96b2533ed1
line with BSD/OS and Linux's username limits, making transitioning from either operating system a lot easier than it is now. I'm currently running with this change on my system, as are several others, and have experienced no ill effects. This is not for 2.2! This needs to get shaken out longer term in 3.0. Previously-approved-by: davidg
220 lines
5.2 KiB
Groff
220 lines
5.2 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1991, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
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.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" @(#)utmp.5 8.2 (Berkeley) 3/17/94
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.\"
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.Dd March 17, 1994
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.Dt UTMP 5
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.Os BSD 4
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm utmp ,
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.Nm wtmp ,
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.Nm lastlog
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.Nd login records
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Fd #include <sys/types.h>
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.Fd #include <utmp.h>
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The file
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.Aq Pa utmp.h
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declares the structures used to record information about current
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users in the file
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.Nm utmp ,
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logins and logouts in the file
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.Nm wtmp ,
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and last logins in the file
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.Nm lastlog .
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The time stamps of date changes, shutdowns and reboots are also logged in
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the
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.Nm wtmp
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file.
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.Pp
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These files can grow rapidly on busy systems, daily or weekly rotation
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is recommended.
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If any of these files do not exist, it is not created.
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These
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files must be created manually and are normally maintained in either the script
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.Pa /etc/daily
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or the script
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.Pa /etc/weekly .
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(See
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.Xr cron 8 . )
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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#define _PATH_UTMP "/var/run/utmp"
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#define _PATH_WTMP "/var/log/wtmp"
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#define _PATH_LASTLOG "/var/log/lastlog"
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#define UT_NAMESIZE 16
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#define UT_LINESIZE 8
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#define UT_HOSTSIZE 16
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struct lastlog {
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time_t ll_time;
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char ll_line[UT_LINESIZE];
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char ll_host[UT_HOSTSIZE];
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};
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struct utmp {
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char ut_line[UT_LINESIZE];
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char ut_name[UT_NAMESIZE];
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char ut_host[UT_HOSTSIZE];
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long ut_time;
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};
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.Ed
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.Pp
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Each time a user logs in, the
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.Xr login 1
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program looks up the user's
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.Tn UID
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in the file
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.Nm lastlog.
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If it is found, the timestamp of the last time the user logged
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in, the terminal line and the hostname
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are written to the standard output. (Providing the login is not
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.Em quiet ,
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see
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.Xr login 1 . )
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The
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.Nm login
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program then records the new login time in the file
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.Nm lastlog .
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.Pp
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After the new
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.Fa lastlog
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record is written ,
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.\" the
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.\" .Xr libutil 3
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.\" routine
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the file
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.Nm utmp
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is opened and the
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.Fa utmp
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record for the user inserted.
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This record remains there until
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the user logs out at which time it is deleted.
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The
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.Nm utmp
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file is used by the programs
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.Xr rwho 1 ,
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.Xr users 1 ,
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.Xr w 1 ,
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and
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.Xr who 1 .
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.Pp
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Next, the
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.Xr login
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program opens the file
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.Nm wtmp ,
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and appends the user's
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.Fa utmp
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record.
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The same
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.Fa utmp
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record, with an updated time stamp is later appended
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to the file when the user logs out. (See
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.Xr init 8 . )
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The
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.Nm wtmp
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file is used by the programs
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.Xr last 1
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and
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.Xr ac 8 .
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.Pp
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In the event of a date change, a shutdown or reboot, the
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following items are logged in the
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.Nm wtmp
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file.
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width shutdownxx -compact
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.It Li reboot
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.It Li shutdown
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A system reboot or shutdown has been initiated.
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The character
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.Ql \&~
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is placed in the field
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.Fa ut_line ,
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and
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.Li reboot
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or
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.Li shutdown
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in the field
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.Fa ut_name .
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(See
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.Xr shutdown 8
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and
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.Xr reboot 8 . )
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.Pp
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.It Li date
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The system time has been manually or automatically updated.
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(See
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.Xr date 1 . )
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The command name
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.Xr date
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is recorded in the field
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.Fa ut_name .
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In the field
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.Fa ut_line ,
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the character
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.Ql \\*(Ba
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indicates the time prior to the change, and the character
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.Ql \&{
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indicates the new time.
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.El
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width /var/log/lastlog -compact
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.It Pa /var/run/utmp
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The
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.Nm utmp file.
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.It Pa /var/log/wtmp
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The
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.Nm wtmp file.
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.It Pa /var/log/lastlog
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The
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.Nm lastlog file.
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr last 1 ,
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.Xr login 1 ,
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.Xr who 1 ,
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.Xr ac 8 ,
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.Xr init 8
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.Sh HISTORY
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A
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.Nm utmp
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and
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.Nm wtmp
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file format appeared in
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.At v6 .
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The
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.Nm lastlog
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file format appeared in
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.Bx 3.0 .
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