448 lines
20 KiB
Plaintext
448 lines
20 KiB
Plaintext
INSTALLATION GUIDE FOR FreeBSD 2.0.5
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This manual documents the process of installing FreeBSD on your
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machine. Please also see the Hardware Guide for hardware-specific
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installation instructions (how to configure your hardware, what sorts
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of things to watch out for, etc) before starting a new installation.
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Table of Contents:
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==================
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1.0 DOS User's Q&A section.
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1.1 How do I make space for FreeBSD?
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1.2 Can I use compressed DOS filesystems from FreeBSD?
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1.3 Can I use DOS extended partitions?
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1.4 Can I run DOS executables under FreeBSD?
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2.0 Preparing for the installation.
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2.1 Before installing from CDROM
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2.2 Before installing from Floppy
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2.3 Before installing from a DOS partition
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2.4 Before installing from QIC/SCSI tape
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2.5 Before installing over a network
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2.5.1 Preparing for NFS Installation
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2.5.2 Preparing for FTP Installation
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3.0 Installing FreeBSD.
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1.0 DOS user's Question and Answer section
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=== ======================================
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1.1 Help! I have no space! Do I need to delete everything first?
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If your machine is already running DOS and has little or no free space
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available for FreeBSD's installation, all is not lost! You may find
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the "FIPS" utility, provided in the tools/ subdirectory on the FreeBSD
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CDROM or on the various FreeBSD ftp sites, to be quite useful.
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FIPS allows you to split an existing DOS partition into two pieces,
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preserving the original partition and allowing you to install onto the
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second free piece. You first "defrag" your DOS partition, using the
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DOS 6.xx "DEFRAG" utility or the Norton Disk tools, then run FIPS. It
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will prompt you for the rest of the information it needs. Afterwards,
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you can reboot and install FreeBSD on the new free slice. See the
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Distributions menu for an estimation of how much free space you'll
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need for the kind of installation you want.
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1.2 Can I use compressed DOS filesystems from FreeBSD?
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No. If you are using a utility such as Stacker(tm) or DoubleSpace(tm),
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FreeBSD will only be able to use whatever portion of the filesystem
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you leave uncompressed. The rest of the filesystem will show up as
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one large file (the stacked/dblspaced file!). DO NOT REMOVE THAT
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FILE! You will probably regret it greatly!
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It is probably better to create another uncompressed DOS primary
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partition and use this for communications between DOS and FreeBSD.
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1.3 Can I mount my DOS extended partitions?
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This feature isn't in FreeBSD 2.0.5 but should be in 2.1. We've laid
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all the groundwork for making this happen, now we just need to do the
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last 1% of the work involved.
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1.4 Can I run DOS binaries under FreeBSD?
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Not yet! We'd like to add support for this someday, but are still
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lacking anyone to actually do the work. Ongoing work with Linux's
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DOSEMU utility may bring this much closer to being a reality sometime
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soon. Send mail to hackers@freebsd.org if you're interested in
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joining this effort!
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However, there is a neat utility called "pcemu" in the ports collection
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which emulates an 8088 and enough BIOS services to run DOS text mode
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applications. It requires the X Window System (provided as
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XFree86 3.1.1u1).
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2.0 Preparing for the installation
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=== ==============================
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2.1 Before installing from CDROM:
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If your CDROM is of an unsupported type, such as an IDE CDROM, then
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please skip to section 2.3: Before installing from a DOS partition.
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There is not a lot of preparatory work that needs to be done to
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successfully install from one of Walnut Creek's FreeBSD CDROMs (other
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CDROM distributions may work as well, we simply cannot say as we
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have no hand or say in their creation). You can either boot into the
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CD installation directly from DOS using Walnut Creek's supplied
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``install.bat'' batch file or you can make a boot floppy with
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the ``makeflp.bat'' command.
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For the easiest interface of all (from DOS), type "go". This
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will bring up a DOS menu utility that leads you through all
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the available options.
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If you're creating the boot floppy from a UNIX machine, you may find
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that ``dd if=floppies/boot.flp of=/dev/rfd0'' or
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``dd if=floppies/boot.flp of=/dev/floppy'' works well, depending on
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your hardware and operating system environment.
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Once you've booted from DOS or floppy, you should then be able to select
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CDROM as the media type in the Media menu and load the entire
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distribution from CDROM. No other types of installation media should
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be required.
