3029 lines
93 KiB
Groff
3029 lines
93 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991, 1993
|
|
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
|
|
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
|
|
.\" are met:
|
|
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
|
|
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
|
|
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
|
|
.\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
|
|
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
|
|
.\" without specific prior written permission.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
|
|
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
|
|
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
|
|
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
|
|
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
|
|
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
|
|
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
|
|
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
|
|
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
|
|
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
|
|
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" From: @(#)ifconfig.8 8.3 (Berkeley) 1/5/94
|
|
.\" $FreeBSD$
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Dd June 27, 2018
|
|
.Dt IFCONFIG 8
|
|
.Os
|
|
.Sh NAME
|
|
.Nm ifconfig
|
|
.Nd configure network interface parameters
|
|
.Sh SYNOPSIS
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Op Fl f Ar type:format Ns Op Ar ,type:format
|
|
.Op Fl L
|
|
.Op Fl k
|
|
.Op Fl m
|
|
.Op Fl n
|
|
.Ar interface
|
|
.Op Cm create
|
|
.Ar address_family
|
|
.Oo
|
|
.Ar address
|
|
.Op Ar dest_address
|
|
.Oc
|
|
.Op Ar parameters
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Ar interface
|
|
.Cm destroy
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Fl a
|
|
.Op Fl L
|
|
.Op Fl d
|
|
.Op Fl m
|
|
.Op Fl u
|
|
.Op Fl v
|
|
.Op Ar address_family
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Fl l
|
|
.Op Fl d
|
|
.Op Fl u
|
|
.Op Ar address_family
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Op Fl L
|
|
.Op Fl d
|
|
.Op Fl k
|
|
.Op Fl m
|
|
.Op Fl u
|
|
.Op Fl v
|
|
.Op Fl C
|
|
.Nm
|
|
.Op Fl g Ar groupname
|
|
.Sh DESCRIPTION
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
utility is used to assign an address
|
|
to a network interface and/or configure
|
|
network interface parameters.
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
utility must be used at boot time to define the network address
|
|
of each interface present on a machine; it may also be used at
|
|
a later time to redefine an interface's address
|
|
or other operating parameters.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following options are available:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Ar address
|
|
For the
|
|
.Tn DARPA Ns -Internet
|
|
family,
|
|
the address is either a host name present in the host name data
|
|
base,
|
|
.Xr hosts 5 ,
|
|
or a
|
|
.Tn DARPA
|
|
Internet address expressed in the Internet standard
|
|
.Dq dot notation .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
It is also possible to use the CIDR notation (also known as the
|
|
slash notation) to include the netmask.
|
|
That is, one can specify an address like
|
|
.Li 192.168.0.1/16 .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
For the
|
|
.Dq inet6
|
|
family, it is also possible to specify the prefix length using the slash
|
|
notation, like
|
|
.Li ::1/128 .
|
|
See the
|
|
.Cm prefixlen
|
|
parameter below for more information.
|
|
.\" For the Xerox Network Systems(tm) family,
|
|
.\" addresses are
|
|
.\" .Ar net:a.b.c.d.e.f ,
|
|
.\" where
|
|
.\" .Ar net
|
|
.\" is the assigned network number (in decimal),
|
|
.\" and each of the six bytes of the host number,
|
|
.\" .Ar a
|
|
.\" through
|
|
.\" .Ar f ,
|
|
.\" are specified in hexadecimal.
|
|
.\" The host number may be omitted on IEEE 802 protocol
|
|
.\" (Ethernet, FDDI, and Token Ring) interfaces,
|
|
.\" which use the hardware physical address,
|
|
.\" and on interfaces other than the first.
|
|
.\" For the
|
|
.\" .Tn ISO
|
|
.\" family, addresses are specified as a long hexadecimal string,
|
|
.\" as in the Xerox family.
|
|
.\" However, two consecutive dots imply a zero
|
|
.\" byte, and the dots are optional, if the user wishes to (carefully)
|
|
.\" count out long strings of digits in network byte order.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The link-level
|
|
.Pq Dq link
|
|
address
|
|
is specified as a series of colon-separated hex digits.
|
|
This can be used to, for example,
|
|
set a new MAC address on an Ethernet interface, though the
|
|
mechanism used is not Ethernet specific.
|
|
Use the
|
|
.Pq Dq random
|
|
keyword to set a randomly generated MAC address.
|
|
A randomly-generated MAC address might be the same as one already in use
|
|
in the network.
|
|
Such duplications are extremely unlikely.
|
|
If the interface is already
|
|
up when this option is used, it will be briefly brought down and
|
|
then brought back up again in order to ensure that the receive
|
|
filter in the underlying Ethernet hardware is properly reprogrammed.
|
|
.It Ar address_family
|
|
Specify the
|
|
address family
|
|
which affects interpretation of the remaining parameters.
|
|
Since an interface can receive transmissions in differing protocols
|
|
with different naming schemes, specifying the address family is recommended.
|
|
The address or protocol families currently
|
|
supported are
|
|
.Dq inet ,
|
|
.Dq inet6 ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq link .
|
|
The default if available is
|
|
.Dq inet
|
|
or otherwise
|
|
.Dq link .
|
|
.Dq ether
|
|
and
|
|
.Dq lladdr
|
|
are synonyms for
|
|
.Dq link .
|
|
When using the
|
|
.Fl l
|
|
flag, the
|
|
.Dq ether
|
|
address family has special meaning and is no longer synonymous with
|
|
.Dq link
|
|
or
|
|
.Dq lladdr .
|
|
Specifying
|
|
.Fl l Dq ether
|
|
will list only Ethernet interfaces, excluding all other interface types,
|
|
including the loopback interface.
|
|
.It Ar dest_address
|
|
Specify the address of the correspondent on the other end
|
|
of a point to point link.
|
|
.It Ar interface
|
|
This
|
|
parameter is a string of the form
|
|
.Dq name unit ,
|
|
for example,
|
|
.Dq Li ed0 .
|
|
.It Ar groupname
|
|
List the interfaces in the given group.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The output format of
|
|
.Nm
|
|
can be controlled using the
|
|
.Fl f
|
|
flag or the
|
|
.Ev IFCONFIG_FORMAT
|
|
environment variable.
|
|
The format is specified as a comma separated list of
|
|
.Sy type:format
|
|
pairs.
|
|
See the
|
|
.Sx EXAMPLES
|
|
section for more information.
|
|
The
|
|
.Sy types
|
|
and their associated
|
|
.Sy format
|
|
strings are:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width ether
|
|
.It Sy addr
|
|
Adjust the display of inet and inet6 addresses
|
|
.Bl -tag -width default
|
|
.It Sy default
|
|
Display inet and inet6 addresses in the default format,
|
|
.Sy numeric
|
|
.It Sy fqdn
|
|
Display inet and inet6 addresses as fully qualified domain names
|
|
.Pq FQDN
|
|
.It Sy host
|
|
Display inet and inet6 addresses as unqualified hostnames
|
|
.It Sy numeric
|
|
Display inet and inet6 addresses in numeric format
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Sy ether
|
|
Adjust the display of link-level ethernet (MAC) addresses
|
|
.Bl -tag -width default
|
|
.It Sy colon
|
|
Separate address segments with a colon
|
|
.It Sy dash
|
|
Separate address segments with a dash
|
|
.It Sy default
|
|
Display ethernet addresses in the default format,
|
|
.Sy colon
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Sy inet
|
|
Adjust the display of inet address subnet masks:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width default
|
|
.It Sy cidr
|
|
Display subnet masks in CIDR notation, for example:
|
|
.br
|
|
10.0.0.0/8 or 203.0.113.224/26
|
|
.It Sy default
|
|
Display subnet masks in the default format,
|
|
.Sy hex
|
|
.It Sy dotted
|
|
Display subnet masks in dotted quad notation, for example:
|
|
.br
|
|
255.255.0.0 or 255.255.255.192
|
|
.It Sy hex
|
|
Display subnet masks in hexadecimal, for example:
|
|
.br
|
|
0xffff0000 or 0xffffffc0
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Sy inet6
|
|
Adjust the display of inet6 address prefixes (subnet masks):
|
|
.Bl -tag -width default
|
|
.It Sy cidr
|
|
Display subnet prefix in CIDR notation, for example:
|
|
.br
|
|
::1/128 or fe80::1%lo0/64
|
|
.It Sy default
|
|
Display subnet prefix in the default format
|
|
.Sy numeric
|
|
.It Sy numeric
|
|
Display subnet prefix in integer format, for example:
|
|
.br
|
|
prefixlen 64
|
|
.El
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following parameters may be set with
|
|
.Nm :
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Cm add
|
|
Another name for the
|
|
.Cm alias
|
|
parameter.
|
|
Introduced for compatibility
|
|
with
|
|
.Bsx .
|
|
.It Cm alias
|
|
Establish an additional network address for this interface.
|
|
This is sometimes useful when changing network numbers, and
|
|
one wishes to accept packets addressed to the old interface.
|
|
If the address is on the same subnet as the first network address
|
|
for this interface, a non-conflicting netmask must be given.
|
|
Usually
|
|
.Li 0xffffffff
|
|
is most appropriate.
|
|
.It Fl alias
|
|
Remove the network address specified.
|
|
This would be used if you incorrectly specified an alias, or it
|
|
was no longer needed.
|
|
If you have incorrectly set an NS address having the side effect
|
|
of specifying the host portion, removing all NS addresses will
|
|
allow you to respecify the host portion.
|
|
.It Cm anycast
|
|
(Inet6 only.)
|
|
Specify that the address configured is an anycast address.
|
|
Based on the current specification,
|
|
only routers may configure anycast addresses.
|
|
Anycast address will not be used as source address of any of outgoing
|
|
IPv6 packets.
|
|
.It Cm arp
|
|
Enable the use of the Address Resolution Protocol
|
|
.Pq Xr arp 4
|
|
in mapping
|
|
between network level addresses and link level addresses (default).
|
|
This is currently implemented for mapping between
|
|
.Tn DARPA
|
|
Internet
|
|
addresses and
|
|
.Tn IEEE
|
|
802 48-bit MAC addresses (Ethernet, FDDI, and Token Ring addresses).
|
|
.It Fl arp
|
|
Disable the use of the Address Resolution Protocol
|
|
.Pq Xr arp 4 .
|
|
.It Cm staticarp
|
|
If the Address Resolution Protocol is enabled,
|
|
the host will only reply to requests for its addresses,
|
|
and will never send any requests.
|
|
.It Fl staticarp
|
|
If the Address Resolution Protocol is enabled,
|
|
the host will perform normally,
|
|
sending out requests and listening for replies.
|
|
.It Cm broadcast
|
|
(Inet only.)
|
|
Specify the address to use to represent broadcasts to the
|
|
network.
|
|
The default broadcast address is the address with a host part of all 1's.
|
|
.It Cm debug
|
|
Enable driver dependent debugging code; usually, this turns on
|
|
extra console error logging.
|
|
.It Fl debug
|
|
Disable driver dependent debugging code.
|
|
.It Cm promisc
|
|
Put interface into permanently promiscuous mode.
|
|
.It Fl promisc
|
|
Disable permanently promiscuous mode.
|
|
.It Cm delete
|
|
Another name for the
|
|
.Fl alias
|
|
parameter.
|
|
.It Cm description Ar value , Cm descr Ar value
|
|
Specify a description of the interface.
|
|
This can be used to label interfaces in situations where they may
|
|
otherwise be difficult to distinguish.
|
|
.It Cm -description , Cm -descr
|
|
Clear the interface description.
|
|
.It Cm down
|
|
Mark an interface
|
|
.Dq down .
|
|
When an interface is marked
|
|
.Dq down ,
|
|
the system will not attempt to
|
|
transmit messages through that interface.
|
|
If possible, the interface will be reset to disable reception as well.
|
|
This action does not automatically disable routes using the interface.
|
|
.It Cm group Ar group-name
|
|
Assign the interface to a
|
|
.Dq group .
|
|
Any interface can be in multiple groups.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Cloned interfaces are members of their interface family group by default.
|
|
For example, a PPP interface such as
|
|
.Em ppp0
|
|
is a member of the PPP interface family group,
|
|
.Em ppp .
|
|
.\" The interface(s) the default route(s) point to are members of the
|
|
.\" .Em egress
|
|
.\" interface group.
|
|
.It Cm -group Ar group-name
|
|
Remove the interface from the given
|
|
.Dq group .
|
|
.It Cm eui64
|
|
(Inet6 only.)
|
|
Fill interface index
|
|
(lowermost 64bit of an IPv6 address)
|
|
automatically.
|
|
.It Cm fib Ar fib_number
|
|
Specify interface FIB.
|
|
A FIB
|
|
.Ar fib_number
|
|
is assigned to all frames or packets received on that interface.
|
|
The FIB is not inherited, e.g., vlans or other sub-interfaces will use
|
|
the default FIB (0) irrespective of the parent interface's FIB.
|
|
The kernel needs to be tuned to support more than the default FIB
|
|
using the
|
|
.Va ROUTETABLES
|
|
kernel configuration option, or the
|
|
.Va net.fibs
|
|
tunable.
|
|
.It Cm tunnelfib Ar fib_number
|
|
Specify tunnel FIB.
|
|
A FIB
|
|
.Ar fib_number
|
|
is assigned to all packets encapsulated by tunnel interface, e.g.,
|
|
.Xr gif 4
|
|
and
|
|
.Xr gre 4 .
|
|
.It Cm maclabel Ar label
|
|
If Mandatory Access Control support is enabled in the kernel,
|
|
set the MAC label to
|
|
.Ar label .
|
|
.\" (see
|
|
.\" .Xr maclabel 7 ) .
|
|
.It Cm media Ar type
|
|
If the driver supports the media selection system, set the media type
|
|
of the interface to
|
|
.Ar type .
|
|
Some interfaces support the mutually exclusive use of one of several
|
|
different physical media connectors.
|
|
For example, a 10Mbit/s Ethernet
|
|
interface might support the use of either
|
|
.Tn AUI
|
|
or twisted pair connectors.
|
|
Setting the media type to
|
|
.Cm 10base5/AUI
|
|
would change the currently active connector to the AUI port.
|
|
Setting it to
|
|
.Cm 10baseT/UTP
|
|
would activate twisted pair.
|
|
Refer to the interfaces' driver
|
|
specific documentation or man page for a complete list of the
|
|
available types.
