1176 lines
34 KiB
Groff
1176 lines
34 KiB
Groff
.\" Hey, Emacs, edit this file in -*- nroff-fill -*- mode
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.\"-
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.\" Copyright (c) 1997, 1998, 2003
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.\" Nan Yang Computer Services Limited. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" This software is distributed under the so-called ``Berkeley
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.\" License'':
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
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.\" This product includes software developed by Nan Yang Computer
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.\" Services Limited.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the Company nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" This software is provided ``as is'', and any express or implied
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.\" warranties, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of
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.\" merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose are disclaimed.
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.\" In no event shall the company or contributors be liable for any
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.\" direct, indirect, incidental, special, exemplary, or consequential
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.\" damages (including, but not limited to, procurement of substitute
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.\" goods or services; loss of use, data, or profits; or business
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.\" interruption) however caused and on any theory of liability, whether
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.\" in contract, strict liability, or tort (including negligence or
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.\" otherwise) arising in any way out of the use of this software, even if
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.\" advised of the possibility of such damage.
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.\"
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd May 16, 2002
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.Dt VINUM 4
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm vinum
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.Nd Logical Volume Manager
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.Sh SYNOPSIS
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.Cd "device vinum"
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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.Nm
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is a logical volume manager inspired by, but not derived from, the Veritas
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Volume Manager.
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It provides the following features:
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.Bl -bullet
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.It
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It provides device-independent logical disks, called
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.Em volumes .
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Volumes are
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not restricted to the size of any disk on the system.
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.It
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The volumes consist of one or more
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.Em plexes ,
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each of which contain the
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entire address space of a volume.
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This represents an implementation of RAID-1
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(mirroring).
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Multiple plexes can also be used for:
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.\" XXX What about sparse plexes? Do we want them?
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.Bl -bullet
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.It
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Increased read throughput.
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.Nm
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will read data from the least active disk, so if a volume has plexes on multiple
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disks, more data can be read in parallel.
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.Nm
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reads data from only one plex, but it writes data to all plexes.
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.It
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Increased reliability.
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By storing plexes on different disks, data will remain
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available even if one of the plexes becomes unavailable.
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In comparison with a
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RAID-5 plex (see below), using multiple plexes requires more storage space, but
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gives better performance, particularly in the case of a drive failure.
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.It
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Additional plexes can be used for on-line data reorganization.
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By attaching an
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additional plex and subsequently detaching one of the older plexes, data can be
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moved on-line without compromising access.
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.It
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An additional plex can be used to obtain a consistent dump of a file system.
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By
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attaching an additional plex and detaching at a specific time, the detached plex
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becomes an accurate snapshot of the file system at the time of detachment.
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.\" Make sure to flush!
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.El
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.It
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Each plex consists of one or more logical disk slices, called
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.Em subdisks .
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Subdisks are defined as a contiguous block of physical disk storage.
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|
A plex may
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consist of any reasonable number of subdisks (in other words, the real limit is
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not the number, but other factors, such as memory and performance, associated
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with maintaining a large number of subdisks).
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.It
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|
A number of mappings between subdisks and plexes are available:
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.Bl -bullet
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.It
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.Em "Concatenated plexes"
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|
consist of one or more subdisks, each of which
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|
is mapped to a contiguous part of the plex address space.
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.It
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.Em "Striped plexes"
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consist of two or more subdisks of equal size.
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The file
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address space is mapped in
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.Em stripes ,
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integral fractions of the subdisk
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size.
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Consecutive plex address space is mapped to stripes in each subdisk in
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turn.
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.if t \{\
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.ig
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.\" FIXME
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.br
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.ne 1.5i
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.PS
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move right 2i
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down
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SD0: box
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SD1: box
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SD2: box
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"plex 0" at SD0.n+(0,.2)
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"subdisk 0" rjust at SD0.w-(.2,0)
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"subdisk 1" rjust at SD1.w-(.2,0)
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"subdisk 2" rjust at SD2.w-(.2,0)
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.PE
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..
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.\}
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The subdisks of a striped plex must all be the same size.
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.It
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.Em "RAID-5 plexes"
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require at least three equal-sized subdisks.
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|
They
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|
resemble striped plexes, except that in each stripe, one subdisk stores parity
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information.
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This subdisk changes in each stripe: in the first stripe, it is the
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first subdisk, in the second it is the second subdisk, etc.
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In the event of a
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single disk failure,
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.Nm
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will recover the data based on the information stored on the remaining subdisks.
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This mapping is particularly suited to read-intensive access.
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The subdisks of a
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RAID-5 plex must all be the same size.
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.\" Make sure to flush!
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.El
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.It
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.Em Drives
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are the lowest level of the storage hierarchy.
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They represent disk special
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devices.
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.It
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.Nm
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offers automatic startup.
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Unlike
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.Ux
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file systems,
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.Nm
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volumes contain all the configuration information needed to ensure that they are
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started correctly when the subsystem is enabled.
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This is also a significant
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advantage over the Veritas\(tm File System.
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This feature regards the presence
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of the volumes.
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It does not mean that the volumes will be mounted
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automatically, since the standard startup procedures with
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.Pa /etc/fstab
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perform this function.
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.El
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.Sh KERNEL CONFIGURATION
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.Nm
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is currently supplied as a KLD module, and does not require
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configuration.
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As with other KLDs, it is absolutely necessary to match the KLD
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to the version of the operating system.
