0a3326a938
Russian zones/rules in rev.1.12. ache objected mainly to the changes in the Moscow zone names in rev.1.11 and those changes have been backed out in the vendor branch. Reviewed by: ache
2467 lines
102 KiB
Plaintext
2467 lines
102 KiB
Plaintext
# @(#)europe 7.58
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# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
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# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
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# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
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# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
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# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
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# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition),
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# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995).
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#
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# Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
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# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
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# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
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# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
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# of the IATA's data after 1990.
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#
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# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
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# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
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#
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# Other sources occasionally used include:
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#
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# Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
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# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
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# which I found in the UCLA library.
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#
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# Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH),
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# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm">
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# History of Summer Time
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# </a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
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#
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# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
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# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
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# Corrections are welcome!
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# std dst
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# LMT Local Mean Time
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# -4:00 AST Atlantic
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# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland*
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# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland*
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# 0:00 GMT BST Greenwich, British Summer
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# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
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# 0:00 WET WEST Western Europe
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# 1:00 CET CEST Central Europe
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# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
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# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow
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#
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# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain,
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# is Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude,
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# Oxford University Press (1980).
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# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-04),
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# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
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# Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
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# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
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# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
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# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.
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# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for
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# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8%
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# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous
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# referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice.
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# Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.)
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# ...
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# Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT.
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# I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.
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# ...
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# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules].
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# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact
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# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the
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# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed
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# in the Directive.
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###############################################################################
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# Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire)
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# The UK and its colonies adopted the Gregorian calendar on 1752-09-14.
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# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-07-06):
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#
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# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about
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# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo
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# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph
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# of the text said:
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#
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# `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands
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# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude
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# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed
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# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They
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# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament,
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# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking
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# along the towpath within a few yards of it.'
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#
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# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's
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# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should
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# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761.
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#
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# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.]
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# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
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#
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# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time.
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# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time,
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# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country.
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# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828);
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# it was popularized in 1840 by Capt. Basil Hall, RN (1788-1844),
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# famed explorer and former Commissioner for Longitude.
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# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway
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# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most
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# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847 Sep 22 the
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# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be
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# adopted at all stations; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists most major
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# railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public
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# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the Great Clock
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# in Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands,
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# one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal
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# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading
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# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13.
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# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition
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# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880 Aug 2.
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#
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# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single
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# transition date for London, namely 1847 Sep 22. We don't know as much
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# about Dublin, so we use 1880 Aug 2, the legal transition time.
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# From Paul Eggert (1999-01-30):
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# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915),
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# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society
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# who circulated a pamphlet ``Waste of Daylight'' (1907)
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# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
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# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September.
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# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times,
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# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests.
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# One-hour Summer Time was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916.
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# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
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# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving''
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# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this
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# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the
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# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''.
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# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):
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#
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# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's
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# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.
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# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed)
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# From: Jonathan Leffler <nih-csl!uunet!mcvax!sphinx.co.uk!john>
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# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament.
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# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in
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# politics making a fortune, not computing.
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# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-06-14):
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# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the
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# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published
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# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and
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# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T."
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# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1998-04-19):
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# The following list attempts to show the complete history of Summer Time
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# legislation in the United Kingdom, and has quite a bit to say about
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# the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands as well.
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#
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# Things that I have not personally seen are marked (???). Things that
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# I haven't seen but Joseph Myers has are marked (jsm). The problem
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# with finding old Orders (rather than Acts) is that nobody seems to
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# keep the actual documents themselves, not even the Government. They
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# get bound into annual volumes, which are published, but by the time
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# this happens the Orders are mainly spent as the years they refer
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# to have come and gone, so they don't get included in the annual
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# volumes.
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#
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# Thanks are due to my learned legal friend Lorna Montgomerie, who dug out
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# the dusty old statutes, to Melanie Allison of the Ministry of Defence,
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# who provided the wartime regulations and a snippet of Hansard explaining
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# why double summer time started on a Monday in 1945 (it was Easter),
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# and to Joseph Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk>, who tracked down the Orders
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# up to 1945, some of the old Acts, and the first five EC Directives.
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#
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# Some definitions:
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#
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# Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales
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# United Kingdom: Great Britain plus Ireland (up to 1922) or Northern
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# Ireland (since 1922)
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# S.I.: Statutory Instrument, the modern name for secondary legislation
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# S.R.&O.: Statutory Rules and Orders, the older name for secondary legislation
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#
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# Unless otherwise specified, Acts and secondary legislation are assumed
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# to apply throughout the United Kingdom, but not to the Isle of Man
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# or the Channel Islands.
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#
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# Some of the Acts and Orders I found in various libraries, and I don't
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# have copies. When I looked at them I was looking for dates and not things
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# like whether they applied to the Bailiwick of Jersey. I will try to
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# check these documents again.
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#
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# ---
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#
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# - The Statutes (Definition of Time) Act, 1880 (43 & 44 Vict. c. 9)
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#
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# Defined Greenwich mean time to be the standard time in Great Britain
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# and Dublin mean time to be the standard time in Ireland, superseding
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# various forms of local mean time.
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#
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# - The Statutory Time Act, 1883 (???)
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#
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# An Act of Tynwald, the Isle of Man Parliament. It appears to have
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# defined the standard time on the Isle of Man as GMT but as I haven't
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# seen it I don't know if it used Greenwich mean time, some other definition,
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# or just said that Isle of Man time would be the same as in Great Britain.
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#
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# - The Isle of Man (War Legislation) Act, 1914 (4 & 5 Geo. 5. c. 62)
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#
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# Gives the power, by Order in Council, to extend wartime legislation
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# to the Isle of Man.
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#
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# - The Summer Time Act, 1916 (6 & 7 Geo. 5. c. 14)
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#
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# Introduced Summer Time for the first time, in Great Britain and Ireland.
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# Specified a one hour offset from GMT (DMT in Ireland), dates of
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# Sunday 21 May and Sunday 1 October and times of 02:00 (GMT/DMT).
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# Gave a power to make Orders in subsequent years, for the duration
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# of the then current war.
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#
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# - The Time (Ireland) Act, 1916 (6 & 7 Geo. 5. c. 45)
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#
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# This abolished Dublin mean time at 02:00 DMT on Sunday 1 October 1916,
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# bringing the whole of the United Kingdom onto GMT. As Ireland was behind
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# GMT/BST at 02:00 DMT on 1 Oct Great Britain had already put the clocks back.
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# Using Paul Eggert's suggestion of IST for Irish Summer Time and the figure
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# derived from Whitman for the offset of IST from GMT (00:34:39) the sequence
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# would have been:
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# Dublin London
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# 02:34:38 IST 02:59:59 BST
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# 02:34:39 IST 02:00:00 GMT
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# 02:59:59 IST 02:25:20 GMT
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# 02:25:21 GMT 02:25:21 GMT
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# with the transition 03:00:00 IST -> 02:00:00 DMT -> 02:25:21 GMT all at once.
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#
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# - S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382
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#
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# An Order made under the Isle of Man (War Legislation) Act, 1914
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# extending the Summer Time Act, 1916 to the Isle of Man. Dated
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# 23 May 1916, two days after the start of Summer Time, but it says that
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# the Act is deemed to have taken effect in the Isle of Man at the same
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# time as it took effect in the United Kingdom.
