730 lines
23 KiB
Plaintext
730 lines
23 KiB
Plaintext
This file describes various problems that have been encountered in
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compiling, installing and running groff. Suggestions for additions or
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other improvements to this file are welcome.
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
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* My document says that the current year is 19100, not 2000.
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In groff, as in traditional troff, the yr number register yields the
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year minus 1900. Unfortunately, there is a longstanding bug in the
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Troff User's Manual <http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/cstr/54.ps.gz>,
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which incorrectly claims that yr is the last two digits of the year.
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This claim was never true of either Unix troff or of groff.
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If your text looks like this:
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.\" Wrong:
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This document was formatted in 19\n(yr.
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you can correct it as follows:
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This document was formatted in \n[year].
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or, if you want to be portable to older troff versions, as follows:
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.nr y4 1900+\n(yr
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This document was formatted in \n(y4.
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
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* I get lots of `numeric overflow' error messages whenever I run
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groff; I compiled groff with AT&T C++ 2.0 with an ANSI C compiler.
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Make sure -DCFRONT_ANSI_BUG is included in DEFINES in the top-level
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Makefile. If that doesn't solve the problem, define INT_MIN as
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-INT_MAX in libgroff/lib.h.
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
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* I get errors when I try to compile groff with Sun C++ version 5.0
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or 5.1.
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This is a known problem; see Sun bug #4301919. As of this writing, no
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patch is available. Use GCC 2.95.2 or later instead.
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
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* I get errors when I try to compile groff with Sun C++ version 3 or
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earlier.
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Groff requires header files that are moderately compatible with AT&T
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C++ and ANSI C. With some versions of Sun C++, the supplied header
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files need some of the following changes to meet this requirement:
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<string.h> must declare the mem* functions, (just add `#include
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<memory.h>' to <string.h>); the first argument to fopen and freopen
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should be declared as `const char *'; the first argument to fread
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should be declared as `void *'; the first argument to fwrite should be
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declared as `const void *'; malloc should be declared to return
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`void *'; in <alloca.h>, the declaration `extern "C" { void
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*__builtin_alloca(int); }' should be added; in <sys/signal.h> the
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return type and the second argument type of signal() should be changed
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to be `void (*)(int)'.
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You can either change them in place, or copy them to some other
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directory and include that directory with a -I option.
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
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* The configure script fails on OS/390 Unix.
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There is a bug in the Language Environment (LE) whereby the test
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program for static destructors fails. You will see the message
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'configure: error: a working C++ compiler is required'
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Applying PTF UQ42006 is supposed to fix this, but the test program is
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still returning the wrong value (1). To work around this problem, you
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can comment out the following in the configure script (near line 956).
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This will effectively bypass the test (static constructors and
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destructors do actually work properly):
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#if { (eval echo configure:957: \"$ac_link\") 1>&5; (eval $ac_link) 2>&5; } && test -s conftest${ac_exeext} && (./conftest; exit) 2>/dev/null
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#then
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echo "$ac_t""yes" 1>&6
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#else
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# echo "configure: failed program was:" >&5
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# cat conftest.$ac_ext >&5
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# rm -fr conftest*
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# echo "$ac_t""no" 1>&6;{ echo "configure: error: a working C++ compiler is required" 1>&2; exit 1; }
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#fi
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
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* I get errors when I try to compile groff with DEC C++.
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Fix the declaration of write() in <unistd.h> so that the second
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argument is a const char *. Fix the declaration of open() in
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<sys/file.h> so that the first argument is a const char *.
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
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* On a host using Unix make (e.g. Solaris), if you are compiling for
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multiple architectures by building in a subdirectory, the make stops
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with a message like this:
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make: Fatal error: Don't know how to make target `assert.o'
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or like this:
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make: Fatal error: Can't find /u/src/groff/src/include/Makefile.sub': No such file or directory
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This occurs because GNU make and Unix make handle VPATH differently,
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and the groff build relies on GNU make's VPATH handling.