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Failure to do so will cause
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.Nm
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to issue an error message and terminate.
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.Pp
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It is possible to configure
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.Nm
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in the kernel, but this is not recommended.
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To do so, add this line to the
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kernel configuration file:
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.Pp
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.D1 Cd "device vinum"
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.Ss Debug Options
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The current version of
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.Nm ,
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both the kernel module and the user program
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.Xr vinum 8 ,
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include significant debugging support.
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It is not recommended to remove
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this support at the moment, but if you do you must remove it from both the
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kernel and the user components.
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To do this, edit the files
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.Pa /usr/src/sbin/vinum/Makefile
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and
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.Pa /usr/src/sys/modules/vinum/Makefile
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and edit the
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.Va CFLAGS
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variable to remove the
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.Li -DVINUMDEBUG
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option.
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If you have
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configured
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.Nm
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into the kernel, either specify the line
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.Pp
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.D1 Cd "options VINUMDEBUG"
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.Pp
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in the kernel configuration file or remove the
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.Li -DVINUMDEBUG
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option from
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.Pa /usr/src/sbin/vinum/Makefile
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as described above.
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.Pp
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If the
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.Va VINUMDEBUG
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variables do not match,
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.Xr vinum 8
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will fail with a message
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explaining the problem and what to do to correct it.
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.Ss Other Options
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.Cd "options VINUM_AUTOSTART"
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.Pp
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Make
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.Nm
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automatically scan all available disks at attach time.
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|
This is a deprecated way that is primarily intended for environments
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that do not want to rely on kernel environment variables set by
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.Xr loader 8 .
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.Pp
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.Nm
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|
was previously available in two versions: a freely available version which did
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|
not contain RAID-5 functionality, and a full version including RAID-5
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functionality, which was available only from Cybernet Systems Inc.
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|
The present
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version of
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.Nm
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|
includes the RAID-5 functionality.
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|
.Sh RUNNING VINUM
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|
.Nm
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|
is part of the base
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.Fx
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|
system.
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|
It does not require installation.
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|
To start it, start the
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.Xr vinum 8
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program, which will load the KLD if it is not already present.
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Before using
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.Nm ,
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it must be configured.
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|
See
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.Xr vinum 8
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|
for information on how to create a
|
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.Nm
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|
configuration.
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|
.Pp
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|
Normally, you start a configured version of
|
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.Nm
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|
at boot time.
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|
Set the variable
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.Va start_vinum
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in
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.Pa /etc/rc.conf
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|
to
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.Dq Li YES
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|
to start
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.Nm
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|
at boot time.
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|
(See
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|
.Xr rc.conf 5
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|
for more details.)
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.Pp
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|
If
|
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.Nm
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|
is loaded as a KLD (the recommended way), the
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|
.Nm vinum Cm stop
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|
command will unload it
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(see
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.Xr vinum 8 ) .
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|
You can also do this with the
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|
.Xr kldunload 8
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|
command.
|
|
.Pp
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|
The KLD can only be unloaded when idle, in other words when no volumes are
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|
mounted and no other instances of the
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.Xr vinum 8
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|
program are active.
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|
Unloading the KLD does not harm the data in the volumes.
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|
.Ss Configuring and Starting Objects
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|
Use the
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|
.Xr vinum 8
|
|
utility to configure and start
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.Nm
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|
objects.
|
|
.Sh AUTOMATIC STARTUP
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
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|
subsystem can be automatically started at attach time.
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|
There are two kernel environment variables that can be set in
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|
.Xr loader.conf 5
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|
to accomplish this.
|
|
.Bl -tag -width ".Va vinum.autostart" -offset indent
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|
.It Va vinum.autostart
|
|
If this variable is set (to any value), the attach function will attempt
|
|
to scan all available disks for valid
|
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.Nm
|
|
configuration records.
|
|
This is the preferred way if automatic startup is desired.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Example:
|
|
.Dl vinum.autostart="YES"
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|
.It Va vinum.drives
|
|
Alternatively, this variable can enumerate a list of disk devices
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|
to scan for configuration records.
|
|
Note that only the
|
|
.Dq bare
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|
device names need to be given, since
|
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.Nm
|
|
will automatically scan all possible slices and partitions.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Example:
|
|
.Dl vinum.drives="da0 da1"
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If automatic startup is used, it is not necessary to set the
|
|
.Va start_vinum
|
|
variable of
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|
.Xr rc.conf 5 .
|
|
Note that if
|
|
.Nm
|
|
is to supply to the volume for the root file system, it is necessary
|
|
to start the subsystem early.
|
|
This can be achieved by specifying
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl vinum_load="YES"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
in
|
|
.Xr loader.conf 5 .
|
|
.Sh IOCTL CALLS
|
|
.Xr ioctl 2
|
|
calls are intended for the use of the
|
|
.Xr vinum 8
|
|
configuration program only.
|
|
They are described in the header file
|
|
.Pa /sys/dev/vinum/vinumio.h .
|
|
.Ss Disk Labels
|
|
Conventional disk special devices have a
|
|
.Em "disk label"
|
|
in the second sector of the device.
|
|
See
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|
.Xr disklabel 5
|
|
for more details.
|
|
This disk label describes the layout of the partitions within
|
|
the device.
|
|
.Nm
|
|
does not subdivide volumes, so volumes do not contain a physical disk label.
