freebsd-dev/sys/boot/i386/boot0/boot0.s
John Baldwin 773065b3b8 Switch to using the .code16 as(1) directive and using 16-bit assembly
code instead of using 32-bit code and having to just "know" that it's
really 16-bit instructions when things run.  This also allows the code
to use fewer macros and more actual assembly statements, which eases
maintenance.  Unfortunately, due to as(1) brokenness, we still use m4
macros for all 16-bit addresses, and all short jumps (i.e., 8-bit
relative addresses in the jump instruction) must be wrapped in .code32
directives to avoid useless bloat by as(1).  This also fixes a few
problems that were preventing boot0 from compiling with the latest
and greatest version of as(1).
2000-05-05 13:22:10 +00:00

488 lines
13 KiB
ArmAsm

#
# Copyright (c) 1998 Robert Nordier
# All rights reserved.
#
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are freely
# permitted provided that the above copyright notice and this
# paragraph and the following disclaimer are duplicated in all
# such forms.
#
# This software is provided "AS IS" and without any express or
# implied warranties, including, without limitation, the implied
# warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular
# purpose.
#
# $FreeBSD$
# A 512-byte boot manager.
.set NHRDRV,0x475 # Number of hard drives
.set ORIGIN,0x600 # Execution address
.set FAKE,0x800 # Partition entry
.set LOAD,0x7c00 # Load address
.set PRT_OFF,0x1be # Partition table
.set TBL0SZ,0x3 # Table 0 size
.set TBL1SZ,0xb # Table 1 size
.set MAGIC,0xaa55 # Magic: bootable
.set KEY_ENTER,0x1c # Enter key scan code
.set KEY_F1,0x3b # F1 key scan code
#
# Addresses in the sector of embedded data values.
# Accessed with negative offsets from the end of the relocated sector (%ebp).
#
.set _NXTDRV,-0x48 # Next drive
.set _OPT,-0x47 # Default option
.set _SETDRV,-0x46 # Drive to force
.set _FLAGS,-0x45 # Flags
.set _TICKS,-0x44 # Timeout ticks
.set _FAKE,0x0 # Fake partition entry
.set _MNUOPT,0xc # Menu options
.globl start # Entry point
.code16 # This runs in real mode
#
# Initialise segments and registers to known values.
# segments start at 0.
# The stack is immediatly below the address we were loaded to.
#
start: cld # String ops inc
xorw %ax,%ax # Zero
movw %ax,%es # Address
movw %ax,%ds # data
movw %ax,%ss # Set up
movw $LOAD,%sp # stack
#
# Copy this code to the address it was linked for
#
movw %sp,%si # Source
movw $start,%di # Destination
movw $0x100,%cx # Word count
rep # Relocate
movsw # code
#
# Set address for variable space beyond code, and clear it.
# Notice that this is also used to point to the values embedded in in the block,
# by using negative offsets.
#
movw %di,%bp # Address variables
movb $0x8,%cl # Words to clear
rep # Zero
stosw # them
#
# Relocate to the new copy of the code.
#
incb1(-0xe,_di_) # Sector number
/* incb $-0xe(%di) */
jmpnwi(main-LOAD+ORIGIN) # To relocated code
/* jmp main-LOAD+ORIGIN */
#
# Check what flags were loaded with us, specifically, Use a predefined Drive.
# If what the bios gives us is bad, use the '0' in the block instead, as well.
#
main: tstbi1(0x20,_FLAGS,_bp_) # Set number drive?
/* testb $(0x20+_FLAGS)(%bp) */
.code32
jnz main.1 # Yes
.code16
testb %dl,%dl # Drive number valid?
