752 lines
16 KiB
C
752 lines
16 KiB
C
/*-
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* Copyright (c) 1991, 1993
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* The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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*
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* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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* are met:
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* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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* 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
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* must display the following acknowledgement:
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* This product includes software developed by the University of
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* California, Berkeley and its contributors.
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* 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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* may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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* without specific prior written permission.
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*
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* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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* SUCH DAMAGE.
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*/
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#ifndef lint
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static char sccsid[] = "@(#)backgammon.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 5/31/93";
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#endif /* not lint */
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/*
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** The game of Backgammon
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*/
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#include <stdio.h>
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#define WHITE 0
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#define BROWN 1
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#define NIL (-1)
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#define MAXGMOV 10
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#define MAXIMOVES 1000
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#define RULES "/usr/games/lib/backrules"
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char level; /*'b'=beginner, 'i'=intermediate, 'e'=expert*/
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int die1;
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int die2;
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int i;
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int j;
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int l;
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int m;
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int pflg = 1;
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int nobroll = 0;
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int count;
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int imoves;
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int goodmoves[MAXGMOV];
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int probmoves[MAXGMOV];
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int brown[] = { /* brown position table */
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0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5,
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0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
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0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
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};
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int white[] = { /* white position table */
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0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5,
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0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
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0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
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};
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int probability[] = {
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0, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16,
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06, 05, 04, 03, 02, 01
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};
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struct {
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int pos[4];
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int mov[4];
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} moves[MAXIMOVES];
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main()
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{
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int go[5], tvec[2];
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int k, n, pid, ret, rpid, t;
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char s[100];
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srand(time(0));
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go[5] = NIL;
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fprintf(stdout, "Instructions? ");
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fgets(s, 100, stdin);
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if(*s == 'y')
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instructions();
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putchar('\n');
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fprintf(stdout, "Opponent's level: b - beginner,\n");
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fprintf(stdout, "i - intermediate, e - expert? ");
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level='e';
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fgets(s, 100, stdin);
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if(*s == 'b')
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level = 'b';
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else if(*s == 'i')
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level = 'i';
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putchar('\n');
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fprintf(stdout, "You will play brown.\n\n");
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fprintf(stdout, "Would you like to roll your own dice? ");
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fgets(s, 100, stdin);
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putchar('\n');
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if(*s == 'y')
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nobroll = 1;
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fprintf(stdout, "Would you like to go first? ");
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fgets(s, 100, stdin);
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putchar('\n');
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if(*s == 'y')
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goto nowhmove;
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whitesmv:
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roll(WHITE);
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fprintf(stdout, "white rolls %d, %d\n", die1, die2);
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fprintf(stdout, "white's move is:");
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if(nextmove(white, brown) == NIL)
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goto nowhmove;
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if(piececount(white, 0, 24) == 0){
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fprintf(stdout, "White wins");
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if(piececount(brown, 0, 6) != 0)
