387 lines
9.0 KiB
Groff
387 lines
9.0 KiB
Groff
.\" $NetBSD: nsswitch.conf.5,v 1.14 1999/03/17 20:19:47 garbled Exp $
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Copyright (c) 1997, 1998, 1999 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
|
|
.\" All rights reserved.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
|
|
.\" by Luke Mewburn.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
|
|
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
|
|
.\" are met:
|
|
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
|
|
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
|
|
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
|
|
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
|
|
.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
|
|
.\" This product includes software developed by Luke Mewburn.
|
|
.\" 4. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
|
|
.\" derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
|
|
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
|
|
.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
|
|
.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
|
|
.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
|
|
.\" BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS
|
|
.\" OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
|
|
.\" ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR
|
|
.\" TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE
|
|
.\" USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" $FreeBSD$
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Dd June 6, 2016
|
|
.Dt NSSWITCH.CONF 5
|
|
.Os
|
|
.Sh NAME
|
|
.Nm nsswitch.conf
|
|
.Nd name-service switch configuration file
|
|
.Sh DESCRIPTION
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
file specifies how the
|
|
.Xr nsdispatch 3
|
|
(name-service switch dispatcher) routines in the C library should operate.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The configuration file controls how a process looks up various databases
|
|
containing information regarding hosts, users (passwords), groups, etc.
|
|
Each database comes from a source (such as local files, DNS,
|
|
.Tn NIS ,
|
|
and cache), and the order to look up the sources is specified in
|
|
.Nm .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Each entry in
|
|
.Nm
|
|
consists of a database name, and a space separated list of sources.
|
|
Each source can have an optional trailing criterion that determines
|
|
whether the next listed source is used, or the search terminates at
|
|
the current source.
|
|
Each criterion consists of one or more status codes, and actions to
|
|
take if that status code occurs.
|
|
.Ss Sources
|
|
The following sources are implemented:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width Source -compact
|
|
.It Sy Source
|
|
.Sy Description
|
|
.It files
|
|
Local files, such as
|
|
.Pa /etc/hosts ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Pa /etc/passwd .
|
|
.It db
|
|
Local database.
|
|
.It dns
|
|
Internet Domain Name System.
|
|
.Dq hosts
|
|
and
|
|
.Sq networks
|
|
use
|
|
.Sy IN
|
|
class entries, all other databases use
|
|
.Sy HS
|
|
class (Hesiod) entries.
|
|
.It nis
|
|
NIS (formerly YP)
|
|
.It compat
|
|
support
|
|
.Sq +/-
|
|
in the
|
|
.Dq passwd
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq group
|
|
databases.
|
|
If this is present, it must be the only source for that entry.
|
|
.It cache
|
|
makes use of the
|
|
.Xr nscd 8
|
|
daemon.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Ss Databases
|
|
The following databases are used by the following C library functions:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width networks -compact