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Use GNU make to work around the problem. In Solaris 8, GNU make is
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on the Software Companion CD and is installed as /opt/sfw/bin/gmake.
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
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* On Ultrix, the make stops with the message
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*** Error code 1
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Stop.
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for no apparent reason.
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Use GNU make.
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
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* I'm having problems compiling groff on 386BSD 0.1.
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If you're using ash as /bin/sh, you'll need the following patch.
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*** gendef.sh.org Sun Jun 30 13:30:36 1991
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--- gendef.sh Sun Feb 28 10:23:49 1993
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***************
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*** 3,9 ****
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file=$1
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shift
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! defs="#define $1"
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shift
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for def
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do
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--- 3,10 ----
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file=$1
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shift
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! x=$1
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! defs="#define $x"
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shift
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for def
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do
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You'll also need to change dirnamemax.c so that it doesn't use
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pathconf().
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
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* While compiling on Xenix, ranlib libgroff.a fails.
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The system ranlib can't handle externals longer than 40 characters.
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Use the ranlib included in demon.co.uk:/pub/xenix/g++-1.40.3a.v1
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instead.
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
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* There are many empty `Makefile.dep' files. Is this a bug?
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No. Real dependency files are created with a `make depend' call.
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
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* Groff can't handle my troff document. It works fine with AT&T troff.
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Read the section on incompatibilities in gtroff(1). Try using the -C
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option. Alternatively there's the sed script `tmac/fixmacros.sed'
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which will attempt to edit a file of macros so that it can be used
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with groff without the -C flag.
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
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* groff -Tdvi produces dvi files that use fonts at weird
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magnifications.
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Yes, it does. You may need to compile fonts with Metafont at these
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magnifications. The CompileFonts script in the devdvi/generate
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directory may help you to do this. (It will take a *long* time on
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slow computers.)
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
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* pic output is not centered horizontally; pictures sometimes run off
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the bottom of the page.
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The macro package you are using is not supplying appropriate
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definitions of PS and PE. Give groff a -mpic option.
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
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* I'm having problems including PostScript illustrations using the
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PSPIC macro.
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A PostScript document must meet three requirements in order to be
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included with the PSPIC macro: it must comply with the Adobe Document
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Structuring Conventions; it must contain a BoundingBox line; it must
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be ``well-behaved''. The BoundingBox line should be of the form:
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%%BoundingBox: llx lly urx ury
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where llx, lly, urx, ury are the coordinates of the lower left x,
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lower left y, upper right x, upper right y of the bounding box of
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marks on the page expressed as integers in the default PostScript
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coordinate system (72 units per inch, origin at bottom left corner).
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A useful tactic is to print out the illustration by itself (you may
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need to add a `showpage' at the end), and physically measure the
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bounding box. For more detail on these requirements, read the
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specification of Encapsulated PostScript format. (This is available
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from the Adobe file server; send a message with a body of `help' to
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ps-file-server@adobe.com.)
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
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* I've configured groff for A4 paper, but gtroff still seems to think
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that the length of a page (as returned by `\n(.p') is 11 inches.
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This is intentional. The PAGE option is used only by grops. For
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compatibility with ditroff, the default page length in gtroff is
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always 11 inches. The page length can be changed with the `pl'
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request.
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
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* groff produces wrapper macros for `ms' and friends which call the
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system's original macros. Then, to get groff's ms macro package I
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have to use `-mgs' instead `-ms'. Can I avoid this?
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Yes. Configure and compile groff as usual, but install it with
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make install tmac_wrap=""
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Then no wrapper files are produced, and `-ms' will use groff's `ms'
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macros.
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
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* Groff doesn't use the font names I'm used to.
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Use the `ftr' request. See (g)troff(1).
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
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* I get errors using the Unix -ms macros with groff -e -C.
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Apply this change:
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*** /usr/lib/ms/ms.eqn Tue Apr 25 02:14:28 1989
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--- ms.eqn Sun Nov 11 10:33:59 1990
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***************
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*** 22,29 ****
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..