|
|
.It Cm mediaopt Ar opts
|
|
If the driver supports the media selection system, set the specified
|
|
media options on the interface.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar opts
|
|
argument
|
|
is a comma delimited list of options to apply to the interface.
|
|
Refer to the interfaces' driver specific man page for a complete
|
|
list of available options.
|
|
.It Fl mediaopt Ar opts
|
|
If the driver supports the media selection system, disable the
|
|
specified media options on the interface.
|
|
.It Cm mode Ar mode
|
|
If the driver supports the media selection system, set the specified
|
|
operating mode on the interface to
|
|
.Ar mode .
|
|
For IEEE 802.11 wireless interfaces that support multiple operating modes
|
|
this directive is used to select between 802.11a
|
|
.Pq Cm 11a ,
|
|
802.11b
|
|
.Pq Cm 11b ,
|
|
and 802.11g
|
|
.Pq Cm 11g
|
|
operating modes.
|
|
.It Cm txrtlmt
|
|
Set if the driver supports TX rate limiting.
|
|
.It Cm inst Ar minst , Cm instance Ar minst
|
|
Set the media instance to
|
|
.Ar minst .
|
|
This is useful for devices which have multiple physical layer interfaces
|
|
.Pq PHYs .
|
|
.It Cm name Ar name
|
|
Set the interface name to
|
|
.Ar name .
|
|
.It Cm rxcsum , txcsum , rxcsum6 , txcsum6
|
|
If the driver supports user-configurable checksum offloading,
|
|
enable receive (or transmit) checksum offloading on the interface.
|
|
The feature can be turned on selectively per protocol family.
|
|
Use
|
|
.Cm rxcsum6 , txcsum6
|
|
for
|
|
.Xr ip6 4
|
|
or
|
|
.Cm rxcsum , txcsum
|
|
otherwise.
|
|
Some drivers may not be able to enable these flags independently
|
|
of each other, so setting one may also set the other.
|
|
The driver will offload as much checksum work as it can reliably
|
|
support, the exact level of offloading varies between drivers.
|
|
.It Fl rxcsum , txcsum , rxcsum6 , txcsum6
|
|
If the driver supports user-configurable checksum offloading,
|
|
disable receive (or transmit) checksum offloading on the interface.
|
|
The feature can be turned off selectively per protocol family.
|
|
Use
|
|
.Fl rxcsum6 , txcsum6
|
|
for
|
|
.Xr ip6 4
|
|
or
|
|
.Fl rxcsum , txcsum
|
|
otherwise.
|
|
These settings may not always be independent of each other.
|
|
.It Cm tso
|
|
If the driver supports
|
|
.Xr tcp 4
|
|
segmentation offloading, enable TSO on the interface.
|
|
Some drivers may not be able to support TSO for
|
|
.Xr ip 4
|
|
and
|
|
.Xr ip6 4
|
|
packets, so they may enable only one of them.
|
|
.It Fl tso
|
|
If the driver supports
|
|
.Xr tcp 4
|
|
segmentation offloading, disable TSO on the interface.
|
|
It will always disable TSO for
|
|
.Xr ip 4
|
|
and
|
|
.Xr ip6 4 .
|
|
.It Cm tso6 , tso4
|
|
If the driver supports
|
|
.Xr tcp 4
|
|
segmentation offloading for
|
|
.Xr ip6 4
|
|
or
|
|
.Xr ip 4
|
|
use one of these to selectively enabled it only for one protocol family.
|
|
.It Fl tso6 , tso4
|
|
If the driver supports
|
|
.Xr tcp 4
|
|
segmentation offloading for
|
|
.Xr ip6 4
|
|
or
|
|
.Xr ip 4
|
|
use one of these to selectively disable it only for one protocol family.
|
|
.It Cm lro
|
|
If the driver supports
|
|
.Xr tcp 4
|
|
large receive offloading, enable LRO on the interface.
|
|
.It Fl lro
|
|
If the driver supports
|
|
.Xr tcp 4
|
|
large receive offloading, disable LRO on the interface.
|
|
.It Cm wol , wol_ucast , wol_mcast , wol_magic
|
|
Enable Wake On Lan (WOL) support, if available.
|
|
WOL is a facility whereby a machine in a low power state may be woken
|
|
in response to a received packet.
|
|
There are three types of packets that may wake a system:
|
|
ucast (directed solely to the machine's mac address),
|
|
mcast (directed to a broadcast or multicast address),
|
|
or
|
|
magic (unicast or multicast frames with a ``magic contents'').
|
|
Not all devices support WOL, those that do indicate the mechanisms
|
|
they support in their capabilities.
|
|
.Cm wol
|
|
is a synonym for enabling all available WOL mechanisms.
|
|
To disable WOL use
|
|
.Fl wol .
|
|
.It Cm vlanmtu , vlanhwtag, vlanhwfilter, vlanhwcsum, vlanhwtso
|
|
If the driver offers user-configurable VLAN support, enable
|
|
reception of extended frames, tag processing in hardware,
|
|
frame filtering in hardware, checksum offloading, or TSO on VLAN,
|
|
respectively.
|
|
Note that this must be issued on a physical interface associated with
|
|
.Xr vlan 4 ,
|
|
not on a
|
|
.Xr vlan 4
|
|
interface itself.
|
|
.It Fl vlanmtu , vlanhwtag, vlanhwfilter, vlanhwtso
|
|
If the driver offers user-configurable VLAN support, disable
|
|
reception of extended frames, tag processing in hardware,
|
|
frame filtering in hardware, or TSO on VLAN,
|
|
respectively.
|
|
.It Cm vnet Ar jail
|
|
Move the interface to the
|
|
.Xr jail 8 ,
|
|
specified by name or JID.
|
|
If the jail has a virtual network stack, the interface will disappear
|
|
from the current environment and become visible to the jail.
|
|
.It Fl vnet Ar jail
|
|
Reclaim the interface from the
|
|
.Xr jail 8 ,
|
|
specified by name or JID.
|
|
If the jail has a virtual network stack, the interface will disappear
|
|
from the jail, and become visible to the current network environment.
|
|
.It Cm polling
|
|
Turn on
|
|
.Xr polling 4
|
|
feature and disable interrupts on the interface, if driver supports
|
|
this mode.
|
|
.It Fl polling
|
|
Turn off
|
|
.Xr polling 4
|
|
feature and enable interrupt mode on the interface.
|
|
.It Cm create
|
|
Create the specified network pseudo-device.
|
|
If the interface is given without a unit number, try to create a new
|
|
device with an arbitrary unit number.
|
|
If creation of an arbitrary device is successful, the new device name is
|
|
printed to standard output unless the interface is renamed or destroyed
|
|
in the same
|
|
.Nm
|
|
invocation.
|
|
.It Cm destroy
|
|
Destroy the specified network pseudo-device.
|
|
.It Cm plumb
|
|
Another name for the
|
|
.Cm create
|
|
parameter.
|
|
Included for
|
|
.Tn Solaris
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
.It Cm unplumb
|
|
Another name for the
|
|
.Cm destroy
|
|
parameter.
|
|
Included for
|
|
.Tn Solaris
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
.It Cm metric Ar n
|
|
Set the routing metric of the interface to
|
|
.Ar n ,
|
|
default 0.
|
|
The routing metric is used by the routing protocol
|
|
.Pq Xr routed 8 .
|
|
Higher metrics have the effect of making a route
|
|
less favorable; metrics are counted as additional hops
|
|
to the destination network or host.
|
|
.It Cm mtu Ar n
|
|
Set the maximum transmission unit of the interface to
|
|
.Ar n ,
|
|
default is interface specific.
|
|
The MTU is used to limit the size of packets that are transmitted on an
|
|
interface.
|
|
Not all interfaces support setting the MTU, and some interfaces have
|
|
range restrictions.
|
|
.It Cm netmask Ar mask
|
|
.\" (Inet and ISO.)
|
|
(Inet only.)
|
|
Specify how much of the address to reserve for subdividing
|
|
networks into sub-networks.
|
|
The mask includes the network part of the local address
|
|
and the subnet part, which is taken from the host field of the address.
|
|
The mask can be specified as a single hexadecimal number
|
|
with a leading
|
|
.Ql 0x ,
|
|
with a dot-notation Internet address,
|
|
or with a pseudo-network name listed in the network table
|
|
.Xr networks 5 .
|
|
The mask contains 1's for the bit positions in the 32-bit address
|
|
which are to be used for the network and subnet parts,
|
|
and 0's for the host part.
|
|
The mask should contain at least the standard network portion,
|
|
and the subnet field should be contiguous with the network
|
|
portion.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The netmask can also be specified in CIDR notation after the address.
|
|
See the
|
|
.Ar address
|
|
option above for more information.
|
|
.It Cm prefixlen Ar len
|
|
(Inet6 only.)
|
|
Specify that
|
|
.Ar len
|
|
bits are reserved for subdividing networks into sub-networks.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar len
|
|
must be integer, and for syntactical reason it must be between 0 to 128.
|
|
It is almost always 64 under the current IPv6 assignment rule.
|
|
If the parameter is omitted, 64 is used.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The prefix can also be specified using the slash notation after the address.
|
|
See the
|
|
.Ar address
|
|
option above for more information.
|
|
.It Cm remove
|
|
Another name for the
|
|
.Fl alias
|
|
parameter.
|
|
Introduced for compatibility
|
|
with
|
|
.Bsx .
|
|
.Sm off
|
|
.It Cm link Op Cm 0 No - Cm 2
|
|
.Sm on
|
|
Enable special processing of the link level of the interface.
|
|
These three options are interface specific in actual effect, however,
|
|
they are in general used to select special modes of operation.
|
|
An example
|
|
of this is to enable SLIP compression, or to select the connector type
|
|
for some Ethernet cards.
|
|
Refer to the man page for the specific driver
|
|
for more information.
|
|
.Sm off
|
|
.It Fl link Op Cm 0 No - Cm 2
|
|
.Sm on
|
|
Disable special processing at the link level with the specified interface.
|
|
.It Cm monitor
|
|
Put the interface in monitor mode.
|
|
No packets are transmitted, and received packets are discarded after
|
|
.Xr bpf 4
|
|
processing.
|
|
.It Fl monitor
|
|
Take the interface out of monitor mode.
|
|
.It Cm up
|
|
Mark an interface
|
|
.Dq up .
|
|
This may be used to enable an interface after an
|
|
.Dq Nm Cm down .
|
|
It happens automatically when setting the first address on an interface.
|
|
If the interface was reset when previously marked down,
|
|
the hardware will be re-initialized.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following parameters are for ICMPv6 Neighbor Discovery Protocol.
|
|
Note that the address family keyword
|
|
.Dq Li inet6
|
|
is needed for them:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Cm accept_rtadv
|
|
Set a flag to enable accepting ICMPv6 Router Advertisement messages.
|
|
The
|
|
.Xr sysctl 8
|
|
variable
|
|
.Va net.inet6.ip6.accept_rtadv
|
|
controls whether this flag is set by default or not.
|
|
.It Cm -accept_rtadv
|
|
Clear a flag
|
|
.Cm accept_rtadv .
|
|
.It Cm no_radr
|
|
Set a flag to control whether routers from which the system accepts
|
|
Router Advertisement messages will be added to the Default Router List
|
|
or not.
|
|
When the
|
|
.Cm accept_rtadv
|
|
flag is disabled, this flag has no effect.
|
|
The
|
|
.Xr sysctl 8
|
|
variable
|
|
.Va net.inet6.ip6.no_radr
|
|
controls whether this flag is set by default or not.
|
|
.It Cm -no_radr
|
|
Clear a flag
|
|
.Cm no_radr .
|
|
.It Cm auto_linklocal
|
|
Set a flag to perform automatic link-local address configuration when
|
|
the interface becomes available.
|
|
The
|
|
.Xr sysctl 8
|
|
variable
|
|
.Va net.inet6.ip6.auto_linklocal
|
|
controls whether this flag is set by default or not.
|
|
.It Cm -auto_linklocal
|
|
Clear a flag
|
|
.Cm auto_linklocal .
|
|
.It Cm defaultif
|
|
Set the specified interface as the default route when there is no
|
|
default router.
|
|
.It Cm -defaultif
|
|
Clear a flag
|
|
.Cm defaultif .
|
|
.It Cm ifdisabled
|
|
Set a flag to disable all of IPv6 network communications on the
|
|
specified interface.
|
|
Note that if there are already configured IPv6
|
|
addresses on that interface, all of them are marked as
|
|
.Dq tentative
|
|
and DAD will be performed when this flag is cleared.
|
|
.It Cm -ifdisabled
|
|
Clear a flag
|
|
.Cm ifdisabled .
|
|
When this flag is cleared and
|
|
.Cm auto_linklocal
|
|
flag is enabled, automatic configuration of a link-local address is
|
|
performed.
|
|
.It Cm nud
|
|
Set a flag to enable Neighbor Unreachability Detection.
|
|
.It Cm -nud
|
|
Clear a flag
|
|
.Cm nud .
|
|
.It Cm no_prefer_iface
|
|
Set a flag to not honor rule 5 of source address selection in RFC 3484.
|
|
In practice this means the address on the outgoing interface will not be
|
|
preferred, effectively yielding the decision to the address selection
|
|
policy table, configurable with
|
|
.Xr ip6addrctl 8 .
|
|
.It Cm -no_prefer_iface
|
|
Clear a flag
|
|
.Cm no_prefer_iface .
|
|
.It Cm no_dad
|
|
Set a flag to disable Duplicate Address Detection.
|
|
.It Cm -no_dad
|
|
Clear a flag
|
|
.Cm no_dad .
