8c72577900
As we are moving away from portsnap, let's not recommend it in the manual page. Reviewed by: bcr (manpages), mat (portmgr) Differential Revision: https://reviews.freebsd.org/D25847
666 lines
16 KiB
Groff
666 lines
16 KiB
Groff
.\"
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.\" Copyright (c) 1997 David E. O'Brien
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.\"
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE DEVELOPERS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
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.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
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.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE DEVELOPERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
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.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
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.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
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.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
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.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
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.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd August 3, 2020
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.Dt PORTS 7
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm ports
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|
.Nd contributed applications
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Fx
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|
Ports Collection
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|
offers a simple way to compile and install third party applications.
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It is also used to build packages, to be installed using
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.Xr pkg 8 .
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.Pp
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|
The ports tree, typically located at
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.Pa /usr/ports ,
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|
consists of subdirectories, one for each category; those in turn contain
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individual ports.
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Each port is a directory with metadata and patches necessary to make
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the original application source code compile and run on
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.Fx .
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|
Compiling an application is as simple as typing
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.Dq Li "make build"
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in the port directory.
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The
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.Pa Makefile
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|
automatically fetches the
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application source code, either from a local disk or the network, unpacks it,
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applies the patches, and compiles it.
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It also recursively handles dependencies \(em other pieces of software
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the port depends on in order to build and work.
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Afterwards,
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.Dq Li "make install"
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installs the application.
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.Pp
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|
The
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.Fx
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|
Ports Collection is maintained in several branches, which differ mostly
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|
by versions of software provided: the
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.Em head
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|
branch contains all the latest changes, while the
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|
.Em quarterly
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|
branches only provide critical fixes.
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|
The
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.Em head
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|
branch can be installed or updated from the Subversion repository located at:
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.Pp
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|
.Lk https://svn.FreeBSD.org/ports/head
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.Pp
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|
The
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|
.Em quarterly
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|
branches can be found in Subversion in the
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.Pa branches/
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|
subdirectory, eg:
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.Pp
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|
.Lk https://svn.FreeBSD.org/ports/branches/2019Q1
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.Pp
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|
It is generally a good idea to use the
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.Nm
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|
branch that matches the
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.Xr pkg 8
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|
repository being used.
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|
By default, for
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|
.Fx CURRENT
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|
the
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|
.Xr pkg 8
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|
is configured to install packages built from the
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|
.Em head
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|
branch, while for
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|
.Fx STABLE
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|
or RELEASE versions it is configured to install packages built from
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|
the latest
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|
.Em quarterly
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|
branch.
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|
Currently configured
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|
.Xr pkg 8
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|
repository can be verified by looking at the
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|
.Em url
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|
field in
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|
.Cm pkg -vv
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|
output.
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|
.Pp
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|
For more information about using ports, see the
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|
.Dq "Packages and Ports" section
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|
in
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|
.Sm off
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|
.%B "The FreeBSD Handbook"
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|
.No \&:
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|
.Sm on
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.Pp
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|
.Lk https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en/books/handbook/ports.html
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.Pp
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|
For information about creating new ports, see
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.Sm off
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.%B "The Porter's Handbook"
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.No \&:
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.Sm on
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.Pp
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|
.Lk https://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en/books/porters-handbook/
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.Sh TARGETS
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|
Some of the
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|
.Xr make 1
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|
targets work recursively through subdirectories.
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|
This lets you, for example, install all of the
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.Dq Li biology
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|
ports with one command.
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|
The targets that do this are
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|
.Cm build , checksum , clean , configure ,
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|
.Cm depends , extract , fetch , install ,
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|
and
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|
.Cm package .
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.Pp
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|
The following targets will be run automatically by each proceeding
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target in order.
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|
That is,
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.Cm build
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|
will be run (if necessary) by
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.Cm install ,
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|
and so on all the way to
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.Cm fetch .
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|
Usually, you will only use the
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.Cm install
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|
target.
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|
.Bl -tag -width ".Cm configure"
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|
.It Cm config
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|
Configure
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|
.Va OPTIONS
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|
for this port using
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.Xr dialog4ports 1 .
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.It Cm fetch
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Fetch all of the files needed to build this port from the sites
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|
listed in
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.Va MASTER_SITES
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|
and
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|
.Va PATCH_SITES .