|
|
.It Sy Database
|
|
.Sy "Used by"
|
|
.It group
|
|
.Xr getgrent 3 ,
|
|
.Xr getgrent_r 3 ,
|
|
.Xr getgrgid_r 3 ,
|
|
.Xr getgrnam_r 3 ,
|
|
.Xr setgrent 3 ,
|
|
.Xr endgrent 3
|
|
.It hosts
|
|
.Xr getaddrinfo 3 ,
|
|
.Xr gethostbyaddr 3 ,
|
|
.Xr gethostbyaddr_r 3 ,
|
|
.Xr gethostbyname 3 ,
|
|
.Xr gethostbyname2 3 ,
|
|
.Xr gethostbyname_r 3 ,
|
|
.Xr getipnodebyaddr 3 ,
|
|
.Xr getipnodebyname 3
|
|
.It networks
|
|
.Xr getnetbyaddr 3 ,
|
|
.Xr getnetbyaddr_r 3 ,
|
|
.Xr getnetbyname 3 ,
|
|
.Xr getnetbyname_r 3
|
|
.It passwd
|
|
.Xr getpwent 3 ,
|
|
.Xr getpwent_r 3 ,
|
|
.Xr getpwnam_r 3 ,
|
|
.Xr getpwuid_r 3 ,
|
|
.Xr setpwent 3 ,
|
|
.Xr endpwent 3
|
|
.It shells
|
|
.Xr getusershell 3
|
|
.It services
|
|
.Xr getservent 3
|
|
.It rpc
|
|
.Xr getrpcbyname 3 ,
|
|
.Xr getrpcbynumber 3 ,
|
|
.Xr getrpcent 3
|
|
.It proto
|
|
.Xr getprotobyname 3 ,
|
|
.Xr getprotobynumber 3 ,
|
|
.Xr getprotoent 3
|
|
.It netgroup
|
|
.Xr getnetgrent 3 ,
|
|
.Xr getnetgrent_r 3 ,
|
|
.Xr setnetgrent 3 ,
|
|
.Xr endnetgrent 3 ,
|
|
.Xr innetgr 3
|
|
.El
|
|
.Ss Status codes
|
|
The following status codes are available:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width tryagain -compact
|
|
.It Sy Status
|
|
.Sy Description
|
|
.It success
|
|
The requested entry was found.
|
|
.It notfound
|
|
The entry is not present at this source.
|
|
.It tryagain
|
|
The source is busy, and may respond to retries.
|
|
.It unavail
|
|
The source is not responding, or entry is corrupt.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Ss Actions
|
|
For each of the status codes, one of two actions is possible:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width continue -compact
|
|
.It Sy Action
|
|
.Sy Description
|
|
.It continue
|
|
Try the next source
|
|
.It return
|
|
Return with the current result
|
|
.El
|
|
.Ss Format of file
|
|
A
|
|
.Tn BNF
|
|
description of the syntax of
|
|
.Nm
|
|
is:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width <criterion> -compact
|
|
.It <entry>
|
|
::=
|
|
<database> ":" [<source> [<criteria>]]*
|
|
.It <criteria>
|
|
::=
|
|
"[" <criterion>+ "]"
|
|
.It <criterion>
|
|
::=
|
|
<status> "=" <action>
|
|
.It <status>
|
|
::=
|
|
"success" | "notfound" | "unavail" | "tryagain"
|
|
.It <action>
|
|
::=
|
|
"return" | "continue"
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Each entry starts on a new line in the file.
|
|
A
|
|
.Sq #
|
|
delimits a comment to end of line.
|
|
Blank lines are ignored.
|
|
A
|
|
.Sq \e
|
|
at the end of a line escapes the newline, and causes the next line to
|
|
be a continuation of the current line.
|
|
All entries are case-insensitive.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The default criteria is to return on
|
|
.Dq success ,
|
|
and continue on anything else (i.e,
|
|
.Li "[success=return notfound=continue unavail=continue tryagain=continue]" ) .
|
|
.Ss Cache
|
|
You can enable caching for the particular database by specifying
|
|
.Dq cache
|
|
as the first source in the
|
|
.Nm
|
|
file.
|
|
You should also enable caching for this database in
|
|
.Xr nscd.conf 5 .
|
|
If for the particular query
|
|
.Dq cache
|
|
source returns success, no further sources are queried.
|
|
On the other hand, if there are no previously cached data, the
|
|
query result will be placed into the cache right after
|
|
all other sources are processed.
|
|
Note, that
|
|
.Dq cache
|
|
requires
|
|
.Xr nscd 8
|
|
daemon to be running.
|
|
.Ss Compat mode: +/- syntax
|
|
In historical multi-source implementations, the
|
|
.Sq +
|
|
and
|
|
.Sq -
|
|
characters are used to specify the importing of user password and
|
|
group information from
|
|
.Tn NIS .