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following parameters are specific for IPv6 addresses.
|
|
Note that the address family keyword
|
|
.Dq Li inet6
|
|
is needed for them:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Cm autoconf
|
|
Set the IPv6 autoconfigured address bit.
|
|
.It Fl autoconf
|
|
Clear the IPv6 autoconfigured address bit.
|
|
.It Cm deprecated
|
|
Set the IPv6 deprecated address bit.
|
|
.It Fl deprecated
|
|
Clear the IPv6 deprecated address bit.
|
|
.It Cm pltime Ar n
|
|
Set preferred lifetime for the address.
|
|
.It Cm prefer_source
|
|
Set a flag to prefer address as a candidate of the source address for
|
|
outgoing packets.
|
|
.It Cm -prefer_source
|
|
Clear a flag
|
|
.Cm prefer_source .
|
|
.It Cm vltime Ar n
|
|
Set valid lifetime for the address.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following parameters are specific to cloning
|
|
IEEE 802.11 wireless interfaces with the
|
|
.Cm create
|
|
request:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Cm wlandev Ar device
|
|
Use
|
|
.Ar device
|
|
as the parent for the cloned device.
|
|
.It Cm wlanmode Ar mode
|
|
Specify the operating mode for this cloned device.
|
|
.Ar mode
|
|
is one of
|
|
.Cm sta ,
|
|
.Cm ahdemo
|
|
(or
|
|
.Cm adhoc-demo ) ,
|
|
.Cm ibss ,
|
|
(or
|
|
.Cm adhoc ) ,
|
|
.Cm ap ,
|
|
(or
|
|
.Cm hostap ) ,
|
|
.Cm wds ,
|
|
.Cm tdma ,
|
|
.Cm mesh ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Cm monitor .
|
|
The operating mode of a cloned interface cannot be changed.
|
|
The
|
|
.Cm tdma
|
|
mode is actually implemented as an
|
|
.Cm adhoc-demo
|
|
interface with special properties.
|
|
.It Cm wlanbssid Ar bssid
|
|
The 802.11 mac address to use for the bssid.
|
|
This must be specified at create time for a legacy
|
|
.Cm wds
|
|
device.
|
|
.It Cm wlanaddr Ar address
|
|
The local mac address.
|
|
If this is not specified then a mac address will automatically be assigned
|
|
to the cloned device.
|
|
Typically this address is the same as the address of the parent device
|
|
but if the
|
|
.Cm bssid
|
|
parameter is specified then the driver will craft a unique address for
|
|
the device (if supported).
|
|
.It Cm wdslegacy
|
|
Mark a
|
|
.Cm wds
|
|
device as operating in ``legacy mode''.
|
|
Legacy
|
|
.Cm wds
|
|
devices have a fixed peer relationship and do not, for example, roam
|
|
if their peer stops communicating.
|
|
For completeness a Dynamic WDS (DWDS) interface may marked as
|
|
.Fl wdslegacy .
|
|
.It Cm bssid
|
|
Request a unique local mac address for the cloned device.
|
|
This is only possible if the device supports multiple mac addresses.
|
|
To force use of the parent's mac address use
|
|
.Fl bssid .
|
|
.It Cm beacons
|
|
Mark the cloned interface as depending on hardware support to
|
|
track received beacons.
|
|
To have beacons tracked in software use
|
|
.Fl beacons .
|
|
For
|
|
.Cm hostap
|
|
mode
|
|
.Fl beacons
|
|
can also be used to indicate no beacons should
|
|
be transmitted; this can be useful when creating a WDS configuration but
|
|
.Cm wds
|
|
interfaces can only be created as companions to an access point.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following parameters are specific to IEEE 802.11 wireless interfaces
|
|
cloned with a
|
|
.Cm create
|
|
operation:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Cm ampdu
|
|
Enable sending and receiving AMPDU frames when using 802.11n (default).
|
|
The 802.11n specification states a compliant station must be capable
|
|
of receiving AMPDU frames but transmission is optional.
|
|
Use
|
|
.Fl ampdu
|
|
to disable all use of AMPDU with 802.11n.
|
|
For testing and/or to work around interoperability problems one can use
|
|
.Cm ampdutx
|
|
and
|
|
.Cm ampdurx
|
|
to control use of AMPDU in one direction.
|
|
.It Cm ampdudensity Ar density
|
|
Set the AMPDU density parameter used when operating with 802.11n.
|
|
This parameter controls the inter-packet gap for AMPDU frames.
|
|
The sending device normally controls this setting but a receiving station
|
|
may request wider gaps.
|
|
Legal values for
|
|
.Ar density
|
|
are 0, .25, .5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 (microseconds).
|
|
A value of
|
|
.Cm -
|
|
is treated the same as 0.
|
|
.It Cm ampdulimit Ar limit
|
|
Set the limit on packet size for receiving AMPDU frames when operating
|
|
with 802.11n.
|
|
Legal values for
|
|
.Ar limit
|
|
are 8192, 16384, 32768, and 65536 but one can also specify
|
|
just the unique prefix: 8, 16, 32, 64.
|
|
Note the sender may limit the size of AMPDU frames to be less
|
|
than the maximum specified by the receiving station.
|
|
.It Cm amsdu
|
|
Enable sending and receiving AMSDU frames when using 802.11n.
|
|
By default AMSDU is received but not transmitted.
|
|
Use
|
|
.Fl amsdu
|
|
to disable all use of AMSDU with 802.11n.
|
|
For testing and/or to work around interoperability problems one can use
|
|
.Cm amsdutx
|
|
and
|
|
.Cm amsdurx
|
|
to control use of AMSDU in one direction.
|
|
.It Cm amsdulimit Ar limit
|
|
Set the limit on packet size for sending and receiving AMSDU frames
|
|
when operating with 802.11n.
|
|
Legal values for
|
|
.Ar limit
|
|
are 7935 and 3839 (bytes).
|
|
Note the sender may limit the size of AMSDU frames to be less
|
|
than the maximum specified by the receiving station.
|
|
Note also that devices are not required to support the 7935 limit,
|
|
only 3839 is required by the specification and the larger value
|
|
may require more memory to be dedicated to support functionality
|
|
that is rarely used.
|
|
.It Cm apbridge
|
|
When operating as an access point, pass packets between
|
|
wireless clients directly (default).
|
|
To instead let them pass up through the
|
|
system and be forwarded using some other mechanism, use
|
|
.Fl apbridge .
|
|
Disabling the internal bridging
|
|
is useful when traffic is to be processed with
|
|
packet filtering.
|
|
.It Cm authmode Ar mode
|
|
Set the desired authentication mode in infrastructure mode.
|
|
Not all adapters support all modes.
|
|
The set of
|
|
valid modes is
|
|
.Cm none , open , shared
|
|
(shared key),
|
|
.Cm 8021x
|
|
(IEEE 802.1x),
|
|
and
|
|
.Cm wpa
|
|
(IEEE WPA/WPA2/802.11i).
|
|
The
|
|
.Cm 8021x
|
|
and
|
|
.Cm wpa
|
|
modes are only useful when using an authentication service
|
|
(a supplicant for client operation or an authenticator when
|
|
operating as an access point).
|
|
Modes are case insensitive.
|
|
.It Cm bgscan
|
|
Enable background scanning when operating as a station.
|
|
Background scanning is a technique whereby a station associated to
|
|
an access point will temporarily leave the channel to scan for
|
|
neighboring stations.
|
|
This allows a station to maintain a cache of nearby access points
|
|
so that roaming between access points can be done without
|
|
a lengthy scan operation.
|
|
Background scanning is done only when a station is not busy and
|
|
any outbound traffic will cancel a scan operation.
|
|
Background scanning should never cause packets to be lost though
|
|
there may be some small latency if outbound traffic interrupts a
|
|
scan operation.
|
|
By default background scanning is enabled if the device is capable.
|
|
To disable background scanning, use
|
|
.Fl bgscan .
|
|
Background scanning is controlled by the
|
|
.Cm bgscanidle
|
|
and
|
|
.Cm bgscanintvl
|
|
parameters.
|
|
Background scanning must be enabled for roaming; this is an artifact
|
|
of the current implementation and may not be required in the future.
|
|
.It Cm bgscanidle Ar idletime
|
|
Set the minimum time a station must be idle (not transmitting or
|
|
receiving frames) before a background scan is initiated.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar idletime
|
|
parameter is specified in milliseconds.
|
|
By default a station must be idle at least 250 milliseconds before
|
|
a background scan is initiated.
|
|
The idle time may not be set to less than 100 milliseconds.
|
|
.It Cm bgscanintvl Ar interval
|
|
Set the interval at which background scanning is attempted.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar interval
|
|
parameter is specified in seconds.
|
|
By default a background scan is considered every 300 seconds (5 minutes).
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar interval
|
|
may not be set to less than 15 seconds.
|
|
.It Cm bintval Ar interval
|
|
Set the interval at which beacon frames are sent when operating in
|
|
ad-hoc or ap mode.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar interval
|
|
parameter is specified in TU's (1024 usecs).
|
|
By default beacon frames are transmitted every 100 TU's.
|
|
.It Cm bmissthreshold Ar count
|
|
Set the number of consecutive missed beacons at which the station
|
|
will attempt to roam (i.e., search for a new access point).
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar count
|
|
parameter must be in the range 1 to 255; though the
|
|
upper bound may be reduced according to device capabilities.
|
|
The default threshold is 7 consecutive missed beacons; but
|
|
this may be overridden by the device driver.
|
|
Another name for the
|
|
.Cm bmissthreshold
|
|
parameter is
|
|
.Cm bmiss .
|
|
.It Cm bssid Ar address
|
|
Specify the MAC address of the access point to use when operating
|
|
as a station in a BSS network.
|
|
This overrides any automatic selection done by the system.
|
|
To disable a previously selected access point, supply
|
|
.Cm any , none ,
|
|
or
|
|
.Cm -
|
|
for the address.
|
|
This option is useful when more than one access point uses the same SSID.
|
|
Another name for the
|
|
.Cm bssid
|
|
parameter is
|
|
.Cm ap .
|
|
.It Cm burst
|
|
Enable packet bursting.
|
|
Packet bursting is a transmission technique whereby the wireless
|
|
medium is acquired once to send multiple frames and the interframe
|
|
spacing is reduced.
|
|
This technique can significantly increase throughput by reducing
|
|
transmission overhead.
|
|
Packet bursting is supported by the 802.11e QoS specification
|
|
and some devices that do not support QoS may still be capable.
|
|
By default packet bursting is enabled if a device is capable
|
|
of doing it.
|
|
To disable packet bursting, use
|
|
.Fl burst .
|
|
.It Cm chanlist Ar channels
|
|
Set the desired channels to use when scanning for access
|
|
points, neighbors in an IBSS network, or looking for unoccupied
|
|
channels when operating as an access point.
|
|
The set of channels is specified as a comma-separated list with
|
|
each element in the list representing either a single channel number or a range
|
|
of the form
|
|
.Dq Li a-b .
|
|
Channel numbers must be in the range 1 to 255 and be permissible
|
|
according to the operating characteristics of the device.
|
|
.It Cm channel Ar number
|
|
Set a single desired channel.
|
|
Channels range from 1 to 255, but the exact selection available
|
|
depends on the region your adaptor was manufactured for.
|
|
Setting
|
|
the channel to
|
|
.Li any ,
|
|
or
|
|
.Cm -
|
|
will clear any desired channel and, if the device is marked up,
|
|
force a scan for a channel to operate on.
|
|
Alternatively the frequency, in megahertz, may be specified
|
|
instead of the channel number.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
When there are several ways to use a channel the channel
|
|
number/frequency may be appended with attributes to clarify.
|
|
For example, if a device is capable of operating on channel 6
|
|
with 802.11n and 802.11g then one can specify that g-only use
|
|
should be used by specifying ``6:g''.
|
|
Similarly the channel width can be specified by appending it
|
|
with ``/''; e.g., ``6/40'' specifies a 40MHz wide channel,
|
|
These attributes can be combined as in: ``6:ht/40''.
|
|
The full set of flags specified following a ``:'' are:
|
|
.Cm a
|
|
(802.11a),
|
|
.Cm b
|
|
(802.11b),
|
|
.Cm d
|
|
(Atheros Dynamic Turbo mode),
|
|
.Cm g
|
|
(802.11g),
|
|
.Cm h
|
|
or
|
|
.Cm n
|
|
(802.11n aka HT),
|
|
.Cm s
|
|
(Atheros Static Turbo mode),
|
|
and
|
|
.Cm t
|
|
(Atheros Dynamic Turbo mode, or appended to ``st'' and ``dt'').
|
|
The full set of channel widths following a '/' are:
|
|
.Cm 5
|
|
(5MHz aka quarter-rate channel),
|
|
.Cm 10
|
|
(10MHz aka half-rate channel),
|
|
.Cm 20
|
|
(20MHz mostly for use in specifying ht20),
|
|
and
|
|
.Cm 40
|
|
(40MHz mostly for use in specifying ht40).
|
|
In addition,
|
|
a 40MHz HT channel specification may include the location
|
|
of the extension channel by appending ``+'' or ``-'' for above and below,
|
|
respectively; e.g., ``2437:ht/40+'' specifies 40MHz wide HT operation
|
|
with the center channel at frequency 2437 and the extension channel above.
|
|
.It Cm country Ar name
|
|
Set the country code to use in calculating the regulatory constraints
|
|
for operation.
|
|
In particular the set of available channels, how the wireless device
|
|
will operation on the channels, and the maximum transmit power that
|
|
can be used on a channel are defined by this setting.
|
|
Country/Region codes are specified as a 2-character abbreviation
|
|
defined by ISO 3166 or using a longer, but possibly ambiguous, spelling;
|
|
e.g., "ES" and "Spain".
|
|
The set of country codes are taken from
|
|
.Pa /etc/regdomain.xml
|
|
and can also
|
|
be viewed with the ``list countries'' request.
|
|
Note that not all devices support changing the country code from a default
|
|
setting; typically stored in EEPROM.
|
|
See also
|
|
.Cm regdomain ,
|
|
.Cm indoor ,
|
|
.Cm outdoor ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Cm anywhere .
|
|
.It Cm dfs
|
|
Enable Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) as specified in 802.11h.
|
|
DFS embodies several facilities including detection of overlapping
|
|
radar signals, dynamic transmit power control, and channel selection
|
|
according to a least-congested criteria.
|
|
DFS support is mandatory for some 5GHz frequencies in certain
|
|
locales (e.g., ETSI).
|
|
By default DFS is enabled according to the regulatory definitions
|
|
specified in
|
|
.Pa /etc/regdomain.xml
|
|
and the current country code, regdomain,
|
|
and channel.
|
|
Note the underlying device (and driver) must support radar detection
|
|
for full DFS support to work.
|
|
To be fully compliant with the local regulatory agency frequencies that
|
|
require DFS should not be used unless it is fully supported.
|
|
Use
|
|
.Fl dfs
|
|
to disable this functionality for testing.