|
|
For convenience,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
implements the ioctl calls
|
|
.Dv DIOCGDINFO
|
|
(get disk label),
|
|
.Dv DIOCGPART
|
|
(get partition information),
|
|
.Dv DIOCWDINFO
|
|
(write partition information) and
|
|
.Dv DIOCSDINFO
|
|
(set partition information).
|
|
.Dv DIOCGDINFO
|
|
and
|
|
.Dv DIOCGPART
|
|
refer to an internal
|
|
representation of the disk label which is not present on the volume.
|
|
As a
|
|
result, the
|
|
.Fl r
|
|
option of
|
|
.Xr disklabel 8 ,
|
|
which reads the
|
|
.Dq "raw disk" ,
|
|
will fail.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
In general,
|
|
.Xr disklabel 8
|
|
serves no useful purpose on a
|
|
.Nm
|
|
volume.
|
|
If you run it, it will show you
|
|
three partitions,
|
|
.Ql a ,
|
|
.Ql b
|
|
and
|
|
.Ql c ,
|
|
all the same except for the
|
|
.Va fstype ,
|
|
for example:
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
3 partitions:
|
|
# size offset fstype [fsize bsize bps/cpg]
|
|
a: 2048 0 4.2BSD 1024 8192 0 # (Cyl. 0 - 0)
|
|
b: 2048 0 swap # (Cyl. 0 - 0)
|
|
c: 2048 0 unused 0 0 # (Cyl. 0 - 0)
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Nm
|
|
ignores the
|
|
.Dv DIOCWDINFO
|
|
and
|
|
.Dv DIOCSDINFO
|
|
ioctls, since there is nothing to change.
|
|
As a result, any attempt to modify the disk label will be silently ignored.
|
|
.Sh MAKING FILE SYSTEMS
|
|
Since
|
|
.Nm
|
|
volumes do not contain partitions, the names do not need to conform to the
|
|
standard rules for naming disk partitions.
|
|
For a physical disk partition, the
|
|
last letter of the device name specifies the partition identifier (a to h).
|
|
.Nm
|
|
volumes need not conform to this convention, but if they do not,
|
|
.Xr newfs 8
|
|
will complain that it cannot determine the partition.
|
|
To solve this problem,
|
|
use the
|
|
.Fl v
|
|
flag to
|
|
.Xr newfs 8 .
|
|
For example, if you have a volume
|
|
.Pa concat ,
|
|
use the following command to create a UFS file system on it:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl "newfs -v /dev/vinum/concat"
|
|
.Sh OBJECT NAMING
|
|
.Nm
|
|
assigns default names to plexes and subdisks, although they may be overridden.
|
|
We do not recommend overriding the default names.
|
|
Experience with the
|
|
Veritas\(tm
|
|
volume manager, which allows arbitrary naming of objects, has shown that this
|
|
flexibility does not bring a significant advantage, and it can cause confusion.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Names may contain any non-blank character, but it is recommended to restrict
|
|
them to letters, digits and the underscore characters.
|
|
The names of volumes,
|
|
plexes and subdisks may be up to 64 characters long, and the names of drives may
|
|
up to 32 characters long.
|
|
When choosing volume and plex names, bear in mind
|
|
that automatically generated plex and subdisk names are longer than the name
|
|
from which they are derived.
|
|
.Bl -bullet
|
|
.It
|
|
When
|
|
.Nm
|
|
creates or deletes objects, it creates a directory
|
|
.Pa /dev/vinum ,
|
|
in which it makes device entries for each volume it finds.
|
|
It also creates
|
|
subdirectories,
|
|
.Pa /dev/vinum/plex
|
|
and
|
|
.Pa /dev/vinum/sd ,
|
|
in which it stores device entries for plexes and subdisks.
|
|
In addition, it creates two more directories,
|
|
.Pa /dev/vinum/vol
|
|
and
|
|
.Pa /dev/vinum/drive ,
|
|
in which it stores hierarchical information for volumes and drives.
|
|
.It
|
|
In addition,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
creates three super-devices,
|
|
.Pa /dev/vinum/control ,
|
|
.Pa /dev/vinum/Control
|
|
and
|
|
.Pa /dev/vinum/controld .
|
|
.Pa /dev/vinum/control
|
|
is used by
|
|
.Xr vinum 8
|
|
when it has been compiled without the
|
|
.Dv VINUMDEBUG
|
|
option,
|
|
.Pa /dev/vinum/Control
|
|
is used by
|
|
.Xr vinum 8
|
|
when it has been compiled with the
|
|
.Dv VINUMDEBUG
|
|
option, and
|
|
.Pa /dev/vinum/controld
|
|
is used by the
|
|
.Nm
|
|
daemon.
|
|
The two control devices for
|
|
.Xr vinum 8
|
|
are used to synchronize the debug status of kernel and user modules.
|
|
.It
|
|
Unlike
|
|
.Ux
|
|
drives,
|
|
.Nm
|
|
volumes are not subdivided into partitions, and thus do not contain a disk
|
|
label.
|
|
Unfortunately, this confuses a number of utilities, notably
|
|
.Xr newfs 8 ,
|
|
which normally tries to interpret the last letter of a
|
|
.Nm
|
|
volume name as a partition identifier.
|
|
If you use a volume name which does not
|
|
end in the letters
|
|
.Ql a
|
|
to
|
|
.Ql c ,
|
|
you must use the
|
|
.Fl v
|
|
flag to
|
|
.Xr newfs 8
|
|
in order to tell it to ignore this convention.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.It
|
|
Plexes do not need to be assigned explicit names.
