIoptionlist\fP"
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.br
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Compile the listed optional code into the system.
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Options in this list are separated by commas.
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Possible options are listed at the top of the generic makefile.
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A line of the form ``options FUNNY,HAHA'' generates global ``#define''s
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\-DFUNNY \-DHAHA in the resultant makefile.
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An option may be given a value by following its name with ``\fB=\fP'',
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then the value enclosed in (double) quotes.
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The following are major options are currently in use:
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COMPAT (include code for compatibility with 4.1BSD binaries),
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INET (Internet communication protocols),
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NS (Xerox NS communication protocols),
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and
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QUOTA (enable disk quotas).
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Other kernel options controlling system sizes and limits
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are listed in Appendix D;
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options for the network are found in Appendix E.
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There are additional options which are associated with certain
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peripheral devices; those are listed in the Synopsis section
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of the manual page for the device.
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.IP "\fBmakeoptions\fP \fIoptionlist\fP"
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.br
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Options that are used within the system makefile
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and evaluated by
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.I make
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are listed as
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.IR makeoptions .
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Options are listed with their values with the form
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``makeoptions name=value,name2=value2.''
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The values must be enclosed in double quotes if they include numerals
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or begin with a dash.
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.IP "\fBtimezone\fP \fInumber\fP [ \fBdst\fP [ \fInumber\fP ] ]"
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.br
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Specifies the timezone used by the system. This is measured in the
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number of hours your timezone is west of GMT.
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EST is 5 hours west of GMT, PST is 8. Negative numbers
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indicate hours east of GMT. If you specify
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\fBdst\fP, the system will operate under daylight savings time.
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An optional integer or floating point number may be included
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to specify a particular daylight saving time correction algorithm;
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the default value is 1, indicating the United States.
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Other values are: 2 (Australian style), 3 (Western European),
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4 (Middle European), and 5 (Eastern European). See
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\fIgettimeofday\fP\|(2) and \fIctime\fP\|(3) for more information.
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.IP "\fBident\fP \fIname\fP"
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.br
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This system is to be known as
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.IR name .
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This is usually a cute name like ERNIE (short for Ernie Co-Vax) or
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VAXWELL (for Vaxwell Smart).
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This value is defined for use in conditional compilation,
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and is also used to locate an optional list of source files specific
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to this system.
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.IP "\fBmaxusers\fP \fInumber\fP"
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.br
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The maximum expected number of simultaneously active user on this system is
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.IR number .
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This number is used to size several system data structures.
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.NH 2
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System image parameters
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.PP
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Multiple bootable images may be specified in a single configuration
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file. The systems will have the same global configuration parameters
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and devices, but the location of the root file system and other
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system specific devices may be different. A system image is specified
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with a ``config'' line:
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.IP
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\fBconfig\fP\ \fIsysname\fP\ \fIconfig-clauses\fP
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.LP
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The
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.I sysname
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field is the name given to the loaded system image; almost everyone
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names their standard system image ``kernel''. The configuration clauses
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are one or more specifications indicating where the root file system
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is located and the number and location of paging devices.
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The device used by the system to process argument lists during
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.IR execve (2)
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calls may also be specified, though in practice this is almost
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always selected by
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.I config
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using one of its rules for selecting default locations for
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system devices.
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.PP
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A configuration clause is one of the following
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.IP
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.nf
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\fBroot\fP [ \fBon\fP ] \fIroot-device\fP
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\fBswap\fP [ \fBon\fP ] \fIswap-device\fP [ \fBand\fP \fIswap-device\fP ] ...
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\fBdumps\fP [ \fBon\fP ] \fIdump-device\fP
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\fBargs\fP [ \fBon\fP ] \fIarg-device\fP
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.LP
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(the ``on'' is optional.) Multiple configuration clauses
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are separated by white space;
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.I config
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allows specifications to be continued across multiple lines
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by beginning the continuation line with a tab character.
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The ``root'' clause specifies where the root file system
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is located, the ``swap'' clause indicates swapping and paging
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area(s), the ``dumps'' clause can be used to force system dumps
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to be taken on a particular device, and the ``args'' clause
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can be used to specify that argument list processing for
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.I execve
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should be done on a particular device.
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.PP
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The device names supplied in the clauses may be fully specified
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as a device, unit, and file system partition; or underspecified
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in which case
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.I config
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will use builtin rules to select default unit numbers and file
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system partitions. The defaulting rules are a bit complicated
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as they are dependent on the overall system configuration.
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For example, the swap area need not be specified at all if
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the root device is specified; in this case the swap area is
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placed in the ``b'' partition of the same disk where the root
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file system is located. Appendix B contains a complete list
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of the defaulting rules used in selecting system configuration
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devices.
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.PP
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The device names are translated to the
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appropriate major and minor device
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numbers on a per-machine basis. A file,
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``/sys/conf/devices.machine'' (where ``machine''
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is the machine type specified in the configuration file),
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is used to map a device name to its major block device number.