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|
See
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.Va FETCH_CMD , MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE
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|
and
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|
.Va MASTER_SITE_BACKUP .
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|
.It Cm checksum
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|
Verify that the fetched distfile's checksum matches the one the port was
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tested against.
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If the distfile's checksum does not match, it also fetches the distfiles
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which are missing or failed the checksum calculation.
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|
Defining
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.Va NO_CHECKSUM
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|
will skip this step.
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.It Cm depends
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Install
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(or compile if only compilation is necessary)
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|
any dependencies of the current port.
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|
When called by the
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.Cm extract
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|
or
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|
.Cm fetch
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|
targets, this is run in piecemeal as
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|
.Cm fetch-depends , build-depends ,
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|
etc.
|
|
Defining
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.Va NO_DEPENDS
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|
will skip this step.
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.It Cm extract
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|
Expand the distfile into a work directory.
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|
.It Cm patch
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Apply any patches that are necessary for the port.
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.It Cm configure
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Configure the port.
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|
Some ports will ask you questions during this stage.
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See
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.Va INTERACTIVE
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|
and
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.Va BATCH .
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.It Cm build
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Build the port.
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|
This is the same as calling the
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|
.Cm all
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|
target.
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.It Cm install
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Install the port and register it with the package system.
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This is all you really need to do.
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.El
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.Pp
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The following targets are not run during the normal install process.
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.Bl -tag -width ".Cm fetch-recursive"
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.It Cm showconfig
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|
Display
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.Va OPTIONS
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|
config for this port.
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|
.It Cm showconfig-recursive
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|
Display
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.Va OPTIONS
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|
config for this port and all its dependencies.
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|
.It Cm rmconfig
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|
Remove
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.Va OPTIONS
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|
config for this port.
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|
.It Cm rmconfig-recursive
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|
Remove
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.Va OPTIONS
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|
config for this port and all its dependencies.
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.It Cm config-conditional
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|
Skip the ports which have already had their
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.Va OPTIONS
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|
configured.
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|
.It Cm config-recursive
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|
Configure
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.Va OPTIONS
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|
for this port and all its dependencies using
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|
.Xr dialog4ports 1 .
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|
.It Cm fetch-list
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|
Show list of files to be fetched in order to build the port.
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|
.It Cm fetch-recursive
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|
Fetch the distfiles of the port and all its dependencies.
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|
.It Cm fetch-recursive-list
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|
Show list of files that would be retrieved by
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|
.Cm fetch-recursive .
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|
.It Cm run-depends-list , build-depends-list
|
|
Print a list of all the compile and run dependencies, and dependencies
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of those dependencies, by port directory.
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.It Cm all-depends-list
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|
Print a list of all dependencies for the port.
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|
.It Cm pretty-print-run-depends-list , pretty-print-build-depends-list
|
|
Print a list of all the compile and run dependencies, and dependencies
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|
of those dependencies, by port name and version.
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.It Cm missing
|
|
Print a list of missing dependencies to be installed for the port.
|
|
.It Cm clean
|
|
Remove the expanded source code.
|
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This recurses to dependencies unless
|
|
.Va NOCLEANDEPENDS
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|
is defined.
|
|
.It Cm distclean
|
|
Remove the port's distfiles and perform the
|
|
.Cm clean
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|
target.
|
|
The
|
|
.Cm clean
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|
portion recurses to dependencies unless
|
|
.Va NOCLEANDEPENDS
|
|
is defined, but the
|
|
.Cm distclean
|
|
portion never recurses
|
|
(this is perhaps a bug).
|
|
.It Cm reinstall
|
|
Use this to restore a port after using
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|
.Xr pkg-delete 8
|
|
when you should have used
|
|
.Cm deinstall .
|
|
.It Cm deinstall
|
|
Remove an installed port from the system, similar to
|
|
.Xr pkg-delete 8 .
|
|
.It Cm deinstall-all
|
|
Remove all installed ports with the same
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.Va PKGORIGIN
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|
from the system.
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.It Cm package
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|
Make a binary package for the port.
|
|
The port will be installed if it has not already been.
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|
The package is a
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|
.Pa .tbz
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|
file that you can use to
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|
install the port on other machines with
|
|
.Xr pkg-add 8 .
|
|
If the directory specified by
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.Va PACKAGES
|
|
does not exist, the package will be put into the current directory.