|
|
Although
|
|
.Nm
|
|
provides alternative methods of accessing distributed sources such as
|
|
.Tn NIS ,
|
|
specifying a sole source of
|
|
.Dq compat
|
|
will provide the historical behaviour.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
An alternative source for the information accessed via
|
|
.Sq +/-
|
|
can be used by specifying
|
|
.Dq passwd_compat: source .
|
|
.Dq source
|
|
in this case can be
|
|
.Sq dns ,
|
|
.Sq nis ,
|
|
or
|
|
any other source except for
|
|
.Sq files
|
|
and
|
|
.Sq compat .
|
|
.Ss Notes
|
|
Historically, many of the databases had enumeration functions, often of
|
|
the form
|
|
.Fn getXXXent .
|
|
These made sense when the databases were in local files, but do not make
|
|
sense or have lesser relevance when there are possibly multiple sources,
|
|
each of an unknown size.
|
|
The interfaces are still provided for compatibility, but the source
|
|
may not be able to provide complete entries, or duplicate entries may
|
|
be retrieved if multiple sources that contain similar information are
|
|
specified.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
To ensure compatibility with previous and current implementations, the
|
|
.Dq compat
|
|
source must appear alone for a given database.
|
|
.Ss Default source lists
|
|
If, for any reason,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
does not exist, or it has missing or corrupt entries,
|
|
.Xr nsdispatch 3
|
|
will default to an entry of
|
|
.Dq files
|
|
for the requested database.
|
|
Exceptions are:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width services_compat -compact
|
|
.It Sy Database
|
|
.Sy "Default source list"
|
|
.It group
|
|
compat
|
|
.It group_compat
|
|
nis
|
|
.It hosts
|
|
files dns
|
|
.It passwd
|
|
compat
|
|
.It passwd_compat
|
|
nis
|
|
.It services
|
|
compat
|
|
.It services_compat
|
|
nis
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh FILES
|
|
.Bl -tag -width /etc/nsswitch.conf -compact
|
|
.It Pa /etc/nsswitch.conf
|
|
The file
|
|
.Nm
|
|
resides in
|
|
.Pa /etc .
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh EXAMPLES
|
|
To lookup hosts in cache, then in
|
|
.Pa /etc/hosts
|
|
and then from the DNS, and lookup user information from
|
|
.Tn NIS
|
|
then files, use:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width passwd: -compact
|
|
.It hosts:
|
|
cache files dns
|
|
.It passwd:
|
|
nis [notfound=return] files
|
|
.It group:
|
|
nis [notfound=return] files
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The criteria
|
|
.Dq [notfound=return]
|
|
sets a policy of "if the user is notfound in nis, do not try files."
|
|
This treats nis as the authoritative source of information, except
|
|
when the server is down.
|
|
.Sh NOTES
|
|
If system got compiled with
|
|
.Va WITHOUT_NIS
|
|
you have to remove
|
|
.Sq nis
|
|
entries.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Fx Ns 's
|
|
.Lb libc
|
|
provides stubs for compatibility with NSS modules
|
|
written for the
|
|
.Tn GNU
|
|
C Library
|
|
.Nm nsswitch
|
|
interface.
|
|
However, these stubs only support the use of the
|
|
.Dq Li passwd
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq Li group
|
|
databases.
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr nsdispatch 3 ,
|
|
.Xr nscd.conf 5 ,
|
|
.Xr resolv.conf 5 ,
|
|
.Xr nscd 8 ,
|
|
.Xr ypbind 8
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
file format first appeared in
|
|
.Fx 5.0 .
|
|
It was imported from the
|
|
.Nx
|
|
Project, where it appeared first in
|
|
.Nx 1.4 .
|
|
.Sh AUTHORS
|
|
.An Luke Mewburn Aq Mt lukem@netbsd.org
|
|
wrote this freely distributable name-service switch implementation,
|
|
using ideas from the
|
|
.Tn ULTRIX
|
|
.Xr svc.conf 5
|
|
and
|
|
.Tn Solaris
|
|
.Xr nsswitch.conf 4
|
|
manual pages.
|