|
|
By default, a plex name is
|
|
the name of the volume followed by the letters
|
|
.Pa .p
|
|
and the number of the
|
|
plex.
|
|
For example, the plexes of volume
|
|
.Pa vol3
|
|
are called
|
|
.Pa vol3.p0 , vol3.p1
|
|
and so on.
|
|
These names can be overridden, but it is not recommended.
|
|
.It
|
|
Like plexes, subdisks are assigned names automatically, and explicit naming is
|
|
discouraged.
|
|
A subdisk name is the name of the plex followed by the letters
|
|
.Pa .s
|
|
and a number identifying the subdisk.
|
|
For example, the subdisks of
|
|
plex
|
|
.Pa vol3.p0
|
|
are called
|
|
.Pa vol3.p0.s0 , vol3.p0.s1
|
|
and so on.
|
|
.It
|
|
By contrast,
|
|
.Em drives
|
|
must be named.
|
|
This makes it possible to move a drive to a different location
|
|
and still recognize it automatically.
|
|
Drive names may be up to 32 characters
|
|
long.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Ss Example
|
|
Assume the
|
|
.Nm
|
|
objects described in the section
|
|
.Sx "CONFIGURATION FILE"
|
|
in
|
|
.Xr vinum 8 .
|
|
The directory
|
|
.Pa /dev/vinum
|
|
looks like:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
# ls -lR /dev/vinum
|
|
total 5
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 2 Mar 30 16:08 concat
|
|
brwx------ 1 root wheel 25, 0x40000000 Mar 30 16:08 control
|
|
brwx------ 1 root wheel 25, 0x40000001 Mar 30 16:08 controld
|
|
drwxrwxrwx 2 root wheel 512 Mar 30 16:08 drive
|
|
drwxrwxrwx 2 root wheel 512 Mar 30 16:08 plex
|
|
drwxrwxrwx 2 root wheel 512 Mar 30 16:08 rvol
|
|
drwxrwxrwx 2 root wheel 512 Mar 30 16:08 sd
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 3 Mar 30 16:08 strcon
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 1 Mar 30 16:08 stripe
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 0 Mar 30 16:08 tinyvol
|
|
drwxrwxrwx 7 root wheel 512 Mar 30 16:08 vol
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 4 Mar 30 16:08 vol5
|
|
|
|
/dev/vinum/drive:
|
|
total 0
|
|
brw-r----- 1 root operator 4, 15 Oct 21 16:51 drive2
|
|
brw-r----- 1 root operator 4, 31 Oct 21 16:51 drive4
|
|
|
|
/dev/vinum/plex:
|
|
total 0
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 0x10000002 Mar 30 16:08 concat.p0
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 0x10010002 Mar 30 16:08 concat.p1
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 0x10000003 Mar 30 16:08 strcon.p0
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 0x10010003 Mar 30 16:08 strcon.p1
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 0x10000001 Mar 30 16:08 stripe.p0
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 0x10000000 Mar 30 16:08 tinyvol.p0
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 0x10000004 Mar 30 16:08 vol5.p0
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 0x10010004 Mar 30 16:08 vol5.p1
|
|
|
|
/dev/vinum/sd:
|
|
total 0
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 0x20000002 Mar 30 16:08 concat.p0.s0
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 0x20100002 Mar 30 16:08 concat.p0.s1
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 0x20010002 Mar 30 16:08 concat.p1.s0
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 0x20000003 Mar 30 16:08 strcon.p0.s0
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 0x20100003 Mar 30 16:08 strcon.p0.s1
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 0x20010003 Mar 30 16:08 strcon.p1.s0
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 0x20110003 Mar 30 16:08 strcon.p1.s1
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 0x20000001 Mar 30 16:08 stripe.p0.s0
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 0x20100001 Mar 30 16:08 stripe.p0.s1
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 0x20000000 Mar 30 16:08 tinyvol.p0.s0
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 0x20100000 Mar 30 16:08 tinyvol.p0.s1
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 0x20000004 Mar 30 16:08 vol5.p0.s0
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 0x20100004 Mar 30 16:08 vol5.p0.s1
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 0x20010004 Mar 30 16:08 vol5.p1.s0
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 0x20110004 Mar 30 16:08 vol5.p1.s1
|
|
|
|
/dev/vinum/vol:
|
|
total 5
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 2 Mar 30 16:08 concat
|
|
drwxr-xr-x 4 root wheel 512 Mar 30 16:08 concat.plex
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 3 Mar 30 16:08 strcon
|
|
drwxr-xr-x 4 root wheel 512 Mar 30 16:08 strcon.plex
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 1 Mar 30 16:08 stripe
|
|
drwxr-xr-x 3 root wheel 512 Mar 30 16:08 stripe.plex
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 0 Mar 30 16:08 tinyvol
|
|
drwxr-xr-x 3 root wheel 512 Mar 30 16:08 tinyvol.plex
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 4 Mar 30 16:08 vol5
|
|
drwxr-xr-x 4 root wheel 512 Mar 30 16:08 vol5.plex
|
|
|
|
/dev/vinum/vol/concat.plex:
|
|
total 2
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 0x10000002 Mar 30 16:08 concat.p0
|
|
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 512 Mar 30 16:08 concat.p0.sd
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 0x10010002 Mar 30 16:08 concat.p1
|
|
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 512 Mar 30 16:08 concat.p1.sd
|
|
|
|
