241 lines
10 KiB
Plaintext
241 lines
10 KiB
Plaintext
INSTALLATION GUIDE FOR FreeBSD 2.0.5
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This manual documents the process of installing FreeBSD on your
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machine. Please also see the hardware guide for hardware-specific
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installation instructions (how to configure your hardware, what sorts
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of things to watch out for, etc).
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If you're running DOS and want FreeBSD to interoperate with it, read
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the following section first! Otherwise, you may skip to the next
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section.
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+==========================================+
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|1. DOS user's Question and Answer section |
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+==========================================+
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1.1 Help! I have no space! Do I need to delete everything first?
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If your machine is already running DOS and has little or no free space
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available for FreeBSD's installation, all is not lost! You may find
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the "FIPS" utility, provided in the tools/ subdirectory on the FreeBSD
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CDROM or on the various FreeBSD ftp sites, to be quite useful.
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FIPS allows you to split an existing DOS partition into two pieces,
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preserving the original partition and allowing you to install onto the
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second free piece. You first "defrag" your DOS partition, using the
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DOS 6.xx "DEFRAG" utility or the Norton Disk tools, then run FIPS. It
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will prompt you for the rest of the information it needs. Afterwards,
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you can reboot and install FreeBSD on the new free slice. See the
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Distributions menu for an estimation of how much free space you'll
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need for the kind of installation you want.
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1.2 Can I use compressed DOS filesystems from FreeBSD?
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No. If you are using a utility such as Stacker(tm) or DoubleSpace(tm),
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FreeBSD will only be able to use whatever portion of the filesystem
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you leave uncompressed. The rest of the filesystem will show up as
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one large file (the stacked/dblspaced file!). DO NOT REMOVE THAT
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FILE! You will probably regret it greatly!
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It is probably better to create another uncompressed DOS primary
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partition and use this for communications between DOS and FreeBSD.
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1.3 Can I mount my DOS extended partitions?
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This feature isn't in FreeBSD 2.0.5 but should be in 2.1. We've laid
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all the groundwork for making this happen, now we just need to do the
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last 1% of the work involved.
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1.4 Can I run DOS binaries under FreeBSD?
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Not yet! We'd like to add support for this someday, but are still
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lacking anyone to actually do the work..
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+==================================+
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|2. PREPARING FOR THE INSTALLATION |
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+==================================+
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2.1 Before installing from CDROM:
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If your CDROM is of an unsupported type, such as an IDE CDROM, then
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please skip to section 2.3: DOS Preparation.
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There is not a lot of preparatory work that needs to be done to
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successfully install from one of Walnut Creek's FreeBSD CDROMs (other
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CDROM distributions may work as well, but I can't say for sure as I
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have no hand or say in their creation). You can either boot into the
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CD installation directly from DOS using Walnut Creek's supplied "go"
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batch file or you can make a boot floppy by writing the supplied image
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(floppies/boot.flp) onto a floppy. Under DOS, a good utility for this
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is rawrite.exe, which may also be found in the tools/ subdirectory.
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Under UNIX, you may find that ``dd if=floppies/boot.flp of=/dev/rfd0''
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or ``dd if=floppies/boot.flp of=/dev/floppy'' works well, depending on
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your hardware.
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Once you've booted one way or the other, you should be able to select
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CDROM as the media type when asked and load the entire distribution
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from CDROM. No other media will be required.
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After your system is fully installed and you have rebooted from the
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hard disk, you should find the CD mounted on the directory /cdrom. A
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utility called `lndir' comes with the XFree86 distribution which you
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may also find useful: It allows you to create "link tree" directories
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to things on Read-Only media like CDROM. One example might be
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something like this:
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mkdir /usr/ports
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lndir /cdrom/ports /usr/ports
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Which would allow you to then "cd /usr/ports; make" and get all the
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sources from the CD, but yet create all the intermediate files in
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/usr/ports, which is presumably on a more writable media! :-)
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2.2 Before installing from Floppy:
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If you must install from floppy disks, either due to unsupported
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hardware or just because you enjoy doing things the hard way, you must
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first prepare some floppies for the install.
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The first floppy you'll need is ``floppies/root.flp'', which is
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somewhat special in that it's not a DOS filesystem floppy at all, but
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rather an "image" floppy (it's actually a gzip'd cpio file). You can
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use the rawrite.exe program to do this under DOS, or ``dd'' to do it
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on a UNIX Workstation (see notes in section 2.1 concerning the
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``floppies/boot.flp'' image). Once this floppy is made, put it aside.
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You'll be asked for it later.
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You will also need, at minimum, as many 1.44MB or 1.2MB floppies as it
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takes to hold all files in the bin (binary distribution) directory.
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THESE floppies *must* be formatted using MS-DOS, using with the FORMAT
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command in MS-DOS or the File Manager format command in Microsoft
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Windows(tm). Factory preformatted floppies will also work well,
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provided that they haven't been previously used for something else.