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|
See
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|
.Va PKGREPOSITORY
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|
and
|
|
.Va PKGFILE .
|
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.It Cm package-recursive
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|
Like
|
|
.Cm package ,
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|
but makes a package for each depending port as well.
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|
.It Cm package-name
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|
Prints the name with version of the port.
|
|
.It Cm readmes
|
|
Create a port's
|
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.Pa README.html .
|
|
This can be used from
|
|
.Pa /usr/ports
|
|
to create a browsable web of all ports on your system!
|
|
.It Cm search
|
|
Search the
|
|
.Pa INDEX
|
|
file for the pattern specified by the
|
|
.Va key
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|
(searches the port name, comment, and dependencies),
|
|
.Va name
|
|
(searches the port name only),
|
|
.Va path
|
|
(searches the port path),
|
|
.Va info
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|
(searches the port info),
|
|
.Va maint
|
|
(searches the port maintainer),
|
|
.Va cat
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|
(searches the port category),
|
|
.Va bdeps
|
|
(searches the port build-time dependency),
|
|
.Va rdeps
|
|
(searches the port run-time dependency),
|
|
.Va www
|
|
(searches the port web site)
|
|
.Xr make 1
|
|
variables, and their exclusion counterparts:
|
|
.Va xname , xkey
|
|
etc.
|
|
For example, one would type:
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Dl "cd /usr/ports && make search name=query"
|
|
.Pp
|
|
to find all ports whose
|
|
name matches
|
|
.Dq Li query .
|
|
Results include the matching ports' path, comment, maintainer,
|
|
build dependencies, and run dependencies.
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
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|
cd /usr/ports && make search name=pear- \e
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|
xbdeps=apache
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|
.Ed
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|
.Pp
|
|
To find all ports whose
|
|
names contain
|
|
.Dq Li pear-
|
|
and which do not have apache
|
|
listed in build-time dependencies.
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
cd /usr/ports && make search name=pear- \e
|
|
xname='ht(tp|ml)'
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.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
To find all ports whose names contain
|
|
.Dq Li pear- ,
|
|
but not
|
|
.Dq Li html
|
|
or
|
|
.Dq Li http .
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
make search key=apache display=name,path,info keylim=1
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
To find ports that contain
|
|
.Dq Li apache
|
|
in either of the name, path, info
|
|
fields, ignore the rest of the record.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
By default the search is not case-sensitive.
|
|
In order to make it case-sensitive you can use the
|
|
.Va icase
|
|
variable:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
make search name=p5-R icase=0
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|
.Ed
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|
.It Cm quicksearch
|
|
Reduced
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|
.Cm search
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|
output.
|
|
Only display name, path and info.
|
|
.It Cm describe
|
|
Generate a one-line description of each port for use in the
|
|
.Pa INDEX
|
|
file.
|
|
.It Cm maintainer
|
|
Display the port maintainer's email address.
|
|
.It Cm index
|
|
Create
|
|
.Pa /usr/ports/INDEX ,
|
|
which is used by the
|
|
.Cm pretty-print-*
|
|
and
|
|
.Cm search
|
|
targets.
|
|
Running the
|
|
.Cm index
|
|
target will ensure your
|
|
.Pa INDEX
|
|
file is up to date with your ports tree.
|
|
.It Cm fetchindex
|
|
Fetch the
|
|
.Pa INDEX
|
|
file from the
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|
.Fx
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|
cluster.
|
|
.El
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|
.Sh ENVIRONMENT
|
|
You can change all of these.
|
|
.Bl -tag -width ".Va MASTER_SITES"
|
|
.It Va PORTSDIR
|
|
Location of the ports tree.
|
|
This is
|
|
.Pa /usr/ports
|
|
on
|
|
.Fx
|
|
and
|
|
.Ox ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Pa /usr/pkgsrc
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|
on
|
|
.Nx .
|
|
.It Va WRKDIRPREFIX
|
|
Where to create any temporary files.
|
|
Useful if
|
|
.Va PORTSDIR
|
|
is read-only (perhaps mounted from a CD-ROM).
|
|
.It Va DISTDIR
|
|
Where to find/put distfiles, normally
|
|
.Pa distfiles/
|
|
in
|
|
.Va PORTSDIR .