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After your system is fully installed and you have rebooted from the
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hard disk, you should find the CD mounted on the directory /cdrom. A
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utility called `lndir' comes with the XFree86 distribution which you
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may also find useful: It allows you to create "link tree" directories
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to things on Read-Only media like CDROM. One example might be
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something like this:
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mkdir /usr/ports
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lndir /cdrom/ports /usr/ports
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Which would allow you to then "cd /usr/ports; make" and get all the
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sources from the CD, but yet create all the intermediate files in
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/usr/ports, which is presumably on a more writable media! :-)
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SPECIAL NOTE: Before invoking the installation, be sure that the
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CDROM is in the drive so that the "probe" can find it!
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This is also true if you wish the CDROM to be added to the default
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system configuration automatically during the install (whether or
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not you actually use it as the installation media). This will be
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fixed for 2.1, but for now this simple work-around will ensure that
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your CDROM is detected properly.
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Finally, if you would like people to be able to FTP install
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FreeBSD directly from the CDROM in your machine, you'll find
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it quite easy. After the machine is fully installed, you simply
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need to add the following line to the password file (using
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the vipw command):
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ftp:*:99:99::0:0:FTP:/cdrom:/nonexistent
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No further work is necessary. The other installers will now be able
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to chose a Media type of FTP and type in: ftp://<your machine>
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after picking "Other" in the ftp sites menu!
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2.2 Before installing from Floppy:
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If you must install from floppy disks, either due to unsupported
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hardware or just because you enjoy doing things the hard way, you must
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first prepare some floppies for the install.
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The first floppy you'll need is ``floppies/root.flp'', which is
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somewhat special in that it's not a DOS filesystem floppy at all, but
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rather an "image" floppy (it's actually a gzip'd cpio file). You can
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use the rawrite.exe program to do this under DOS, or ``dd'' to do it
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on a UNIX Workstation (see notes in section 2.1 concerning the
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``floppies/boot.flp'' image). Once this floppy is made, go on
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to make the distribution set floppies:
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You will need, at minimum, as many 1.44MB or 1.2MB floppies as it takes
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to hold all files in the bin (binary distribution) directory. THESE
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floppies *must* be formatted using MS-DOS, using the FORMAT command in
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MS-DOS or the File Manager format command in Microsoft Windows(tm).
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Don't trust Factory Preformatted floppies! Format them again yourself,
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just to make sure!
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Many problems reported by our users in the past have resulted from the
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use of improperly formatted media, so we simply take special care to
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mention it here!
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After you've DOS formatted the floppies, you'll need to copy the files
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onto them. The distribution files are split into chunks conveniently
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sized so that 5 of them will fit on a conventional 1.44MB floppy. Go
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through all your floppies, packing as many files as will fit on each
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one, until you've got all the distributions you want packed up in this
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fashion. Each distribution should go into a subdirectory on the
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floppy, e.g.: a:\bin\bin.aa, a:\bin\bin.ab, ...
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Once you come to the Media screen of the install, select
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"Floppy" and you'll be prompted for the rest.
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2.3 Before installing from a DOS partition:
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To prepare for installation from an MS-DOS partition you should
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simply copy the files from the distribution into a directory called
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"FREEBSD". For example, to do a minimal installation of FreeBSD from
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DOS using files copied from the CDROM, you might do something like
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this:
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C> MD C:\FREEBSD
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C> XCOPY /S E:\DISTS\BIN C:\FREEBSD
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C> XCOPY /S E:\FLOPPIES C:\FREEBSD
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Asssuming that `C:' was where you had free space and `E:' was where
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your CD was mounted. Note that you need the FLOPPIES directory
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because the `root.flp' image is automatically looked for there when
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you're doing a DOS installation.
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For as many `DISTS' as you wish to install from DOS (and you have free
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space for), install each one under `C:\FREEBSD' - the BIN dist is only
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the minimal requirement.
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2.4 Before installing from QIC/SCSI Tape:
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Installing from tape is probably the easiest method, short of an
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on-line install using FTP or a CDROM install. The installation program
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expects the files to be simply tar'ed onto the tape, so after getting
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all of the files for distribution you're interested in, simply tar
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them onto the tape with a command like:
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cd /freebsd/distdir
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tar cvf /dev/rwt0 (or /dev/rst0) dist1 .. dist2
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Make sure that the `floppies/' directory is one of the "dists" given
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above, since the installation will look for `floppies/root.flp' on
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the tape.
