382 lines
16 KiB
Plaintext
382 lines
16 KiB
Plaintext
<!--
|
|
$FreeBSD$
|
|
|
|
This file contains the comments of the old TROUBLE.TXT file.
|
|
-->
|
|
<sect1 id="trouble">
|
|
<title>Troubleshooting</title>
|
|
|
|
<sect2 id="repairing">
|
|
<title>Repairing an Existing &os; Installation</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>&os; features a
|
|
<quote>Fixit</quote> option in the top menu of the boot floppy.
|
|
To use it, you will also need either a
|
|
<filename>fixit.flp</filename> image floppy, generated in the same
|
|
fashion as the boot floppy, or the <quote>live filesystem</quote>
|
|
CDROM; typically the second CDROM in a multi-disc &os;
|
|
distribution.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>To invoke fixit, simply boot the
|
|
<filename>kern.flp</filename> floppy, choose the
|
|
<quote>Fixit</quote> item and insert the fixit floppy or CDROM
|
|
when asked. You will then be placed into a shell with a wide
|
|
variety of commands available (in the <filename>/stand</filename>
|
|
and <filename>/mnt2/stand</filename> directories) for checking,
|
|
repairing and examining filesystems and their contents. Some
|
|
UNIX administration experience <emphasis>is</emphasis> required to
|
|
use the fixit option.</para>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
<sect2>
|
|
<title>Common Installation Problems for &arch.print; Architecture Users</title>
|
|
|
|
<qandaset arch="i386">
|
|
<qandaentry>
|
|
<question>
|
|
<para>My system hangs while probing hardware during boot, or it
|
|
behaves strangely during install, or the floppy drive isn't
|
|
probed.</para>
|
|
</question>
|
|
<answer>
|
|
<para>&os; 5.0 and above makes extensive use of the system ACPI
|
|
service on the i386 platform to aid in system configuration if it's
|
|
detected during boot. Unfortunately, some bugs still exist in both
|
|
the ACPI driver and within system motherboards and BIOS. The use
|
|
of ACPI can be disabled by setting the
|
|
<quote>hint.acpi.0.disabled</quote> hint in the third stage boot
|
|
loader:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen>set hint.acpi.0.disabled="1"</screen>
|
|
|
|
<para>This is reset each time the system is booted, so it is
|
|
necessary to add <literal>hint.acpi.0.disabled="1"</literal>
|
|
to the file
|
|
<filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>. More information about the
|
|
boot loader can be found in the FreeBSD Handbook.</para>
|
|
</answer>
|
|
</qandaentry>
|
|
<qandaentry>
|
|
<question>
|
|
<para>My legacy ISA device used to be recognized in previous versions
|
|
of &os;, but now it's not. What happened?</para>
|
|
</question>
|
|
<answer>
|
|
<para>Some device drivers, like matcd, were removed over time due to
|
|
lack of maintainership or other reasons. Others still exist but
|
|
are disabled because of their intrusive hardware probe routines.