.code32
js main.2 # Possibly (0x80 set)
.code16
main.1: movb1r(_SETDRV,_bp_,_dl) # Drive number to use
/* movb $_SETDRV(%bp),%dl */
#
# Whatever we decided to use, now store it into the fake
# partition entry that lives in the data space above us.
#
main.2: movbr1(_dl,_FAKE,_bp_) # Save drive number
/* movb %dl,$_FAKE(%bp) */
callwi(putn) # To new line
pushw %dx # Save drive number
#
# Start out with a pointer to the 4th byte of the first table entry
# so that after 4 iterations it's beyond the end of the sector.
# and beyond a 256 byte boundary and thos overflowed 8 bits (see next comment).
# (remember that the table starts 2 bytes earlier than you would expect
# as the bootable flag is after it in the block)
#
movw $(partbl+0x4),%bx # Partition table (+4)
xorw %dx,%dx # Item number
#
# Loop around on the partition table, printing values until we
# pass a 256 byte boundary. The end of loop test is at main.5.
#
main.3: movbr1(_ch,-0x4,_bx_) # Zero active flag (ch == 0)
/* movb %ch,$-0x4(%bx) */
btwr1(_dx,_FLAGS,_bp_) # Entry enabled?
/* bt %dx,$_FLAGS(%bp) */
.code32
jnc main.5 # No
.code16
#
# If any of the entries in the table are
# the same as the 'type' in the slice table entry,
# then this is an empty or non bootable partition. Skip it.
#
movb0r(_bx_,_al) # Load type
/* movb (%bx),%al */
movw $tables,%di # Lookup tables
movb $TBL0SZ,%cl # Number of entries
repne # Exclude
scasb # partition?
.code32
je main.5 # Yes
.code16
#
# Now scan the table of known types
#
movb $TBL1SZ,%cl # Number of entries
repne # Known
scasb # type?
.code32
jne main.4 # No
.code16
#
# If it matches get the matching element in the
# next array. if it doesn't, we are already
# pointing at its first element which points to a "?".
#
addw $TBL1SZ,%di # Adjust
main.4: movb0r(_di_,_cl) # Partition
/* movb (%di),%cl */
addw %cx,%di # description
callwi(putx) # Display it
main.5: incw %dx # Next item
addb $0x10,%bl # Next entry
.code32
jnc main.3 # Till done
.code16
#
# Passed a 256 byte boundary..
# table is finished.
# Add one to the drive number and check it is valid,
#
popw %ax # Drive number
subb $0x80-0x1,%al # Does next
cmpb NHRDRV,%al # drive exist? (from BIOS?)
.code32
jb main.6 # Yes
.code16
# If not then if there is only one drive,
# Don't display drive as an option.
#
decw %ax # Already drive 0?
.code32
jz main.7 # Yes
.code16
# If it was illegal or we cycled through them,
# then go back to drive 0.
#
xorb %al,%al # Drive 0
#
# Whatever drive we selected, make it an ascii digit and save it back
# to the "next drive" location in the loaded block in case we
# want to save it for next time.
# This also is part of the printed drive string so add 0x80 to indicate
# end of string.
#
main.6: addb $'0'|0x80,%al # Save next
movbr1(_al,_NXTDRV,_bp_) # drive number
/* movb %al,$NXTDRV(%bp) */
movw $drive,%di # Display
callwi(putx) # item
#
# Now that we've printed the drive (if we needed to), display a prompt.
# Get ready for the input byt noting the time.
#
main.7: movw $prompt,%si # Display
callwi(putstr) # prompt
movb1r(_OPT,_bp_,_dl) # Display
/* movb $_OPT(%bp),%dl */
decw %si # default
callwi(putkey) # key
xorb %ah,%ah # BIOS: Get
int $0x1a # system time
movw %dx,%di # Ticks when
addw1r(_TICKS,_bp_,_di) # timeout
/* addw $_TICKS(%bp),%di */
#
# Busy loop, looking for keystrokes but
# keeping one eye on the time.
#
main.8: movb $0x1,%ah # BIOS: Check
int $0x16 # for keypress
.code32
jnz main.11 # Have one
.code16
xorb %ah,%ah # BIOS: Get
int $0x1a # system time
cmpw %di,%dx # Timeout?