|
|
.It Cm dotd
|
|
Enable support for the 802.11d specification (default).
|
|
When this support is enabled in station mode, beacon frames that advertise
|
|
a country code different than the currently configured country code will
|
|
cause an event to be dispatched to user applications.
|
|
This event can be used by the station to adopt that country code and
|
|
operate according to the associated regulatory constraints.
|
|
When operating as an access point with 802.11d enabled the beacon and
|
|
probe response frames transmitted will advertise the current regulatory
|
|
domain settings.
|
|
To disable 802.11d use
|
|
.Fl dotd .
|
|
.It Cm doth
|
|
Enable 802.11h support including spectrum management.
|
|
When 802.11h is enabled beacon and probe response frames will have
|
|
the SpectrumMgt bit set in the capabilities field and
|
|
country and power constraint information elements will be present.
|
|
802.11h support also includes handling Channel Switch Announcements (CSA)
|
|
which are a mechanism to coordinate channel changes by an access point.
|
|
By default 802.11h is enabled if the device is capable.
|
|
To disable 802.11h use
|
|
.Fl doth .
|
|
.It Cm deftxkey Ar index
|
|
Set the default key to use for transmission.
|
|
Typically this is only set when using WEP encryption.
|
|
Note that you must set a default transmit key
|
|
for the system to know which key to use in encrypting outbound traffic.
|
|
The
|
|
.Cm weptxkey
|
|
is an alias for this request; it is provided for backwards compatibility.
|
|
.It Cm dtimperiod Ar period
|
|
Set the
|
|
DTIM
|
|
period for transmitting buffered multicast data frames when
|
|
operating in ap mode.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar period
|
|
specifies the number of beacon intervals between DTIM
|
|
and must be in the range 1 to 15.
|
|
By default DTIM is 1 (i.e., DTIM occurs at each beacon).
|
|
.It Cm quiet
|
|
Enable the use of quiet IE.
|
|
Hostap will use this to silence other
|
|
stations to reduce interference for radar detection when
|
|
operating on 5GHz frequency and doth support is enabled.
|
|
Use
|
|
.Fl quiet
|
|
to disable this functionality.
|
|
.It Cm quiet_period Ar period
|
|
Set the QUIET
|
|
.Ar period
|
|
to the number of beacon intervals between the start of regularly
|
|
scheduled quiet intervals defined by Quiet element.
|
|
.It Cm quiet_count Ar count
|
|
Set the QUIET
|
|
.Ar count
|
|
to the number of TBTTs until the beacon interval during which the
|
|
next quiet interval shall start.
|
|
A value of 1 indicates the quiet
|
|
interval will start during the beacon interval starting at the next
|
|
TBTT.
|
|
A value 0 is reserved.
|
|
.It Cm quiet_offset Ar offset
|
|
Set the QUIET
|
|
.Ar offset
|
|
to the offset of the start of the quiet interval from the TBTT
|
|
specified by the Quiet count, expressed in TUs.
|
|
The value of the
|
|
.Ar offset
|
|
shall be less than one beacon interval.
|
|
.It Cm quiet_duration Ar dur
|
|
Set the QUIET
|
|
.Ar dur
|
|
to the duration of the Quiet interval, expressed in TUs.
|
|
The value should be less than beacon interval.
|
|
.It Cm dturbo
|
|
Enable the use of Atheros Dynamic Turbo mode when communicating with
|
|
another Dynamic Turbo-capable station.
|
|
Dynamic Turbo mode is an Atheros-specific mechanism by which
|
|
stations switch between normal 802.11 operation and a ``boosted''
|
|
mode in which a 40MHz wide channel is used for communication.
|
|
Stations using Dynamic Turbo mode operate boosted only when the
|
|
channel is free of non-dturbo stations; when a non-dturbo station
|
|
is identified on the channel all stations will automatically drop
|
|
back to normal operation.
|
|
By default, Dynamic Turbo mode is not enabled, even if the device is capable.
|
|
Note that turbo mode (dynamic or static) is only allowed on some
|
|
channels depending on the regulatory constraints; use the
|
|
.Cm list chan
|
|
command to identify the channels where turbo mode may be used.
|
|
To disable Dynamic Turbo mode use
|
|
.Fl dturbo .
|
|
.It Cm dwds
|
|
Enable Dynamic WDS (DWDS) support.
|
|
DWDS is a facility by which 4-address traffic can be carried between
|
|
stations operating in infrastructure mode.
|
|
A station first associates to an access point and authenticates using
|
|
normal procedures (e.g., WPA).
|
|
Then 4-address frames are passed to carry traffic for stations
|
|
operating on either side of the wireless link.
|
|
DWDS extends the normal WDS mechanism by leveraging existing security
|
|
protocols and eliminating static binding.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
When DWDS is enabled on an access point 4-address frames received from
|
|
an authorized station will generate a ``DWDS discovery'' event to user
|
|
applications.
|
|
This event should be used to create a WDS interface that is bound
|
|
to the remote station (and usually plumbed into a bridge).
|
|
Once the WDS interface is up and running 4-address traffic then logically
|
|
flows through that interface.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
When DWDS is enabled on a station, traffic with a destination address
|
|
different from the peer station are encapsulated in a 4-address frame
|
|
and transmitted to the peer.
|
|
All 4-address traffic uses the security information of the stations
|
|
(e.g., cryptographic keys).
|
|
A station is associated using 802.11n facilities may transport
|
|
4-address traffic using these same mechanisms; this depends on available
|
|
resources and capabilities of the device.
|
|
The DWDS implementation guards against layer 2 routing loops of
|
|
multicast traffic.
|
|
.It Cm ff
|
|
Enable the use of Atheros Fast Frames when communicating with
|
|
another Fast Frames-capable station.
|
|
Fast Frames are an encapsulation technique by which two 802.3
|
|
frames are transmitted in a single 802.11 frame.
|
|
This can noticeably improve throughput but requires that the
|
|
receiving station understand how to decapsulate the frame.
|
|
Fast frame use is negotiated using the Atheros 802.11 vendor-specific
|
|
protocol extension so enabling use is safe when communicating with
|
|
non-Atheros devices.
|
|
By default, use of fast frames is enabled if the device is capable.
|
|
To explicitly disable fast frames, use
|
|
.Fl ff .
|
|
.It Cm fragthreshold Ar length
|
|
Set the threshold for which transmitted frames are broken into fragments.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar length
|
|
argument is the frame size in bytes and must be in the range 256 to 2346.
|
|
Setting
|
|
.Ar length
|
|
to
|
|
.Li 2346 ,
|
|
.Cm any ,
|
|
or
|
|
.Cm -
|
|
disables transmit fragmentation.
|
|
Not all adapters honor the fragmentation threshold.
|
|
.It Cm hidessid
|
|
When operating as an access point, do not broadcast the SSID
|
|
in beacon frames or respond to probe request frames unless
|
|
they are directed to the ap (i.e., they include the ap's SSID).
|
|
By default, the SSID is included in beacon frames and
|
|
undirected probe request frames are answered.
|
|
To re-enable the broadcast of the SSID etc., use
|
|
.Fl hidessid .
|
|
.It Cm ht
|
|
Enable use of High Throughput (HT) when using 802.11n (default).
|
|
The 802.11n specification includes mechanisms for operation
|
|
on 20MHz and 40MHz wide channels using different signalling mechanisms
|
|
than specified in 802.11b, 802.11g, and 802.11a.
|
|
Stations negotiate use of these facilities, termed HT20 and HT40,
|
|
when they associate.
|
|
To disable all use of 802.11n use
|
|
.Fl ht .
|
|
To disable use of HT20 (e.g., to force only HT40 use) use
|
|
.Fl ht20 .
|
|
To disable use of HT40 use
|
|
.Fl ht40 .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
HT configuration is used to ``auto promote'' operation
|
|
when several choices are available.
|
|
For example, if a station associates to an 11n-capable access point
|
|
it controls whether the station uses legacy operation, HT20, or HT40.
|
|
When an 11n-capable device is setup as an access point and
|
|
Auto Channel Selection is used to locate a channel to operate on,
|
|
HT configuration controls whether legacy, HT20, or HT40 operation is setup
|
|
on the selected channel.
|
|
If a fixed channel is specified for a station then HT configuration can
|
|
be given as part of the channel specification; e.g., 6:ht/20 to setup
|
|
HT20 operation on channel 6.
|
|
.It Cm htcompat
|
|
Enable use of compatibility support for pre-802.11n devices (default).
|
|
The 802.11n protocol specification went through several incompatible iterations.
|
|
Some vendors implemented 11n support to older specifications that
|
|
will not interoperate with a purely 11n-compliant station.
|
|
In particular the information elements included in management frames
|
|
for old devices are different.
|
|
When compatibility support is enabled both standard and compatible data
|
|
will be provided.
|
|
Stations that associate using the compatibility mechanisms are flagged
|
|
in ``list sta''.
|
|
To disable compatibility support use
|
|
.Fl htcompat .
|
|
.It Cm htprotmode Ar technique
|
|
For interfaces operating in 802.11n, use the specified
|
|
.Ar technique
|
|
for protecting HT frames in a mixed legacy/HT network.
|
|
The set of valid techniques is
|
|
.Cm off ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Cm rts
|
|
(RTS/CTS, default).
|
|
Technique names are case insensitive.
|
|
.It Cm inact
|
|
Enable inactivity processing for stations associated to an
|
|
access point (default).
|
|
When operating as an access point the 802.11 layer monitors
|
|
the activity of each associated station.
|
|
When a station is inactive for 5 minutes it will send several
|
|
``probe frames'' to see if the station is still present.
|
|
If no response is received then the station is deauthenticated.
|
|
Applications that prefer to handle this work can disable this
|
|
facility by using
|
|
.Fl inact .
|
|
.It Cm indoor
|
|
Set the location to use in calculating regulatory constraints.
|
|
The location is also advertised in beacon and probe response frames
|
|
when 802.11d is enabled with
|
|
.Cm dotd .
|
|
See also
|
|
.Cm outdoor ,
|
|
.Cm anywhere ,
|
|
.Cm country ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Cm regdomain .
|
|
.It Cm list active
|
|
Display the list of channels available for use taking into account
|
|
any restrictions set with the
|
|
.Cm chanlist
|
|
directive.
|
|
See the description of
|
|
.Cm list chan
|
|
for more information.
|
|
.It Cm list caps
|
|
Display the adaptor's capabilities, including the operating
|
|
modes supported.
|
|
.It Cm list chan
|
|
Display the list of channels available for use.
|
|
Channels are shown with their IEEE channel number, equivalent
|
|
frequency, and usage modes.
|
|
Channels identified as
|
|
.Ql 11g
|
|
are also usable in
|
|
.Ql 11b
|
|
mode.
|
|
Channels identified as
|
|
.Ql 11a Turbo
|
|
may be used only for Atheros' Static Turbo mode
|
|
(specified with
|
|
. Cm mediaopt turbo ) .
|
|
Channels marked with a
|
|
.Ql *
|
|
have a regulatory constraint that they be passively scanned.
|
|
This means a station is not permitted to transmit on the channel until
|
|
it identifies the channel is being used for 802.11 communication;
|
|
typically by hearing a beacon frame from an access point operating
|
|
on the channel.
|
|
.Cm list freq
|
|
is another way of requesting this information.
|
|
By default a compacted list of channels is displayed; if the
|
|
.Fl v
|
|
option is specified then all channels are shown.
|
|
.It Cm list countries
|
|
Display the set of country codes and regulatory domains that can be
|
|
used in regulatory configuration.
|
|
.It Cm list mac
|
|
Display the current MAC Access Control List state.
|
|
Each address is prefixed with a character that indicates the
|
|
current policy applied to it:
|
|
.Ql +
|
|
indicates the address is allowed access,
|
|
.Ql -
|
|
indicates the address is denied access,
|
|
.Ql *
|
|
indicates the address is present but the current policy open
|
|
(so the ACL is not consulted).
|
|
.It Cm list mesh
|
|
Displays the mesh routing table, used for forwarding packets on a mesh
|
|
network.
|
|
.It Cm list regdomain
|
|
Display the current regulatory settings including the available channels
|
|
and transmit power caps.
|
|
.It Cm list roam
|
|
Display the parameters that govern roaming operation.
|
|
.It Cm list txparam
|
|
Display the parameters that govern transmit operation.
|
|
.It Cm list txpower
|
|
Display the transmit power caps for each channel.
|
|
.It Cm list scan
|
|
Display the access points and/or ad-hoc neighbors
|
|
located in the vicinity.
|
|
This information may be updated automatically by the adapter
|
|
with a
|
|
.Cm scan
|
|
request or through background scanning.
|
|
Depending on the capabilities of the stations the following
|
|
flags can be included in the output:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width 3n
|
|
.It Li A
|
|
Authorized.
|
|
Indicates that the station is permitted to send/receive data frames.
|
|
.It Li E
|
|
Extended Rate Phy (ERP).
|
|
Indicates that the station is operating in an 802.11g network
|
|
using extended transmit rates.
|
|
.It Li H
|
|
High Throughput (HT).
|
|
Indicates that the station is using HT transmit rates.
|
|
If a `+' follows immediately after then the station associated
|
|
using deprecated mechanisms supported only when
|
|
.Cm htcompat
|
|
is enabled.
|
|
.It Li P
|
|
Power Save.
|
|
Indicates that the station is operating in power save mode.
|
|
.It Li Q
|
|
Quality of Service (QoS).
|
|
Indicates that the station is using QoS encapsulation for
|
|
data frame.
|
|
QoS encapsulation is enabled only when WME mode is enabled.
|
|
.It Li S
|
|
Short Preamble.
|
|
Indicates that the station is doing short preamble to optionally
|
|
improve throughput performance with 802.11g and 802.11b.
|
|
.It Li T
|
|
Transitional Security Network (TSN).
|
|
Indicates that the station associated using TSN; see also
|
|
.Cm tsn
|
|
below.
|
|
.It Li W
|
|
Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS).
|
|
Indicates that the station associated using WPS.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
By default interesting information elements captured from the neighboring
|
|
stations are displayed at the end of each row.