|
|
The following ISA device drivers fall into this category and can
|
|
re-enabled from the third stage boot loader: aha, ahv, aic, bt, ed,
|
|
cs, sn, ie, fe, le, and lnc. To do this, stop the loader during
|
|
it's 10 second countdown and enter the following at the
|
|
prompt:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen>unset hint.foo.0.disabled</screen>
|
|
|
|
<para>where <replaceable>foo</replaceable> is the name of the driver
|
|
to re-enable. This can be set permanently by editing the file
|
|
<filename>/boot/device.hints</filename> and removing the appropriate
|
|
<quote>disabled</quote> entry.</para>
|
|
</answer>
|
|
</qandaentry>
|
|
<qandaentry>
|
|
<question>
|
|
<para>I go to boot from the hard disk for the first time
|
|
after installing &os;, the kernel loads and probes my
|
|
hardware, but stops with messages like:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen>changing root device to ad1s1a panic: cannot mount root</screen>
|
|
<para>What is wrong? What can I do?</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>What is this
|
|
<literal>bios_drive:interface(unit,partition)kernel_name</literal>
|
|
thing that is displayed with the boot help?</para>
|
|
</question>
|
|
<answer>
|
|
<para>There is a longstanding problem in the case where the
|
|
boot disk is not the first disk in the system. The BIOS
|
|
uses a different numbering scheme to &os;, and working
|
|
out which numbers correspond to which is difficult to get
|
|
right.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>In the case where the boot disk is not the first disk
|
|
in the system, &os; can need some help finding it. There
|
|
are two common situations here, and in both of these cases,
|
|
you need to tell &os; where the root filesystem is. You
|
|
do this by specifying the BIOS disk number, the disk type
|
|
and the &os; disk number for that type.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The first situation is where you have two IDE disks,
|
|
each configured as the master on their respective IDE
|
|
busses, and wish to boot &os; from the second disk. The
|
|
BIOS sees these as disk 0 and disk 1, while &os; sees
|
|
them as <devicename>ad0</devicename> and
|
|
<devicename>ad2</devicename>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>&os; is on BIOS disk 1, of type
|
|
<literal>ad</literal> and the &os; disk number is 2, so
|
|
you would say:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen><userinput>1:ad(2,a)kernel</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
|
<para>Note that if you have a slave on the primary bus, the
|
|
above is not necessary (and is effectively wrong).</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The second situation involves booting from a SCSI disk
|
|
when you have one or more IDE disks in the system. In this
|
|
case, the &os; disk number is lower than the BIOS disk
|
|
number. If you have two IDE disks as well as the SCSI disk,
|
|
the SCSI disk is BIOS disk 2, type <literal>da</literal> and
|
|
&os; disk number 0, so you would say:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen><userinput>2:da(0,a)kernel</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
|
<para>To tell &os; that you want to boot from BIOS disk
|
|
2, which is the first SCSI disk in the system. If you only
|
|
had one IDE disk, you would use '1:' instead.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Once you have determined the correct values to use,
|
|
you can put the command exactly as you would have typed it
|
|
in the <filename>/boot.config</filename> file using a
|
|
standard text editor. Unless instructed otherwise, &os;
|
|
will use the contents of this file as the default response
|
|
to the <literal>boot:</literal> prompt.</para>
|
|
</answer>
|
|
</qandaentry>
|
|
<qandaentry>
|
|
<question>
|
|
<para>I go to boot from the hard disk for the first time
|
|
after installing &os;, but the Boot Manager prompt just
|
|
prints <literal>F?</literal> at the boot menu each time but
|
|
the boot won't go any further.</para>
|
|
</question>
|
|
<answer>
|
|
<para>The hard disk geometry was set incorrectly in the
|
|
Partition editor when you installed &os;. Go back into
|
|
the partition editor and specify the actual geometry of your
|
|
hard disk. You must reinstall &os; again from the
|
|
beginning with the correct geometry.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>If you are failing entirely in figuring out the
|
|