.code32
jb main.8 # No
.code16
#
# If timed out or defaulting, come here.
#
main.9: movb1r(_OPT,_bp_,_al) # Load default
/* movb $_OPT(%bp),%al */
.code32
jmp main.12 # Join common code
.code16
#
# User's last try was bad, beep in displeasure.
# Since nothing was printed, just continue on as if the user
# hadn't done anything. This gives the effect of the user getting a beep
# for all bad keystrokes but no action until either the timeout
# occurs or the user hits a good key.
#
main.10: movb $0x7,%al # Signal
callwi(putchr) # error
#
# Get the keystroke.
#
main.11: xorb %ah,%ah # BIOS: Get
int $0x16 # keypress
movb %ah,%al # Scan code
#
# If it's CR act as if timed out.
#
cmpb $KEY_ENTER,%al # Enter pressed?
.code32
je main.9 # Yes
.code16
#
# Otherwise check if legal
# If not ask again.
#
subb $KEY_F1,%al # Less F1 scan code
cmpb $0x4,%al # F1..F5?
.code32
ja main.10 # No
.code16
#
# We have a selection.
# but if it's a bad selection go back to complain.
# The bits in MNUOPT were set when the options were printed.
# Anything not printed is not an option.
#
main.12: cbtw # Option
btwr1(_ax,_MNUOPT,_bp_) # enabled?
/* btw %ax,$_MNUOPT(%bp) */
.code32
jnc main.10 # No
.code16
#
# Save the info in the original tables
# for rewriting to the disk.
#
movbr1(_al,_OPT,_bp_) # Save option
/* movb %al,$OPT(%bp) */
movw $FAKE,%si # Partition for write
movb0r(_si_,_dl) # Drive number
/* movb (%si),%dl */
movw %si,%bx # Partition for read
cmpb $0x4,%al # F5 pressed?
pushf # Save
.code32
je main.13 # Yes
.code16
shlb $0x4,%al # Point to
addw $partbl,%ax # selected
xchgw %bx,%ax # partition
movbi0(0x80,_bx_) # Flag active
/* movb $0x80,(%bx) */
#
# If not asked to do a write-back (flags 0x40) don't do one.
#
main.13: pushw %bx # Save
tstbi1(0x40,_FLAGS,_bp_) # No updates?
/* testb $0x40,$_FLAGS(%bp) */
.code32
jnz main.14 # Yes
.code16
movw $start,%bx # Data to write
movb $0x3,%ah # Write sector
callwi(intx13) # to disk
main.14: popw %si # Restore
popf # Restore
#
# If going to next drive, replace drive with selected one.
# Remember to un-ascii it. Hey 0x80 is already set, cool!
#
.code32
jne main.15 # If not F5
.code16
movb1r(_NXTDRV,_bp_,_dl) # Next drive
/* movb $_NXTDRV(%bp),%dl */
subb $'0',%dl # number
#
# load selected bootsector to the LOAD location in RAM.
# If it fails to read or isn't marked bootable, treat it
# as a bad selection.
# XXX what does %si carry?
#
main.15: movw $LOAD,%bx # Address for read
movb $0x2,%ah # Read sector
callwi(intx13) # from disk
.code32
jc main.10 # If error
.code16
cmpwi2(MAGIC,0x1fe,_bx_) # Bootable?
/* cmpw $MAGIC,$0x1fe(%bx) */
.code32
jne main.10 # No
.code16
pushw %si # Save
movw $crlf,%si # Leave some
callwi(puts) # space
popw %si # Restore
.code32
jmp *%ebx # Invoke bootstrap
/* jmp *%bx */
.code16
#
# Display routines
#
putkey: movb $'F',%al # Display
callwi(putchr) # 'F'
movb $'1',%al # Prepare
addb %dl,%al # digit
.code32
jmp putstr.1 # Display the rest
.code16
#
# Display the option and note that it is a valid option.
# That last point is a bit tricky..
#
putx: btswr1(_dx,_MNUOPT,_bp_) # Enable menu option
/* btsw %dx,$_MNUOPT(%bp) */
movw $item,%si # Display
callwi(putkey) # key
movw %di,%si # Display the rest
puts: callwi(putstr) # Display string
putn: movw $crlf,%si # To next line
putstr: lodsb # Get byte
testb $0x80,%al # End of string?