/dev/vinum/vol/concat.plex/concat.p0.sd:
|
|
total 0
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 0x20000002 Mar 30 16:08 concat.p0.s0
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 0x20100002 Mar 30 16:08 concat.p0.s1
|
|
|
|
/dev/vinum/vol/concat.plex/concat.p1.sd:
|
|
total 0
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 0x20010002 Mar 30 16:08 concat.p1.s0
|
|
|
|
/dev/vinum/vol/strcon.plex:
|
|
total 2
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 0x10000003 Mar 30 16:08 strcon.p0
|
|
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 512 Mar 30 16:08 strcon.p0.sd
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 0x10010003 Mar 30 16:08 strcon.p1
|
|
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 512 Mar 30 16:08 strcon.p1.sd
|
|
|
|
/dev/vinum/vol/strcon.plex/strcon.p0.sd:
|
|
total 0
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 0x20000003 Mar 30 16:08 strcon.p0.s0
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 0x20100003 Mar 30 16:08 strcon.p0.s1
|
|
|
|
/dev/vinum/vol/strcon.plex/strcon.p1.sd:
|
|
total 0
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 0x20010003 Mar 30 16:08 strcon.p1.s0
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 0x20110003 Mar 30 16:08 strcon.p1.s1
|
|
|
|
/dev/vinum/vol/stripe.plex:
|
|
total 1
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 0x10000001 Mar 30 16:08 stripe.p0
|
|
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 512 Mar 30 16:08 stripe.p0.sd
|
|
|
|
/dev/vinum/vol/stripe.plex/stripe.p0.sd:
|
|
total 0
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 0x20000001 Mar 30 16:08 stripe.p0.s0
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 0x20100001 Mar 30 16:08 stripe.p0.s1
|
|
|
|
/dev/vinum/vol/tinyvol.plex:
|
|
total 1
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 0x10000000 Mar 30 16:08 tinyvol.p0
|
|
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 512 Mar 30 16:08 tinyvol.p0.sd
|
|
|
|
/dev/vinum/vol/tinyvol.plex/tinyvol.p0.sd:
|
|
total 0
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 0x20000000 Mar 30 16:08 tinyvol.p0.s0
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 0x20100000 Mar 30 16:08 tinyvol.p0.s1
|
|
|
|
/dev/vinum/vol/vol5.plex:
|
|
total 2
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 0x10000004 Mar 30 16:08 vol5.p0
|
|
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 512 Mar 30 16:08 vol5.p0.sd
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 0x10010004 Mar 30 16:08 vol5.p1
|
|
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 512 Mar 30 16:08 vol5.p1.sd
|
|
|
|
/dev/vinum/vol/vol5.plex/vol5.p0.sd:
|
|
total 0
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 0x20000004 Mar 30 16:08 vol5.p0.s0
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 0x20100004 Mar 30 16:08 vol5.p0.s1
|
|
|
|
/dev/vinum/vol/vol5.plex/vol5.p1.sd:
|
|
total 0
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 0x20010004 Mar 30 16:08 vol5.p1.s0
|
|
brwxr-xr-- 1 root wheel 25, 0x20110004 Mar 30 16:08 vol5.p1.s1
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
In the case of unattached plexes and subdisks, the naming is reversed.
|
|
Subdisks
|
|
are named after the disk on which they are located, and plexes are named after
|
|
the subdisk.
|
|
.\" XXX
|
|
.Bf -symbolic
|
|
This mapping is still to be determined.
|
|
.Ef
|
|
.Ss Object States
|
|
Each
|
|
.Nm
|
|
object has a
|
|
.Em state
|
|
associated with it.
|
|
.Nm
|
|
uses this state to determine the handling of the object.
|
|
.Ss Volume States
|
|
Volumes may have the following states:
|
|
.Bl -hang -width 14n
|
|
.It Em down
|
|
The volume is completely inaccessible.
|
|
.It Em up
|
|
The volume is up and at least partially functional.
|
|
Not all plexes may be
|
|
available.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Ss "Plex States"
|
|
Plexes may have the following states:
|
|
.Bl -hang -width 14n
|
|
.It Em referenced
|
|
A plex entry which has been referenced as part of a volume, but which is
|
|
currently not known.
|
|
.It Em faulty
|
|
A plex which has gone completely down because of I/O errors.
|
|
.It Em down
|
|
A plex which has been taken down by the administrator.
|
|
.It Em initializing
|
|
A plex which is being initialized.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The remaining states represent plexes which are at least partially up.
|
|
.Bl -hang -width 14n
|
|
.It Em corrupt
|
|
A plex entry which is at least partially up.
|
|
Not all subdisks are available,
|
|
and an inconsistency has occurred.
|
|
If no other plex is uncorrupted, the volume
|
|
is no longer consistent.
|
|
.It Em degraded
|
|
A RAID-5 plex entry which is accessible, but one subdisk is down, requiring
|
|
recovery for many I/O requests.
|
|
.It Em flaky
|
|
A plex which is really up, but which has a reborn subdisk which we do not
|
|
completely trust, and which we do not want to read if we can avoid it.
|
|
.It Em up
|
|
A plex entry which is completely up.
|
|
All subdisks are up.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Ss "Subdisk States"
|
|
Subdisks can have the following states:
|
|
.Bl -hang -width 14n
|
|
.It Em empty
|
|
A subdisk entry which has been created completely.
|
|
All fields are correct, and
|
|
the disk has been updated, but the on the disk is not valid.
