190 lines
5.1 KiB
Plaintext
190 lines
5.1 KiB
Plaintext
.\" This module is believed to contain source code proprietary to AT&T.
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.\" Use and redistribution is subject to the Berkeley Software License
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.\" Agreement and your Software Agreement with AT&T (Western Electric).
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.\"
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.\" @(#)tt04 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/8/93
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.\" Copyright (C) Caldera International Inc. 2001-2002. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
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.\" met:
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.\"
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.\" Redistributions of source code and documentation must retain the above
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.\" copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
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.\" disclaimer.
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.\"
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.\" Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\"
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.\" All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\"
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.\" This product includes software developed or owned by Caldera
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.\" International, Inc. Neither the name of Caldera International, Inc.
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.\" nor the names of other contributors may be used to endorse or promote
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.\" products derived from this software without specific prior written
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.\" permission.
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.\"
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.\" USE OF THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED FOR UNDER THIS LICENSE BY CALDERA
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.\" INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
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.\" WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
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.\" DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL CALDERA INTERNATIONAL, INC. BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
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.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
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.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR
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.\" BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
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.\" WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE
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.\" OR OTHERWISE) RISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN
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.\" IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.NH
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Indents and Line Lengths
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.PP
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.UL troff
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starts with a line length of 6.5 inches,
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which some people think is too wide for 8\(12\(mu11 paper.
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To reset the line length,
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use
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the
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.BD .ll
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command, as in
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.P1
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^ll 6i
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.P2
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As with
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.BD .sp ,
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the actual length can be specified in several ways;
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inches are probably the most intuitive.
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.PP
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The maximum line length provided by the typesetter is 7.5 inches, by the way.
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To use the full width, you will have to reset the default physical left margin (``page offset''),
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which is normally slightly less than one inch from the left edge
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of the paper.
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This is done by the
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.BD .po
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command.
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.P1
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^po 0
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.P2
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sets the offset as far to the left as it will go.
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.WS
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.PP
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The indent command
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.BD .in
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causes the left margin to be indented
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by some specified amount from the page offset.
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If we use
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.BD .in
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to move the left margin in,
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and
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.BD .ll
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to move the right margin to the left,
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we can
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make offset blocks of text:
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.P1
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^in 0.3i
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^ll \(mi0.3i
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text to be set into a block
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^ll +0.3i
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^in \(mi0.3i
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.P2
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will create a block that looks like this:
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.P1
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.fi
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.ll -0.3i
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Pater noster qui est in caelis sanctificetur nomen tuum;
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adveniat regnum tuum; fiat voluntas tua, sicut in caelo,
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et in terra. ...
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Amen.
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.ll +0.3i
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.P2
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Notice the use of `+' and `\(mi'
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to specify the amount of change.
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These change the previous setting by the specified amount,
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rather than just overriding it.
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The distinction is quite important:
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.BD .ll\ +1i
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makes lines one inch longer;
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.BD .ll\ 1i
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makes them one inch
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.ul
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long.
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.PP
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With
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.BD .in ,
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.BD .ll
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and
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.BD .po ,
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the previous value is used if no argument is specified.
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.PP
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To indent a single line, use the `temporary indent'
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command
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.BD .ti .
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For example, all paragraphs in this memo
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effectively begin with the command
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.P1
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^ti 3
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.P2
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Three of what?
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The default unit for
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.BD .ti ,
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as for most horizontally oriented commands
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.BD .ll , (
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.BD .in ,
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.BD .po ),
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is ems;
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an em is roughly the width of the letter `m'
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in the current point size.
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(Precisely, an em in size
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.ul
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p
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is
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.ul
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p
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points.)
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Although inches are usually clearer than ems to people who don't set type
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for a living,
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ems have a place:
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they are a measure of size that is proportional to the current point size.
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If you want to make text that keeps its proportions
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regardless of point size,
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you should use ems for all dimensions.
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Ems can be specified as scale factors directly,
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as in
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.BD .ti\ 2.5m .
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.PP
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Lines can also be indented negatively
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if the indent is already positive:
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.P1
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^ti \(mi0.3i
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.P2
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causes the next line to be moved back three tenths of an inch.
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Thus to make a decorative initial capital,
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we indent the whole paragraph, then move the letter `P' back with
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a
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.BD .ti
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command:
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.P1
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.ll -0.3i
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.fi
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.in +.3i
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.ti -0.3i
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\s36\v'2'P\v'-2'\s0ater noster qui est in caelis sanctificetur
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nomen tuum;
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adveniat regnum tuum;
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'in -.3i
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fiat voluntas tua,
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sicut in caelo, et in terra. ...
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Amen.
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.ll +0.3i
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.P2
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Of course, there is also some trickery to make the `P'
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bigger (just a `\es36P\es0'),
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and to move it
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down from its normal position
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(see the section on local motions).
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