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#
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# - S.R.&O. 1917, No. 362
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#
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# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates
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# for Summer Time in 1917 of Sunday 8 April to Monday 17 September,
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# both at 02:00 GMT. Note that Summer Time ends on a Monday.
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#
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# - S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358
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#
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# An Order made under the Summer Time (Isle of Man) Act, 1916
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# (the thing created by S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382) specifying the same
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# dates of 8 April to 17 September, at 02:00 GMT for the Isle of Man.
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#
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# - S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274
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#
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# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates
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# for Summer Time in 1918 of Sunday 24 March to Monday 30 September,
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# both at 02:00 GMT.
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#
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# - S.R.&O. 1918, No. 429
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#
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# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1918 with the same dates and times.
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#
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# - The Termination of the Present War (Definition) Act, 1918
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# (8 & 9 Geo. 5. c. 59)
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#
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# This gave power to specify a legal end date for the war just ended,
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# which would affect things like the Summer Time Act, 1916, which applied
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# only in wartime. This date was to be close to the date of formal
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# ratification of the treaty or treaties of peace.
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#
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# - S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297
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#
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# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates
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# for Summer Time in 1919 of Sunday 30 March to Monday 29 September,
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# both at 02:00 GMT.
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#
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# - S.R.&O. 1919, No. 366
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#
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# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1919 with the same dates and times.
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#
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# - S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458
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#
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# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates
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# for Summer Time in 1920 of Sunday 28 March to Monday 27 September,
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# both at 02:00 GMT.
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#
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# - S.R.&O. 1920, No. 573
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#
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# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1920 with the same dates and times.
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#
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# - S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844
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#
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# An Order modifying both S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 and S.R.&O. 1920, No. 573 to
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# change the end date for Summer Time from Monday 27 September to
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# Monday 25 October (the time remaining 02:00 GMT). The 1989 Green
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# Paper (Cm 722) says this was done because of a coal strike.
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#
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# - The War Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 (10 Geo. 5. c. 5)
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#
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# This extends the power to make Orders under the Summer Time Act, 1916
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# for a period of 12 months after the termination of the war.
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# Came into force on 31 March 1920. Although the war had been over for more
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# than 12 months by then the legal end date had not yet been set.
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#
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# - S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363
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#
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# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 and the War
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# Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 giving dates for Summer Time
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# in 1921 of Sunday 3 April to Monday 3 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
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#
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# - S.R.&O. 1921, No. 364
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#
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# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1921 with the same dates and times.
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#
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# - S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264
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#
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# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 and the War
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# Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 giving dates for Summer Time
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# in 1921 of Sunday 26 March to Sunday 8 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
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# It also mentions the arrangements for defining the legal end date
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# for the late war. An Order was made on 10 August 1921, under the
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# Termination of the Present War (Definition) Act, 1918, setting
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# a date of 31 August 1921. This means the powers of the Summer Time
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# Act, 1916 would finally expire on 31 August 1922.
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#
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# - S.R.&O. 1922, No. 290 (???)
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#
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# This is probably the matching Isle of Man Order.
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#
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# - The Summer Time Act, 1922 (12 & 13 Geo. 5. c. 22)
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#
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# This specifies an offset of 1 hour and dates of the day after the third
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# Saturday in April, unless that be Easter, in which case it is the day after
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# the second Saturday, and the day after the third Saturday in September.
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# The time is 02:00 GMT. It applied in 1922 and 1923, and longer if Parliament
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# so approved. It applied to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands as well.
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# Came into Force on 20 July 1920. Note the reversion to ending on a Sunday.
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#
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# - S.R.&O. 1922, No. 1205
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#
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# An Order made under the War Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920
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# dated 13 October 1922. It revokes (among other things) the Order extending
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# the Summer Time Act, 1916 to the Isle of Man.
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#
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# - The Expiring Laws Continuance Act, 1923 (13 & 14 Geo. 5. c. 37)
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#
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# This extended the Summer Time Act, 1922 (among other things) until
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# 31 December 1924.
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#
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# - The Expiring Laws Continuance Act, 1924 (15 Geo. 5. c. 1) (jsm)
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#
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# This further extended the Summer Time Act, 1922 (among other things) until
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# 31 December 1925.
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#
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# - The Time Act (Northern Ireland), 1924 (14 & 15 Geo. 5. c. 24 (N.I.))
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#
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# This Act says that while it remains in force, any Act or Order relating
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# to the time for general purposes in Great Britain shall also apply
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# in Northern Ireland, and the Time (Ireland) Act, 1916 shall have effect
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# accordingly.
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#
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# - The Summer Time Act, 1925 (15 & 16 Geo. 5. c. 64)
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#
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# This makes the 1922 Act permanent, with a change to the end date to the
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# day after the first Saturday in October. Came into force on 7 August 1925.
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#
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# - The Emergency Powers (Defence) Act, 1939 (2 & 3 Geo. 6. c. 62) (???)
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#
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# I haven't seen this one. It presumably gave the Government powers to
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# do all manner of things during the newly started war.
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#
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# - The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939, S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379
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#
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# These were made under the Emergency Powers (Defence) Act, 1939.
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# They change the end date to be the day after the third Saturday in November.
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#
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# - S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172
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#
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# An Order in Council amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
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# It changed the start date to the day after the fourth Saturday in February
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# (ie. 25 Feb 1940).
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#
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# - S.R.&O. 1940, No. 1883
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#
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# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
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# This continues summer time throughout the year after it starts in 1940.
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#
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# - S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476
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#
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# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
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# This introduces double summer time, starting at 01:00 GMT on the day after
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# the first Saturday in May and ending at 01:00 GMT on the day after the
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# second Saturday in August, offset another hour from normal summer time,
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# which continues throughout the rest of the year.
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#
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# - S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506
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#
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# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
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# This changes the start date of Double Summer Time to the day after the first
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# Saturday in April, bringing it forward from May.
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#
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# - S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932
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#
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# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
|
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# This changed the end date of Double Summer Time to the day after the
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# third Saturday in September (ie. 17 September 1944).
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#
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# - S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312
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#
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# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
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# This changes the start and end dates of Double Summer Time to the
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# day after the first Sunday in April and the day after the second Saturday
