180 lines
8.4 KiB
Plaintext
180 lines
8.4 KiB
Plaintext
+===================== Upgrading FreeBSD ==========================+
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| 0.0 Preface |
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| 0.1 DISCLAIMER |
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| 0.2 IMPORTANT NOTES |
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| 1.0 Introduction |
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| 1.1 Upgrade Overview |
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| 2.0 Procedure |
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| 2.1 Backup |
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| 2.2 Mount Filesystems |
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| 2.3 Select Distributions |
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| 2.4 After Installation |
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| 3.0 Alternative Upgrade Techniques |
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+=====================================================================+
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0.1 DISCLAIMER
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--- ----------
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While the FreeBSD upgrade procedure does its best to safeguard against
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accidental loss of data, it is still more than possible to WIPE OUT YOUR
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ENTIRE DISK with this installation! Please do not accept the final
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confirmation request unless you have adequately backed up any important
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data files.
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0.2 IMPORTANT NOTES
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--- ---------------
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These notes assume that you are using the version of sysinstall supplied
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with the version of FreeBSD to which you intend to upgrade. Using a
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mismatched version of sysinstall is almost guaranteed to cause problems
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and has been known to leave systems in an unusable state. The most
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commonly made mistake in this regard is the use of an old copy of
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/stand/sysinstall from an existing installation to upgrade to a newer
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version of FreeBSD. This is NOT recommended. You should instead boot
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from the installation media to do an upgrade.
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Furthermore, if you are upgrading from FreeBSD 2.2.5 or earlier, see
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section 2.4 for important details regarding changes to the /etc/fstab
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file required during the upgrade procedure.
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1.0 Introduction
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--- ------------
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The upgrade procedure replaces distributions selected by the user
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with those corresponding to the new FreeBSD release. It preserves
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standard system configuration data, as well as user data, installed
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packages and other software.
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Administrators contemplating an upgrade are encouraged to study this
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document in its entirety before commencing an upgrade. Failure to do so
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may result in a failed upgrade or loss of data.
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1.1 Upgrade Overview
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--- ----------------
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Upgrading of a distribution is performed by extracting the new version of
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the component over the top of the previous version. Files belonging to
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the old distribution are not deleted.
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System configuration is preserved by retaining and restoring the
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previous version of the following files:
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Xaccel.ini, adduser.conf, aliases, aliases.db, amd.map, crontab,
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csh.cshrc, csh.login, csh.logout, daily, disktab, dm.conf, exports,
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fbtab, fstab, ftpusers, gettytab, gnats, group, hosts, hosts.equiv,
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hosts.lpd, inetd.conf, kerberosIV, localtime, login.access,
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mail.rc, make.conf, manpath.config, master.passwd, mib.txt, modems,
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monthly, motd, namedb, networks, nsswitch.conf, passwd, phones,
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ppp, printcap, profile, protocols, pwd.db, rc, rc.firewall,
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rc.i386, rc.local, rc.network, rc.conf, remote, resolv.conf, rmt,
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security, sendmail.cf, services, shells, skeykeys, spwd.db,
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supfile, syslog.conf, termcap, ttys, uucp, weekly
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The versions of these files which correspond to the new version are
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moved to /etc/upgrade/. The system administrator may peruse these new
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versions and merge components as desired. Note that many of these files
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are interdependent, and the best merge procedure is to copy all
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site-specific data from the current files into the new.
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During the upgrade procedure, the administrator is prompted for a
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location into which all files from /etc/ are saved. In the event that
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local modifications have been made to other files, they may be
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subsequently retrieved from this location.
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2.0 Procedure
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--- ---------
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This section details the upgrade procedure. Particular attention is
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given to items which substantially differ from a normal installation.
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2.1 Backup
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--- ------
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User data and system configuration should be backed up before
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upgrading. While the upgrade procedure does its best to prevent
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accidental mistakes, it is possible to partially or completely destroy
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data and configuration information.
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2.2 Mount Filesystems
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--- -----------------
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The disklabel editor is entered with the nominated disk's filesystem
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devices listed. Prior to commencing the upgrade, the administrator
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should make a note of the device names and corresponding mountpoints.
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These mountpoints should be entered here. DO NOT set the 'newfs flag'
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for any filesystems, as this will cause data loss.
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2.3 Select Distributions
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--- --------------------
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When selecting distributions, there are no constraints on which must be
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selected. As a general rule, the 'bin' distribution should be selected
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for an update, and the 'man' distribution if manpages are already
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installed. Other distributions may be selected beyond those originally
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installed if the administrator wishes to add additional functionality.
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2.4 After Installation
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--- ------------------
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Once the installation procedure has completed, the administrator is
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prompted to examine the new configuration files. At this point, checks
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should be made to ensure that the system configuration is valid. In
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particular, the /etc/rc.conf and /etc/fstab files should be checked.
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Read the following, but DO NOT update /etc/fstab as described below
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until the new system has booted correctly. The upgrade procedure
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replaces the previous FreeBSD kernel with a GENERIC kernel, and a custom
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kernel may need to be generated to suit the local system configuration.
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IMPORTANT NOTE:
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==============
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FreeBSD 2.2.6 introduced a change in the naming of the device from
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which the root filesystem is mounted. This change affects all systems,
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however user intervention is only required for systems undergoing an
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upgrade installation from a version prior to FreeBSD 2.2.6.
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Previously, the root filesystem was always mounted from the
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compatibility slice, while other partitions on the same disk were
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mounted from their true slice. This might, for example, have resulted
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in an /etc/fstab file like:
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# Device Mountpoint FStype Options Dump Pass#
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/dev/wd0s2b none swap sw 0 0
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/dev/wd0a / ufs rw 1 1
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/dev/wd0s2f /local0 ufs rw 1 1
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/dev/wd0s2e /usr ufs rw 1 1
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For FreeBSD 2.2.6 and later, this format changes so that the device for
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'/' is consistent with others. Also, the driver for the ATA-drives has
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changed from wd(4) to ad(4), so the new file could look something like:
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# Device Mountpoint FStype Options Dump Pass#
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/dev/ad0s2b none swap sw 0 0
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/dev/ad0s2a / ufs rw 1 1
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/dev/ad0s2f /local0 ufs rw 1 1
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/dev/ad0s2e /usr ufs rw 1 1
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If /etc/fstab is not updated manually in this case, the system will
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issue a warning message whenever / is mounted (normally at startup)
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indicating the change that must be made. In addition, trouble may be
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experienced if the root filesystem is not correctly unmounted, whereby
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the root filesystem will not be marked clean at the next reboot.
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This change should be made as soon as the upgraded system has been
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successfully rebooted.
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3.0 Alternative Upgrade Techniques
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--- ------------------------------
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Those interested in an upgrade method that allows more flexibility and
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sophistication should take a look at the "The Cutting Edge" chapter in the
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Handbook (http://www.FreeBSD.org/docs/en/books/handbook/cutting-edge.html)
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which describes how to upgrade FreeBSD from the source code. This method
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requires reliable network connectivity, extra disk space and spare time,
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but has advantages for networks and other more complex installations.
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