correct geometry for your machine, here's a tip: Install a
|
|
small DOS partition at the beginning of the disk and install
|
|
&os; after that. The install program will see the DOS
|
|
partition and try to infer the correct geometry from it,
|
|
which usually works.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>The following tip is no longer recommended, but is left here
|
|
for reference:</para>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
<para>If you are setting up a truly dedicated &os;
|
|
server or workstation where you don't care for (future)
|
|
compatibility with DOS, Linux or another operating system,
|
|
you've also got the option to use the entire disk (`A' in
|
|
the partition editor), selecting the non-standard option
|
|
where &os; occupies the entire disk from the very first
|
|
to the very last sector. This will leave all geometry
|
|
considerations aside, but is somewhat limiting unless
|
|
you're never going to run anything other than &os; on a
|
|
disk.</para>
|
|
</blockquote>
|
|
</answer>
|
|
</qandaentry>
|
|
<qandaentry>
|
|
<question>
|
|
<para>The &man.mcd.4; driver keeps thinking that it has
|
|
found a device and this stops my Intel EtherExpress card
|
|
from working.</para>
|
|
</question>
|
|
<answer>
|
|
<para>Use the UserConfig utility (see
|
|
<filename>HARDWARE.TXT</filename>) and disable the probing
|
|
of the <devicename>mcd0</devicename> and
|
|
<devicename>mcd1</devicename> devices. Generally speaking,
|
|
you should only leave the devices that you will be using
|
|
enabled in your kernel.</para>
|
|
</answer>
|
|
</qandaentry>
|
|
<qandaentry>
|
|
<question>
|
|
<para>The system finds my &man.ed.4; network card, but I
|
|
keep getting device timeout errors.</para>
|
|
</question>
|
|
<answer>
|
|
<para>Your card is probably on a different IRQ from what is
|
|
specified in the kernel configuration. The ed driver does
|
|
not use the `soft' configuration by default (values entered
|
|
using EZSETUP in DOS), but it will use the software
|
|
configuration if you specify <literal>?</literal> in the IRQ field of your
|
|
kernel config file.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Either move the jumper on the card to a hard
|
|
configuration setting (altering the kernel settings if
|
|
necessary), or specify the IRQ as <literal>-1</literal> in UserConfig or <literal>?</literal>
|
|
in your kernel config file. This will tell the kernel to
|
|
use the soft configuration.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Another possibility is that your card is at IRQ 9,
|
|
which is shared by IRQ 2 and frequently a cause of problems
|
|
(especially when you have a VGA card using IRQ 2!). You
|
|
should not use IRQ 2 or 9 if at all possible.</para>
|
|
</answer>
|
|
</qandaentry>
|
|
<qandaentry>
|
|
<question>
|
|
<para>I booted the install floppy on my IBM ThinkPad (tm)
|
|
laptop, and the keyboard is all messed up.</para>
|
|
</question>
|
|
<answer>
|
|
<para>Older IBM laptops use a non-standard keyboard
|
|
controller, so you must tell the keyboard driver (atkbd0) to
|
|
go into a special mode which works on the ThinkPads. Change
|
|
the atkbd0 'Flags' to 0x4 in UserConfig and it should work
|
|
fine. (Look in the Input Menu for 'Keyboard'.)</para>
|
|
</answer>
|
|
</qandaentry>
|
|
<qandaentry>
|
|
<question>
|
|
<para>My system can not find my Intel EtherExpress 16 card.</para>
|
|
</question>
|
|
<answer>
|
|
<para>You must set your Intel EtherExpress 16 card to be
|
|
memory mapped at address 0xD0000, and set the amount of
|
|
mapped memory to 32K using the Intel supplied
|
|
<filename>softset.exe</filename> program.</para>
|
|
</answer>
|
|
</qandaentry>
|
|
<qandaentry>
|
|
<question>
|
|
<para>When installing on an EISA HP Netserver, my on-board
|
|
AIC-7xxx SCSI controller isn't detected.</para>
|
|
</question>
|
|
<answer>
|
|
<para>This is a known problem, and will hopefully be fixed
|
|
in the future. In order to get your system installed at
|
|
all, boot with the <option>-c</option> option into
|
|
UserConfig, but <emphasis>don't</emphasis> use the pretty
|
|
visual mode but the plain old CLI mode. Type:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen><userinput>eisa 12</userinput>
|
|
<userinput>quit</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
|
<para>at the prompt. (Instead of `quit', you might also
|
|
type `visual', and continue the rest of the configuration
|
|
session in visual mode.) While it's recommended to compile
|
|