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. \" EN - end of a displayed equation
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.de EN
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! .if !\\*(10 .br
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.di
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.rm EZ
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.nr ZN \\n(dn
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.if \\n(ZN>0 .if \\n(YE=0 .LP
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--- 22,30 ----
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..
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. \" EN - end of a displayed equation
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.de EN
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! .if \\n(.k>0 .br
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.di
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+ .ds 10 \\*(EZ\\
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.rm EZ
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.nr ZN \\n(dn
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.if \\n(ZN>0 .if \\n(YE=0 .LP
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
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* gpic doesn't accept the syntax `chop N M' for chopping both ends of
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a line.
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The correct syntax is `chop N chop M'.
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
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* With gpic -t, when I print `line ->; box' using a dvi to ps program,
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the arrow head sticks through into the inside of the box.
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The dvi to ps program should be modified to set the line cap and line
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join parameters to 1 while printing tpic specials.
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
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* When I print the output groff -Tps, the output is always shifted up
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by about 0.7 inches; I'm using 8.5x11 inch paper.
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Make sure that PAGE is defined to be `letter' in the top-level
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Makefile.
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
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* When I try to print the output of groff -Tps, I get no output at all
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from the printer, and the log file shows the error
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%%[ error: undefined; offendingcommand: BP ]%%
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I'm using TranScript spooling software.
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This is a bug in the page reversal filter in early versions of
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TranScript. Change the `broken' parameter in
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/usr/local/lib/groff/font/devps/DESC to 7.
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
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* When I preview groff -Tps output using the Sun OpenWindows 2.0
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pageview program, all the pages are displayed on top of each other.
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This is a defect in pageview. Change the `broken' parameter in
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/usr/local/lib/groff/font/devps/DESC to 2.
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
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* With groff -TX75, -TX100 or -X, I can only view the first page.
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The left mouse button brings up a menu that allows you to view other
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pages.
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
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* When I print the output of groff -Tdvi, I just get a black dot in
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upper left corner.
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Some dvi drivers (notably early versions of xtex) do not correctly
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handle dvi files that use a resolution different from that used by dvi
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files produced by TeX. Try getting a more up to date driver.
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
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* I get lots of errors when I use groff with the AT&T -mm macros.
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Use the groff -mm macros.
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
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* gtroff doesn't understand lines like `.ce99' with no space between
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the name of the request or macro and the arguments.
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gtroff requires a space between macro or request and its arguments
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because it allows the use of long names for macros and requests. You
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can use the -C option or the `cp' request to put gtroff into a
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compatibility mode in which it is not possible to use long names for
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macros but in which no space is required between macros and their
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arguments. The use of compatibility mode is strongly discouraged.
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
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* gtroff gives warnings about lines like
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.ev \" a comment
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(with a tab after the .ev).
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A tab character cannot be used as a substitute for a space character
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(except in one case: between a control character at the beginning of a
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line and the name of a macro or request). For example, in Unix troff
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.ps \" restore the previous point size
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(with a tab after the .ps) will NOT restore the previous point-size;
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instead it will be silently ignored. Since this is very likely to be
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an error, gtroff can give a warning about it. If you want to align
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comments, you can do it like this:
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.ev\" \" a comment
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
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* I don't like the page headers and footers produced by groff -man.
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There seem to be many different styles of page header and footer
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produced by different versions of the -man macros. You will need to
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modify tmac/an-old.tmac to suit your personal taste. For example, if
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you want the center of the page header to say
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System Programmer's Manual
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you will need to change the line
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.el .ds an-extra3 \"System Programmer's Manual
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to
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.el .ds an-extra3 System Programmer's Manual
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
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* While formatting a manual page, groff complains about not being able
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to break lines. The problem seems to be caused by a line like:
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.TP \w'label'+2
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The -man documentation says that the default scale indicator for TP
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macro is `n'. The groff -man macros implement this correctly, so that
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the argument will be evaluated as if it were
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\w'label'n+2n
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The Unix -man macros don't implement this correctly (probably because
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it's hard to do in Unix troff); they just append `n' to the entire
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argument, so that it will be evaluated as if it were
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\w'label'u+2n
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The solution is to fix the manual page:
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.TP \w'label'u+2
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
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* I'm having problems formatting Ultrix man pages with groff -man.