|
|
# in July (ie. Mon 2 April to Sun 15 July).
|
|
#
|
|
# I have this quote from Hansard (the official record of the United Kingdom
|
|
# Parliament), Oral Answers, 1 March 1945, cols 1559--60, explaining the
|
|
# unusual start on a Monday:
|
|
#
|
|
# `58. Major Sir Goronwy Owen asked the Secretary of State for the Home
|
|
# Department if he is now able to state the Government's proposals
|
|
# regarding double summer time.
|
|
#
|
|
# [two other similar questions omitted]
|
|
#
|
|
# Mr. H. Morrison: The Government, in reviewing the matter, have
|
|
# considered, [...] the conclusion has been reached that the adoption of
|
|
# double summer time from the beginning of April is essential to the
|
|
# maintenance of the war effort. [...] As 1st April is Easter Sunday,
|
|
# when very early services are held in many churches, it is proposed that
|
|
# double summer time shall start not in the night preceding Easter
|
|
# Sunday, but in the night of Sunday-Monday so that it will operate from
|
|
# Monday, 2nd April.'
|
|
#
|
|
# - S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208
|
|
#
|
|
# An Order under the Emergency Powers (Defence) Acts, 1939 and 1940 revoking
|
|
# a long list of things, including the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939.
|
|
# This meant that Summer Time reverted to being set by the 1922 and 1925 Acts.
|
|
# It was made on 28 September, early enough to end Summer Time on the
|
|
# date defined by the 1925 Act: 7 October.
|
|
#
|
|
# - The Summer Time Act, 1947 (10 & 11 Geo. 6. c. 16)
|
|
#
|
|
# Came into force on 11 March 1947. Amended the Summer Time Acts, 1922 and
|
|
# 1925 to change the dates of Summer Time and to introduce Double Summer Time
|
|
# (although it doesn't give this, or any, name for this period of 2 hour
|
|
# offset from GMT). Dates are given for 1947 only and are: 02:00 GMT Sunday
|
|
# 16 March, 01:00 GMT Sunday 13 April, 01:00 GMT Sunday 10 August, and 02:00
|
|
# Sunday 2 November. It gave a power to make Orders for subsequent years,
|
|
# both to vary the dates and to continue Double Summer Time. It applied
|
|
# to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands.
|
|
#
|
|
# - Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495)
|
|
#
|
|
# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1948 of
|
|
# 14 March and 31 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
|
|
#
|
|
# Although the 1947 Act had legislated for Double Summer Time, this was
|
|
# not continued after 1947.
|
|
#
|
|
# - Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373)
|
|
#
|
|
# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1949
|
|
# of 3 April and 30 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
|
|
#
|
|
# - Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518)
|
|
#
|
|
# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1950
|
|
# of 16 April and 22 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
|
|
#
|
|
# - Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430)
|
|
#
|
|
# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1951
|
|
# of 15 April and 21 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
|
|
#
|
|
# - Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451)
|
|
#
|
|
# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1952
|
|
# of 20 April and 26 October, both at 02:00 GMT.
|
|
#
|
|
# This is the last of this run of Orders, so for 1953 things reverted
|
|
# to the 1922 and 1925 Acts.
|
|
#
|
|
# - The Interpretation Act (Northern Ireland), 1954 (1954 c. 33 (N.I.)) (???)
|
|
#
|
|
# I presume that section 39 of this Act is similar to section 9 of the
|
|
# Interpretation Act, 1978 (listed below) in specifying GMT as the
|
|
# legal time in Northern Ireland, replacing the Time (Ireland) Act, 1916.
|
|
#
|
|
# - Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71)
|
|
#
|
|
# Specified dates of 26 March and 29 October (02:00 GMT) for 1961
|
|
#
|
|
# - Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465)
|
|
#
|
|
# Specified dates of 25 March to 28 October (02:00 GMT) for 1962.
|
|
#
|
|
# - Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81)
|
|
#
|
|
# Specified dates of 31 March to 27 October (02:00 GMT) for 1963.
|
|
#
|
|
# - Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101)
|
|
#
|
|
# Specified dates of 22 March to 25 October (02:00 GMT) for 1964.
|
|
#
|
|
# - Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201)
|
|
#
|
|
# Specified dates for three years (all 02:00 GMT):
|
|
# 1965: 21 March to 24 October
|
|
# 1966: 20 March to 23 October
|
|
# 1967: 19 March to 29 October
|
|
#
|
|
# - Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148)
|
|
# - Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117)
|
|
#
|
|
# The first of these specifies dates for 1968 of 18 February for the United
|
|
# Kingdom but 7 April for the Isle of Man, both ending on 27 October,
|
|
# all at 02:00 GMT. The second Order changes the Isle of Man start date
|
|
# to 18 February to match the United Kingdom.
|
|
#
|
|
# - The British Standard Time Act 1968 (1968 c. 45)
|
|
#
|
|
# This came into force on 27 October 1968 and continued summer time throughout
|
|
# the year. It expired at 02:00 GMT on 31 October 1971, as specified in the
|
|
# Act, as Parliament did not move to make this experment permanent.
|
|
# It applied to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands.
|
|
#
|
|
# Interestingly, it says baldly `This Act shall come into force on
|
|
# 27 October 1968', without giving a time. As S1 of the Act merely
|
|
# stated that `The time for general purposes in the United Kingdom
|
|
# (to be known as British standard time) shall be one hour in
|
|
# advance of Greenwich mean time throughout the year; ...' you could
|
|
# possibly argue that the start time of BStandardT was 00:00 1968-10-27,
|
|
# especially as the Act repealed the Summer Time Acts 1916--1947 in toto,
|
|
# thereby destroying the authority of the Summer Time Order specifying
|
|
# summer time in 1968.
|
|
#
|
|
# - The Manx Time Act 1968
|
|
#
|
|
# This is an Act of Tynwald (the Isle of Man Parliament) that said that
|
|
# henceforth Manx time would be the same as the time in Great Britain.
|
|
#
|
|
# - The Summer Time Act 1972 (1972 c. 6)
|
|
#
|
|
# This specified a reversion to normal Summer Time behaviour with a start
|
|
# date of the day after the third Saturday in March, unless that is Easter,
|
|
# when it is the day after the second Saturday, and an end date of the day
|
|
# after the fourth Saturday in October. Times are at 02:00 GMT, offset is
|
|
# 1 hour. It gives the power to make Orders to vary these dates and
|
|
# times. This Act is still in force and is the legal authority for
|
|
# implementing the EC Directives in the United Kingdom.
|
|
#
|
|
# - The Interpretation Act 1978 (1978 c. 30)
|
|
#
|
|
# Section 9 of this Act replaces section 1 of the Statutes (Definition of
|
|
# Time) Act, 1880 with very similar wording maintaining GMT as the legal
|
|
# time in Great Britain. This does not apply in Northern Ireland (it
|
|
# has its own Interpretation Act listed above).
|
|
#
|
|
# - Council Directive of 22 July 1980 on summertime arrangements (80/737/EEC)
|
|
#
|
|
# The first of the European Directives on Summer Time. It specified start
|
|
# dates for 1981 and 1982. No agreement had been reached on end dates.
|
|
# Only dates were given, there was no rule like `last Sunday in March'.
|
|
# The main change for the United Kingdom was a move to a 01:00 GMT change
|
|
# time. The dates:
|
|
# 1981: 29 March
|
|
# 1982: 28 March
|
|
#
|
|
# - Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089)
|
|
#
|
|
# Specified dates for 1981 and 1982, with the start dates as in the
|
|
# EC Directive and all times 01:00 GMT:
|
|
# 1981: 29 March to 25 October
|
|
# 1982: 28 March to 24 October
|
|
#
|
|
# - Second Council Directive of 10 June 1982 on summertime arrangements
|
|
# (82/399/EEC)
|
|
#
|
|
# The next European Directive. Specified dates for three years, 1983 to 1985.
|
|
# Agreement still hadn't been reached on a common end date, and wouldn't
|
|
# be until 1994 with the appeareance of the seventh Directive with a common
|
|