|
|
.It Em referenced
|
|
A subdisk entry which has been referenced as part of a plex, but which is
|
|
currently not known.
|
|
.It Em initializing
|
|
A subdisk entry which has been created completely and which is currently being
|
|
initialized.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following states represent invalid data.
|
|
.Bl -hang -width 14n
|
|
.It Em obsolete
|
|
A subdisk entry which has been created completely.
|
|
All fields are correct, the
|
|
config on disk has been updated, and the data was valid, but since then the
|
|
drive has been taken down, and as a result updates have been missed.
|
|
.It Em stale
|
|
A subdisk entry which has been created completely.
|
|
All fields are correct, the
|
|
disk has been updated, and the data was valid, but since then the drive has been
|
|
crashed and updates have been lost.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following states represent valid, inaccessible data.
|
|
.Bl -hang -width 14n
|
|
.It Em crashed
|
|
A subdisk entry which has been created completely.
|
|
All fields are correct, the
|
|
disk has been updated, and the data was valid, but since then the drive has gone
|
|
down.
|
|
No attempt has been made to write to the subdisk since the crash, so the
|
|
data is valid.
|
|
.It Em down
|
|
A subdisk entry which was up, which contained valid data, and which was taken
|
|
down by the administrator.
|
|
The data is valid.
|
|
.It Em reviving
|
|
The subdisk is currently in the process of being revived.
|
|
We can write but not
|
|
read.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following states represent accessible subdisks with valid data.
|
|
.Bl -hang -width 14n
|
|
.It Em reborn
|
|
A subdisk entry which has been created completely.
|
|
All fields are correct, the
|
|
disk has been updated, and the data was valid, but since then the drive has gone
|
|
down and up again.
|
|
No updates were lost, but it is possible that the subdisk
|
|
has been damaged.
|
|
We will not read from this subdisk if we have a choice.
|
|
If this
|
|
is the only subdisk which covers this address space in the plex, we set its
|
|
state to up under these circumstances, so this status implies that there is
|
|
another subdisk to fulfill the request.
|
|
.It Em up
|
|
A subdisk entry which has been created completely.
|
|
All fields are correct, the
|
|
disk has been updated, and the data is valid.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Ss "Drive States"
|
|
Drives can have the following states:
|
|
.Bl -hang -width 14n
|
|
.It Em referenced
|
|
At least one subdisk refers to the drive, but it is not currently accessible to
|
|
the system.
|
|
No device name is known.
|
|
.It Em down
|
|
The drive is not accessible.
|
|
.It Em up
|
|
The drive is up and running.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh BUGS
|
|
.Nm
|
|
is a new product.
|
|
Bugs can be expected.
|
|
The configuration mechanism is not yet
|
|
fully functional.
|
|
If you have difficulties, please look at the section
|
|
.Sx "DEBUGGING PROBLEMS WITH VINUM"
|
|
before reporting problems.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Kernels with the
|
|
.Nm
|
|
device appear to work, but are not supported.
|
|
If you have trouble with
|
|
this configuration, please first replace the kernel with a
|
|
.No non- Ns Nm
|
|
kernel and test with the KLD module.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Detection of differences between the version of the kernel and the KLD is not
|
|
yet implemented.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The RAID-5 functionality is new in
|
|
.Fx 3.3 .
|
|
Some problems have been
|
|
reported with
|
|
.Nm
|
|
in combination with soft updates, but these are not reproducible on all
|
|
systems.
|
|
If you are planning to use
|
|
.Nm
|
|
in a production environment, please test carefully.
|
|
.Sh DEBUGGING PROBLEMS WITH VINUM
|
|
Solving problems with
|
|
.Nm
|
|
can be a difficult affair.
|
|
This section suggests some approaches.
|
|
.Ss Configuration problems
|
|
It is relatively easy (too easy) to run into problems with the
|
|
.Nm
|
|
configuration.
|
|
If you do, the first thing you should do is stop configuration
|
|
updates:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl "vinum setdaemon 4"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
This will stop updates and any further corruption of the on-disk configuration.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Next, look at the on-disk configuration, using a Bourne-style shell:
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
rm -f log
|
|
for i in /dev/da0s1h /dev/da1s1h /dev/da2s1h /dev/da3s1h; do
|
|
(dd if=$i skip=8 count=6|tr -d '\e000-\e011\e200-\e377'; echo) >> log
|
|
done
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The names of the devices are the names of all
|
|
.Nm
|
|
slices.
|
|
The file
|
|
.Pa log
|
|
should then contain something like this:
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
.if t .ps -3
|
|
.if t .vs -3
|
|
IN VINOpanic.lemis.comdrive1}6E7~^K6T^Yfoovolume obj state up
|
|
volume src state up
|
|
volume raid state down
|
|
volume r state down
|
|
volume foo state up
|
|
plex name obj.p0 state corrupt org concat vol obj
|
|
plex name obj.p1 state corrupt org striped 128b vol obj
|
|
plex name src.p0 state corrupt org striped 128b vol src
|
|
plex name src.p1 state up org concat vol src
|
|
plex name raid.p0 state faulty org disorg vol raid
|
|
plex name r.p0 state faulty org disorg vol r
|
|
plex name foo.p0 state up org concat vol foo
|
|
plex name foo.p1 state faulty org concat vol foo
|
|
sd name obj.p0.s0 drive drive2 plex obj.p0 state reborn len 409600b driveoffset 265b plexoffset 0b
|
|
sd name obj.p0.s1 drive drive4 plex obj.p0 state up len 409600b driveoffset 265b plexoffset 409600b
|
|
sd name obj.p1.s0 drive drive1 plex obj.p1 state up len 204800b driveoffset 265b plexoffset 0b
|
|
sd name obj.p1.s1 drive drive2 plex obj.p1 state reborn len 204800b driveoffset 409865b plexoffset 128b
|
|
sd name obj.p1.s2 drive drive3 plex obj.p1 state up len 204800b driveoffset 265b plexoffset 256b
|
|
sd name obj.p1.s3 drive drive4 plex obj.p1 state up len 204800b driveoffset 409865b plexoffset 384b
|
|
.if t .vs
|
|
.if t .ps
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The first line contains the
|
|
.Nm
|
|
label and must start with the text
|
|
.Dq Li "IN VINO" .