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When you go to do the installation, you should also make sure that you
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leave enough room in some temporary directory (which you'll be allowed
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to choose) to accommodate the FULL contents of the tape you've
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created. Due to the non-random access nature of tapes, this method of
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installation requires quite a bit of temporary storage! You should
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expect to require as much temporary storage as you have stuff written
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on tape.
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SPECIAL NOTE: When going to do the installation, the tape must be in
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the drive *before* booting from the boot floppy. The installation
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"probe" may otherwise fail to find it.
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2.5 Before installing over a network:
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You can do network installations over 3 types of communications links:
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Serial port: SLIP / PPP
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Parallel port: PLIP (laplink cable)
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Ethernet: A standard ethernet controller (includes some PCMCIA).
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SLIP support is rather primitive, and limited primarily to hard-wired
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links, such as a serial cable running between a laptop computer and
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another computer. The link should be hard-wired as the SLIP
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installation doesn't currently offer a dialing capability; that
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facility is provided with the PPP utility, which should be used in
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preference to SLIP whenever possible.
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If you're using a modem, then PPP is almost certainly your only
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choice. Make sure that you have your service provider's information
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handy as you'll need to know it fairly soon in the installation
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process. You will need to know, at the minimum, your service
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provider's IP address and possibly your own (though you can also leave
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it blank and allow PPP to negotiate it with your ISP). You also need
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to know how to use the various "AT commands" to dial the ISP with your
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particular modem as the PPP dialer provides only a very simple
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terminal emulator.
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If a hard-wired connection to another FreeBSD (2.0R or later) machine
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is available, you might also consider installing over a "laplink"
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parallel port cable. The data rate over the parallel port is much
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higher than what is typically possible over a serial line (up to
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50k/sec), thus resulting in a quicker installation.
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Finally, for the fastest possible network installation, an ethernet
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adaptor is always a good choice! FreeBSD supports most common PC
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ethernet cards, a table of supported cards (and their required
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settings) is provided as part of the FreeBSD Hardware Guide - see the
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Documentation menu on the boot floppy. If you are using one of the
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supported PCMCIA ethernet cards, also be sure that it's plugged in
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_before_ the laptop is powered on! FreeBSD does not, unfortunately,
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currently support "hot insertion" of PCMCIA cards.
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You will also need to know your IP address on the network, the
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"netmask" value for your address class, and the name of your machine.
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Your system administrator can tell you which values to use for your
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particular network setup. If you will be referring to other hosts by
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name rather than IP address, you'll also need a name server and
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possibly the address of a gateway (if you're using PPP, it's your
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provider's IP address) to use in talking to it. If you do not know
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the answers to all or most of these questions, then you should
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really probably talk to your system administrator _first_ before
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trying this type of installation!
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Once you have a network link of some sort working, the installation
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can continue over NFS or FTP.
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2.5.1 Preparing for NFS installation:
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NFS installation is fairly straight-forward: Simply copy the
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FreeBSD distribution files you want onto a server somewhere
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and then point the NFS media selection at it.
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If this server supports only "privileged port" access (as is
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generally the default for Sun workstations), you will need to set
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this option in the Options menu before installation can proceed.
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If you have a poor quality ethernet card which suffers from very
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slow transfer rates, you may also wish to toggle the appropriate
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Options flag.
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In order for NFS installation to work, the server must support
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"subdir mounts"; e.g., if your FreeBSD 2.0.5 distribution directory
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lives on: ziggy:/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD
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Then ziggy will have to allow the direct mounting of
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/usr/archive/stuff/FreeBSD, not just /usr or /usr/archive/stuff.
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In FreeBSD's /etc/exports file, this is controlled by the
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``-alldirs'' option. Other NFS servers may have different
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conventions. If you are getting `Permission Denied' messages
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from the server then it's likely that you don't have this
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enabled properly!
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2.5.2 Preparing for FTP Installation
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FTP installation may be done from any mirror site containing a
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reasonably up-to-date version of FreeBSD 2.0.5. A full menu of
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reasonable choices from almost anywhere in the world is provided
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by the FTP site menu.