# date for 1996 and beyond, but this time the Directive gave two sets of
|
|
# end dates. The start date was specified by rule: the last Sunday in March.
|
|
# All times were 01:00 GMT. The end dates were given without rule, as:
|
|
# 1983: 25 September or 23 October
|
|
# 1984: 30 September or 28 october
|
|
# 1985: 29 September or 27 October
|
|
#
|
|
# - Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673)
|
|
#
|
|
# Implemented the second EC Directive, using the October end dates.
|
|
# 1983: 27 March to 23 October
|
|
# 1984: 25 March to 28 october
|
|
# 1985: 31 March to 27 October
|
|
#
|
|
# - Third Council Directive of 12 December 1984 on summertime arrangements
|
|
# (84/634/EEC)
|
|
#
|
|
# Specified start dates of the last Sunday in March and two sets of end
|
|
# dates, last Sunday in September and fourth Sunday in October, all at
|
|
# 01:00 GMT. The end dates were also specified as dates:
|
|
# 1986: 28 September or 26 October
|
|
# 1987: 27 September or 25 October
|
|
# 1988: 25 September or 23 October
|
|
#
|
|
# - Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223)
|
|
#
|
|
# Implemented the third EC Directive, using the October end dates.
|
|
# 1986: 30 March to 26 October
|
|
# 1987: 29 March to 25 October
|
|
# 1988: 27 March to 23 October
|
|
#
|
|
# - Council Directive of 20 December 1985 amending Directive 84/634/EEC
|
|
# on summertime arrangements (85/582/EEC)
|
|
#
|
|
# This was to do with the accession of Spain and Portugal to the EEC.
|
|
# The previous directve had used wording like `Member States belonging
|
|
# to the zero (Greenwich) time zone' when refering to the different
|
|
# sets of end dates. Portugal was in that time zone but was not going
|
|
# to follow the United Kingdom and Ireland dates, so the text was reworded
|
|
# without any change to the dates themselves.
|
|
#
|
|
# - Fourth Council Directive of 22 December 1987 on summertime arrangements
|
|
# (88/14/EEC)
|
|
#
|
|
# This Directive covered only a single year: 1989. My guess is that
|
|
# this was because 1989 was one of the years when the historic United Kingdom
|
|
# end date of the Sunday after the fourth Saturday in October differed from
|
|
# the rule in the previous Directive of the fourth Sunday in October.
|
|
# All times are 01:00 GMT. No rule was specified, specific dates were given:
|
|
# 1989: 26 March to 24 September or 29 October
|
|
#
|
|
# - Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931)
|
|
#
|
|
# Implemented the dates of 26 March to 29 October for 1989.
|
|
#
|
|
# - Fifth Council Directive of 21 December 1988 on summertime arrangements
|
|
# (89/47/EEC)
|
|
#
|
|
# Covered the three years 1990 to 1992. All times are 01:00 GMT. Gave both
|
|
# rules (last Sunday in March, last Sunday in September or fourth Sunday
|
|
# in October) and specific dates:
|
|
# 1990: 25 March to 30 September or 28 October
|
|
# 1991: 31 March to 29 September or 27 October
|
|
# 1992: 29 March to 27 September or 25 October
|
|
#
|
|
# - Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985)
|
|
#
|
|
# Implemented the fifth Directive using the October end dates.
|
|
#
|
|
# - Sixth Council Directive 92/20/EEC of 26 March 1992 on summertime
|
|
# arrangements
|
|
#
|
|
# Covered the two years 1993 and 1994. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specified
|
|
# both rules (same as the fifth Directive) and specific dates:
|
|
# 1993: 28 March to 26 September or 24 October
|
|
# 1994: 27 March to 25 September or 23 October
|
|
#
|
|
# - Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)
|
|
#
|
|
# Implemented the sixth Directive using the October end dates.
|
|
#
|
|
# - Seventh Directive 94/21/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
|
|
# of 30 May 1994 on summer-time arrangements
|
|
#
|
|
# Covered the three years 1995 to 1997. Agreement had finally been reached
|
|
# on a common end date, to start in 1996. Both rules and dates were given.
|
|
# The rules were the same last Sunday in March to last Sunday in September
|
|
# or fourth Sunday in October for 1995, with the end rule changing to the
|
|
# last Sunday in October for 1996 and 1997. The year 1995 was another of
|
|
# the tricky ones where the EC and traditional United Kingdom rules differed
|
|
# but this time the UK changed on the fourth Sunday, 22 October, earlier
|
|
# than usual. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specific dates were also given:
|
|
# 1995: 26 March to 24 September or 22 October
|
|
# 1996: 31 March to 27 October
|
|
# 1997: 30 March to 26 October
|
|
#
|
|
# - Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
|
|
#
|
|
# Implements the seventh Directive using the October end date in 1995.
|
|
# Applies also to the Bailiwick of Guernsey but not to the Bailiwick of
|
|
# Jersey or the Isle of Man, which have their own (unspecified) legislation
|
|
# on the subject.
|
|
#
|
|
# - Eighth Directive 97/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
|
|
# of 22 July 1997 on summer-time arrangements
|
|
#
|
|
# Covers four years: 1998 to 2001. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specifies both
|
|
# rules, last Sunday in March and last Sunday in October, and specific dates:
|
|
# 1998: 29 March to 25 October
|
|
# 1999: 28 March to 31 October
|
|
# 2000: 26 March to 29 October
|
|
# 2001: 25 March to 28 October
|
|
#
|
|
# <a href="http://www.hmso.gov.uk/si/si1997/97298201.htm">
|
|
# - Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
|
|
# </a>
|
|
#
|
|
# Implements the eighth Directive. Has the same text about the Isle of Man,
|
|
# Guernsey and Jersey as the 1994 Order.
|
|
|
|
# From Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@hermes.cam.ac.uk> (1998-01-06):
|
|
#
|
|
# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC;
|
|
# see Lord Tanlaw's speech
|
|
# <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0">
|
|
# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976)
|
|
# </a>.
|
|
|
|
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-06-12):
|
|
#
|
|
# The date `20 April 1924' in the table of ``Summer Time: A
|
|
# Consultation Document'' (Cm 722, 1989) table is a transcription error;
|
|
# 20 April was an Easter Sunday. Shanks has 13 April, the correct date.
|
|
# Also, the table is not quite right for 1925 through 1938; the correct rules
|
|
# (which Shanks uses) are given in the Summer Time Acts of 1922 and 1925.
|
|
# Shanks and the UK Government paper disagree about the Apr 1956 transition;
|
|
# since we have no other data, and since Shanks was correct in the other
|
|
# points of disagreement about London, we'll believe Shanks for now.
|
|
# Also, for lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948.
|
|
#
|
|
# Given Peter Ilieve's comments, the following claims by Shanks are incorrect:
|
|
# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until
|
|
# 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain.
|
|
# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880.
|
|
# * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1.
|
|
# It actually just had one transition.
|
|
# * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II.
|
|
# Actually, it conformed to Britain.
|
|
# * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18.
|
|
# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time.
|
|
# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change).
|
|
#
|
|
# The following claims by Shanks are possible though doubtful;
|
|
# we'll ignore them for now.
|
|
# * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT
|
|
# to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to
|
|
# conform with Great Britain.
|
|
# * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00.
|
|
#
|
|
#
|
|
# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than Shanks.
|
|
|
|
# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02):
|
|
# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94,
|
|
# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC.
|
|
# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate
|
|
# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of
|
|
# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is
|
|
# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST".