|
|
Possible elements include:
|
|
.Cm WME
|
|
(station supports WME),
|
|
.Cm WPA
|
|
(station supports WPA),
|
|
.Cm WPS
|
|
(station supports WPS),
|
|
.Cm RSN
|
|
(station supports 802.11i/RSN),
|
|
.Cm HTCAP
|
|
(station supports 802.11n/HT communication),
|
|
.Cm ATH
|
|
(station supports Atheros protocol extensions),
|
|
.Cm VEN
|
|
(station supports unknown vendor-specific extensions).
|
|
If the
|
|
.Fl v
|
|
flag is used all the information elements and their
|
|
contents will be shown.
|
|
Specifying the
|
|
.Fl v
|
|
flag also enables display of long SSIDs.
|
|
The
|
|
.Cm list ap
|
|
command is another way of requesting this information.
|
|
.It Cm list sta
|
|
When operating as an access point display the stations that are
|
|
currently associated.
|
|
When operating in ad-hoc mode display stations identified as
|
|
neighbors in the IBSS.
|
|
When operating in mesh mode display stations identified as
|
|
neighbors in the MBSS.
|
|
When operating in station mode display the access point.
|
|
Capabilities advertised by the stations are described under
|
|
the
|
|
.Cm scan
|
|
request.
|
|
Depending on the capabilities of the stations the following
|
|
flags can be included in the output:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width 3n
|
|
.It Li A
|
|
Authorized.
|
|
Indicates that the station is permitted to send/receive data frames.
|
|
.It Li E
|
|
Extended Rate Phy (ERP).
|
|
Indicates that the station is operating in an 802.11g network
|
|
using extended transmit rates.
|
|
.It Li H
|
|
High Throughput (HT).
|
|
Indicates that the station is using HT transmit rates.
|
|
If a `+' follows immediately after then the station associated
|
|
using deprecated mechanisms supported only when
|
|
.Cm htcompat
|
|
is enabled.
|
|
.It Li P
|
|
Power Save.
|
|
Indicates that the station is operating in power save mode.
|
|
.It Li Q
|
|
Quality of Service (QoS).
|
|
Indicates that the station is using QoS encapsulation for
|
|
data frame.
|
|
QoS encapsulation is enabled only when WME mode is enabled.
|
|
.It Li S
|
|
Short Preamble.
|
|
Indicates that the station is doing short preamble to optionally
|
|
improve throughput performance with 802.11g and 802.11b.
|
|
.It Li T
|
|
Transitional Security Network (TSN).
|
|
Indicates that the station associated using TSN; see also
|
|
.Cm tsn
|
|
below.
|
|
.It Li W
|
|
Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS).
|
|
Indicates that the station associated using WPS.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
By default information elements received from associated stations
|
|
are displayed in a short form; the
|
|
.Fl v
|
|
flag causes this information to be displayed symbolically.
|
|
.It Cm list wme
|
|
Display the current channel parameters to use when operating in WME mode.
|
|
If the
|
|
.Fl v
|
|
option is specified then both channel and BSS parameters are displayed
|
|
for each AC (first channel, then BSS).
|
|
When WME mode is enabled for an adaptor this information will be
|
|
displayed with the regular status; this command is mostly useful
|
|
for examining parameters when WME mode is disabled.
|
|
See the description of the
|
|
.Cm wme
|
|
directive for information on the various parameters.
|
|
.It Cm maxretry Ar count
|
|
Set the maximum number of tries to use in sending unicast frames.
|
|
The default setting is 6 but drivers may override this with a value
|
|
they choose.
|
|
.It Cm mcastrate Ar rate
|
|
Set the rate for transmitting multicast/broadcast frames.
|
|
Rates are specified as megabits/second in decimal; e.g.,\& 5.5 for 5.5 Mb/s.
|
|
This rate should be valid for the current operating conditions;
|
|
if an invalid rate is specified drivers are free to chose an
|
|
appropriate rate.
|
|
.It Cm mgtrate Ar rate
|
|
Set the rate for transmitting management and/or control frames.
|
|
Rates are specified as megabits/second in decimal; e.g.,\& 5.5 for 5.5 Mb/s.
|
|
.It Cm outdoor
|
|
Set the location to use in calculating regulatory constraints.
|
|
The location is also advertised in beacon and probe response frames
|
|
when 802.11d is enabled with
|
|
.Cm dotd .
|
|
See also
|
|
.Cm anywhere ,
|
|
.Cm country ,
|
|
.Cm indoor ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Cm regdomain .
|
|
.It Cm powersave
|
|
Enable powersave operation.
|
|
When operating as a client, the station will conserve power by
|
|
periodically turning off the radio and listening for
|
|
messages from the access point telling it there are packets waiting.
|
|
The station must then retrieve the packets.
|
|
Not all devices support power save operation as a client.
|
|
The 802.11 specification requires that all access points support
|
|
power save but some drivers do not.
|
|
Use
|
|
.Fl powersave
|
|
to disable powersave operation when operating as a client.
|
|
.It Cm powersavesleep Ar sleep
|
|
Set the desired max powersave sleep time in TU's (1024 usecs).
|
|
By default the max powersave sleep time is 100 TU's.
|
|
.It Cm protmode Ar technique
|
|
For interfaces operating in 802.11g, use the specified
|
|
.Ar technique
|
|
for protecting OFDM frames in a mixed 11b/11g network.
|
|
The set of valid techniques is
|
|
.Cm off , cts
|
|
(CTS to self),
|
|
and
|
|
.Cm rtscts
|
|
(RTS/CTS).
|
|
Technique names are case insensitive.
|
|
Not all devices support
|
|
.Cm cts
|
|
as a protection technique.
|
|
.It Cm pureg
|
|
When operating as an access point in 802.11g mode allow only
|
|
11g-capable stations to associate (11b-only stations are not
|
|
permitted to associate).
|
|
To allow both 11g and 11b-only stations to associate, use
|
|
.Fl pureg .
|
|
.It Cm puren
|
|
When operating as an access point in 802.11n mode allow only
|
|
HT-capable stations to associate (legacy stations are not
|
|
permitted to associate).
|
|
To allow both HT and legacy stations to associate, use
|
|
.Fl puren .
|
|
.It Cm regdomain Ar sku
|
|
Set the regulatory domain to use in calculating the regulatory constraints
|
|
for operation.
|
|
In particular the set of available channels, how the wireless device
|
|
will operation on the channels, and the maximum transmit power that
|
|
can be used on a channel are defined by this setting.
|
|
Regdomain codes (SKU's) are taken from
|
|
.Pa /etc/regdomain.xml
|
|
and can also
|
|
be viewed with the ``list countries'' request.
|
|
Note that not all devices support changing the regdomain from a default
|
|
setting; typically stored in EEPROM.
|
|
See also
|
|
.Cm country ,
|
|
.Cm indoor ,
|
|
.Cm outdoor ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Cm anywhere .
|
|
.It Cm rifs
|
|
Enable use of Reduced InterFrame Spacing (RIFS) when operating in 802.11n
|
|
on an HT channel.
|
|
Note that RIFS must be supported by both the station and access point
|
|
for it to be used.
|
|
To disable RIFS use
|
|
.Fl rifs .
|
|
.It Cm roam:rate Ar rate
|
|
Set the threshold for controlling roaming when operating in a BSS.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar rate
|
|
parameter specifies the transmit rate in megabits
|
|
at which roaming should be considered.
|
|
If the current transmit rate drops below this setting and background scanning
|
|
is enabled, then the system will check if a more desirable access point is
|
|
available and switch over to it.
|
|
The current scan cache contents are used if they are considered
|
|
valid according to the
|
|
.Cm scanvalid
|
|
parameter; otherwise a background scan operation is triggered before
|
|
any selection occurs.
|
|
Each channel type has a separate rate threshold; the default values are:
|
|
12 Mb/s (11a), 2 Mb/s (11b), 2 Mb/s (11g), MCS 1 (11na, 11ng).
|
|
.It Cm roam:rssi Ar rssi
|
|
Set the threshold for controlling roaming when operating in a BSS.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar rssi
|
|
parameter specifies the receive signal strength in dBm units
|
|
at which roaming should be considered.
|
|
If the current rssi drops below this setting and background scanning
|
|
is enabled, then the system will check if a more desirable access point is
|
|
available and switch over to it.
|
|
The current scan cache contents are used if they are considered
|
|
valid according to the
|
|
.Cm scanvalid
|
|
parameter; otherwise a background scan operation is triggered before
|
|
any selection occurs.
|
|
Each channel type has a separate rssi threshold; the default values are
|
|
all 7 dBm.
|
|
.It Cm roaming Ar mode
|
|
When operating as a station, control how the system will
|
|
behave when communication with the current access point
|
|
is broken.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar mode
|
|
argument may be one of
|
|
.Cm device
|
|
(leave it to the hardware device to decide),
|
|
.Cm auto
|
|
(handle either in the device or the operating system\[em]as appropriate),
|
|
.Cm manual
|
|
(do nothing until explicitly instructed).
|
|
By default, the device is left to handle this if it is
|
|
capable; otherwise, the operating system will automatically
|
|
attempt to reestablish communication.
|
|
Manual mode is used by applications such as
|
|
.Xr wpa_supplicant 8
|
|
that want to control the selection of an access point.
|
|
.It Cm rtsthreshold Ar length
|
|
Set the threshold for which
|
|
transmitted frames are preceded by transmission of an
|
|
RTS
|
|
control frame.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar length
|
|
argument
|
|
is the frame size in bytes and must be in the range 1 to 2346.
|
|
Setting
|
|
.Ar length
|
|
to
|
|
.Li 2346 ,
|
|
.Cm any ,
|
|
or
|
|
.Cm -
|
|
disables transmission of RTS frames.
|
|
Not all adapters support setting the RTS threshold.
|
|
.It Cm scan
|
|
Initiate a scan of neighboring stations, wait for it to complete, and
|
|
display all stations found.
|
|
Only the super-user can initiate a scan.
|
|
See
|
|
.Cm list scan
|
|
for information on the display.
|
|
By default a background scan is done; otherwise a foreground
|
|
scan is done and the station may roam to a different access point.
|
|
The
|
|
.Cm list scan
|
|
request can be used to show recent scan results without
|
|
initiating a new scan.
|
|
.It Cm scanvalid Ar threshold
|
|
Set the maximum time the scan cache contents are considered valid;
|
|
i.e., will be used without first triggering a scan operation to
|
|
refresh the data.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar threshold
|
|
parameter is specified in seconds and defaults to 60 seconds.
|
|
The minimum setting for
|
|
.Ar threshold
|
|
is 10 seconds.
|
|
One should take care setting this threshold; if it is set too low
|
|
then attempts to roam to another access point may trigger unnecessary
|
|
background scan operations.
|
|
.It Cm shortgi
|
|
Enable use of Short Guard Interval when operating in 802.11n
|
|
on an HT channel.
|
|
NB: this currently enables Short GI on both HT40 and HT20 channels.
|
|
To disable Short GI use
|
|
.Fl shortgi .
|
|
.It Cm smps
|
|
Enable use of Static Spatial Multiplexing Power Save (SMPS)
|
|
when operating in 802.11n.
|
|
A station operating with Static SMPS maintains only a single
|
|
receive chain active (this can significantly reduce power consumption).
|
|
To disable SMPS use
|
|
.Fl smps .
|
|
.It Cm smpsdyn
|
|
Enable use of Dynamic Spatial Multiplexing Power Save (SMPS)
|
|
when operating in 802.11n.
|
|
A station operating with Dynamic SMPS maintains only a single
|
|
receive chain active but switches to multiple receive chains when it
|
|
receives an RTS frame (this can significantly reduce power consumption).
|
|
Note that stations cannot distinguish between RTS/CTS intended to
|
|
enable multiple receive chains and those used for other purposes.
|
|
To disable SMPS use
|
|
.Fl smps .
|
|
.It Cm ssid Ar ssid
|
|
Set the desired Service Set Identifier (aka network name).
|
|
The SSID is a string up to 32 characters
|
|
in length and may be specified as either a normal string or in
|
|
hexadecimal when preceded by
|
|
.Ql 0x .
|
|
Additionally, the SSID may be cleared by setting it to
|
|
.Ql - .
|
|
.It Cm tdmaslot Ar slot
|
|
When operating with TDMA, use the specified
|
|
.Ar slot
|
|
configuration.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar slot
|
|
is a number between 0 and the maximum number of slots in the BSS.
|
|
Note that a station configured as slot 0 is a master and
|
|
will broadcast beacon frames advertising the BSS;
|
|
stations configured to use other slots will always
|
|
scan to locate a master before they ever transmit.
|
|
By default
|
|
.Cm tdmaslot
|
|
is set to 1.
|
|
.It Cm tdmaslotcnt Ar cnt
|
|
When operating with TDMA, setup a BSS with
|
|
.Ar cnt
|
|
slots.
|
|
The slot count may be at most 8.
|
|
The current implementation is only tested with two stations
|
|
(i.e., point to point applications).
|
|
This setting is only meaningful when a station is configured as slot 0;
|
|
other stations adopt this setting from the BSS they join.
|
|
By default
|
|
.Cm tdmaslotcnt
|
|
is set to 2.
|
|
.It Cm tdmaslotlen Ar len
|
|
When operating with TDMA, setup a BSS such that each station has a slot
|
|
.Ar len
|
|
microseconds long.
|
|
The slot length must be at least 150 microseconds (1/8 TU)
|
|
and no more than 65 milliseconds.
|
|
Note that setting too small a slot length may result in poor channel
|
|
bandwidth utilization due to factors such as timer granularity and
|
|
guard time.
|
|
This setting is only meaningful when a station is configured as slot 0;
|
|
other stations adopt this setting from the BSS they join.
|
|
By default
|
|
.Cm tdmaslotlen
|
|
is set to 10 milliseconds.
|
|
.It Cm tdmabintval Ar intval
|
|
When operating with TDMA, setup a BSS such that beacons are transmitted every
|
|
.Ar intval
|
|
superframes to synchronize the TDMA slot timing.
|
|
A superframe is defined as the number of slots times the slot length; e.g.,
|
|
a BSS with two slots of 10 milliseconds has a 20 millisecond superframe.
|
|
The beacon interval may not be zero.
|
|
A lower setting of
|
|
.Cm tdmabintval
|
|
causes the timers to be resynchronized more often; this can be help if
|
|
significant timer drift is observed.
|
|
By default
|
|
.Cm tdmabintval
|
|
is set to 5.
