1130b656e5
This will make a number of things easier in the future, as well as (finally!) avoiding the Id-smashing problem which has plagued developers for so long. Boy, I'm glad we're not using sup anymore. This update would have been insane otherwise.
181 lines
4.7 KiB
Groff
181 lines
4.7 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)ns.4 8.2 (Berkeley) 11/30/93
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd November 30, 1993
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.Dt NS 4
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.Os BSD 4.3
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm ns
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.Nd Xerox Network Systems(tm) protocol family
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm options NS
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.Nm options NSIP
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.Nm pseudo-device ns
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Tn NS
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protocol family is a collection of protocols
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layered atop the
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.Em Internet Datagram Protocol
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.Pq Tn IDP
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transport layer, and using the Xerox
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.Tn NS
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address formats.
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The
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.Tn NS
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family provides protocol support for the
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.Dv SOCK_STREAM , SOCK_DGRAM , SOCK_SEQPACKET ,
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and
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.Dv SOCK_RAW
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socket types; the
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.Dv SOCK_RAW
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interface is a debugging tool, allowing you to trace all packets
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entering, (or with toggling kernel variable, additionally leaving) the local
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host.
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.Sh ADDRESSING
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.Tn NS
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addresses are 12 byte quantities, consisting of a
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4 byte Network number, a 6 byte Host number and a 2 byte port number,
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all stored in network standard format.
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(on the
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.Tn VAX
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these are word and byte reversed; on the
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.Tn SUN
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they are not
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reversed). The include file
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.Aq Pa netns/ns.h
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defines the
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.Tn NS
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address as a structure containing unions (for quicker
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comparisons).
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.Pp
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Sockets in the Internet protocol family use the following
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addressing structure:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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struct sockaddr_ns {
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short sns_family;
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struct ns_addr sns_addr;
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char sns_zero[2];
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};
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.Ed
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.Pp
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where an
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.Ar ns_addr
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is composed as follows:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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union ns_host {
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u_char c_host[6];
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u_short s_host[3];
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};
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union ns_net {
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u_char c_net[4];
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u_short s_net[2];
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};
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struct ns_addr {
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union ns_net x_net;
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union ns_host x_host;
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u_short x_port;
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};
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.Ed
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.Pp
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Sockets may be created with an address of all zeroes to effect
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.Dq wildcard
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matching on incoming messages.
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The local port address specified in a
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.Xr bind 2
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call is restricted to be greater than
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.Dv NSPORT_RESERVED
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(=3000, in
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.Aq Pa netns/ns.h )
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unless the creating process is running
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as the super-user, providing a space of protected port numbers.
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.Sh PROTOCOLS
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The
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.Tn NS
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protocol family supported by the operating system
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is comprised of
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the Internet Datagram Protocol
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.Pq Tn IDP
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.Xr idp 4 ,
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Error Protocol (available through
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.Tn IDP ) ,
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and
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Sequenced Packet Protocol
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.Pq Tn SPP
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.Xr spp 4 .
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.Pp
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.Tn SPP
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is used to support the
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.Dv SOCK_STREAM
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and
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.Dv SOCK_SEQPACKET
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abstraction,
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while
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.Tn IDP
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is used to support the
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.Dv SOCK_DGRAM
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abstraction.
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The Error protocol is responded to by the kernel
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to handle and report errors in protocol processing;
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it is, however,
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only accessible to user programs through heroic actions.
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr byteorder 3 ,
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.Xr gethostbyname 3 ,
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.Xr getnetent 3 ,
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.Xr getprotoent 3 ,
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.Xr getservent 3 ,
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.Xr intro 3 ,
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.Xr ns 3 ,
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.Xr idp 4 ,
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.Xr intro 4 ,
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.Xr nsip 4 ,
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.Xr spp 4
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.Rs
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.%T "Internet Transport Protocols"
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.%R Xerox Corporation document XSIS
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.%N 028112
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.Re
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.Rs
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.%T "An Advanced 4.3 BSD Interprocess Communication Tutorial"
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.Re
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Nm
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protocol family
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appeared in
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.Bx 4.3 .
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