|
|
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
# Summer Time Act, 1916
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT
|
|
# S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT
|
|
# S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT
|
|
# S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT
|
|
# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT
|
|
# S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT
|
|
# S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
# The Summer Time Act, 1922
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
# The Summer Time Act, 1925
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
# S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
|
|
# S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
# S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
# S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
|
|
# S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
# The Summer Time Act, 1947
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT
|
|
# Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495)
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT
|
|
# Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373)
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT
|
|
# Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518)
|
|
# Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430)
|
|
# Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451)
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT
|
|
# revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
# Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71)
|
|
# Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465)
|
|
# Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81)
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
|
|
# Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101)
|
|
# Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201)
|
|
# Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148)
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
# Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117)
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
# The British Standard Time Act, 1968
|
|
# (no summer time)
|
|
# The Summer Time Act, 1972
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
|
|
# Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089)
|
|
# Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673)
|
|
# Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223)
|
|
# Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931)
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT
|
|
# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985)
|
|
# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)
|
|
# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
|
|
Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT
|
|
# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
|
|
# See EU for rules starting in 1996.
|
|
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Sep 22
|
|
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
|
|
1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
|
|
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
|
|
0:00 EU GMT/BST
|
|
Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
|
|
-0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT
|
|
-0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s # Irish Summer Time
|
|
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
|
|
1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
|
|
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
|
|
0:00 EU GMT/BST
|
|
Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:21 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
|
|
-0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT
|
|
-0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s
|
|
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence
|
|
0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00
|
|
0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00
|
|
0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00
|
|
0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00
|
|
0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00
|
|
0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27
|
|
1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
|
|
0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996
|
|
0:00 EU GMT/IST
|
|
|
|
###############################################################################
|
|
|
|
# Continental Europe
|
|
|
|
# EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC,
|
|
# Common Market, etc.
|
|
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S
|
|
Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
|
|
Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 -
|
|
Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
|
|
Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
|
|
Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
|
|
|
|
# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
|
|
Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
|
|
|
|
# Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables.
|
|
# From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time.
|
|
Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
|
|
Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
|
|
|
|
# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time.
|
|
Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
|
|
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time
|
|
Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time
|
|
Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time
|
|
Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 MST
|
|
Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST
|
|
Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
# Shanks gives 1921 Mar 21 for the following transition.
|
|
# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su> (1993-11-12):
|
|
# My sources says, that it is Mar 20, not 21.
|
|
Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
|
|
Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
|
# Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24):
|
|
Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
|
# Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in
|
|
# Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14):
|
|
Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
#
|
|
Rule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Russia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Russia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
|
|
|
|
# These are for backward compatibility with older versions.
|
|
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT
|
|
Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
|
|
Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT
|
|
Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST
|
|
# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage.
|
|
|
|
# From Markus Kuhn <mskuhn@unrza3.dialin.rrze.uni-erlangen.de> (1996-07-12):
|
|
# The official German names ... are
|
|
#
|
|
# Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00
|
|
# Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00
|
|
#
|
|
# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG),
|
|
# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111)....
|
|
# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution
|
|
#
|
|
# Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
|
|
# Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit"
|
|
# Postfach 3345
|
|
# D-38023 Braunschweig
|
|
# phone: +49 531 592-0
|
|
#
|
|
# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB
|
|
# department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the
|
|
# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as
|
|
#
|
|
# Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00
|
|
# Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Albania
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914
|
|
1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16
|
|
# The following transition is from Shanks's 4th edition (1995).
|
|
1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Andorra
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901
|
|
0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30
|
|
1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Austria
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Austria 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Austria 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Jun 16 3:00
|
|
1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
|
|
1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Belarus
|
|
# Transitions before 1991 are from Shanks (1995).
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
|
|
1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time
|
|
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
|
|
3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3
|
|
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
|
|
2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
|
|
2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 2:00s
|
|
2:00 Russia EE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Belgium
|
|
#
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02):
|
|
# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from:
|
|
# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique,
|
|
# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991
|
|
# (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC),
|
|
# pp 8-9.
|
|
# LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium:
|
|
# Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121.
|
|
# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie <pascal@belnet.be> for these references.
|
|
# The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium.
|
|
# Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect.
|
|
#
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd
|
|
# Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier),
|
|
# to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15
|
|
# changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT.
|
|
Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880
|
|
0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT
|
|
0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8
|
|
1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u
|
|
0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3
|
|
1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
|
# see Yugoslavia
|
|
|
|
# Bulgaria
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat<=7 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 -
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880
|
|
1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
|
|
2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 3:00
|
|
2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00
|
|
2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00
|
|
2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
|
|
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Croatia
|
|
# see Yugosloavia
|
|
|
|
# Czech Republic
|
|
# Gregorian calendar adopted 1584-01-17.
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850
|
|
0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s
|
|
1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Denmark, Faeroe Islands, and Greenland
|
|
# Gregorian calendar adopted 1700-03-01.
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 -
|
|
# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 to 1949 Oct 1, and disagrees in minor ways
|
|
# about many of the above dates; go with Shanks.
|
|
#
|
|
# For 1894, Shanks says Jan, Whitman Apr; go with Whitman.
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890
|
|
0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Apr # Copenhagen Mean Time
|
|
1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
|
|
1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
Zone Atlantic/Faeroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn
|
|
0:00 - WET 1981
|
|
0:00 EU WE%sT
|
|
#
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
|
|
# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01,
|
|
# and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU
|
|
# rules at least through 1984. Shanks says Scoresbysund and Godthab
|
|
# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU
|
|
# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980.
|
|
|
|
#
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Thule 1993 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
|
|
Rule Thule 1993 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
|
|
#
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormit
|
|
-2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
|
|
-2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29
|
|
-1:00 EU EG%sT
|
|
Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
|
|
-3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
|
|
-3:00 EU WG%sT
|
|
Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik
|
|
-4:00 Thule A%sT
|
|
|
|
# Estonia
|
|
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-10-15):
|
|
# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
|
|
# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,
|
|
# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989....
|
|
#
|
|
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1996-10-28):
|
|
# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s,
|
|
# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:]
|
|
# ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
|
|
# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules
|
|
# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia....
|
|
# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
|
|
# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to
|
|
# summer time next spring.''
|
|
|
|
# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
|
|
# <a href="http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390">
|
|
# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law
|
|
# </a>
|
|
# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between
|
|
# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120).
|
|
#
|
|
# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation
|
|
# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg"
|
|
# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time).
|
|
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880
|
|
1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul
|
|
1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May
|
|
2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6
|
|
3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22
|
|
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
|
|
2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s
|
|
2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22
|
|
2:00 EU EE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Finland
|
|
# See Sweden for when the Gregorian calendar was adopted.
|
|
#
|
|
# From Hannu Strang <chs@apu.fi> (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC):
|
|
# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
|
|
# and it's supposed to change at 4am...
|
|
#
|
|
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (25 Sep 1994):
|
|
# Shanks says Finland has switched at 02:00 standard time since 1981.
|
|
# Go with Strang instead.
|
|
#
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31
|
|
1:39:52 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time
|
|
2:00 Finland EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00
|
|
2:00 EU EE%sT
|
|
|
|
# France
|
|
# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-12-20.
|
|
# French Revolutionary calendar used 1793-11-24 through 1805-12-31,
|
|
# and (in Paris only) 1871-05-06 through 1871-05-23.
|
|
#
|
|
# Shanks seems to use `24:00' ambiguously; we resolve it with Whitman.
|
|
# From Shanks (1991):
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st
|
|
# Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions
|
|
# were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
|
|
# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris,
|
|
# but were used in other places (e.g. Monaco).
|
|
Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
|
|
# Shanks says this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00,
|
|
# but go with Denis.Excoffier@ens.fr (1997-12-12),
|
|
# who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes
|
|
# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT.
|
|
Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M
|
|
Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M
|
|
Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M
|
|
Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M
|
|
Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
|
|
# Shanks gives Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00;
|
|
# go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT.
|
|
Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 -
|
|
# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman gives 0:09:05,
|
|
# but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21.
|
|
# Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based
|
|
# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC.