|
|
.It Cm tsn
|
|
When operating as an access point with WPA/802.11i allow legacy
|
|
stations to associate using static key WEP and open authentication.
|
|
To disallow legacy station use of WEP, use
|
|
.Fl tsn .
|
|
.It Cm txpower Ar power
|
|
Set the power used to transmit frames.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar power
|
|
argument is specified in .5 dBm units.
|
|
Out of range values are truncated.
|
|
Typically only a few discreet power settings are available and
|
|
the driver will use the setting closest to the specified value.
|
|
Not all adapters support changing the transmit power.
|
|
.It Cm ucastrate Ar rate
|
|
Set a fixed rate for transmitting unicast frames.
|
|
Rates are specified as megabits/second in decimal; e.g.,\& 5.5 for 5.5 Mb/s.
|
|
This rate should be valid for the current operating conditions;
|
|
if an invalid rate is specified drivers are free to chose an
|
|
appropriate rate.
|
|
.It Cm wepmode Ar mode
|
|
Set the desired WEP mode.
|
|
Not all adapters support all modes.
|
|
The set of valid modes is
|
|
.Cm off , on ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Cm mixed .
|
|
The
|
|
.Cm mixed
|
|
mode explicitly tells the adaptor to allow association with access
|
|
points which allow both encrypted and unencrypted traffic.
|
|
On these adapters,
|
|
.Cm on
|
|
means that the access point must only allow encrypted connections.
|
|
On other adapters,
|
|
.Cm on
|
|
is generally another name for
|
|
.Cm mixed .
|
|
Modes are case insensitive.
|
|
.It Cm weptxkey Ar index
|
|
Set the WEP key to be used for transmission.
|
|
This is the same as setting the default transmission key with
|
|
.Cm deftxkey .
|
|
.It Cm wepkey Ar key Ns | Ns Ar index : Ns Ar key
|
|
Set the selected WEP key.
|
|
If an
|
|
.Ar index
|
|
is not given, key 1 is set.
|
|
A WEP key will be either 5 or 13
|
|
characters (40 or 104 bits) depending on the local network and the
|
|
capabilities of the adaptor.
|
|
It may be specified either as a plain
|
|
string or as a string of hexadecimal digits preceded by
|
|
.Ql 0x .
|
|
For maximum portability, hex keys are recommended;
|
|
the mapping of text keys to WEP encryption is usually driver-specific.
|
|
In particular, the
|
|
.Tn Windows
|
|
drivers do this mapping differently to
|
|
.Fx .
|
|
A key may be cleared by setting it to
|
|
.Ql - .
|
|
If WEP is supported then there are at least four keys.
|
|
Some adapters support more than four keys.
|
|
If that is the case, then the first four keys
|
|
(1-4) will be the standard temporary keys and any others will be adaptor
|
|
specific keys such as permanent keys stored in NVRAM.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Note that you must set a default transmit key with
|
|
.Cm deftxkey
|
|
for the system to know which key to use in encrypting outbound traffic.
|
|
.It Cm wme
|
|
Enable Wireless Multimedia Extensions (WME) support, if available,
|
|
for the specified interface.
|
|
WME is a subset of the IEEE 802.11e standard to support the
|
|
efficient communication of realtime and multimedia data.
|
|
To disable WME support, use
|
|
.Fl wme .
|
|
Another name for this parameter is
|
|
.Cm wmm .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following parameters are meaningful only when WME support is in use.
|
|
Parameters are specified per-AC (Access Category) and
|
|
split into those that are used by a station when acting
|
|
as an access point and those for client stations in the BSS.
|
|
The latter are received from the access point and may not be changed
|
|
(at the station).
|
|
The following Access Categories are recognized:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width ".Cm AC_BK" -compact
|
|
.It Cm AC_BE
|
|
(or
|
|
.Cm BE )
|
|
best effort delivery,
|
|
.It Cm AC_BK
|
|
(or
|
|
.Cm BK )
|
|
background traffic,
|
|
.It Cm AC_VI
|
|
(or
|
|
.Cm VI )
|
|
video traffic,
|
|
.It Cm AC_VO
|
|
(or
|
|
.Cm VO )
|
|
voice traffic.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
AC parameters are case-insensitive.
|
|
Traffic classification is done in the operating system using the
|
|
vlan priority associated with data frames or the
|
|
ToS (Type of Service) indication in IP-encapsulated frames.
|
|
If neither information is present, traffic is assigned to the
|
|
Best Effort (BE) category.
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Cm ack Ar ac
|
|
Set the ACK policy for QoS transmissions by the local station;
|
|
this controls whether or not data frames transmitted by a station
|
|
require an ACK response from the receiving station.
|
|
To disable waiting for an ACK use
|
|
.Fl ack .
|
|
This parameter is applied only to the local station.
|
|
.It Cm acm Ar ac
|
|
Enable the Admission Control Mandatory (ACM) mechanism
|
|
for transmissions by the local station.
|
|
To disable the ACM use
|
|
.Fl acm .
|
|
On stations in a BSS this parameter is read-only and indicates
|
|
the setting received from the access point.
|
|
NB: ACM is not supported right now.
|
|
.It Cm aifs Ar ac Ar count
|
|
Set the Arbitration Inter Frame Spacing (AIFS)
|
|
channel access parameter to use for transmissions
|
|
by the local station.
|
|
On stations in a BSS this parameter is read-only and indicates
|
|
the setting received from the access point.
|
|
.It Cm cwmin Ar ac Ar count
|
|
Set the CWmin channel access parameter to use for transmissions
|
|
by the local station.
|
|
On stations in a BSS this parameter is read-only and indicates
|
|
the setting received from the access point.
|
|
.It Cm cwmax Ar ac Ar count
|
|
Set the CWmax channel access parameter to use for transmissions
|
|
by the local station.
|
|
On stations in a BSS this parameter is read-only and indicates
|
|
the setting received from the access point.
|
|
.It Cm txoplimit Ar ac Ar limit
|
|
Set the Transmission Opportunity Limit channel access parameter
|
|
to use for transmissions by the local station.
|
|
This parameter defines an interval of time when a WME station
|
|
has the right to initiate transmissions onto the wireless medium.
|
|
On stations in a BSS this parameter is read-only and indicates
|
|
the setting received from the access point.
|
|
.It Cm bss:aifs Ar ac Ar count
|
|
Set the AIFS channel access parameter to send to stations in a BSS.
|
|
This parameter is meaningful only when operating in ap mode.
|
|
.It Cm bss:cwmin Ar ac Ar count
|
|
Set the CWmin channel access parameter to send to stations in a BSS.
|
|
This parameter is meaningful only when operating in ap mode.
|
|
.It Cm bss:cwmax Ar ac Ar count
|
|
Set the CWmax channel access parameter to send to stations in a BSS.
|
|
This parameter is meaningful only when operating in ap mode.
|
|
.It Cm bss:txoplimit Ar ac Ar limit
|
|
Set the TxOpLimit channel access parameter to send to stations in a BSS.
|
|
This parameter is meaningful only when operating in ap mode.
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Cm wps
|
|
Enable Wireless Privacy Subscriber support.
|
|
Note that WPS support requires a WPS-capable supplicant.
|
|
To disable this function use
|
|
.Fl wps .
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following parameters support an optional access control list
|
|
feature available with some adapters when operating in ap mode; see
|
|
.Xr wlan_acl 4 .
|
|
This facility allows an access point to accept/deny association
|
|
requests based on the MAC address of the station.
|
|
Note that this feature does not significantly enhance security
|
|
as MAC address spoofing is easy to do.
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Cm mac:add Ar address
|
|
Add the specified MAC address to the database.
|
|
Depending on the policy setting association requests from the
|
|
specified station will be allowed or denied.
|
|
.It Cm mac:allow
|
|
Set the ACL policy to permit association only by
|
|
stations registered in the database.
|
|
.It Cm mac:del Ar address
|
|
Delete the specified MAC address from the database.
|
|
.It Cm mac:deny
|
|
Set the ACL policy to deny association only by
|
|
stations registered in the database.
|
|
.It Cm mac:kick Ar address
|
|
Force the specified station to be deauthenticated.
|
|
This typically is done to block a station after updating the
|
|
address database.
|
|
.It Cm mac:open
|
|
Set the ACL policy to allow all stations to associate.
|
|
.It Cm mac:flush
|
|
Delete all entries in the database.
|
|
.It Cm mac:radius
|
|
Set the ACL policy to permit association only by
|
|
stations approved by a RADIUS server.
|
|
Note that this feature requires the
|
|
.Xr hostapd 8
|
|
program be configured to do the right thing
|
|
as it handles the RADIUS processing
|
|
(and marks stations as authorized).
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following parameters are related to a wireless interface operating in mesh
|
|
mode:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Cm meshid Ar meshid
|
|
Set the desired Mesh Identifier.
|
|
The Mesh ID is a string up to 32 characters in length.
|
|
A mesh interface must have a Mesh Identifier specified
|
|
to reach an operational state.
|
|
.It Cm meshttl Ar ttl
|
|
Set the desired ``time to live'' for mesh forwarded packets;
|
|
this is the number of hops a packet may be forwarded before
|
|
it is discarded.
|
|
The default setting for
|
|
.Cm meshttl
|
|
is 31.
|
|
.It Cm meshpeering
|
|
Enable or disable peering with neighbor mesh stations.
|
|
Stations must peer before any data packets can be exchanged.
|
|
By default
|
|
.Cm meshpeering
|
|
is enabled.
|
|
.It Cm meshforward
|
|
Enable or disable forwarding packets by a mesh interface.
|
|
By default
|
|
.Cm meshforward
|
|
is enabled.
|
|
.It Cm meshgate
|
|
This attribute specifies whether or not the mesh STA activates mesh gate
|
|
announcements.
|
|
By default
|
|
.Cm meshgate
|
|
is disabled.
|
|
.It Cm meshmetric Ar protocol
|
|
Set the specified
|
|
.Ar protocol
|
|
as the link metric protocol used on a mesh network.
|
|
The default protocol is called
|
|
.Ar AIRTIME .
|
|
The mesh interface will restart after changing this setting.
|
|
.It Cm meshpath Ar protocol
|
|
Set the specified
|
|
.Ar protocol
|
|
as the path selection protocol used on a mesh network.
|
|
The only available protocol at the moment is called
|
|
.Ar HWMP
|
|
(Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol).
|
|
The mesh interface will restart after changing this setting.
|
|
.It Cm hwmprootmode Ar mode
|
|
Stations on a mesh network can operate as ``root nodes.''
|
|
Root nodes try to find paths to all mesh nodes and advertise themselves
|
|
regularly.
|
|
When there is a root mesh node on a network, other mesh nodes can setup
|
|
paths between themselves faster because they can use the root node
|
|
to find the destination.
|
|
This path may not be the best, but on-demand
|
|
routing will eventually find the best path.
|
|
The following modes are recognized:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width ".Cm PROACTIVE" -compact
|
|
.It Cm DISABLED
|
|
Disable root mode.
|
|
.It Cm NORMAL
|
|
Send broadcast path requests every two seconds.
|
|
Nodes on the mesh without a path to this root mesh station with try to
|
|
discover a path to us.
|
|
.It Cm PROACTIVE
|
|
Send broadcast path requests every two seconds and every node must reply
|
|
with a path reply even if it already has a path to this root mesh station.
|
|
.It Cm RANN
|
|
Send broadcast root announcement (RANN) frames.
|
|
Nodes on the mesh without a path to this root mesh station with try to
|
|
discover a path to us.
|
|
.El
|
|
By default
|
|
.Cm hwmprootmode
|
|
is set to
|
|
.Ar DISABLED .
|
|
.It Cm hwmpmaxhops Ar cnt
|
|
Set the maximum number of hops allowed in an HMWP path to
|
|
.Ar cnt .
|
|
The default setting for
|
|
.Cm hwmpmaxhops
|
|
is 31.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following parameters are for compatibility with other systems:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Cm nwid Ar ssid
|
|
Another name for the
|
|
.Cm ssid
|
|
parameter.
|
|
Included for
|
|
.Nx
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
.It Cm stationname Ar name
|
|
Set the name of this station.
|
|
The station name is not part of the IEEE 802.11
|
|
protocol though some interfaces support it.
|
|
As such it only
|
|
seems to be meaningful to identical or virtually identical equipment.
|
|
Setting the station name is identical in syntax to setting the SSID.
|
|
One can also use
|
|
.Cm station
|
|
for
|
|
.Bsx
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
.It Cm wep
|
|
Another way of saying
|
|
.Cm wepmode on .
|
|
Included for
|
|
.Bsx
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
.It Fl wep
|
|
Another way of saying
|
|
.Cm wepmode off .
|
|
Included for
|
|
.Bsx
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
.It Cm nwkey key
|
|
Another way of saying:
|
|
.Dq Li "wepmode on weptxkey 1 wepkey 1:key wepkey 2:- wepkey 3:- wepkey 4:-" .
|
|
Included for
|
|
.Nx
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
.It Cm nwkey Xo
|
|
.Sm off
|
|
.Ar n : k1 , k2 , k3 , k4
|
|
.Sm on
|
|
.Xc
|
|
Another way of saying
|
|
.Dq Li "wepmode on weptxkey n wepkey 1:k1 wepkey 2:k2 wepkey 3:k3 wepkey 4:k4" .
|
|
Included for
|
|
.Nx
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
.It Fl nwkey
|
|
Another way of saying
|
|
.Cm wepmode off .
|
|
Included for
|
|
.Nx
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following parameters are specific to bridge interfaces:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Cm addm Ar interface
|
|
Add the interface named by
|
|
.Ar interface
|
|
as a member of the bridge.
|
|
The interface is put into promiscuous mode
|
|
so that it can receive every packet sent on the network.
|
|
.It Cm deletem Ar interface
|
|
Remove the interface named by
|
|
.Ar interface
|
|
from the bridge.
|
|
Promiscuous mode is disabled on the interface when
|
|
it is removed from the bridge.
|
|
.It Cm maxaddr Ar size
|
|
Set the size of the bridge address cache to
|
|
.Ar size .
|
|
The default is 2000 entries.
|
|
.It Cm timeout Ar seconds
|
|
Set the timeout of address cache entries to
|
|
.Ar seconds
|
|
seconds.
|
|
If
|
|
.Ar seconds
|
|
is zero, then address cache entries will not be expired.