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fprintf(stdout, " with a Backgammon!\n");
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else if (piececount(brown, 0, 24) == 24)
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fprintf(stdout, " with a Gammon.\n");
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else
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fprintf(stdout, ".\n");
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exit(0);
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}
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nowhmove:
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if(pflg)
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prtbrd();
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roll(BROWN);
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retry:
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fprintf(stdout, "\nYour roll is %d %d\n", die1, die2);
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fprintf(stdout, "Move? ");
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fgets(s, 100, stdin);
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switch(*s) {
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case '\0': /* empty line */
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fprintf(stdout, "Brown's move skipped.\n");
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goto whitesmv;
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case 'b': /* how many beared off? */
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fprintf(stdout, "Brown: %d\n", piececount(brown, 0, 24) - 15);
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fprintf(stdout, "White: %d\n", piececount(white, 0, 24) - 15);
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goto retry;
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case 'p': /* print board */
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prtbrd();
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goto retry;
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case 's': /* stop auto printing of board */
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pflg = 0;
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goto retry;
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case 'r': /* resume auto printing */
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pflg = 1;
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goto retry;
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case 'm': /* print possible moves */
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pmoves();
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goto retry;
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case 'q': /* i give up */
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exit(0);
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case '!': /* escape to Shell */
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if(s[1] != '\0')
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system(s+1);
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else if((pid = fork()) == 0) {
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execl("/bin/sh", "sh", "-", 0);
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fprintf(stderr, "back: cannot exec /bin/sh!\n");
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exit(2);
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}
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while((rpid = wait(&ret)) != pid && rpid != -1)
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;
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goto retry;
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case '?': /* well, what can i do? */
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fprintf(stdout, "<newline> skip this move\n");
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fprintf(stdout, "b number beared off\n");
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fprintf(stdout, "p print board\n");
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fprintf(stdout, "q quit\n");
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fprintf(stdout, "r resume auto print of board\n");
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fprintf(stdout, "s stop auto print of board\n");
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fprintf(stdout, "! escape to Shell\n");
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goto retry;
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}
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n = sscanf(s,"%d%d%d%d%d",&go[0],&go[1],&go[2],&go[3],&go[4]);
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if((die1 != die2 && n > 2) || n > 4){
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fprintf(stdout, "Too many moves.\n");
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goto retry;
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}
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go[n] = NIL;
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if(*s=='-'){
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go[0]= -go[0];
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t=die1;
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die1=die2;
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die2=t;
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}
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for(k = 0; k < n; k++){
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if(0 <= go[k] && go[k] <= 24)
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continue;
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else{
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fprintf(stdout, "Move %d illegal.\n", go[k]);
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goto retry;
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}
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}
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if(play(brown, white, go))
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goto retry;
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if(piececount(brown, 0, 24) == 0){
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fprintf(stdout, "Brown wins");
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if(piececount(white, 0, 6) != 0)
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fprintf(stdout, " with a Backgammon.\n");
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else if(piececount(white, 0, 24) == 24)
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fprintf(stdout, " with a gammon.\n");
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else
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fprintf(stdout, ".\n");
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exit(0);
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}
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goto whitesmv;
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}
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play(player,playee,pos)
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int *player,*playee,pos[];
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{
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int k, n, die, ipos;
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for(k=0; k < player[0]; k++){ /*blots on player[0] must be moved first*/
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if(pos[k] == NIL)
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break;
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if(pos[k] != 0){
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fprintf(stdout, "Stone on bar must be moved first.\n");
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return(NIL);
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}
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}
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for(k = 0; (ipos=pos[k]) != NIL; k++){
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die = k?die2:die1;
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n = 25-ipos-die;