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If you are installing from some other FTP site not listed in this
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menu, or you are having troubles getting your name server configured
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properly, you can also specify your own URL by selecting the ``Other''
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choice in that menu. A URL can also be a direct IP address, so
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the following would work in the absence of a name server:
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ftp://192.216.222.4/pub/FreeBSD/2.0.5-RELEASE
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[Substitute "ALPHA" for "RELEASE" during the ALPHA test period!]
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If you are installing through a firewall then you should probably
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select ``Passive mode'' ftp, which is the default. If you are
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talking to a server which does not support passive mode for some
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reason, see the Options menu to select Active mode transfers.
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3. Installing FreeBSD
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-- ------------------
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Once you've taken note of the appropriate preinstallation steps, you
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should be able to install FreeBSD without any further trouble.
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Should this not be true, then you may wish to go back and re-read the
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relevant preparation section (section 2.x) for the installation media
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type you're trying to use - perhaps there's a helpful hint there that
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you missed the first time? If you're having hardware trouble, or
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FreeBSD refuses to boot at all, read the Hardware Guide provided on
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the boot floppy for a list of possible solutions.
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The FreeBSD boot floppy contains all the on-line documentation you
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should need to be able to navigate through an installation and if it
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doesn't then I'd like to know what you found most confusing! It is
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the objective of the FreeBSD installation program (sysinstall) to be
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self-documenting enough that painful "step-by-step" guides are no
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longer necessary. It may take us a little while to reach that
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objective, but that's the objective!
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Meanwhile, you may also find the following "typical installation sequence"
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to be helpful:
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o Boot the boot floppy. After a boot sequence which can take
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anywhere from from 30 seconds to 3 minutes, depending on your
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hardware, you should be presented with a menu of initial
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choices. If the floppy doesn't boot at all, or the boot
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hangs at some stage, go read the Q&A section of the Hardware
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Guide for possible causes.
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o Press F1. You should see some basic usage instructions on
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the menu system and general navigation. If you haven't used this
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menu system before then PLEASE read this thoroughly!
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o If English is not your native language, you may wish to proceed
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directly to the Language option and set your preferred language.
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This will bring up some of the documentation in that language
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instead of english.
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o Select the Options item and set any special preferences you
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may have.
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o Select Proceed, bringing you to the Installation Menu.
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Installation Menu:
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o You can do anything you like in this menu without altering
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your system _except_ for "Commit", which will perform any
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requests to alter your system you may have made.
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If you're confused at any point, the F1 key usually pulls
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up the right information for the screen you're in.
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o The first step is generally `Partition', which allows
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you to chose how your drives will be used for FreeBSD.
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o Next, with the `Label' editor, you can specify how the space
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in any allocated FreeBSD partitions should be used by FreeBSD,
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or where to mount a non-FreeBSD partition (such as DOS).
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o Next, the `Distributions' menu allows you to specify which
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parts of FreeBSD you wish to load. A good choice is
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"User" for a small system or "Developer" for someone
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wanting a bit more out of FreeBSD. If none of the existing
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collections sound applicable, select Custom.
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o Next, the `Media' menu allows you to specify what kind of
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media you wish to install from. If a desired media choice is
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found and configured automatically then this menu will simply
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return, otherwise you'll be asked for additional details on
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the media device type.
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o Finally, the Commit command will actually perform all the
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actions at once (nothing has been written to your disk
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so far, nor will it until you give the final confirmation).
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All new or changed partition information will be written
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out, file systems will be created and/or non-destructively
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labelled (depending on how you set their newfs flags in the
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Label editor) and all selected distributions will be
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extracted.
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o The Configure menu choice allows you to furthur configure your
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FreeBSD installation by giving you menu-driven access to
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various system defaults. Some items, like networking, may
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be especially important if you did a CDROM/Tape/Floppy
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installation and have not yet configured your network
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interfaces (assuming you have some). Properly configuring
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your network here will allow FreeBSD to come up on the network
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when you first reboot from the hard disk.
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o Exit returns you to the top menu.
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At this point, you're generally done with the sysinstall utility and
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can select the final `Quit'. If you're running it as an installer
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(e.g., before the system is all the way up) then the system will now
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reboot. If you selected the boot manager option, you will see a small
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boot menu with an `F?' prompt. Press the function key for BSD (it
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will be shown) and you should boot up into FreeBSD off the hard disk.
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If this fails to happen for some reason, see the Q & A section
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of the Hardware Guide for possible clues!
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Jordan
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---- End of Installation Guide ---
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