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The Ultrix man pages use a number of non-standard extensions to the
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Unix man macros. One solution is to use the Ultrix -man macros with
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groff. Copy /usr/lib/tmac/tmac.an to
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/usr/local/share/groff/site-tmac/an.tmac and apply the following patch
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(from Frank Wortner):
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*** /usr/local/lib/groff/tmac/tmac.an Wed Sep 9 12:29:28 1992
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--- /usr/lib/tmac/tmac.an Fri Jul 24 19:58:19 1992
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***************
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*** 489,495 ****
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. \" make special case of shift out of italic
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.de }S
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.ds ]F
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! .if \\$12 .if !\\$5 .ds ]F \^
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.ie !\\$4 .}S \\$2 \\$1 "\\$3\f\\$1\\$4\\*(]F" "\\$5" "\\$6" "\\$7" "\\$8" "\\$9"
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.el \\$3
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.}f
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--- 489,495 ----
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. \" make special case of shift out of italic
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.de }S
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.ds ]F
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! .if \\$12 .if !\\$5 .ds ]F\^
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.ie !\\$4 .}S \\$2 \\$1 "\\$3\f\\$1\\$4\\*(]F" "\\$5" "\\$6" "\\$7" "\\$8" "\\$9"
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.el \\$3
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.}f
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Another possible solution is to install tmac/man.ultrix as
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/usr/local/share/groff/site-tmac/man.local.
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
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* I'm having problems formatting HP-UX 9.0 man pages with groff -man.
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Copy HP's tmac.an into /usr/local/share/groff/site-tmac/an.tmac, and
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either put `.cp 1' at the beginning or filter it (and any files it .so's)
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through tmac/fixmacros.sed.
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
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* On HP-UX, the compiler complains about missing symbol `alloca'.
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Say
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export LDFLAGS=-lPW
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before starting the configure script.
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
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* I'm having problems formatting man pages produced by the perl
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wrapman script.
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Some versions of wrapman have a superfluous blank line before the .TH
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line. This must be deleted. Then either use groff -C, or apply the
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following patch:
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*** wrapman.~2~ Sun Jan 19 12:10:24 1992
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--- wrapman Tue Aug 10 02:06:41 1993
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***************
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*** 35,41 ****
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$line1 .= <IN> if $line1 =~ /eval/;
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$line1 .= <IN> if $line1 =~ /argv/;
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$line2 = <IN>;
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! next if $line2 eq "'di';\n";
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# Pull the old switcheroo.
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--- 35,41 ----
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$line1 .= <IN> if $line1 =~ /eval/;
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$line1 .= <IN> if $line1 =~ /argv/;
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$line2 = <IN>;
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! next if $line2 eq "'di ';\n" || $line2 eq "'di';\n";
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# Pull the old switcheroo.
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***************
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*** 49,56 ****
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print OUT $line1;
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print OUT <<EOF;
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! 'di';
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! 'ig00';
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#
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# $header
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#
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--- 49,58 ----
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print OUT $line1;
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print OUT <<EOF;
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! 'di ';
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! 'ds 00 \\"';
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! 'eo ';
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! 'ig 00 ';
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#
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# $header
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#
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***************
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*** 72,85 ****
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# These next few lines are legal in both Perl and nroff.
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! $null.00; # finish .ig
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'di \\" finish diversion--previous line must be blank
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.nr nl 0-1 \\" fake up transition to first page again
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.nr % 0 \\" start at page 1
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! '; __END__ ##### From here on it's a standard manual page #####
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.TH $PROG 1 "$month $mday, 19$year"
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- .AT 3
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.SH NAME
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$prog \\- whatever
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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--- 74,87 ----
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# These next few lines are legal in both Perl and nroff.