|
|
The default is 1200 seconds.
|
|
.It Cm addr
|
|
Display the addresses that have been learned by the bridge.
|
|
.It Cm static Ar interface-name Ar address
|
|
Add a static entry into the address cache pointing to
|
|
.Ar interface-name .
|
|
Static entries are never aged out of the cache or re-placed, even if the
|
|
address is seen on a different interface.
|
|
.It Cm deladdr Ar address
|
|
Delete
|
|
.Ar address
|
|
from the address cache.
|
|
.It Cm flush
|
|
Delete all dynamically-learned addresses from the address cache.
|
|
.It Cm flushall
|
|
Delete all addresses, including static addresses, from the address cache.
|
|
.It Cm discover Ar interface
|
|
Mark an interface as a
|
|
.Dq discovering
|
|
interface.
|
|
When the bridge has no address cache entry
|
|
(either dynamic or static)
|
|
for the destination address of a packet,
|
|
the bridge will forward the packet to all
|
|
member interfaces marked as
|
|
.Dq discovering .
|
|
This is the default for all interfaces added to a bridge.
|
|
.It Cm -discover Ar interface
|
|
Clear the
|
|
.Dq discovering
|
|
attribute on a member interface.
|
|
For packets without the
|
|
.Dq discovering
|
|
attribute, the only packets forwarded on the interface are broadcast
|
|
or multicast packets and packets for which the destination address
|
|
is known to be on the interface's segment.
|
|
.It Cm learn Ar interface
|
|
Mark an interface as a
|
|
.Dq learning
|
|
interface.
|
|
When a packet arrives on such an interface, the source
|
|
address of the packet is entered into the address cache as being a
|
|
destination address on the interface's segment.
|
|
This is the default for all interfaces added to a bridge.
|
|
.It Cm -learn Ar interface
|
|
Clear the
|
|
.Dq learning
|
|
attribute on a member interface.
|
|
.It Cm sticky Ar interface
|
|
Mark an interface as a
|
|
.Dq sticky
|
|
interface.
|
|
Dynamically learned address entries are treated at static once entered into
|
|
the cache.
|
|
Sticky entries are never aged out of the cache or replaced, even if the
|
|
address is seen on a different interface.
|
|
.It Cm -sticky Ar interface
|
|
Clear the
|
|
.Dq sticky
|
|
attribute on a member interface.
|
|
.It Cm private Ar interface
|
|
Mark an interface as a
|
|
.Dq private
|
|
interface.
|
|
A private interface does not forward any traffic to any other port that is also
|
|
a private interface.
|
|
.It Cm -private Ar interface
|
|
Clear the
|
|
.Dq private
|
|
attribute on a member interface.
|
|
.It Cm span Ar interface
|
|
Add the interface named by
|
|
.Ar interface
|
|
as a span port on the bridge.
|
|
Span ports transmit a copy of every frame received by the bridge.
|
|
This is most useful for snooping a bridged network passively on
|
|
another host connected to one of the span ports of the bridge.
|
|
.It Cm -span Ar interface
|
|
Delete the interface named by
|
|
.Ar interface
|
|
from the list of span ports of the bridge.
|
|
.It Cm stp Ar interface
|
|
Enable Spanning Tree protocol on
|
|
.Ar interface .
|
|
The
|
|
.Xr if_bridge 4
|
|
driver has support for the IEEE 802.1D Spanning Tree protocol (STP).
|
|
Spanning Tree is used to detect and remove loops in a network topology.
|
|
.It Cm -stp Ar interface
|
|
Disable Spanning Tree protocol on
|
|
.Ar interface .
|
|
This is the default for all interfaces added to a bridge.
|
|
.It Cm edge Ar interface
|
|
Set
|
|
.Ar interface
|
|
as an edge port.
|
|
An edge port connects directly to end stations cannot create bridging
|
|
loops in the network, this allows it to transition straight to forwarding.
|
|
.It Cm -edge Ar interface
|
|
Disable edge status on
|
|
.Ar interface .
|
|
.It Cm autoedge Ar interface
|
|
Allow
|
|
.Ar interface
|
|
to automatically detect edge status.
|
|
This is the default for all interfaces added to a bridge.
|
|
.It Cm -autoedge Ar interface
|
|
Disable automatic edge status on
|
|
.Ar interface .
|
|
.It Cm ptp Ar interface
|
|
Set the
|
|
.Ar interface
|
|
as a point to point link.
|
|
This is required for straight transitions to forwarding and
|
|
should be enabled on a direct link to another RSTP capable switch.
|
|
.It Cm -ptp Ar interface
|
|
Disable point to point link status on
|
|
.Ar interface .
|
|
This should be disabled for a half duplex link and for an interface
|
|
connected to a shared network segment,
|
|
like a hub or a wireless network.
|
|
.It Cm autoptp Ar interface
|
|
Automatically detect the point to point status on
|
|
.Ar interface
|
|
by checking the full duplex link status.
|
|
This is the default for interfaces added to the bridge.
|
|
.It Cm -autoptp Ar interface
|
|
Disable automatic point to point link detection on
|
|
.Ar interface .
|
|
.It Cm maxage Ar seconds
|
|
Set the time that a Spanning Tree protocol configuration is valid.
|
|
The default is 20 seconds.
|
|
The minimum is 6 seconds and the maximum is 40 seconds.
|
|
.It Cm fwddelay Ar seconds
|
|
Set the time that must pass before an interface begins forwarding
|
|
packets when Spanning Tree is enabled.
|
|
The default is 15 seconds.
|
|
The minimum is 4 seconds and the maximum is 30 seconds.
|
|
.It Cm hellotime Ar seconds
|
|
Set the time between broadcasting of Spanning Tree protocol
|
|
configuration messages.
|
|
The hello time may only be changed when operating in legacy stp mode.
|
|
The default is 2 seconds.
|
|
The minimum is 1 second and the maximum is 2 seconds.
|
|
.It Cm priority Ar value
|
|
Set the bridge priority for Spanning Tree.
|
|
The default is 32768.
|
|
The minimum is 0 and the maximum is 61440.
|
|
.It Cm proto Ar value
|
|
Set the Spanning Tree protocol.
|
|
The default is rstp.
|
|
The available options are stp and rstp.
|
|
.It Cm holdcnt Ar value
|
|
Set the transmit hold count for Spanning Tree.
|
|
This is the number of packets transmitted before being rate limited.
|
|
The default is 6.
|
|
The minimum is 1 and the maximum is 10.
|
|
.It Cm ifpriority Ar interface Ar value
|
|
Set the Spanning Tree priority of
|
|
.Ar interface
|
|
to
|
|
.Ar value .
|
|
The default is 128.
|
|
The minimum is 0 and the maximum is 240.
|
|
.It Cm ifpathcost Ar interface Ar value
|
|
Set the Spanning Tree path cost of
|
|
.Ar interface
|
|
to
|
|
.Ar value .
|
|
The default is calculated from the link speed.
|
|
To change a previously selected path cost back to automatic, set the
|
|
cost to 0.
|
|
The minimum is 1 and the maximum is 200000000.
|
|
.It Cm ifmaxaddr Ar interface Ar size
|
|
Set the maximum number of hosts allowed from an interface, packets with unknown
|
|
source addresses are dropped until an existing host cache entry expires or is
|
|
removed.
|
|
Set to 0 to disable.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following parameters are specific to lagg interfaces:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Cm laggport Ar interface
|
|
Add the interface named by
|
|
.Ar interface
|
|
as a port of the aggregation interface.
|
|
.It Cm -laggport Ar interface
|
|
Remove the interface named by
|
|
.Ar interface
|
|
from the aggregation interface.
|
|
.It Cm laggproto Ar proto
|
|
Set the aggregation protocol.
|
|
The default is
|
|
.Li failover .
|
|
The available options are
|
|
.Li failover ,
|
|
.Li lacp ,
|
|
.Li loadbalance ,
|
|
.Li roundrobin ,
|
|
.Li broadcast
|
|
and
|
|
.Li none .
|
|
.It Cm lagghash Ar option Ns Oo , Ns Ar option Oc
|
|
Set the packet layers to hash for aggregation protocols which load balance.
|
|
The default is
|
|
.Dq l2,l3,l4 .
|
|
The options can be combined using commas.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -tag -width ".Cm l2" -compact
|
|
.It Cm l2
|
|
src/dst mac address and optional vlan number.
|
|
.It Cm l3
|
|
src/dst address for IPv4 or IPv6.
|
|
.It Cm l4
|
|
src/dst port for TCP/UDP/SCTP.
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Cm use_flowid
|
|
Enable local hash computation for RSS hash on the interface.
|
|
The
|
|
.Li loadbalance
|
|
and
|
|
.Li lacp
|
|
modes will use the RSS hash from the network card if available
|
|
to avoid computing one, this may give poor traffic distribution
|
|
if the hash is invalid or uses less of the protocol header information.
|
|
.Cm use_flowid
|
|
disables use of RSS hash from the network card.
|
|
The default value can be set via the
|
|
.Va net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid
|
|
.Xr sysctl 8
|
|
variable.
|
|
.Li 0
|
|
means
|
|
.Dq disabled
|
|
and
|
|
.Li 1
|
|
means
|
|
.Dq enabled .
|
|
.It Cm -use_flowid
|
|
Disable local hash computation for RSS hash on the interface.
|
|
.It Cm flowid_shift Ar number
|
|
Set a shift parameter for RSS local hash computation.
|
|
Hash is calculated by using flowid bits in a packet header mbuf
|
|
which are shifted by the number of this parameter.
|
|
.It Cm lacp_fast_timeout
|
|
Enable lacp fast-timeout on the interface.
|
|
.It Cm -lacp_fast_timeout
|
|
Disable lacp fast-timeout on the interface.
|
|
.It Cm lacp_strict
|
|
Enable lacp strict compliance on the interface.
|
|
The default value can be set via the
|
|
.Va net.link.lagg.lacp.default_strict_mode
|
|
.Xr sysctl 8
|
|
variable.
|
|
.Li 0
|
|
means
|
|
.Dq disabled
|
|
and
|
|
.Li 1
|
|
means
|
|
.Dq enabled .
|
|
.It Cm -lacp_strict
|
|
Disable lacp strict compliance on the interface.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following parameters apply to IP tunnel interfaces,
|
|
.Xr gif 4 :
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Cm tunnel Ar src_addr dest_addr
|
|
Configure the physical source and destination address for IP tunnel
|
|
interfaces.
|
|
The arguments
|
|
.Ar src_addr
|
|
and
|
|
.Ar dest_addr
|
|
are interpreted as the outer source/destination for the encapsulating
|
|
IPv4/IPv6 header.
|
|
.It Fl tunnel
|
|
Unconfigure the physical source and destination address for IP tunnel
|
|
interfaces previously configured with
|
|
.Cm tunnel .
|
|
.It Cm deletetunnel
|
|
Another name for the
|
|
.Fl tunnel
|
|
parameter.
|
|
.It Cm accept_rev_ethip_ver
|
|
Set a flag to accept both correct EtherIP packets and ones
|
|
with reversed version field.
|
|
Enabled by default.
|
|
This is for backward compatibility with
|
|
.Fx 6.1 ,
|
|
6.2, 6.3, 7.0, and 7.1.
|
|
.It Cm -accept_rev_ethip_ver
|
|
Clear a flag
|
|
.Cm accept_rev_ethip_ver .
|
|
.It Cm ignore_source
|
|
Set a flag to accept encapsulated packets destined to this host
|
|
independently from source address.
|
|
This may be useful for hosts, that receive encapsulated packets
|
|
from the load balancers.
|
|
.It Cm -ignore_source
|
|
Clear a flag
|
|
.Cm ignore_source .
|
|
.It Cm send_rev_ethip_ver
|
|
Set a flag to send EtherIP packets with reversed version
|
|
field intentionally.
|
|
Disabled by default.
|
|
This is for backward compatibility with
|
|
.Fx 6.1 ,
|
|
6.2, 6.3, 7.0, and 7.1.
|
|
.It Cm -send_rev_ethip_ver
|
|
Clear a flag
|
|
.Cm send_rev_ethip_ver .
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following parameters apply to GRE tunnel interfaces,
|
|
.Xr gre 4 :
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Cm tunnel Ar src_addr dest_addr
|
|
Configure the physical source and destination address for GRE tunnel
|
|
interfaces.
|
|
The arguments
|
|
.Ar src_addr
|
|
and
|
|
.Ar dest_addr
|
|
are interpreted as the outer source/destination for the encapsulating
|
|
IPv4/IPv6 header.
|
|
.It Fl tunnel
|
|
Unconfigure the physical source and destination address for GRE tunnel
|
|
interfaces previously configured with
|
|
.Cm tunnel .
|
|
.It Cm deletetunnel
|
|
Another name for the
|
|
.Fl tunnel
|
|
parameter.
|
|
.It Cm grekey Ar key
|
|
Configure the GRE key to be used for outgoing packets.
|
|
Note that
|
|
.Xr gre 4 will always accept GRE packets with invalid or absent keys.
|
|
This command will result in a four byte MTU reduction on the interface.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following parameters are specific to
|
|
.Xr pfsync 4
|
|
interfaces:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Cm syncdev Ar iface
|
|
Use the specified interface
|
|
to send and receive pfsync state synchronisation messages.
|
|
.It Fl syncdev
|
|
Stop sending pfsync state synchronisation messages over the network.
|
|
.It Cm syncpeer Ar peer_address
|
|
Make the pfsync link point-to-point rather than using
|
|
multicast to broadcast the state synchronisation messages.
|
|
The peer_address is the IP address of the other host taking part in
|
|
the pfsync cluster.
|
|
.It Fl syncpeer
|
|
Broadcast the packets using multicast.
|
|
.It Cm maxupd Ar n
|
|
Set the maximum number of updates for a single state which
|
|
can be collapsed into one.
|
|
This is an 8-bit number; the default value is 128.
|
|
.It Cm defer
|
|
Defer transmission of the first packet in a state until a peer has
|
|
acknowledged that the associated state has been inserted.
|
|
.It Fl defer
|
|
Do not defer the first packet in a state.
|
|
This is the default.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following parameters are specific to
|
|
.Xr vlan 4
|
|
interfaces:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Cm vlan Ar vlan_tag
|
|
Set the VLAN tag value to
|
|
.Ar vlan_tag .