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
|
|
0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
|
|
# Shanks gives 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier's 14/6/40 22hUT.
|
|
0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25
|
|
0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
|
|
1:00 France CE%sT 1977
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Germany
|
|
|
|
# From Markus Kuhn <Markus.Kuhn@cl.cam.ac.uk> (1998-09-29):
|
|
# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische
|
|
# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
|
|
#
|
|
# <a href="http://www.ptb.de/english/org/4/43/432/lega.htm">
|
|
# Realisation of Legal Time in Germany
|
|
# </a>
|
|
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Germany 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Shanks says 05-24 2:00 to 09-24 3:00 for DDST; go with the PTB, who quotes
|
|
# the Archiv fuer publizist. Arbeit (Munzinger-Archiv) 652 (Zeitsystem)
|
|
# (1961-11-25), which gives dates only. Guess 3:00 transition times.
|
|
Rule Germany 1945 only - May 31 3:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
|
|
Rule Germany 1945 only - Sep 23 3:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Germany 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Shanks gives 1946-10-06; go with the PTB.
|
|
Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# The PTB gives 3:00 CET and 3:00 CEST for the midsummer transition times;
|
|
# go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M
|
|
Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
|
|
1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Gibraltar
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
|
|
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00
|
|
1:00 - CET 1982
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Greece
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
|
|
# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
|
|
# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14
|
|
1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT
|
|
2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30
|
|
1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4
|
|
2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981
|
|
# Shanks says they switched to C-Eur in 1981;
|
|
# go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1.
|
|
2:00 EU EE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Hungary
|
|
# Gregorian calendar adopted 1587-11-01.
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 3:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 3 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918
|
|
1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 6 2:00
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 1 23:00
|
|
1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Iceland
|
|
#
|
|
# From Adam David <adam@veda.is> (1993-11-06):
|
|
# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT.
|
|
#
|
|
# (1993-12-05):
|
|
# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of
|
|
# Iceland Almanak.
|
|
#
|
|
# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour
|
|
# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts
|
|
# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which
|
|
# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT.
|
|
#
|
|
# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks
|
|
# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the
|
|
# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always
|
|
# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars.
|
|
#
|
|
# (1993-12-10):
|
|
# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the
|
|
# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus
|
|
# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question.
|
|
# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day
|
|
# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday.
|
|
# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style"
|
|
# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it
|
|
# might mean something else (???).
|
|
#
|
|
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-12-09):
|
|
# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks and Whitman disagree on many points.
|
|
# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks, namely that
|
|
# Reykavik was -1:28 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that.
|
|
#
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 -
|
|
# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter
|
|
Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
|
|
# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
|
|
Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week
|
|
Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 -
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837
|
|
-1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time?
|
|
-1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
|
|
0:00 - GMT
|
|
|
|
# Italy
|
|
# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15.
|
|
#
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (1996-05-06):
|
|
# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks, Whitman, and F. Pollastri
|
|
# <a href="http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/ienitlt.html">
|
|
# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (1996-03-14)
|
|
# </a>
|
|
# (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
|
|
# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
|
|
#
|
|
# year FP Shanks (S) Whitman (W) Go with:
|
|
# 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W
|
|
# 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
|
|
# 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S
|
|
# 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W
|
|
# 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S
|
|
# 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W
|
|
# 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S
|
|
# 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
|
|
# 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S
|
|
# 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
|
|
# 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur)
|
|
# 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s
|
|
# 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s
|
|
# 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S
|
|
# 09-20 09-27 00:00 S
|
|
#
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22
|
|
0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov # Rome Mean Time
|
|
1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul
|
|
1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican
|
|
Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
|
|
|
|
# Latvia
|
|
|
|
# From Liene Kanepe <Liene_Kanepe@lm.gov.lv> (1998-09-17):
|
|
|
|
# I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy
|
|
# of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the
|
|
# correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about
|
|
# changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981....
|
|
#
|
|
# Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ...
|
|
# according to the Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24
|
|
# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
|
|
# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00)
|
|
# and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00).
|
|
#
|
|
# Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ...
|
|
# according to the Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13
|
|
# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
|
|
# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
|
|
# (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of
|
|
# September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day).
|
|
#
|
|
# Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ...
|
|
# according to the Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14
|
|
# ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR,
|
|
# Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the
|
|
# time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia
|
|
# transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
|
|
# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of
|
|
# daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00
|
|
# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is
|
|
# 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock....
|
|
#
|
|
# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of
|
|
# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of
|
|
# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union.
|
|
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880
|
|
1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time
|
|
1:36:24 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer
|
|
1:36:24 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00
|
|
1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00
|
|
1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11
|
|
2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5
|
|
3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13
|
|
# Shanks says 1944-08-08, but
|
|
# Riga fell to the Red Army on 1944-10-13.
|
|
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s
|
|
2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s
|
|
2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21
|
|
2:00 EU EE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Liechtenstein
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun
|
|
1:00 - CET 1981
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Lithuania
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880
|
|
1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time
|
|
1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
|
|
1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12
|
|
2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9
|
|
1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3
|
|
3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug
|
|
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
|
|
2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998
|
|
2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
|
|
# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
|
|
# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.
|
|
|
|
# From Marius Gedminas <mgedmin@pub.osf.lt> (1998-08-07):
|
|
# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone
|
|
# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed.
|
|
|
|
# Luxembourg
|
|
# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks.
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun
|
|
1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25
|
|
0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
|
|
0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00
|
|
1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00
|
|
1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Macedonia
|
|
# see Yugoslavia
|
|
|
|
# Malta
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 # Valletta
|
|
1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
|
|
1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31
|
|
1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Moldova
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1924 May 2
|
|
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
|
|
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
|
|
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Monaco
|
|
# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
|
|
0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
|
|
0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
|
|
1:00 France CE%sT 1977
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Netherlands
|
|
# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
|
|
# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
# Shanks gives 1916 May 1 0:00 and 1916 Oct 1 0:00; go with Whitman.
|
|
Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
|
|
Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
|
|
Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
|
|
Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT
|
|
# Whitman gives 1918 Apr 14, 1918 Oct 31, and 1921 Sep 28; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
|
|
Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep Mon>=24 2:00s 0 AMT
|
|
Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 NST
|
|
# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT
|
|
Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun 1 2:00s 1:00 NST
|
|
Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 NST
|
|
# Whitman gives 1925 Apr 5; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun 5 2:00s 1:00 NST
|
|
# For 1926 through 1930 Whitman gives Apr 15; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
|
|
Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
|
|
Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
|
|
Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
|
|
Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
|
|
# Whitman gives 1939 Apr 15 and 1940 Apr 19; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Neth 1945 only - May 20 2:00s 0 -