|
|
It also contains the name of the system.
|
|
The exact definition is contained in
|
|
.Pa /usr/src/sys/dev/vinum/vinumvar.h .
|
|
The saved configuration starts in the middle of the line with the text
|
|
.Dq Li "volume obj state up"
|
|
and starts in sector 9 of the disk.
|
|
The rest of the output shows the remainder of the on-disk configuration.
|
|
It
|
|
may be necessary to increase the
|
|
.Cm count
|
|
argument of
|
|
.Xr dd 1
|
|
in order to see the complete configuration.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The configuration on all disks should be the same.
|
|
If this is not the case,
|
|
please report the problem with the exact contents of the file
|
|
.Pa log .
|
|
There is probably little that can be done to recover the on-disk configuration,
|
|
but if you keep a copy of the files used to create the objects, you should be
|
|
able to re-create them.
|
|
The
|
|
.Ic create
|
|
command does not change the subdisk data, so this will not cause data
|
|
corruption.
|
|
You may need to use the
|
|
.Ic resetconfig
|
|
command if you have this kind of trouble.
|
|
.Ss Kernel Panics
|
|
In order to analyse a panic which you suspect comes from
|
|
.Nm
|
|
you will need to build a debug kernel.
|
|
See the online handbook at
|
|
.Pa /usr/share/doc/en/books/developers-handbook/kerneldebug.html
|
|
(if installed) or
|
|
.Pa http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/developers-\%handbook/kerneldebug.html
|
|
for more details of how to do this.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Perform the following steps to analyse a
|
|
.Nm
|
|
problem:
|
|
.Bl -enum
|
|
.It
|
|
Copy the following files to the directory in which you will be
|
|
performing the analysis, typically
|
|
.Pa /var/crash :
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Bl -bullet -compact
|
|
.It
|
|
.Pa /usr/src/sys/modules/vinum/.gdbinit.crash ,
|
|
.It
|
|
.Pa /usr/src/sys/modules/vinum/.gdbinit.kernel ,
|
|
.It
|
|
.Pa /usr/src/sys/modules/vinum/.gdbinit.serial ,
|
|
.It
|
|
.Pa /usr/src/sys/modules/vinum/.gdbinit.vinum
|
|
and
|
|
.It
|
|
.Pa /usr/src/sys/modules/vinum/.gdbinit.vinum.paths
|
|
.El
|
|
.It
|
|
Make sure that you build the
|
|
.Nm
|
|
module with debugging information.
|
|
The standard
|
|
.Pa Makefile
|
|
builds a module with debugging symbols by default.
|
|
If the version of
|
|
.Nm
|
|
in
|
|
.Pa /boot/kernel
|
|
does not contain symbols, you will not get an error message, but the stack trace
|
|
will not show the symbols.
|
|
Check the module before starting
|
|
.Xr gdb 1 :
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
$ file /boot/kernel/vinum.ko
|
|
/boot/kernel/vinum.ko: ELF 32-bit LSB shared object, Intel 80386,
|
|
version 1 (FreeBSD), not stripped
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the output shows that
|
|
.Pa /boot/kernel/vinum.ko
|
|
is stripped, you will have to find a version which is not.
|
|
Usually this will be
|
|
either in
|
|
.Pa /usr/obj/sys/modules/vinum/vinum.ko
|
|
(if you have built
|
|
.Nm
|
|
with a
|
|
.Dq Li "make world" )
|
|
or
|
|
.Pa /usr/src/sys/modules/vinum/vinum.ko
|
|
(if you have built
|
|
.Nm
|
|
in this directory).
|
|
Modify the file
|
|
.Pa .gdbinit.vinum.paths
|
|
accordingly.
|
|
.It
|
|
Either take a dump or use remote serial
|
|
.Xr gdb 1
|
|
to analyse the problem.
|
|
To analyse a dump, say
|
|
.Pa /var/crash/vmcore.5 ,
|
|
link
|
|
.Pa /var/crash/.gdbinit.crash
|
|
to
|
|
.Pa /var/crash/.gdbinit
|
|
and enter:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
cd /var/crash
|
|
gdb -k kernel.debug vmcore.5
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
This example assumes that you have installed the correct debug kernel at
|
|
.Pa /var/crash/kernel.debug .
|
|
If not, substitute the correct name of the debug kernel.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
To perform remote serial debugging,
|
|
link
|
|
.Pa /var/crash/.gdbinit.serial
|
|
to
|
|
.Pa /var/crash/.gdbinit
|
|
and enter
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
cd /var/crash
|
|
gdb -k kernel.debug
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
In this case, the
|
|
.Pa .gdbinit
|
|
file performs the functions necessary to establish connection.
|
|
The remote
|
|
machine must already be in debug mode: enter the kernel debugger and select
|
|
.Ic gdb
|
|
(see
|
|
.Xr ddb 4
|
|
for more details).
|
|
The serial
|
|
.Pa .gdbinit
|
|
file expects the serial connection to run at 38400 bits per second; if you run
|
|
at a different speed, edit the file accordingly (look for the
|
|
.Va remotebaud
|
|
specification).