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! $null.00 ; # finish .ig
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! 'ec \\';
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'di \\" finish diversion--previous line must be blank
|
||
.nr nl 0-1 \\" fake up transition to first page again
|
||
.nr % 0 \\" start at page 1
|
||
! .\\"'; __END__ ##### From here on it's a standard manual page #####
|
||
.TH $PROG 1 "$month $mday, 19$year"
|
||
.SH NAME
|
||
$prog \\- whatever
|
||
.SH SYNOPSIS
|
||
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
* When I preview documents using -TX75 or -TX100, the layout is not
|
||
the same as when I print the document with -Tps: the line and page
|
||
breaks come in different places.
|
||
|
||
Use groff -X -Tps.
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
* When I try to run gxditview, I get the error:
|
||
Error: Widget viewport has zero width and/or height
|
||
|
||
This error means you haven't correctly installed the application
|
||
defaults file, GXditview.ad; ``make install'' does this for you
|
||
automatically, so either you didn't do ``make install'', or you don't
|
||
have imake configured correctly.
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
* groff uses up an enormous amount of memory processing large files.
|
||
I'm using 386BSD 0.1.
|
||
|
||
386BSD includes an old version of g++, 1.39, which has a bug that
|
||
causes a major memory leak in gtroff. Apply the following fix to g++
|
||
and recompile groff:
|
||
|
||
*** cplus-decl.c.~1~ Mon Aug 6 05:28:59 1990
|
||
--- cplus-decl.c Wed Jun 5 08:55:04 1991
|
||
***************
|
||
*** 7951,7961 ****
|
||
|
||
/* At the end, call delete if that's what's requested. */
|
||
if (TREE_GETS_DELETE (current_class_type))
|
||
exprstmt = build_method_call (build1 (NOP_EXPR, TYPE_POINTER_TO (current_class_type), error_mark_node),
|
||
get_identifier (OPERATOR_DELETE_FORMAT),
|
||
! build_tree_list (NULL_TREE, integer_zero_node),
|
||
NULL_TREE, LOOKUP_NORMAL);
|
||
else if (TYPE_USES_VIRTUAL_BASECLASSES (current_class_type))
|
||
exprstmt = build_x_delete (ptr_type_node, current_class_decl, 0);
|
||
else
|
||
exprstmt = 0;
|
||
--- 7951,7961 ----
|
||
|
||
/* At the end, call delete if that's what's requested. */
|
||
if (TREE_GETS_DELETE (current_class_type))
|
||
exprstmt = build_method_call (build1 (NOP_EXPR, TYPE_POINTER_TO (current_class_type), error_mark_node),
|
||
get_identifier (OPERATOR_DELETE_FORMAT),
|
||
! build_tree_list (NULL_TREE, current_class_decl),
|
||
NULL_TREE, LOOKUP_NORMAL);
|
||
else if (TYPE_USES_VIRTUAL_BASECLASSES (current_class_type))
|
||
exprstmt = build_x_delete (ptr_type_node, current_class_decl, 0);
|
||
else
|
||
exprstmt = 0;
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
* Where can I get grap?
|
||
|
||
Ted Faber <faber@lunabase.org> has written a freely available grap:
|
||
|
||
http://www.lunabase.org/~faber/Vault/software/grap/
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
* How can I use groff with an old LaserJet printer that doesn't work
|
||
with groff -Tlj4?
|
||
|
||
You have at least 3 options:
|
||
|
||
- use groff -Tps with GNU Ghostscript;
|
||
|
||
- use groff -Tdvi with a TeX .dvi to Laserjet driver;
|
||
|
||
- use groff with the LaserJet driver in Chris Lewis' psroff package
|
||
(available for ftp from:
|
||
ftp.uunet.ca:/distrib/chris_lewis/psroff3.0pl17).