|
|
# Before 1937, Shanks says just `0:20'; we use Whitman's more precise figure.
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:28 - LMT 1892 May
|
|
0:19:28 Neth %s 1937 Jul
|
|
0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:40
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
|
|
1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Norway
|
|
# Gregorian calendar adopted 1700-03-01.
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
# Whitman gives 1916 May 21 - 1916 Oct 21; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
|
|
# Whitman says DST observed 1935-08-11/1942-11-01, then 1943-03-29/10-04,
|
|
# 1944-04-03/10-02, and 1945-04-01/10-01; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895
|
|
1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
|
|
1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Svalbard & Jan Mayen
|
|
Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen
|
|
# From Whitman:
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - EGT
|
|
|
|
# Poland
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
|
|
# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Poland 1946 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Poland 1947 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 - 1949 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May Sun>=25 1:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880
|
|
1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00
|
|
2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun
|
|
1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
|
|
1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 Apr 3 1:00
|
|
1:00 W-Eur CE%sT
|
|
# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) gives EU rules, but the _The Warsaw Voice_
|
|
# <a href="http://www.contact.waw.pl/voice/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml">
|
|
# http://www.contact.waw.pl/voice/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml (1995-09-24)
|
|
# </a>
|
|
# says the autumn 1995 switch was at 02:00.
|
|
# Stick with W-Eur for now.
|
|
|
|
# Portugal
|
|
# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15.
|
|
#
|
|
# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@inescca.inescc.pt> (1992-11-12):
|
|
# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
|
|
# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
|
|
#
|
|
# Martin Bruckmann <martin@ua.pt> (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
|
|
# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
|
|
# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
|
|
#
|
|
# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12):
|
|
# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions
|
|
# at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos.
|
|
# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00.
|
|
# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00.
|
|
# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal
|
|
# harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter.
|
|
#
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
# DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not
|
|
# done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules.
|
|
# Go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Shanks gives 1934 Apr 4; go with Whitman.
|
|
Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
|
|
# Shanks gives 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman.
|
|
Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Shanks gives 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman.
|
|
Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer
|
|
Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M
|
|
Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M
|
|
Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
|
# Shanks says DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman.
|
|
# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884
|
|
-0:36:32 - LMT 1911 May 24 # Lisbon Mean Time
|
|
0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00
|
|
1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00
|
|
0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
|
|
0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u
|
|
0:00 EU WE%sT
|
|
Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada
|
|
-1:55 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time
|
|
-2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time
|
|
-1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
|
|
-1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
|
|
0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u
|
|
-1:00 EU AZO%sT
|
|
Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal
|
|
-1:08 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time
|
|
-1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time
|
|
0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
|
|
0:00 EU WE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Romania
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct
|
|
1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
|
|
2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s
|
|
2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
|
|
2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994
|
|
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Russia
|
|
|
|
# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-12-02):
|
|
# On 1929-10-01 the Soviet Union instituted an ``Eternal Calendar''
|
|
# with 30-day months plus 5 holidays, with a 5-day week.
|
|
# On 1931-12-01 it changed to a 6-day week; in 1934 it reverted to the
|
|
# Gregorian calendar while retaining the 6-day week; on 1940-06-27 it
|
|
# reverted to the 7-day week. With the 6-day week the usual days
|
|
# off were the 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th and 30th of the month.
|
|
# (Source: Evitiar Zerubavel, _The Seven Day Circle_)
|
|
#
|
|
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
|
|
# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations,
|
|
# and (unless otherwise specified) guessed what happened after 1991.
|
|
# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
|
|
# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks and the IATA.
|
|
#
|
|
# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@nagual.ru> (1996-10-04):
|
|
# `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
|
|
# Unix-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
|
|
# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor
|
|
# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there.
|
|
#
|
|
# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-10-30):
|
|
# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from
|
|
# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ...
|
|
# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located.
|
|
#
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
|
|
2:00 Poland CET 1946
|
|
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
|
|
2:00 - EET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
|
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1994
|
|
# IATA SSIM (1994-02) says Kaliningrad is at UTC+2; guess 1994 change.
|
|
2:00 Russia EE%sT
|
|
Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880
|
|
2:30:20 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
|
|
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct
|
|
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
|
|
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
|
|
2:00 - EET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
|
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD
|
|
Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1924 May 2
|
|
3:00 - KUYT 1957 Mar # Kuybyshev Time
|
|
4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
3:00 1:00 KUYST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
|
|
3:00 - SAMT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s # Samara Time
|
|
4:00 Russia SAM%sT
|
|
Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:34 - LMT 1924 May 2
|
|
4:00 - SVET 1957 Mar # Sverdlovsk Time
|
|
5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
4:00 1:00 SVEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
|
|
4:00 - SVET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
|
5:00 Russia YEK%sT # Yekaterinburg Time
|
|
Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1924 May 2
|
|
5:00 - OMST 1957 Mar # Omsk Time
|
|
6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
5:00 1:00 OMSST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
|
|
5:00 - OMST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
|
6:00 Russia OMS%sT
|
|
# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@iae.nsk.su> (1994-06-29):
|
|
# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow!
|
|
# I do not know why they have decided to make this change;
|
|
# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching
|
|
# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
|
|
Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
|
|
6:00 - NOVT 1957 Mar # Novosibirsk Time
|
|
7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
6:00 1:00 NOVST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
|
|
6:00 - NOVT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
|
7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1994 Mar 27 2:00s
|
|
6:00 1:00 NOVST 1994 Sep 25 2:00s
|
|
6:00 Russia NOV%sT
|
|
Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1924 May 2
|
|
6:00 - KRAT 1957 Mar # Krasnoyarsk Time
|
|
7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
6:00 1:00 KRAST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
|
|
6:00 - KRAT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
|
7:00 Russia KRA%sT
|
|
Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880
|
|
6:57:20 - IMT 1924 May 2 # Irkutsk Mean Time
|
|
7:00 - IRKT 1957 Mar # Irkutsk Time
|
|
8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
7:00 1:00 IRKST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
|
|
7:00 - IRKT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
|
8:00 Russia IRK%sT
|
|
Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
|
|
8:00 - YAKT 1957 Mar # Yakutsk Time
|
|
9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
8:00 1:00 YAKST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
|
|
8:00 - YAKT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
|
9:00 Russia YAK%sT
|
|
Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1880
|
|
8:47:44 - VMT 1924 May 2 # Vladivostok MT
|
|
9:00 - VLAT 1957 Mar # Vladivostok Time
|
|
10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
9:00 1:00 VLAST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
|
|
9:00 - VLAT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
|
10:00 Russia VLA%sT
|
|
Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
|
|
10:00 - MAGT 1957 Mar # Magadan Time
|
|
11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
10:00 1:00 MAGST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
|
|
10:00 - MAGT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
|
11:00 Russia MAG%sT
|
|
# This name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long.
|
|
Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1924 May 2
|
|
11:00 - PETT 1957 Mar # P-K Time
|
|
12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
11:00 1:00 PETST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
|
|
11:00 - PETT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
|
12:00 Russia PET%sT
|
|
Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2
|
|
12:00 - ANAT 1957 Mar # Anadyr Time
|
|
13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
12:00 1:00 ANAST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
|
|
12:00 - ANAT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
|
13:00 Russia ANA%sT
|
|
|
|
# Slovakia
|
|
Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
|
|
|
|
# Slovenia
|
|
# see Yugoslavia
|
|
|
|
# Spain
|
|
# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15.