.code32
jnz putstr.2 # Yes
.code16
putstr.1: callwi(putchr) # Display char
.code32
jmp putstr # Continue
.code16
putstr.2: andb $~0x80,%al # Clear MSB
putchr: pushw %bx # Save
movw $0x7,%bx # Page:attribute
movb $0xe,%ah # BIOS: Display
int $0x10 # character
popw %bx # Restore
retn # To caller
# One-sector disk I/O routine
intx13: movb1r(0x1,_si_,_dh) # Load head
/* movb $0x1(%si),%dh */
movw1r(0x2,_si_,_cx) # Load cylinder:sector
/* movw $0x2(%si),%cx */
movb $0x1,%al # Sector count
pushw %si # Save
movw %sp,%di # Save
tstbi1(0x80,_FLAGS,_bp_) # Use packet interface?
/* testb $0x80,$_FLAGS(%bp) */
.code32
jz intx13.1 # No
.code16
pushl $0x0 # Set the
o16 # LBA
pushw1(0x8,_si_) # address
/* pushl $0x8(%si) */
pushw %es # Set the transfer
pushw %bx # buffer address
push $0x1 # Block count
push $0x10 # Packet size
movw %sp,%si # Packet pointer
decw %ax # Verify off
orb $0x40,%ah # Use disk packet
intx13.1: int $0x13 # BIOS: Disk I/O
movw %di,%sp # Restore
popw %si # Restore
retn # To caller
# Menu strings
item: .ascii " "; .byte ' '|0x80
prompt: .ascii "\nDefault:"; .byte ' '|0x80
crlf: .ascii "\r"; .byte '\n'|0x80
# Partition type tables
tables:
#
# These entries identify invalid or NON BOOT types and partitions.
#
.byte 0x0, 0x5, 0xf
#
# These valuse indicate botable types we know the names of
#
.byte 0x1, 0x4, 0x6, 0xb, 0xc, 0xe, 0x63, 0x83
.byte 0xa5, 0xa6, 0xa9
#
# These are offsets that match the known names above and point to the strings
# that will be printed.
#
.byte os_misc-. # Unknown
.byte os_dos-. # DOS
.byte os_dos-. # DOS
.byte os_dos-. # DOS
.byte os_dos-. # Windows
.byte os_dos-. # Windows
.byte os_dos-. # Windows
.byte os_unix-. # UNIX
.byte os_linux-. # Linux
.byte os_freebsd-. # FreeBSD
.byte os_bsd-. # OpenBSD
.byte os_bsd-. # NetBSD
#
# And here are the strings themselves. 0x80 or'd into a byte indicates
# the end of the string. (not so great for Russians but...)
#
os_misc: .ascii "?"; .byte '?'|0x80
os_dos: .ascii "DO"; .byte 'S'|0x80
os_unix: .ascii "UNI"; .byte 'X'|0x80
os_linux: .ascii "Linu"; .byte 'x'|0x80
os_freebsd: .ascii "Free"
os_bsd: .ascii "BS"; .byte 'D'|0x80
.org PRT_OFF-0xc,0x90
#
# These values are sometimes changed before writing back to the drive
# Be especially careful that nxtdrv: must come after drive:, as it
# is part of the same string.
#
drive: .ascii "Drive "
nxtdrv: .byte 0x0 # Next drive number
opt: .byte 0x0 # Option
setdrv: .byte 0x80 # Drive to force
flags: .byte FLAGS # Flags
ticks: .word TICKS # Delay
#
# here is the 64 byte partition table that fdisk would fiddle with.
#
partbl: .fill 0x40,0x1,0x0 # Partition table
.word MAGIC # Magic number