|
|
This value is a 12-bit VLAN Identifier (VID) which is used to create an 802.1Q
|
|
VLAN header for packets sent from the
|
|
.Xr vlan 4
|
|
interface.
|
|
Note that
|
|
.Cm vlan
|
|
and
|
|
.Cm vlandev
|
|
must both be set at the same time.
|
|
.It Cm vlanpcp Ar priority_code_point
|
|
Priority code point
|
|
.Pq Dv PCP
|
|
is an 3-bit field which refers to the IEEE 802.1p
|
|
class of service and maps to the frame priority level.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Values in order of priority are:
|
|
.Cm 1
|
|
.Pq Dv Background (lowest) ,
|
|
.Cm 0
|
|
.Pq Dv Best effort (default) ,
|
|
.Cm 2
|
|
.Pq Dv Excellent effort ,
|
|
.Cm 3
|
|
.Pq Dv Critical applications ,
|
|
.Cm 4
|
|
.Pq Dv Video, < 100ms latency ,
|
|
.Cm 5
|
|
.Pq Dv Video, < 10ms latency ,
|
|
.Cm 6
|
|
.Pq Dv Internetwork control ,
|
|
.Cm 7
|
|
.Pq Dv Network control (highest) .
|
|
.It Cm vlandev Ar iface
|
|
Associate the physical interface
|
|
.Ar iface
|
|
with a
|
|
.Xr vlan 4
|
|
interface.
|
|
Packets transmitted through the
|
|
.Xr vlan 4
|
|
interface will be
|
|
diverted to the specified physical interface
|
|
.Ar iface
|
|
with 802.1Q VLAN encapsulation.
|
|
Packets with 802.1Q encapsulation received
|
|
by the parent interface with the correct VLAN Identifier will be diverted to
|
|
the associated
|
|
.Xr vlan 4
|
|
pseudo-interface.
|
|
The
|
|
.Xr vlan 4
|
|
interface is assigned a
|
|
copy of the parent interface's flags and the parent's Ethernet address.
|
|
The
|
|
.Cm vlandev
|
|
and
|
|
.Cm vlan
|
|
must both be set at the same time.
|
|
If the
|
|
.Xr vlan 4
|
|
interface already has
|
|
a physical interface associated with it, this command will fail.
|
|
To
|
|
change the association to another physical interface, the existing
|
|
association must be cleared first.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Note: if the hardware tagging capability
|
|
is set on the parent interface, the
|
|
.Xr vlan 4
|
|
pseudo
|
|
interface's behavior changes:
|
|
the
|
|
.Xr vlan 4
|
|
interface recognizes that the
|
|
parent interface supports insertion and extraction of VLAN tags on its
|
|
own (usually in firmware) and that it should pass packets to and from
|
|
the parent unaltered.
|
|
.It Fl vlandev Op Ar iface
|
|
If the driver is a
|
|
.Xr vlan 4
|
|
pseudo device, disassociate the parent interface from it.
|
|
This breaks the link between the
|
|
.Xr vlan 4
|
|
interface and its parent,
|
|
clears its VLAN Identifier, flags and its link address and shuts the interface
|
|
down.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ar iface
|
|
argument is useless and hence deprecated.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following parameters are used to configure
|
|
.Xr vxlan 4
|
|
interfaces.
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Cm vxlanid Ar identifier
|
|
This value is a 24-bit VXLAN Network Identifier (VNI) that identifies the
|
|
virtual network segment membership of the interface.
|
|
.It Cm vxlanlocal Ar address
|
|
The source address used in the encapsulating IPv4/IPv6 header.
|
|
The address should already be assigned to an existing interface.
|
|
When the interface is configured in unicast mode, the listening socket
|
|
is bound to this address.
|
|
.It Cm vxlanremote Ar address
|
|
The interface can be configured in a unicast, or point-to-point, mode
|
|
to create a tunnel between two hosts.
|
|
This is the IP address of the remote end of the tunnel.
|
|
.It Cm vxlangroup Ar address
|
|
The interface can be configured in a multicast mode
|
|
to create a virtual network of hosts.
|
|
This is the IP multicast group address the interface will join.
|
|
.It Cm vxlanlocalport Ar port
|
|
The port number the interface will listen on.
|
|
The default port number is 4789.
|
|
.It Cm vxlanremoteport Ar port
|
|
The destination port number used in the encapsulating IPv4/IPv6 header.
|
|
The remote host should be listening on this port.
|
|
The default port number is 4789.
|
|
Note some other implementations, such as Linux,
|
|
do not default to the IANA assigned port,
|
|
but instead listen on port 8472.
|
|
.It Cm vxlanportrange Ar low high
|
|
The range of source ports used in the encapsulating IPv4/IPv6 header.
|
|
The port selected within the range is based on a hash of the inner frame.
|
|
A range is useful to provide entropy within the outer IP header
|
|
for more effective load balancing.
|
|
The default range is between the
|
|
.Xr sysctl 8
|
|
variables
|
|
.Va net.inet.ip.portrange.first
|
|
and
|
|
.Va net.inet.ip.portrange.last
|
|
.It Cm vxlantimeout Ar timeout
|
|
The maximum time, in seconds, before an entry in the forwarding table
|
|
is pruned.
|
|
The default is 1200 seconds (20 minutes).
|
|
.It Cm vxlanmaxaddr Ar max
|
|
The maximum number of entries in the forwarding table.
|
|
The default is 2000.
|
|
.It Cm vxlandev Ar dev
|
|
When the interface is configured in multicast mode, the
|
|
.Cm dev
|
|
interface is used to transmit IP multicast packets.
|
|
.It Cm vxlanttl Ar ttl
|
|
The TTL used in the encapsulating IPv4/IPv6 header.
|
|
The default is 64.
|
|
.It Cm vxlanlearn
|
|
The source IP address and inner source Ethernet MAC address of
|
|
received packets are used to dynamically populate the forwarding table.
|
|
When in multicast mode, an entry in the forwarding table allows the
|
|
interface to send the frame directly to the remote host instead of
|
|
broadcasting the frame to the multicast group.
|
|
This is the default.
|
|
.It Fl vxlanlearn
|
|
The forwarding table is not populated by received packets.
|
|
.It Cm vxlanflush
|
|
Delete all dynamically-learned addresses from the forwarding table.
|
|
.It Cm vxlanflushall
|
|
Delete all addresses, including static addresses, from the forwarding table.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following parameters are used to configure
|
|
.Xr carp 4
|
|
protocol on an interface:
|
|
.Bl -tag -width indent
|
|
.It Cm vhid Ar n
|
|
Set the virtual host ID.
|
|
This is a required setting to initiate
|
|
.Xr carp 4 .
|
|
If the virtual host ID does not exist yet, it is created and attached to the
|
|
interface, otherwise configuration of an existing vhid is adjusted.
|
|
If the
|
|
.Cm vhid
|
|
keyword is supplied along with an
|
|
.Dq inet6
|
|
or
|
|
.Dq inet
|
|
address, then this address is configured to be run under control of the
|
|
specified vhid.
|
|
Whenever a last address that refers to a particular vhid is removed from an
|
|
interface, the vhid is automatically removed from interface and destroyed.
|
|
Any other configuration parameters for the
|
|
.Xr carp 4
|
|
protocol should be supplied along with the
|
|
.Cm vhid
|
|
keyword.
|
|
Acceptable values for vhid are 1 to 255.
|
|
.It Cm advbase Ar seconds
|
|
Specifies the base of the advertisement interval in seconds.
|
|
The acceptable values are 1 to 255.
|
|
The default value is 1.
|
|
.It Cm advskew Ar interval
|
|
Specifies the skew to add to the base advertisement interval to
|
|
make one host advertise slower than another host.
|
|
It is specified in 1/256 of seconds.
|
|
The acceptable values are 1 to 254.
|
|
The default value is 0.
|
|
.It Cm pass Ar phrase
|
|
Set the authentication key to
|
|
.Ar phrase .
|
|
.It Cm state Ar MASTER|BACKUP
|
|
Forcibly change state of a given vhid.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
utility displays the current configuration for a network interface
|
|
when no optional parameters are supplied.
|
|
If a protocol family is specified,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will report only the details specific to that protocol family.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the
|
|
.Fl m
|
|
flag is passed before an interface name,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will display the capability list and all
|
|
of the supported media for the specified interface.
|
|
If
|
|
.Fl L
|
|
flag is supplied, address lifetime is displayed for IPv6 addresses,
|
|
as time offset string.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Optionally, the
|
|
.Fl a
|
|
flag may be used instead of an interface name.
|
|
This flag instructs
|
|
.Nm
|
|
to display information about all interfaces in the system.
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl d
|
|
flag limits this to interfaces that are down, and
|
|
.Fl u
|
|
limits this to interfaces that are up.
|
|
When no arguments are given,
|
|
.Fl a
|
|
is implied.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl l
|
|
flag may be used to list all available interfaces on the system, with
|
|
no other additional information.
|
|
If an
|
|
.Ar address_family
|
|
is specified, only interfaces of that type will be listed.
|
|
.Fl l Dq ether
|
|
will list only Ethernet adapters, excluding the loopback interface.
|
|
Use of this flag is mutually exclusive
|
|
with all other flags and commands, except for
|
|
.Fl d
|
|
(only list interfaces that are down)
|
|
and
|
|
.Fl u
|
|
(only list interfaces that are up).
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl v
|
|
flag may be used to get more verbose status for an interface.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl C
|
|
flag may be used to list all of the interface cloners available on
|
|
the system, with no additional information.
|
|
Use of this flag is mutually exclusive with all other flags and commands.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl k
|
|
flag causes keying information for the interface, if available, to be
|
|
printed.
|
|
For example, the values of 802.11 WEP keys and
|
|
.Xr carp 4
|
|
passphrases will be printed, if accessible to the current user.
|
|
This information is not printed by default, as it may be considered
|
|
sensitive.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the network interface driver is not present in the kernel then
|
|
.Nm
|
|
will attempt to load it.
|
|
The
|
|
.Fl n
|
|
flag disables this behavior.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Only the super-user may modify the configuration of a network interface.
|
|
.Sh EXAMPLES
|
|
Assign the IPv4 address
|
|
.Li 192.0.2.10 ,
|
|
with a network mask of
|
|
.Li 255.255.255.0 ,
|
|
to the interface
|
|
.Li fxp0 :
|
|
.Dl # ifconfig fxp0 inet 192.0.2.10 netmask 255.255.255.0
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Add the IPv4 address
|
|
.Li 192.0.2.45 ,
|
|
with the CIDR network prefix
|
|
.Li /28 ,
|
|
to the interface
|
|
.Li ed0 ,
|
|
using
|
|
.Cm add
|
|
as a synonym for the canonical form of the option
|
|
.Cm alias :
|
|
.Dl # ifconfig ed0 inet 192.0.2.45/28 add
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Remove the IPv4 address
|
|
.Li 192.0.2.45
|
|
from the interface
|
|
.Li ed0 :
|
|
.Dl # ifconfig ed0 inet 192.0.2.45 -alias
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Enable IPv6 functionality of the interface:
|
|
.Dl # ifconfig em0 inet6 -ifdisabled
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Add the IPv6 address
|
|
.Li 2001:DB8:DBDB::123/48
|
|
to the interface
|
|
.Li em0 :
|
|
.Dl # ifconfig em0 inet6 2001:db8:bdbd::123 prefixlen 48 alias
|
|
Note that lower case hexadecimal IPv6 addresses are acceptable.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Remove the IPv6 address added in the above example,
|
|
using the
|
|
.Li /
|
|
character as shorthand for the network prefix,
|
|
and using
|
|
.Cm delete
|
|
as a synonym for the canonical form of the option
|
|
.Fl alias :
|
|
.Dl # ifconfig em0 inet6 2001:db8:bdbd::123/48 delete
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Configure a single CARP redundant address on igb0, and then switch it
|
|
to be master:
|
|
.Dl # ifconfig igb0 vhid 1 10.0.0.1/24 pass foobar up
|
|
.Dl # ifconfig igb0 vhid 1 state master
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Configure the interface
|
|
.Li xl0 ,
|
|
to use 100baseTX, full duplex Ethernet media options:
|
|
.Dl # ifconfig xl0 media 100baseTX mediaopt full-duplex
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Label the em0 interface as an uplink:
|
|
.Dl # ifconfig em0 description \&"Uplink to Gigabit Switch 2\&"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Create the software network interface
|
|
.Li gif1 :
|
|
.Dl # ifconfig gif1 create
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Destroy the software network interface
|
|
.Li gif1 :
|
|
.Dl # ifconfig gif1 destroy
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Display available wireless networks using
|
|
.Li wlan0 :
|
|
.Dl # ifconfig wlan0 list scan
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Display inet and inet6 address subnet masks in CIDR notation
|
|
.Dl # ifconfig -f inet:cidr,inet6:cidr
|
|
.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
|
|
Messages indicating the specified interface does not exist, the
|
|
requested address is unknown, or the user is not privileged and
|
|
tried to alter an interface's configuration.
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr netstat 1 ,
|
|
.Xr carp 4 ,
|
|
.Xr gif 4 ,
|
|
.Xr netintro 4 ,
|
|
.Xr pfsync 4 ,
|
|
.Xr polling 4 ,
|
|
.Xr vlan 4 ,
|
|
.Xr vxlan 4 ,
|
|
.Xr devd.conf 5 ,
|
|
.\" .Xr eon 5 ,
|
|
.Xr devd 8 ,
|
|
.Xr jail 8 ,
|
|
.Xr rc 8 ,
|
|
.Xr routed 8 ,
|
|
.Xr sysctl 8
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
utility appeared in
|
|
.Bx 4.2 .
|
|
.Sh BUGS
|
|
Basic IPv6 node operation requires a link-local address on each
|
|
interface configured for IPv6.
|
|
Normally, such an address is automatically configured by the
|
|
kernel on each interface added to the system or enabled; this behavior may
|
|
be disabled by setting per-interface flag
|
|
.Cm -auto_linklocal .
|
|
The default value of this flag is 1 and can be disabled by using the sysctl
|
|
MIB variable
|
|
.Va net.inet6.ip6.auto_linklocal .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Do not configure IPv6 addresses with no link-local address by using
|
|
.Nm .
|
|
It can result in unexpected behaviors of the kernel.
|