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
* Groff seems to generate level 3 Postscript, but my printer is only a
|
||
level 1 or 2 PostScript printer.
|
||
|
||
In fact groff generates only level 1 PostScript. The `%!PS-Adobe-3.0'
|
||
comment at the beginning of PostScript output generated by groff
|
||
indicates that the file conforms to version 3.0 of the Adobe Document
|
||
Structuring Conventions. The output generated by groff should be
|
||
printable on any PostScript printer. Problems with groff output's not
|
||
printing are most often caused by the spooling system.
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
* The \n(st and \n(sb registers don't seem to work. I thought \w set
|
||
them to the height and depth of its argument, but the registers
|
||
always seem to be 0.
|
||
|
||
\n(st and \n(sb aren't supposed to give the height and depth of the
|
||
string rather they give the minimum and maximum vertical displacement
|
||
of the baseline. For example for \v'2u'\v'-3u', \n(st will be 1 and
|
||
\n(sb will be -2. The height and depth of the string is available in
|
||
the \n[rst] and \n[rsb] registers: these are groff extensions.
|
||
|
||
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
* On an SGI system, how can I make the man command use groff?
|
||
|
||
From David Hinds <dhinds@allegro.stanford.edu> (some of these steps
|
||
are unnecessary if you install with the `g' Makefile variable defined
|
||
as empty):
|
||
|
||
Create a script called 'eqn':
|
||
|
||
> #!/bin/sh
|
||
> if [ ${1:-""} = /usr/pub/eqnchar ] ; then shift ; fi
|
||
> geqn $*
|
||
|
||
and a script called 'neqn':
|
||
|
||
> #!/bin/sh
|
||
> if [ ${1:-""} = /usr/pub/eqnchar ] ; then shift ; fi
|
||
> geqn -Tascii $*
|
||
|
||
and do:
|
||
|
||
> ln -s gnroff nroff
|
||
|
||
and edit the end of the gnroff script to be:
|
||
|
||
> rest=`echo ${1+"$@"} | sed -e 's+/usr/lib/tmac+/usr/local/lib/groff/tmac+'`
|
||
> exec groff -Wall -mtty-char $T $opts $rest
|
||
|
||
To get PostScript output from 'man -t', you also need to create a
|
||
'psroff' script similar to 'nroff'. Here are the context diffs:
|
||
|
||
*** /usr/local/bin/nroff Sat Feb 13 15:51:09 1993
|
||
--- /usr/local/bin/psroff Sat Feb 13 17:45:46 1993
|
||
***************
|
||
*** 1,8 ****
|
||
#!/bin/sh
|
||
! # Emulate nroff with groff.
|
||
|
||
prog="$0"
|
||
! T=-Tascii
|
||
opts=
|
||
|
||
for i
|
||
--- 1,8 ----
|
||
#!/bin/sh
|
||
! # Emulate psroff with groff.
|
||
|
||
prog="$0"
|
||
! T=-Tps
|
||
opts=
|
||
|
||
for i
|
||
***************
|
||
*** 25,30 ****
|
||
--- 25,33 ----
|
||
-Tascii|-Tlatin1)
|
||
T=$1
|
||
;;
|
||
+ -t)
|
||
+ # ignore -- default is send to stdout
|
||
+ ;;
|
||
-T*)
|
||
# ignore other devices
|
||
;;
|
||
***************
|
||
*** 49,53 ****
|
||
rest=`echo ${1+"$@"} | sed -e 's+/usr/lib/tmac+/usr/local/lib/groff/tmac+'`
|
||
|
||
# This shell script is intended for use with man, so warnings are
|
||
# probably not wanted. Also load nroff-style character definitions.
|
||
! exec groff -Wall -mtty-char $T $opts $rest
|
||
--- 52,56 ----
|
||
rest=`echo ${1+"$@"} | sed -e 's+/usr/lib/tmac+/usr/local/lib/groff/tmac+'`
|
||
|
||
# This shell script is intended for use with man, so warnings are
|
||
! # probably not wanted.
|
||
! exec groff -Wall $T $opts $rest
|