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Many problems reported by our users in the past have turned out to be
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from the use of improperly formatted media, so we simply take special
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care to mention it here!
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After you've DOS formatted the floppies, you'll need to copy the files
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onto them. The distribution files are split into chunks conveniently
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sized so that 5 of them will fit on a conventional 1.44MB floppy. Go
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through all your floppies, packing as many files as will fit on each
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one, until you've got all the distributions you want packed up in this
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fashion. Select ``Floppy'' from the Media menu at installation time
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and you will be prompted for everything after that.
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2.3 Before installing from a DOS partition:
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To prepare for installation from an MS-DOS partition, you should
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simply copy the files from the distribution into a directory with the
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same name as the distribution. For example, if you are preparing to
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install the bin distribution set, then make a directory on your C:
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drive named C:\FREEBSD\BIN and copy the files there. Copying the
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distributions into subdirectories of the FREEBSD directory allows the
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installation program to find the files automatically.
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2.4 Before installing from QIC/SCSI Tape:
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Installing from tape is probably the easiest method, short of an
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on-line install using FTP or installing from a CDROM. The
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installation program expects the files to be simply tar'ed onto the
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tape, so after getting all of the files for distribution you're
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interested in, simply tar them onto the tape with a command like:
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cd /freebsd/distdir
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tar cvf /dev/rwt0 (or /dev/rst0) dist1 .. dist2
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When you go to do the installation, you should make sure that you
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leave enough room in the /usr/tmp directory to accomdate the FULL
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contents of the tape you've created. Due to the non-random access
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nature of tapes, this method of installation requires quite a bit of
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temporary storage! You should expect to require as much temporary
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storage as you have stuff written on tape!
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2.5 Before installing over a network:
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You can do network installations over 3 types of communications links:
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Serial port: SLIP / PPP
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Parallel port: PLIP (laplink cable)
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Ethernet: A standard ethernet controller (includes some PCMCIA).
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SLIP support is rather primitive, and limited primarily to hard-wired
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links, such as a serial cable running between a laptop computer and
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another computer. The link should be hard-wired as the SLIP
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installation doesn't currently offer a dialing capability; that
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facility is provided with the PPP utility, which should be used in
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preference to SLIP whenever possible.
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If you're using a modem, then PPP is almost certainly your only
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choice. Make sure that you have your service provider's information
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handy as you'll need to know it fairly soon in the installation
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process. You will need to know, at the minimum, your service
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provider's IP address and possibly your own (though you can also leave
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it blank and allow PPP to negotiate it with your ISP). You also need
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to know how to use the various "AT commands" to dial the ISP with your
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particular modem as the PPP dialer provides only a very simple
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terminal emulator.
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If a hard-wired connection to another FreeBSD (2.0R or later) machine
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is available, you might also consider installing over a "laplink"
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parallel port cable. The data rate over the parallel port is much
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higher than is what's typically possible over a serial line (up to
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50k/sec), thus resulting in a quicker installation.
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Finally, for the fastest possible installation, an ethernet adaptor is
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always a good choice! FreeBSD supports most common PC ethernet cards,
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a table of supported cards (and their required settings) provided as
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part of the FreeBSD Hardware Guide - see the Documentation menu on the
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boot floppy. If you are using one of the supported PCMCIA ethernet
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cards, also be sure that it's plugged in _before_ the laptop is
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powered on! FreeBSD does not, unfortunately, currently support "hot
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insertion" of PCMCIA cards.
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You will also need to know your IP address on the network, the the
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"netmask" value for your address class and the name of your machine.
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Your system administrator can tell you which values to use for your
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particular network setup. If you will be referring to other hosts by
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name rather than IP address, you'll also need a name server and
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possibly the address of a gateway (if you're using PPP, it's your
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provider's IP address) to use in talking to it. If you do not know
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the answers to all or or most of these questions, then you should
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really probably talk to your system administrator _first_ before
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trying this type of installation!
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Once you have a network link of some sort working, the installation
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can continue over NFS or FTP.
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NFS installation is fairly straight-forward: Simply copy the FreeBSD
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distribution files you're interested onto a server somewhere and then
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point the NFS media selection at it. If this server supports only
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"privileged port" access, or you have a poor quality ethernet card
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which suffers from very slow transfer rates, you may wish to
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investigate the ``Ftp Options'' menu for special flags to set in these
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case.
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FTP installation may be done from any mirror site containing a
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reasonably up-to-date version of FreeBSD 2.0.5. A full menu of
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reasonable choices from almost anywhere in the world is provided in
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the FTP site menu.
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+============================+
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|2. INSTALLING FREEBSD 2.0.5 |
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+============================+
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Once you've done the appropriate preinstallation steps, you should install
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FreeBSD!
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/* XXX Put some more text in this section.. :-) XXX */
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