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
|
|
Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S
|
|
# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer
|
|
Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 M
|
|
Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
|
|
# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978.
|
|
Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901
|
|
0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30
|
|
1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901
|
|
0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00
|
|
0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00
|
|
0:00 - WET 1924
|
|
0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929
|
|
0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
|
|
1:00 - CET 1986
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
|
|
-1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time
|
|
0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
|
|
0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s
|
|
0:00 EU WE%sT
|
|
# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
|
|
# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
|
|
|
|
# Sweden
|
|
|
|
# From: msb@sq.com (Mark Brader)
|
|
# <a href="news:1996Jul6.012937.29190@sq.com">
|
|
# Subject: Re: Gregorian reform -- a part of locale?
|
|
# </a>
|
|
# Date: 1996-07-06
|
|
#
|
|
# In 1700, Denmark made the transition from Julian to Gregorian. Sweden
|
|
# decided to *start* a transition in 1700 as well, but rather than have one of
|
|
# those unsightly calendar gaps :-), they simply decreed that the next leap
|
|
# year after 1696 would be in 1744 -- putting the whole country on a calendar
|
|
# different from both Julian and Gregorian for a period of 40 years.
|
|
#
|
|
# However, in 1704 something went wrong and the plan was not carried through;
|
|
# they did, after all, have a leap year that year. And one in 1708. In 1712
|
|
# they gave it up and went back to Julian, putting 30 days in February that
|
|
# year!...
|
|
#
|
|
# Then in 1753, Sweden made the transition to Gregorian in the usual manner,
|
|
# getting there only 13 years behind the original schedule.
|
|
#
|
|
# (A previous posting of this story was challenged, and Swedish readers
|
|
# produced the following references to support it: "Tiderakning och historia"
|
|
# by Natanael Beckman (1924) and "Tid, en bok om tiderakning och
|
|
# kalendervasen" by Lars-Olof Lode'n (no date was given).)
|
|
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1878 May 31
|
|
1:12:12 - SMT 1900 Jan 1 1:00 # Stockholm MT
|
|
1:00 - CET 1916 Apr 14 23:00s
|
|
1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Sep 30 23:00s
|
|
1:00 - CET 1980
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Switzerland
|
|
# The Gregorian calendar was introduced gradually in Switzerland,
|
|
# by omitting leap years during 1583-1812.
|
|
# From Howse (1988), p 82:
|
|
# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
|
|
# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep
|
|
# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 ....
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
# From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''):
|
|
Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 -
|
|
# From Shanks (1991):
|
|
Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12
|
|
0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
|
|
1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Turkey
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
|
|
# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
# Shanks omits the first two transitions in 1940; go with Whitman.
|
|
Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
|
|
Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
|
|
Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S
|
|
Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880
|
|
1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
|
|
2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15
|
|
3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time
|
|
2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1986
|
|
2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
|
|
2:00 EU EE%sT
|
|
Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
|
|
|
|
# Ukraine
|
|
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
|
Rule Ukraine 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 UST # Ukrainian Summer Time
|
|
Rule Ukraine 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 KMT # Kiev Mean Time
|
|
Rule Ukraine 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 UDST # Ukrainian Double Summer Time
|
|
Rule Ukraine 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 UST
|
|
Rule Ukraine 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 UDST
|
|
Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 UST
|
|
Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 KMT
|
|
Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 UST
|
|
Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Mar 21 23:00 2:00 UDST
|
|
Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 UST
|
|
Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 KMT
|
|
Rule Crimea 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 CST # Crimean Summer Time
|
|
Rule Crimea 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 NMT # Nikolayev Mean Time
|
|
Rule Crimea 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 CDST # Crimean Double Summer Time
|
|
Rule Crimea 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 CST
|
|
Rule Crimea 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 CDST
|
|
Rule Crimea 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 CST
|
|
Rule Crimea 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 NMT
|
|
Rule Crimea 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 CST
|
|
Rule Crimea 1921 only - Mar 21 23:00 2:00 CDST
|
|
Rule Crimea 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 CST
|
|
Rule Crimea 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 NMT
|
|
Rule Crimea 1996 only - Mar lastSun 0:00u 1:00 -
|
|
Rule Crimea 1996 only - Oct lastSun 0:00u 0 -
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880
|
|
2:02:04 Ukraine %s 1924 May 2
|
|
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
|
|
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 17
|
|
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1996
|
|
2:00 EU EE%sT
|
|
Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
|
|
2:08:00 Crimea %s 1924 May 2
|
|
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
|
|
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
|
2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
|
|
# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-10-21):
|
|
# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that most of Crimea switched
|
|
# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
|
|
# For now, guess it changed Feb 1.
|
|
2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1994 Feb
|
|
# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
|
|
3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996
|
|
# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
|
|
# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
|
|
3:00 Crimea MSK/MSD 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
|
|
2:00 EU EE%sT
|
|
|
|
# Yugoslavia
|
|
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
|
Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
|
|
1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
|
|
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
|
|
1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
|
|
# Metod Kozelj <metod.kozelj@rzs-hm.si> reports that the legal date of
|
|
# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
|
|
# Shanks doesn't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj.
|
|
1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
|
|
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
|
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia
|
|
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
|
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia
|
|
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia
|
|
|
|
###############################################################################
|
|
|
|
# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from
|
|
# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986.
|
|
# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else.
|
|
#
|
|
# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but
|
|
# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules.
|
|
# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at
|
|
# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey
|
|
# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time
|
|
# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST)
|
|
|
|
# ...
|
|
# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100
|
|
# From: seismo!mcvax!cgcha!wtho (Tom Hofmann)
|
|
# Message-Id: <8701281556.AA22174@cgcha.uucp>
|
|
# ...
|
|
#
|
|
# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when
|
|
# most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only
|
|
# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according
|
|
# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on
|
|
# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following
|
|
# years...
|
|
# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions
|
|
# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST
|
|
# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep
|
|
# lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now.
|
|
#
|
|
# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the
|
|
# Soviet Union (as far as I know).
|
|
#
|
|
# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG,
|
|
# 4002 Basle, Switzerland
|
|
# UUCP: ...!mcvax!cernvax!cgcha!wtho
|
|
|
|
# ...
|
|
# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100
|
|
# From: seismo!mcvax!cwi.nl!dik (Dik T. Winter)
|
|
# ...
|
|
#
|
|
# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct.
|
|
# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information
|
|
# about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969.
|
|
#
|
|
# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on
|
|
# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September...
|
|
# In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that
|
|
# the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982
|
|
# the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in
|
|
# the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch
|
|
# dates...
|
|
#
|
|
# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g.
|
|
# Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST...
|
|
# Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not
|
|
# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations
|
|
# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always
|
|
# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the
|
|
# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours
|
|
# in advance of normal time.
|
|
#
|
|
# ...
|
|
# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland
|
|
# INTERNET : dik@cwi.nl
|
|
# BITNET/EARN: dik@mcvax
|
|
|
|
# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
|
|
# ...
|
|
# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates).
|
|
# Since 1978. Change at midnight.
|
|
# ...
|
|
# Monaco: has same DST as France.
|
|
# ...
|