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if(player[ipos] == 0)
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goto badmove;
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if(n > 0 && playee[n] >= 2)
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goto badmove;
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if(n <= 0){
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if(piececount(player,0,18) != 0)
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goto badmove;
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if((ipos+die) != 25 && piececount(player,19,24-die)!=0)
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goto badmove;
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}
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player[ipos]--;
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player[ipos+die]++;
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}
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for(k = 0; pos[k] != NIL; k++){
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die = k?die2:die1;
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n = 25-pos[k]-die;
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if(n>0 && playee[n]==1){
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playee[n]=0;
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playee[0]++;
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}
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}
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return(0);
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badmove:
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fprintf(stdout, "Move %d illegal.\n", ipos);
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while(k--){
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die=k?die2:die1;
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player[pos[k]]++;
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player[pos[k]+die]--;
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}
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return(NIL);
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}
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nextmove(player,playee)
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int *player,*playee;
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{
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int k;
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imoves=0;
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movegen(player,playee);
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if(die1!=die2){
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k=die1;
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die1=die2;
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die2=k;
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movegen(player,playee);
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}
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if(imoves==0){
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fprintf(stdout, "no move possible.\n");
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return(NIL);
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}
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k=strategy(player,playee); /*select kth possible move*/
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prtmov(k);
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update(player,playee,k);
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return(0);
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}
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prtmov(k)
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int k;
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{
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int n;
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if(k == NIL)
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fprintf(stdout, "No move possible\n");
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else for(n = 0; n < 4; n++){
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if(moves[k].pos[n] == NIL)
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break;
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fprintf(stdout, " %d, %d",25-moves[k].pos[n],moves[k].mov[n]);
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}
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fprintf(stdout, "\n");
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}
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update(player,playee,k)
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int *player,*playee,k;
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{
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int n,t;
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for(n = 0; n < 4; n++){
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if(moves[k].pos[n] == NIL)
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break;
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player[moves[k].pos[n]]--;
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player[moves[k].pos[n]+moves[k].mov[n]]++;
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t=25-moves[k].pos[n]-moves[k].mov[n];
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if(t>0 && playee[t]==1){
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playee[0]++;
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playee[t]--;
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}
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}
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}
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piececount(player,startrow,endrow)
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int *player,startrow,endrow;
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{
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int sum;
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sum=0;
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while(startrow <= endrow)
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sum += player[startrow++];
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return(sum);
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}
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pmoves()
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{
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int i1, i2;
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fprintf(stdout, "Possible moves are:\n");
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for(i1 = 0; i1 < imoves; i1++){
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fprintf(stdout, "\n%d",i1);
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for (i2 = 0; i2<4; i2++){
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if(moves[i1].pos[i2] == NIL)
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break;
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fprintf(stdout, "%d, %d",moves[i1].pos[i2],moves[i1].mov[i2]);
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}
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}
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fprintf(stdout, "\n");
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}
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roll(who)
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{
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register n;
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char s[10];
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if(who == BROWN && nobroll) {
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fprintf(stdout, "Roll? ");
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fgets(s, 10, stdin);
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n = sscanf(s, "%d%d", &die1, &die2);
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if(n != 2 || die1 < 1 || die1 > 6 || die2 < 1 || die2 > 6)
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fprintf(stdout, "Illegal - I'll do it!\n");
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else