|
|
.It Va SU_CMD
|
|
Command used to elevate privilege to configure and install a port.
|
|
The unprivileged user must have write access to
|
|
.Va WRKDIRPREFIX
|
|
and
|
|
.Va DISTDIR .
|
|
The default is
|
|
.Ql /usr/bin/su root -c
|
|
.It Va PACKAGES
|
|
Used only for the
|
|
.Cm package
|
|
target; the base directory for the packages tree, normally
|
|
.Pa packages/
|
|
in
|
|
.Va PORTSDIR .
|
|
If this directory exists, the package tree will be (partially) constructed.
|
|
This directory does not have to exist; if it does not, packages will be
|
|
placed into the current directory, or you can define one of
|
|
.Bl -tag -width ".Va PKGREPOSITORY"
|
|
.It Va PKGREPOSITORY
|
|
Directory to put the package in.
|
|
.It Va PKGFILE
|
|
The full path to the package.
|
|
.El
|
|
.It Va LOCALBASE
|
|
Where existing things are installed and where to search for files when
|
|
resolving dependencies (usually
|
|
.Pa /usr/local ) .
|
|
.It Va PREFIX
|
|
Where to install this port (usually set to the same as
|
|
.Va LOCALBASE ) .
|
|
.It Va MASTER_SITES
|
|
Primary sites for distribution files if not found locally.
|
|
.It Va PATCH_SITES
|
|
Primary locations for distribution patch files if not found
|
|
locally.
|
|
.It Va MASTER_SITE_FREEBSD
|
|
If set, go to the master
|
|
.Fx
|
|
site for all files.
|
|
.It Va MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE
|
|
Try going to these sites for all files and patches, first.
|
|
.It Va MASTER_SITE_BACKUP
|
|
Try going to these sites for all files and patches, last.
|
|
.It Va RANDOMIZE_MASTER_SITES
|
|
Try the download locations in a random order.
|
|
.It Va MASTER_SORT
|
|
Sort the download locations according to user supplied pattern.
|
|
Example:
|
|
.Dl .dk .sunet.se .se dk.php.net .no .de heanet.dl.sourceforge.net
|
|
.It Va MASTER_SITE_INDEX
|
|
Where to get
|
|
.Pa INDEX
|
|
source built on
|
|
.Fx
|
|
cluster (for
|
|
.Cm fetchindex
|
|
target).
|
|
Defaults to
|
|
.Pa https://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/ .
|
|
.It Va FETCHINDEX
|
|
Command to get
|
|
.Pa INDEX
|
|
(for
|
|
.Cm fetchindex
|
|
target).
|
|
Defaults to
|
|
.Dq Li "fetch -am" .
|
|
.It Va NOCLEANDEPENDS
|
|
If defined, do not let
|
|
.Cm clean
|
|
recurse to dependencies.
|
|
.It Va FETCH_CMD
|
|
Command to use to fetch files.
|
|
Normally
|
|
.Xr fetch 1 .
|
|
.It Va FORCE_PKG_REGISTER
|
|
If set, overwrite any existing package registration on the system.
|
|
.It Va MOTIFLIB
|
|
Location of
|
|
.Pa "libXm\&." Ns Brq Pa a , Ns Pa so .
|
|
.It Va INTERACTIVE
|
|
If defined, only operate on a port if it requires interaction.
|
|
.It Va BATCH
|
|
If defined, only operate on a port if it can be installed 100% automatically.
|
|
.It Va DISABLE_VULNERABILITIES
|
|
If defined, disable check for security vulnerabilities using
|
|
.Xr pkg-audit 8
|
|
when installing new ports.
|
|
.It Va NO_IGNORE
|
|
If defined, allow installation of ports marked as
|
|
.Aq Va FORBIDDEN .
|
|
The default behavior of the Ports framework is to abort when the
|
|
installation of a forbidden port is attempted.
|
|
Of course, these ports may not work as expected, but if you really know
|
|
what you are doing and are sure about installing a forbidden port, then
|
|
.Va NO_IGNORE
|
|
lets you do it.
|
|
.It Va NO_CHECKSUM
|
|
If defined, skip verifying the port's checksum.
|
|
.It Va TRYBROKEN
|
|
If defined, attempt to build a port even if it is marked as
|
|
.Aq Va BROKEN .
|
|
.It Va PORT_DBDIR
|
|
Directory where the results of configuring
|
|
.Va OPTIONS
|
|
are stored.
|
|
Defaults to
|
|
.Pa /var/db/ports .
|
|
Each port where
|
|
.Va OPTIONS
|
|
have been configured will have a uniquely named sub-directory, containing a
|
|
single file
|
|
.Pa options .
|
|
.El
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|
.Sh MAKE VARIABLES
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The following list provides a name and short description for many of the
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variables that are used when building ports.