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The minor device number is calculated using the standard
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disk partitioning rules: on unit 0, partition ``a'' is minor device
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0, partition ``b'' is minor device 1, and so on; for units
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other than 0, add 8 times the unit number to get the minor
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device.
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.PP
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If the default mapping of device name to major/minor device
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number is incorrect for your configuration, it can be replaced
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by an explicit specification of the major/minor device.
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This is done by substituting
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.IP
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\fBmajor\fP \fIx\fP \fBminor\fP \fIy\fP
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.LP
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where the device name would normally be found. For example,
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.IP
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.nf
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\fBconfig\fP kernel \fBroot\fP \fBon\fP \fBmajor\fP 99 \fBminor\fP 1
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.fi
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.PP
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Normally, the areas configured for swap space are sized by the system
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at boot time. If a non-standard size is to be used for one
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or more swap areas (less than the full partition),
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this can also be specified. To do this, the
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device name specified for a swap area should have a ``size''
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specification appended. For example,
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.IP
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.nf
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\fBconfig\fP kernel \fBroot\fP \fBon\fP hp0 \fBswap\fP \fBon\fP hp0b \fBsize\fP 1200
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.fi
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.LP
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would force swapping to be done in partition ``b'' of ``hp0'' and
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the swap partition size would be set to 1200 sectors. A swap area
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sized larger than the associated disk partition is trimmed to the
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partition size.
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.PP
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To create a generic configuration, only the clause ``swap generic''
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should be specified; any extra clauses will cause an error.
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.NH 2
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Device specifications
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.PP
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Each device attached to a machine must be specified
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to
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.I config
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so that the system generated will know to probe for it during
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the autoconfiguration process carried out at boot time. Hardware
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specified in the configuration need not actually be present on
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the machine where the generated system is to be run. Only the
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hardware actually found at boot time will be used by the system.
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.PP
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The specification of hardware devices in the configuration file
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parallels the interconnection hierarchy of the machine to be
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configured. On the VAX, this means that a configuration file must
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indicate what MASSBUS and UNIBUS adapters are present, and to
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which \fInexi\fP they might be connected.*
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.FS
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* While VAX-11/750's and VAX-11/730 do not actually have
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nexi, the system treats them as having
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.I "simulated nexi"
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to simplify device configuration.
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.FE
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Similarly, devices
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and controllers must be indicated as possibly being connected
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to one or more adapters. A device description may provide a
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complete definition of the possible configuration parameters
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or it may leave certain parameters undefined and make the system
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probe for all the possible values. The latter allows a single
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device configuration list to match many possible physical
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configurations. For example, a disk may be indicated as present
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at UNIBUS adapter 0, or at any UNIBUS adapter which the system
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locates at boot time. The latter scheme, termed
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.IR wildcarding ,
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allows more flexibility in the physical configuration of a system;
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if a disk must be moved around for some reason, the system will
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still locate it at the alternate location.
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.PP
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A device specification takes one of the following forms:
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.IP
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.nf
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\fBmaster\fP \fIdevice-name\fP \fIdevice-info\fP
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\fBcontroller\fP \fIdevice-name\fP \fIdevice-info\fP [ \fIinterrupt-spec\fP ]
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\fBdevice\fP \fIdevice-name\fP \fIdevice-info\fP \fIinterrupt-spec\fP
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\fBdisk\fP \fIdevice-name\fP \fIdevice-info\fP
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\fBtape\fP \fIdevice-name\fP \fIdevice-info\fP
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.fi
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.LP
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A ``master'' is a MASSBUS tape controller; a ``controller'' is a
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disk controller, a UNIBUS tape controller, a MASSBUS adapter, or
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a UNIBUS adapter. A ``device'' is an autonomous device which
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connects directly to a UNIBUS adapter (as opposed to something
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like a disk which connects through a disk controller). ``Disk''
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and ``tape'' identify disk drives and tape drives connected to
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a ``controller'' or ``master.''
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.PP
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The
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.I device-name
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is one of the standard device names, as
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indicated in section 4 of the UNIX Programmers Manual,
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concatenated with the
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.I logical
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unit number to be assigned the device (the
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.I logical
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unit number may be different than the
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.I physical
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unit number indicated on the front of something
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like a disk; the
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.I logical
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unit number is used to refer to the UNIX device, not
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the physical unit number). For example, ``hp0'' is logical
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unit 0 of a MASSBUS storage device, even though it might
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be physical unit 3 on MASSBUS adapter 1.
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.PP
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The
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.I device-info
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clause specifies how the hardware is
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connected in the interconnection hierarchy. On the VAX,
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UNIBUS and MASSBUS adapters are connected to the internal
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system bus through
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a \fInexus\fP.