a custom kernel, dset now also understands to save
|
|
this value.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Refer to the FAQ topic 3.16 for an explanation of the
|
|
problem, and for how to continue. Remember that you can
|
|
find the FAQ on your local system in /usr/share/doc/FAQ,
|
|
provided you have installed the `doc' distribution.</para>
|
|
</answer>
|
|
</qandaentry>
|
|
<qandaentry>
|
|
<question>
|
|
<para>I have a Panasonic AL-N1 or Rios Chandler Pentium
|
|
machine and I find that the system hangs before ever getting
|
|
into the installation now.</para>
|
|
</question>
|
|
<answer>
|
|
<para>Your machine doesn't like the new
|
|
<literal>i586_copyout</literal> and
|
|
<literal>i586_copyin</literal> code for some reason. To
|
|
disable this, boot the installation boot floppy and when it
|
|
comes to the very first menu (the choice to drop into kernel
|
|
UserConfig mode or not) choose the command-line interface
|
|
(<quote>expert mode</quote>) version and type the following
|
|
at it:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen><userinput>flags npx0 1</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
|
<para>Then proceed normally to boot. This will be saved
|
|
into your kernel, so you only need to do it once.</para>
|
|
</answer>
|
|
</qandaentry>
|
|
<qandaentry>
|
|
<question>
|
|
<para>I have this CMD640 IDE controller that is said to be
|
|
broken.</para>
|
|
</question>
|
|
<answer>
|
|
<para>&os; does not support this controller.</para>
|
|
</answer>
|
|
</qandaentry>
|
|
<qandaentry>
|
|
<question>
|
|
<para>On a Compaq Aero notebook, I get the message <quote>No
|
|
floppy devices found! Please check ...</quote> when trying to
|
|
install from floppy.</para>
|
|
</question>
|
|
<answer>
|
|
<para>With Compaq being always a little different from other
|
|
systems, they do not announce their floppy drive in the CMOS
|
|
RAM of an Aero notebook. Therefore, the floppy disk driver
|
|
assumes there is no drive configured. Go to the UserConfig
|
|
screen, and set the Flags value of the fdc0 device to 0x1.
|
|
This pretends the existence of the first floppy drive (as a
|
|
1.44 MB drive) to the driver without asking the CMOS at
|
|
all.</para>
|
|
</answer>
|
|
</qandaentry>
|
|
<qandaentry>
|
|
<question>
|
|
<para>When installing on a Dell Poweredge XE, Dell
|
|
proprietary RAID controller DSA (Dell SCSI Array) isn't
|
|
recognized.</para>
|
|
</question>
|
|
<answer>
|
|
<para>Configure the DSA to use AHA-1540 emulation using EISA
|
|
configuration utility. After that &os; detects the DSA
|
|
as an Adaptec AHA-1540 SCSI controller, with irq 11 and port
|
|
340. Under emulation mode system will use DSA RAID disks,
|
|
but you cannot use DSA-specific features such as watching
|
|
RAID health.</para>
|
|
</answer>
|
|
</qandaentry>
|
|
<qandaentry>
|
|
<question>
|
|
<para>I have an IBM EtherJet PCI card, it is detected by the
|
|
&man.fxp.4; driver correctly, but the lights on the card don't
|
|
come on and it doesn't connect to the network.</para>
|
|
</question>
|
|
<answer>
|
|
<para>We don't understand why this happens. Neither do IBM
|
|
(we asked them). The card is a standard Intel EtherExpress
|
|
Pro/100 with an IBM label on it, and these cards normally
|
|
work just fine. You may see these symptoms only in some IBM
|
|
Netfinity servers. The only solution is to install a
|
|
different Ethernet adapter.</para>
|
|
</answer>
|
|
</qandaentry>
|
|
<qandaentry>
|
|
<question>
|
|
<para>When I configure the network during installation on an
|
|
IBM Netfinity 3500, the system freezes.</para>
|
|
</question>
|
|
<answer>
|
|
<para>There is a problem with the onboard Ethernet in the
|
|
Netfinity 3500 which we have not been able to identify at
|
|
this time. It may be related to the SMP features of the
|
|
system being misconfigured. You will have to install
|
|
another Ethernet adapter and avoid attempting to configure
|
|
the onboard adapter at any time.</para>
|
|
</answer>
|
|
</qandaentry>
|
|
<qandaentry>
|
|
<question>
|
|
<para>When I install onto a drive managed by a Mylex PCI
|
|
RAID controller, the system fails to boot (eg. with a
|
|
<literal>read error</literal> message).</para>
|
|
</question>
|
|
<answer>
|
|
<para>There is a bug in the Mylex driver which results in it
|
|
ignoring the <quote>8GB</quote> geometry mode setting in the
|
|
BIOS. Use the 2GB mode instead.</para>
|
|
</answer>
|
|
</qandaentry>
|
|
</qandaset>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
</sect1>
|