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More information on these and other related variables may be found in
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.Pa ${PORTSDIR}/Mk/*
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and the
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.Fx
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Porter's Handbook.
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.Bl -tag -width "WITH_CCACHE_BUILD"
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.It Va WITH_DEBUG
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.Pq Vt bool
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If set, debugging symbols are installed for ports binaries.
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.It Va WITH_DEBUG_PORTS
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A list of origins for which to set
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.Va WITH_DEBUG_PORTS .
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.It Va WITH_CCACHE_BUILD
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.Pq Vt bool
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If set, enables the use of
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.Xr ccache 1
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for building ports.
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.It Va CCACHE_DIR
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Which directory to use for the
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.Xr ccache 1
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data.
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.El
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.Sh FILES
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.Bl -tag -width ".Pa /usr/ports/Mk/bsd.port.mk" -compact
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.It Pa /usr/ports
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The default ports directory.
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.It Pa /usr/ports/Mk/bsd.port.mk
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The big Kahuna.
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.El
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.Sh EXAMPLES
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.Bl -tag -width 0n
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.It Sy Example 1\&: No Building and Installing a Port
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.Pp
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|
The following command builds and installs Emacs.
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.Bd -literal -offset 2n
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.Li # Ic cd /usr/ports/editors/emacs
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.Li # Ic make install
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.Ed
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.It Sy Example 2\&: No Installing Dependencies with Xr pkg 8
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.Pp
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|
The following example shows how to build and install a port without having to
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|
build its dependencies.
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Instead, the dependencies are downloaded via
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.Xr pkg 8 .
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.Bd -literal -offset 2n
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.Li # Ic make install-missing-packages
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.Li # Ic make install
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.Ed
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.Pp
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|
It is especially useful, when the dependencies are costly
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in time and resources to build
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.Pq like Pa lang/rust .
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The drawback is that
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.Xr pkg 8
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|
offers only packages built with the default set of
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.Va OPTIONS .
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.It Sy Example 3\&: No Building a Non-Default Flavor of a Port
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.Pp
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|
The following command builds a non-default flavor of a port.
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(In this case
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.Pa devel/py-pip
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|
is going to be built with Python 3.7 support.)
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.Bd -literal -offset 2n
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.Li # Ic cd /usr/ports/devel/py-pip
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.Li # Ic env FLAVOR=py37 make build
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.Ed
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.El
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.Sh SEE ALSO
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|
.Xr make 1 ,
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|
.Xr make.conf 5 ,
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|
.Xr development 7 ,
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|
.Xr pkg 7
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.Pp
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|
Additional developer documentation:
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|
.Bl -dash -width "" -offset indent
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|
.It
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|
.Xr portlint 1
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|
.It
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.Pa /usr/ports/Mk/bsd.port.mk
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|
.El
|
|
.Pp
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|
Additional user documentation:
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|
.Bl -dash -width "" -offset indent
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|
.It
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|
.Xr pkg 8
|
|
.It
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|
.Lk "https://www.FreeBSD.org/ports" "Searchable index of all ports"
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|
.El
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|
.Sh HISTORY
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|
The Ports Collection
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|
appeared in
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|
.Fx 1.0 .
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|
It has since spread to
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|
.Nx
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|
and
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|
.Ox .
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.Sh AUTHORS
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|
.An -nosplit
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|
This manual page was originated by
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|
.An David O'Brien .
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|
.Sh BUGS
|
|
Ports documentation is split over four places \(em
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|
.Pa /usr/ports/Mk/bsd.port.mk ,
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|
.%B "The Porter's Handbook" ,
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|
the
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|
.Dq "Packages and Ports"
|
|
chapter of
|
|
.%B "The FreeBSD Handbook" ,
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|
and
|
|
this manual page.
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