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Thus, one of the following
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specifications would be used:
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.IP
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.ta 1.5i 2.5i 4.0i
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.nf
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\fBcontroller\fP mba0 \fBat\fP \fBnexus\fP \fIx\fP
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\fBcontroller\fP uba0 \fBat\fP \fBnexus\fP \fIx\fP
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.fi
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.LP
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To tie a controller to a specific nexus, ``x'' would be supplied
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as the number of that nexus; otherwise ``x'' may be specified as
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``?'', in which
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case the system will probe all nexi present looking
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for the specified controller.
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.PP
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The remaining interconnections on the VAX are:
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.IP \(bu 3
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a controller
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may be connected to another controller (e.g. a disk controller attached
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to a UNIBUS adapter),
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.IP \(bu 3
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a master is always attached to a controller (a MASSBUS adapter),
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.IP \(bu 3
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a tape is always attached to a master (for MASSBUS
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tape drives),
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.IP \(bu 3
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a disk is always attached to a controller, and
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.IP \(bu 3
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devices
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are always attached to controllers (e.g. UNIBUS controllers attached
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to UNIBUS adapters).
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.LP
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The following lines give an example of each of these interconnections:
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.IP
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.ta 1.5i 2.5i 4.0i
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.nf
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\fBcontroller\fP hk0 \fBat\fP uba0 ...
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\fBmaster\fP ht0 \fBat\fP mba0 ...
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\fBdisk\fP hp0 \fBat\fP mba0 ...
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\fBtape\fP tu0 \fBat\fP ht0 ...
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\fBdisk\fP rk1 \fBat\fP hk0 ...
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\fBdevice\fP dz0 \fBat\fP uba0 ...
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.fi
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.LP
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Any piece of hardware which may be connected to a specific
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controller may also be wildcarded across multiple controllers.
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.PP
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The final piece of information needed by the system to configure
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devices is some indication of where or how a device will interrupt.
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For tapes and disks, simply specifying the \fIslave\fP or \fIdrive\fP
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number is sufficient to locate the control status register for the
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device.
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\fIDrive\fP numbers may be wildcarded
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on MASSBUS devices, but not on disks on a UNIBUS controller.
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For controllers, the control status register must be
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given explicitly, as well the number of interrupt vectors used and
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the names of the routines to which they should be bound.
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Thus the example lines given above might be completed as:
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.IP
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.ta 1.5i 2.5i 4.0i
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.nf
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\fBcontroller\fP hk0 \fBat\fP uba0 \fBcsr\fP 0177440 \fBvector\fP rkintr
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\fBmaster\fP ht0 \fBat\fP mba0 \fBdrive\fP 0
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\fBdisk\fP hp0 \fBat\fP mba0 \fBdrive\fP ?
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\fBtape\fP tu0 \fBat\fP ht0 \fBslave\fP 0
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\fBdisk\fP rk1 \fBat\fP hk0 \fBdrive\fP 1
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\fBdevice\fP dz0 \fBat\fP uba0 \fBcsr\fP 0160100 \fBvector\fP dzrint dzxint
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.fi
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.PP
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Certain device drivers require extra information passed to them
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at boot time to tailor their operation to the actual hardware present.
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The line printer driver, for example, needs to know how many columns
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are present on each non-standard line printer (i.e. a line printer
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with other than 80 columns). The drivers for the terminal multiplexors
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need to know which lines are attached to modem lines so that no one will
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be allowed to use them unless a connection is present. For this reason,
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one last parameter may be specified to a
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.IR device ,
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a
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.I flags
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field. It has the syntax
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.IP
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\fBflags\fP \fInumber\fP
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.LP
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and is usually placed after the
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.I csr
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specification. The
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.I number
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is passed directly to the associated driver. The manual pages
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in section 4 should be consulted to determine how each driver
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uses this value (if at all).
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Communications interface drivers commonly use the flags
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to indicate whether modem control signals are in use.
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.PP
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The exact syntax for each specific device is given in the Synopsis
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section of its manual page in section 4 of the manual.
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.NH 2
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Pseudo-devices
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.PP
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A number of drivers and software subsystems
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are treated like device drivers without any associated hardware.
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To include any of these pieces, a ``pseudo-device'' specification
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must be used. A specification for a pseudo device takes the form
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.IP
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.DT
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.nf
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\fBpseudo-device\fP \fIdevice-name\fP [ \fIhowmany\fP ]
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.fi
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.PP
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Examples of pseudo devices are
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\fBpty\fP, the pseudo terminal driver (where the optional
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.I howmany
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value indicates the number of pseudo terminals to configure, 32 default),
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and \fBloop\fP, the software loopback network pseudo-interface.
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Other pseudo devices for the network include
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\fBimp\fP (required when a CSS or ACC imp is configured)
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and \fBether\fP (used by the Address Resolution Protocol
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on 10 Mb/sec Ethernets).
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More information on configuring each of these can also be found
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in section 4 of the manual.
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