263 lines
11 KiB
Plaintext
263 lines
11 KiB
Plaintext
*** Changes in GCC 2.95:
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* Messages about non-conformant code that we can still handle ("pedwarns")
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are now errors by default, rather than warnings. This can be reverted
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with -fpermissive, and is overridden by -pedantic or -pedantic-errors.
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* String constants are now of type `const char[n]', rather than `char[n]'.
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This can be reverted with -fno-const-strings.
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* References to functions are now supported.
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* Lookup of class members during class definition now works in all cases.
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* In overload resolution, type conversion operators are now properly
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treated as always coming from the most derived class.
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* C9x-style restricted pointers are supported, using the `__restrict'
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keyword.
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* You can now use -fno-implicit-inline-templates to suppress writing out
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implicit instantiations of inline templates. Normally we do write them
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out, even with -fno-implicit-templates, so that optimization doesn't
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affect which instantiations are needed.
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* -fstrict-prototype now also suppresses implicit declarations.
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* Many obsolete options have been removed: -fall-virtual, -fmemoize-lookups,
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-fsave-memoized, +e?, -fenum-int-equivalence, -fno-nonnull-objects.
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* Unused virtual functions can be discarded on some targets by specifying
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-ffunction-sections -fvtable-gc to the compiler and --gc-sections to the
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linker. Unfortunately, this only works on Linux if you're linking
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statically.
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* Lots of bugs stomped.
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*** Changes in EGCS 1.1:
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* Namespaces are fully supported. The library has not yet been converted
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to use namespace std, however, and the old std-faking code is still on by
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default. To turn it off, you can use -fhonor-std.
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* Massive template improvements:
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+ member template classes are supported.
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+ template friends are supported.
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+ template template parameters are supported.
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+ local classes in templates are supported.
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+ lots of bugs fixed.
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* operator new now throws bad_alloc where appropriate.
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* Exception handling is now thread safe, and supports nested exceptions and
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placement delete. Exception handling overhead on x86 is much lower with
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GNU as 2.9.
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* protected virtual inheritance is now supported.
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* Loops are optimized better; we now move the test to the end in most
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cases, like the C frontend does.
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* For class D derived from B which has a member 'int i', &D::i is now of
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type 'int B::*' instead of 'int D::*'.
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* An _experimental_ new ABI for g++ can be turned on with -fnew-abi. The
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current features of this are more efficient allocation of base classes
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(including the empty base optimization), and more compact mangling of C++
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symbol names (which can be turned on separately with -fsquangle). This
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ABI is subject to change without notice, so don't use it for anything
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that you don't want to rebuild with every release of the compiler.
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As with all ABI-changing flags, this flag is for experts only, as all
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code (including the library code in libgcc and libstdc++) must be
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compiled with the same ABI.
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*** Changes in EGCS 1.0:
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* A public review copy of the December 1996 Draft of the ISO/ANSI C++
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standard is now available. See
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http://www.cygnus.com/misc/wp/
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for more information.
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* g++ now uses a new implementation of templates. The basic idea is that
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now templates are minimally parsed when seen and then expanded later.
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This allows conformant early name binding and instantiation controls,
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since instantiations no longer have to go through the parser.
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What you get:
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+ Inlining of template functions works without any extra effort or
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modifications.
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+ Instantiations of class templates and methods defined in the class
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body are deferred until they are actually needed (unless
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-fexternal-templates is specified).
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+ Nested types in class templates work.
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+ Static data member templates work.
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+ Member function templates are now supported.
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+ Partial specialization of class templates is now supported.
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+ Explicit specification of template parameters to function templates
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is now supported.
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Things you may need to fix in your code:
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+ Syntax errors in templates that are never instantiated will now be
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diagnosed.
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+ Types and class templates used in templates must be declared
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first, or the compiler will assume they are not types, and fail.
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+ Similarly, nested types of template type parameters must be tagged
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with the 'typename' keyword, except in base lists. In many cases,
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but not all, the compiler will tell you where you need to add
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'typename'. For more information, see
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http://www.cygnus.com/misc/wp/dec96pub/template.html#temp.res
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+ Guiding declarations are no longer supported. Function declarations,
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including friend declarations, do not refer to template instantiations.
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You can restore the old behavior with -fguiding-decls until you fix
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your code.
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Other features:
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+ Default function arguments in templates will not be evaluated (or
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checked for semantic validity) unless they are needed. Default
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arguments in class bodies will not be parsed until the class
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definition is complete.
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+ The -ftemplate-depth-NN flag can be used to increase the maximum
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recursive template instantiation depth, which defaults to 17. If you
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need to use this flag, the compiler will tell you.
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+ Explicit instantiation of template constructors and destructors is
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now supported. For instance:
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template A<int>::A(const A&);
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Still not supported:
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+ Member class templates.
