381 lines
8.7 KiB
Groff
381 lines
8.7 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1987, 1990, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" From: @(#)install.1 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd January 18, 2013
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.Dt INSTALL 1
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm install
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.Nd install binaries
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Nm
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.Op Fl bCcpSsUv
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.Op Fl B Ar suffix
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.Op Fl D Ar destdir
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.Op Fl f Ar flags
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.Op Fl g Ar group
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.Op Fl h Ar hash
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.Op Fl l Ar linkflags
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.Op Fl M Ar metalog
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.Op Fl m Ar mode
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.Op Fl N Ar dbdir
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.Op Fl o Ar owner
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.Op Fl T Ar tags
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.Ar file1 file2
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.Nm
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.Op Fl bCcpSsUv
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.Op Fl B Ar suffix
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.Op Fl D Ar destdir
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.Op Fl f Ar flags
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.Op Fl g Ar group
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.Op Fl h Ar hash
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.Op Fl l Ar linkflags
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.Op Fl M Ar metalog
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.Op Fl m Ar mode
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.Op Fl N Ar dbdir
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.Op Fl o Ar owner
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.Op Fl T Ar tags
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.Ar file1 ... fileN directory
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.Nm
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.Fl d
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.Op Fl Uv
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.Op Fl D Ar destdir
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.Op Fl g Ar group
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.Op Fl h Ar hash
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.Op Fl M Ar metalog
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.Op Fl m Ar mode
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.Op Fl N Ar dbdir
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.Op Fl o Ar owner
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.Op Fl T Ar tags
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.Ar directory ...
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The file(s) are copied
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(or linked if the
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.Fl l
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option is specified) to the target file or directory.
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If the destination is a directory, then the
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.Ar file
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is copied into
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.Ar directory
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with its original filename.
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If the target file already exists, it is
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either renamed to
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.Ar file Ns Pa .old
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if the
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.Fl b
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option is given
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or overwritten
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if permissions allow.
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An alternate backup suffix may be specified via the
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.Fl B
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option's argument.
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.Pp
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The options are as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Fl b
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Back up any existing files before overwriting them by renaming
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them to
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.Ar file Ns Pa .old .
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See
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.Fl B
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for specifying a different backup suffix.
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.It Fl B Ar suffix
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Use
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.Ar suffix
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as the backup suffix if
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.Fl b
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is given.
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.It Fl C
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Copy the file.
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If the target file already exists and the files are the same,
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then do not change the modification time of the target.
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If the target's file flags and mode need not to be changed,
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the target's inode change time is also unchanged.
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.It Fl c
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Copy the file.
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This is actually the default.
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The
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.Fl c
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option is only included for backwards compatibility.
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.It Fl D Ar destdir
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Specify the
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.Ev DESTDIR
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(top of the file hierarchy) that the items are installed in to.
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If
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.Fl M Ar metalog
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is in use, a leading string of
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.Dq Ar destdir
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will be removed from the file names logged to the
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.Ar metalog .
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This option does not affect where the actual files are installed.
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.It Fl d
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Create directories.
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Missing parent directories are created as required.
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.It Fl f
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Specify the target's file flags; see
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.Xr chflags 1
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for a list of possible flags and their meanings.
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.It Fl g
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Specify a group.
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A numeric GID is allowed.
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.It Fl h Ar hash
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When copying, calculate the digest of the files with
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.Ar hash
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to store in the
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.Fl M Ar metalog .
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When
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.Fl d
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is given no hash is emitted.
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Supported digests:
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.Bl -tag -width rmd160 -offset indent
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.It Sy none
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No hash.
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This is the default.
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.It Sy md5
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The MD5 cryptographic message digest.
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.It Sy rmd160
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The RMD-160 cryptographic message digest.
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.It Sy sha1
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The SHA-1 cryptographic message digest.
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.It Sy sha256
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The 256-bits
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.Tn SHA-2
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cryptographic message digest of the file.
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.It Sy sha512
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The 512-bits
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.Tn SHA-2
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cryptographic message digest of the file.
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.El
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.It Fl l Ar linkflags
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Instead of copying the file make a link to the source.
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The type of the link is determined by the
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.Ar linkflags
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argument.
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Valid
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.Ar linkflags
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are:
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.Ar a
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(absolute),
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.Ar r
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(relative),
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.Ar h
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(hard),
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.Ar s
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(symbolic),
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.Ar m
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(mixed).
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Absolute and relative have effect only for symbolic links.
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Mixed links
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are hard links for files on the same filesystem, symbolic otherwise.