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The following example shows a remote debugging session using the
|
|
.Ic debug
|
|
command of
|
|
.Xr vinum 8 :
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
.if t .ps -3
|
|
.if t .vs -3
|
|
GDB 4.16 (i386-unknown-freebsd), Copyright 1996 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
|
Debugger (msg=0xf1093174 "vinum debug") at ../../i386/i386/db_interface.c:318
|
|
318 in_Debugger = 0;
|
|
#1 0xf108d9bc in vinumioctl (dev=0x40001900, cmd=0xc008464b, data=0xf6dedee0 "",
|
|
flag=0x3, p=0xf68b7940) at
|
|
/usr/src/sys/modules/Vinum/../../dev/Vinum/vinumioctl.c:102
|
|
102 Debugger ("vinum debug");
|
|
(kgdb) bt
|
|
#0 Debugger (msg=0xf0f661ac "vinum debug") at ../../i386/i386/db_interface.c:318
|
|
#1 0xf0f60a7c in vinumioctl (dev=0x40001900, cmd=0xc008464b, data=0xf6923ed0 "",
|
|
flag=0x3, p=0xf688e6c0) at
|
|
/usr/src/sys/modules/vinum/../../dev/vinum/vinumioctl.c:109
|
|
#2 0xf01833b7 in spec_ioctl (ap=0xf6923e0c) at ../../miscfs/specfs/spec_vnops.c:424
|
|
#3 0xf0182cc9 in spec_vnoperate (ap=0xf6923e0c) at ../../miscfs/specfs/spec_vnops.c:129
|
|
#4 0xf01eb3c1 in ufs_vnoperatespec (ap=0xf6923e0c) at ../../ufs/ufs/ufs_vnops.c:2312
|
|
#5 0xf017dbb1 in vn_ioctl (fp=0xf1007ec0, com=0xc008464b, data=0xf6923ed0 "",
|
|
p=0xf688e6c0) at vnode_if.h:395
|
|
#6 0xf015dce0 in ioctl (p=0xf688e6c0, uap=0xf6923f84) at ../../kern/sys_generic.c:473
|
|
#7 0xf0214c0b in syscall (frame={tf_es = 0x27, tf_ds = 0x27, tf_edi = 0xefbfcff8,
|
|
tf_esi = 0x1, tf_ebp = 0xefbfcf90, tf_isp = 0xf6923fd4, tf_ebx = 0x2,
|
|
tf_edx = 0x804b614, tf_ecx = 0x8085d10, tf_eax = 0x36, tf_trapno = 0x7,
|
|
tf_err = 0x2, tf_eip = 0x8060a34, tf_cs = 0x1f, tf_eflags = 0x286,
|
|
tf_esp = 0xefbfcf78, tf_ss = 0x27}) at ../../i386/i386/trap.c:1100
|
|
#8 0xf020a1fc in Xint0x80_syscall ()
|
|
#9 0x804832d in ?? ()
|
|
#10 0x80482ad in ?? ()
|
|
#11 0x80480e9 in ?? ()
|
|
.if t .vs
|
|
.if t .ps
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
When entering from the debugger, it is important that the source of frame 1
|
|
(listed by the
|
|
.Pa .gdbinit
|
|
file at the top of the example) contains the text
|
|
.Dq Li "Debugger (\*[q]vinum debug\*[q]);" .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
This is an indication that the address specifications are correct.
|
|
If you get
|
|
some other output, your symbols and the kernel module are out of sync, and the
|
|
trace will be meaningless.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Pp
|
|
For an initial investigation, the most important information is the output of
|
|
the
|
|
.Ic bt
|
|
(backtrace) command above.
|
|
.Ss Reporting Problems with Vinum
|
|
If you find any bugs in
|
|
.Nm ,
|
|
please report them to
|
|
.An Greg Lehey Aq grog@lemis.com .
|
|
Supply the following
|
|
information:
|
|
.Bl -bullet
|
|
.It
|
|
The output of the
|
|
.Nm vinum Cm list
|
|
command
|
|
(see
|
|
.Xr vinum 8 ) .
|
|
.It
|
|
Any messages printed in
|
|
.Pa /var/log/messages .
|
|
All such messages will be identified by the text
|
|
.Dq Li vinum
|
|
at the beginning.
|
|
.It
|
|
If you have a panic, a stack trace as described above.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh AUTHORS
|
|
.An Greg Lehey Aq grog@lemis.com .
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
.Nm
|
|
first appeared in
|
|
.Fx 3.0 .
|
|
The RAID-5 component of
|
|
.Nm
|
|
was developed by Cybernet Inc.\&
|
|
.Pq Pa http://www.cybernet.com/ ,
|
|
for its NetMAX product.
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr disklabel 5 ,
|
|
.Xr loader.conf 5 ,
|
|
.Xr disklabel 8 ,
|
|
.Xr loader 8 ,
|
|
.Xr newfs 8 ,
|
|
.Xr vinum 8
|