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+ Template friends.
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* Exception handling support has been significantly improved and is on by
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default. The compiler supports two mechanisms for walking back up the
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call stack; one relies on static information about how registers are
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saved, and causes no runtime overhead for code that does not throw
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exceptions. The other mechanism uses setjmp and longjmp equivalents, and
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can result in quite a bit of runtime overhead. You can determine which
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mechanism is the default for your target by compiling a testcase that
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uses exceptions and doing an 'nm' on the object file; if it uses __throw,
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it's using the first mechanism. If it uses __sjthrow, it's using the
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second.
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You can turn EH support off with -fno-exceptions.
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* RTTI support has been rewritten to work properly and is now on by default.
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This means code that uses virtual functions will have a modest space
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overhead. You can use the -fno-rtti flag to disable RTTI support.
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* On ELF systems, duplicate copies of symbols with 'initialized common'
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linkage (such as template instantiations, vtables, and extern inlines)
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will now be discarded by the GNU linker, so you don't need to use -frepo.
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This support requires GNU ld from binutils 2.8 or later.
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* The overload resolution code has been rewritten to conform to the latest
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C++ Working Paper. Built-in operators are now considered as candidates
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in operator overload resolution. Function template overloading chooses
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the more specialized template, and handles base classes in type deduction
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and guiding declarations properly. In this release the old code can
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still be selected with -fno-ansi-overloading, although this is not
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supported and will be removed in a future release.
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* Standard usage syntax for the std namespace is supported; std is treated
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as an alias for global scope. General namespaces are still not supported.
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* New flags:
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+ New warning -Wno-pmf-conversion (don't warn about
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converting from a bound member function pointer to function
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pointer).
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+ A flag -Weffc++ has been added for violations of some of the style
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guidelines in Scott Meyers' _Effective C++_ books.
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+ -Woverloaded-virtual now warns if a virtual function in a base
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class is hidden in a derived class, rather than warning about
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virtual functions being overloaded (even if all of the inherited
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signatures are overridden) as it did before.
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+ -Wall no longer implies -W. The new warning flag, -Wsign-compare,
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included in -Wall, warns about dangerous comparisons of signed and
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unsigned values. Only the flag is new; it was previously part of
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-W.
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+ The new flag, -fno-weak, disables the use of weak symbols.
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* Synthesized methods are now emitted in any translation units that need
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an out-of-line copy. They are no longer affected by #pragma interface
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or #pragma implementation.
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* __FUNCTION__ and __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ are now treated as variables by the
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parser; previously they were treated as string constants. So code like
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`printf (__FUNCTION__ ": foo")' must be rewritten to
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`printf ("%s: foo", __FUNCTION__)'. This is necessary for templates.
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* local static variables in extern inline functions will be shared between
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translation units.
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* -fvtable-thunks is supported for all targets, and is the default for
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Linux with glibc 2.x (also called libc 6.x).
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* bool is now always the same size as another built-in type. Previously,
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a 64-bit RISC target using a 32-bit ABI would have 32-bit pointers and a
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64-bit bool. This should only affect Irix 6, which was not supported in
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2.7.2.
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* new (nothrow) is now supported.
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* Synthesized destructors are no longer made virtual just because the class
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already has virtual functions, only if they override a virtual destructor
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in a base class. The compiler will warn if this affects your code.
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* The g++ driver now only links against libstdc++, not libg++; it is
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functionally identical to the c++ driver.
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* (void *)0 is no longer considered a null pointer constant; NULL in
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<stddef.h> is now defined as __null, a magic constant of type (void *)
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normally, or (size_t) with -ansi.
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* The name of a class is now implicitly declared in its own scope; A::A
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refers to A.
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* Local classes are now supported.
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* __attribute__ can now be attached to types as well as declarations.
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* The compiler no longer emits a warning if an ellipsis is used as a
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function's argument list.
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* Definition of nested types outside of their containing class is now
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supported. For instance:
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struct A {
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struct B;
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B* bp;
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};
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struct A::B {
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int member;
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};
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* On the HPPA, some classes that do not define a copy constructor
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will be passed and returned in memory again so that functions
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returning those types can be inlined.
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*** The g++ team thanks everyone that contributed to this release,
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but especially:
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* Joe Buck <jbuck@synopsys.com>, the maintainer of the g++ FAQ.
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* Brendan Kehoe <brendan@cygnus.com>, who coordinates testing of g++.
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* Jason Merrill <jason@cygnus.com>, the g++ maintainer.
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* Mark Mitchell <mmitchell@usa.net>, who implemented member function
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templates and explicit qualification of function templates.
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* Mike Stump <mrs@wrs.com>, the previous g++ maintainer, who did most of
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the exception handling work.
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