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return;
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}
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die1 = ((rand()>>8) % 6) + 1;
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die2 = ((rand()>>8) % 6) + 1;
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}
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movegen(mover,movee)
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int *mover,*movee;
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{
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int k;
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for(i = 0; i <= 24; i++){
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count = 0;
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if(mover[i] == 0)
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continue;
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if((k=25-i-die1) > 0 && movee[k] >= 2)
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if(mover[0] > 0)
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break;
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else
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continue;
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if(k <= 0){
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if(piececount(mover, 0, 18) != 0)
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break;
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if((i+die1) != 25 && piececount(mover,19,i-1) != 0)
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break;
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}
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mover[i]--;
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mover[i+die1]++;
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count = 1;
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for(j = 0; j <= 24; j++){
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if(mover[j]==0)
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continue;
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if((k=25-j-die2) > 0 && movee[k] >= 2)
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if(mover[0] > 0)
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break;
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else
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continue;
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if(k <= 0){
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if(piececount(mover,0,18) != 0)
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break;
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if((j+die2) != 25 && piececount(mover,19,j-1) != 0)
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break;
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}
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mover[j]--;
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mover[j+die2]++;
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count = 2;
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if(die1 != die2){
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moverecord(mover);
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if(mover[0] > 0)
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break;
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else
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continue;
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}
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for(l = 0; l <= 24; l++){
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if(mover[l] == 0)
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continue;
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if((k=25-l-die1) > 0 && movee[k] >= 2)
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if(mover[0] > 0)
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break;
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else
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continue;
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if(k <= 0){
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if(piececount(mover, 0, 18) != 0)
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break;
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if((l+die2) != 25 && piececount(mover,19,l-1) != 0)
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break;
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}
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mover[l]--;
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mover[l+die1]++;
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count=3;
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for(m=0;m<=24;m++){
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if(mover[m]==0)
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continue;
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if((k=25-m-die1) >= 0 && movee[k] >= 2)
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if(mover[0] > 0)
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break;
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else
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continue;
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if(k <= 0){
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if(piececount(mover,0,18) != 0)
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break;
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if((m+die2) != 25 && piececount(mover,19,m-1) != 0)
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break;
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}
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count=4;
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moverecord(mover);
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if(mover[0] > 0)
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break;
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}
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if(count == 3)
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moverecord(mover);
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else{
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mover[l]++;
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mover[l+die1]--;
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}
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if(mover[0] > 0)
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break;
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}
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if(count == 2)
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moverecord(mover);
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else{
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mover[j]++;
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mover[j+die1]--;
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}
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if(mover[0] > 0)
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break;
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}
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if(count == 1)
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moverecord(mover);
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else{
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mover[i]++;
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mover[i+die1]--;
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}
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if(mover[0] > 0)
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break;
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}
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}
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moverecord(mover)
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int *mover;
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{
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int t;
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if(imoves < MAXIMOVES) {
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for(t = 0; t <= 3; t++)