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.It Fl M Ar metalog
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Write the metadata associated with each item installed to
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.Ar metalog
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in an
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.Xr mtree 8
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.Dq full path
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specification line.
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The metadata includes: the file name and file type, and depending upon
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other options, the owner, group, file flags, modification time, and tags.
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.It Fl m
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Specify an alternate mode.
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The default mode is set to rwxr-xr-x (0755).
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The specified mode may be either an octal or symbolic value; see
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.Xr chmod 1
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for a description of possible mode values.
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.It Fl N
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Use the user database text file
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.Pa master.passwd
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and group database text file
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.Pa group
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from
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.Ar dbdir ,
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rather than using the results from the system's
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.Xr getpwnam 3
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and
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.Xr getgrnam 3
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(and related) library calls.
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.It Fl o
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Specify an owner.
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A numeric UID is allowed.
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.It Fl p
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Preserve the access and modification times.
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Copy the file, as if the
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.Fl C
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(compare and copy) option is specified,
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except if the target file does not already exist or is different,
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then preserve the access and modification times of the source file.
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.It Fl S
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Safe copy.
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Normally,
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.Nm
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unlinks an existing target before installing the new file.
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With the
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.Fl S
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flag a temporary file is used and then renamed to be
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the target.
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The reason this is safer is that if the copy or
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rename fails, the existing target is left untouched.
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.It Fl s
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.Nm
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exec's the command
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.Xr strip 1
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to strip binaries so that
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.Nm
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can be portable over a large
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number of systems and binary types.
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See below for how
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.Nm
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can be instructed to use another program to strip binaries.
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.It Fl T Ar tags
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Specify the
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.Xr mtree 8
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tags to write out for the file when using
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.Fl M Ar metalog .
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.It Fl U
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Indicate that install is running unprivileged, and that it should not
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try to change the owner, the group, or the file flags of the destination.
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The information that would have been updated can be stored in a log
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file with
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.Fl M Ar metalog .
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.It Fl v
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Cause
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.Nm
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to be verbose,
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showing files as they are installed or backed up.
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.El
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.Pp
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By default,
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.Nm
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preserves all file flags, with the exception of the
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.Dq nodump
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flag.
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.Pp
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The
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.Nm
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utility attempts to prevent moving a file onto itself.
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.Pp
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Installing
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.Pa /dev/null
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creates an empty file.
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.Sh ENVIRONMENT
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The
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.Nm
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utility checks for the presence of the
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.Ev STRIPBIN
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environment variable and if present,
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uses the assigned value as the program to run if and when the
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.Fl s
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option has been specified.
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.Pp
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If the
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.Ev DONTSTRIP
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environment variable is present,
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.Nm
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will ignore any specification of the
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.Fl s
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option.
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This is mainly for use in debugging the
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.Fx
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Ports Collection.
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width ".Pa INS@XXXX" -compact
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.It Pa INS@XXXX
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If either
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.Fl S
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option is specified, or the
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.Fl C
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or
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.Fl p
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option is used in conjunction with the
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.Fl s
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option, temporary files named
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.Pa INS@XXXX ,
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where
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.Pa XXXX
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is decided by
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.Xr mkstemp 3 ,
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are created in the target directory.
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.El
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.Sh EXIT STATUS
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.Ex -std
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.Sh COMPATIBILITY
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Historically
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.Nm
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moved files by default.
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The default was changed to copy in
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.Fx 4.4 .
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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.Xr chflags 1 ,
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.Xr chgrp 1 ,
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.Xr chmod 1 ,
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.Xr cp 1 ,
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.Xr mv 1 ,
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.Xr strip 1 ,
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.Xr mmap 2 ,
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.Xr getgrnam 3 ,
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.Xr getpwnam 3 ,
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.Xr chown 8
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.Sh HISTORY
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The
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.Nm
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utility appeared in
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.Bx 4.2 .
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.Sh BUGS
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The meaning of the
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.Fl M
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option has changed as of
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.Fx 9.2
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and it now takes an argument.
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Command lines that used the old
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.Fl M
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will get an error or in rare cases will append logs to the first of
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multiple source files rather than installing it.
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.Pp
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Temporary files may be left in the target directory if
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.Nm
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exits abnormally.
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.Pp
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File flags cannot be set by
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.Xr fchflags 2
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over a NFS file system.
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Other file systems do not have a concept of flags.
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The
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.Nm
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utility will only warn when flags could not be set on a file system
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that does not support them.
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.Pp
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The
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.Nm
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utility with
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.Fl v
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falsely says a file is copied when
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.Fl C
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snaps hard links.
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