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moves[imoves].pos[t] = NIL;
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switch(count) {
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case 4:
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moves[imoves].pos[3]=m;
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moves[imoves].mov[3]=die1;
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case 3:
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moves[imoves].pos[2]=l;
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moves[imoves].mov[2]=die1;
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case 2:
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moves[imoves].pos[1]=j;
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moves[imoves].mov[1]=die2;
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case 1:
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moves[imoves].pos[0]=i;
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moves[imoves].mov[0]=die1;
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imoves++;
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}
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}
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switch(count) {
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case 4:
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break;
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case 3:
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mover[l]++;
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mover[l+die1]--;
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break;
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case 2:
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mover[j]++;
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mover[j+die2]--;
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break;
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case 1:
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mover[i]++;
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mover[i+die1]--;
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}
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}
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strategy(player,playee)
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int *player,*playee;
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{
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int k, n, nn, bestval, moveval, prob;
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n = 0;
|
|
if(imoves == 0)
|
|
return(NIL);
|
|
goodmoves[0] = NIL;
|
|
bestval = -32000;
|
|
for(k = 0; k < imoves; k++){
|
|
if((moveval=eval(player,playee,k,&prob)) < bestval)
|
|
continue;
|
|
if(moveval > bestval){
|
|
bestval = moveval;
|
|
n = 0;
|
|
}
|
|
if(n<MAXGMOV){
|
|
goodmoves[n]=k;
|
|
probmoves[n++]=prob;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
if(level=='e' && n>1){
|
|
nn=n;
|
|
n=0;
|
|
prob=32000;
|
|
for(k = 0; k < nn; k++){
|
|
if((moveval=probmoves[k]) > prob)
|
|
continue;
|
|
if(moveval<prob){
|
|
prob=moveval;
|
|
n=0;
|
|
}
|
|
goodmoves[n]=goodmoves[k];
|
|
probmoves[n++]=probmoves[k];
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
return(goodmoves[(rand()>>4)%n]);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
eval(player,playee,k,prob)
|
|
int *player,*playee,k,*prob;
|
|
{
|
|
int newtry[31], newother[31], *r, *q, *p, n, sum, first;
|
|
int ii, lastwhite, lastbrown;
|
|
|
|
*prob = sum = 0;
|
|
r = player+25;
|
|
p = newtry;
|
|
q = newother;
|
|
while(player<r){
|
|
*p++= *player++;
|
|
*q++= *playee++;
|
|
}
|
|
q=newtry+31;
|
|
for(p = newtry+25; p < q; p++) /* zero out spaces for hit pieces */
|
|
*p = 0;
|
|
for(n = 0; n < 4; n++){
|
|
if(moves[k].pos[n] == NIL)
|
|
break;
|
|
newtry[moves[k].pos[n]]--;
|
|
newtry[ii=moves[k].pos[n]+moves[k].mov[n]]++;
|
|
if(ii<25 && newother[25-ii]==1){
|
|
newother[25-ii]=0;
|
|
newother[0]++;
|
|
if(ii<=15 && level=='e') /* hit if near other's home */
|
|
sum++;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
for(lastbrown = 0; newother[lastbrown] == 0; lastbrown++);
|
|
;
|
|
for(lastwhite = 0; newtry[lastwhite] == 0; lastwhite++)
|
|
;
|
|
lastwhite = 25-lastwhite;
|
|
if(lastwhite<=6 && lastwhite<lastbrown)
|
|
sum=1000;
|
|
/* experts running game. */
|
|
/* first priority is to */
|
|
/* get all pieces into */
|
|
/* white's home */
|
|
if(lastwhite<lastbrown && level=='e' && lastwhite>6) {
|
|
for(sum = 1000; lastwhite > 6; lastwhite--)
|
|
sum = sum-lastwhite*newtry[25-lastwhite];
|
|
}
|
|
for(first = 0; first < 25; first++)
|
|
if(newother[first] != 0) /*find other's first piece*/
|
|
break;
|
|
q = newtry+25;
|
|
for(p = newtry+1; p < q;) /* blocked points are good */
|
|
if(*p++ > 1)
|
|
sum++;
|
|
if(first > 5) { /* only stress removing pieces if */
|
|
/* homeboard cannot be hit */
|
|
q = newtry+31;
|
|
p=newtry+25;
|
|
for(n = 6; p < q; n--)
|
|
sum += *p++ * n; /*remove pieces, but just barely*/
|
|
}
|
|
if(level != 'b'){
|
|
r = newtry+25-first; /*singles past this point can't be hit*/
|
|
for(p = newtry+7; p < r; )
|
|
if(*p++ == 1) /*singles are bad after 1st 6 points if they can be hit*/
|
|
sum--;
|
|
q = newtry+3;
|
|
for(p = newtry; p < q; ) /*bad to be on 1st three points*/
|
|
sum -= *p++;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
for(n = 1; n <= 4; n++)
|
|
*prob += n*getprob(newtry,newother,6*n-5,6*n);
|
|
return(sum);
|
|
}
|
|
instructions()
|
|
{
|
|
register fd, r;
|
|
char buf[BUFSIZ];
|
|
|
|
if((fd = open(RULES, 0)) < 0) {
|
|
fprintf(stderr, "back: cannot open %s\n", RULES);
|
|
return;
|
|
}
|
|
while(r = read(fd, buf, BUFSIZ))
|
|
write(1, buf, r);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
getprob(player,playee,start,finish)
|
|
int *player,*playee,start,finish;
|
|
{ /*returns the probability (times 102) that any
|
|
pieces belonging to 'player' and lying between
|
|
his points 'start' and 'finish' will be hit
|
|
by a piece belonging to playee
|
|
*/
|
|
int k, n, sum;
|
|
|
|
sum = 0;
|
|
for(; start <= finish; start++){
|
|
if(player[start] == 1){
|
|
for(k = 1; k <= 12; k++){
|
|
if((n=25-start-k) < 0)
|
|
break;
|
|
if(playee[n] != 0)
|
|
sum += probability[k];
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
return(sum);
|
|
}
|
|
prtbrd()
|
|
{
|
|
int k;
|
|
static char undersc[]="______________________________________________________";
|
|
|
|
fprintf(stdout, "White's Home\n%s\r",undersc);
|
|
for(k = 1; k <= 6; k++)
|
|
fprintf(stdout, "%4d",k);
|
|
fprintf(stdout, " ");
|
|
for(k = 7; k <= 12; k++)
|
|
fprintf(stdout, "%4d",k);
|
|
putchar('\n');
|
|
numline(brown, white, 1, 6);
|
|
fprintf(stdout, " ");
|
|
numline(brown, white, 7, 12);
|
|
putchar('\n');
|
|
colorline(brown, 'B', white, 'W', 1, 6);
|
|
fprintf(stdout, " ");
|
|
colorline(brown, 'B', white, 'W', 7, 12);
|
|
putchar('\n');
|
|
if(white[0] != 0)
|
|
fprintf(stdout, "%28dW\n",white[0]);
|
|
else
|
|
putchar('\n');
|
|
if(brown[0] != 0)
|
|
fprintf(stdout, "%28dB\n", brown[0]);
|
|
else
|
|
putchar('\n');
|
|
colorline(white, 'W', brown, 'B', 1, 6);
|
|
fprintf(stdout, " ");
|
|
colorline(white, 'W', brown, 'B', 7, 12);
|
|
fprintf(stdout, "\n%s\r",undersc);
|
|
numline(white, brown, 1, 6);
|
|
fprintf(stdout, " ");
|
|
numline(white, brown, 7, 12);
|
|
putchar('\n');
|
|
for(k = 24; k >= 19; k--)
|
|
fprintf(stdout, "%4d",k);
|
|
fprintf(stdout, " ");
|
|
for(k = 18; k >= 13; k--)
|
|
fprintf(stdout, "%4d",k);
|
|
fprintf(stdout, "\nBrown's Home\n\n\n\n\n");
|
|
}
|
|
numline(upcol,downcol,start,fin)
|
|
int *upcol,*downcol,start,fin;
|
|
{
|
|
int k, n;
|
|
|
|
for(k = start; k <= fin; k++){
|
|
if((n = upcol[k]) != 0 || (n = downcol[25-k]) != 0)
|
|
fprintf(stdout, "%4d", n);
|
|
else
|
|
fprintf(stdout, " ");
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
colorline(upcol,c1,downcol,c2,start,fin)
|
|
int *upcol,*downcol,start,fin;
|
|
char c1,c2;
|
|
{
|
|
int k;
|
|
char c;
|
|
|
|
for(k = start; k <= fin; k++){
|
|
c = ' ';
|
|
if(upcol[k] != 0)
|
|
c = c1;
|
|
if(downcol[25-k] != 0)
|
|
c = c2;
|
|
fprintf(stdout, " %c",c);
|
|
}
|
|
}
|