376 lines
16 KiB
Plaintext
376 lines
16 KiB
Plaintext
<!--
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$FreeBSD$
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This file contains the comments of the old TROUBLE.TXT file.
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-->
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<sect1 id="trouble">
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<title>Troubleshooting</title>
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<sect2 id="repairing">
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<title>Repairing an Existing &os; Installation</title>
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<para>&os; features a
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<quote>Fixit</quote> option in the top menu of the boot floppy.
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To use it, you will also need either a
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<filename>fixit.flp</filename> image floppy, generated in the same
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fashion as the boot floppy, or the <quote>live filesystem</quote>
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CDROM; typically the second CDROM in a multi-disc &os;
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distribution.</para>
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<para>To invoke fixit, simply boot the
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<filename>kern.flp</filename> floppy, choose the
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<quote>Fixit</quote> item and insert the fixit floppy or CDROM
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when asked. You will then be placed into a shell with a wide
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variety of commands available (in the <filename>/stand</filename>
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and <filename>/mnt2/stand</filename> directories) for checking,
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repairing and examining filesystems and their contents. Some
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UNIX administration experience <emphasis>is</emphasis> required to
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use the fixit option.</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title>Common Installation Problems for &arch.print; Architecture Users</title>
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<qandaset arch="i386,amd64">
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<qandaentry>
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<question>
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<para>My system hangs while probing hardware during boot, or it
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behaves strangely during install, or the floppy drive isn't
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probed.</para>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>&os; 5.0 and above makes extensive use of the system ACPI
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service on the i386 platform to aid in system configuration if it's
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detected during boot. Unfortunately, some bugs still exist in both
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the ACPI driver and within system motherboards and BIOS. The use
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of ACPI can be disabled by setting the
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<quote>hint.acpi.0.disabled</quote> hint in the third stage boot
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loader:</para>
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<screen>set hint.acpi.0.disabled="1"</screen>
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<para>This is reset each time the system is booted, so it is
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necessary to add <literal>hint.acpi.0.disabled="1"</literal>
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to the file
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<filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>. More information about the
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boot loader can be found in the &os; Handbook.</para>
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</answer>
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</qandaentry>
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<qandaentry arch="amd64">
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<question>
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<para>My system uses the nVidia nForce3 Pro-150 chipset and I get hangs
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at the end of boot or suddenly starts losing interrupts.</para>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>There are problems with the apic on this chipset and/or the
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bios on every machine that we had seen at the time of release.
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While disabling ACPI as above will work, a less drastic option may
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be to set the <quote>hint.apic.0.disabled</quote> hint instead.
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If you have the option in the bios, try disabling the APIC support.
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Unfortunately some machines lack this option.
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</para>
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</answer>
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</qandaentry>
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<qandaentry>
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<question>
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<para>My legacy ISA device used to be recognized in previous versions
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of &os;, but now it's not. What happened?</para>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>Some device drivers, like matcd, were removed over time due to
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lack of maintainership or other reasons. Others still exist but
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are disabled because of their intrusive hardware probe routines.
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The following ISA device drivers fall into this category and can
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re-enabled from the third stage boot loader: aha, ahv, aic, bt, ed,
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cs, sn, ie, fe, le, and lnc. To do this, stop the loader during
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it's 10 second countdown and enter the following at the
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prompt:</para>
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<screen>unset hint.foo.0.disabled</screen>
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<para>where <replaceable>foo</replaceable> is the name of the driver
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to re-enable. This can be set permanently by editing the file
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<filename>/boot/device.hints</filename> and removing the appropriate
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<quote>disabled</quote> entry.</para>
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</answer>
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</qandaentry>
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<qandaentry>
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<question>
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<para>I go to boot from the hard disk for the first time
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after installing &os;, the kernel loads and probes my
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hardware, but stops with messages like:</para>
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<screen>changing root device to ad1s1a panic: cannot mount root</screen>
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<para>What is wrong? What can I do?</para>
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<para>What is this
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<literal>bios_drive:interface(unit,partition)kernel_name</literal>
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thing that is displayed with the boot help?</para>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>There is a longstanding problem in the case where the
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boot disk is not the first disk in the system. The BIOS
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uses a different numbering scheme to &os;, and working
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out which numbers correspond to which is difficult to get
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right.</para>
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<para>In the case where the boot disk is not the first disk
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in the system, &os; can need some help finding it. There
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are two common situations here, and in both of these cases,
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you need to tell &os; where the root filesystem is. You
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do this by specifying the BIOS disk number, the disk type
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and the &os; disk number for that type.</para>
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<para>The first situation is where you have two IDE disks,
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each configured as the master on their respective IDE
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busses, and wish to boot &os; from the second disk. The
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BIOS sees these as disk 0 and disk 1, while &os; sees
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them as <devicename>ad0</devicename> and
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<devicename>ad2</devicename>.</para>
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<para>&os; is on BIOS disk 1, of type
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<literal>ad</literal> and the &os; disk number is 2, so
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you would say:</para>
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<screen><userinput>1:ad(2,a)kernel</userinput></screen>
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<para>Note that if you have a slave on the primary bus, the
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above is not necessary (and is effectively wrong).</para>
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<para>The second situation involves booting from a SCSI disk
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when you have one or more IDE disks in the system. In this
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case, the &os; disk number is lower than the BIOS disk
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number. If you have two IDE disks as well as the SCSI disk,
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the SCSI disk is BIOS disk 2, type <literal>da</literal> and
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&os; disk number 0, so you would say:</para>
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<screen><userinput>2:da(0,a)kernel</userinput></screen>
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<para>To tell &os; that you want to boot from BIOS disk
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2, which is the first SCSI disk in the system. If you only
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had one IDE disk, you would use '1:' instead.</para>
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<para>Once you have determined the correct values to use,
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you can put the command exactly as you would have typed it
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in the <filename>/boot.config</filename> file using a
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standard text editor. Unless instructed otherwise, &os;
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will use the contents of this file as the default response
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to the <literal>boot:</literal> prompt.</para>
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</answer>
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</qandaentry>
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<qandaentry>
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<question>
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<para>I go to boot from the hard disk for the first time
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after installing &os;, but the Boot Manager prompt just
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prints <literal>F?</literal> at the boot menu each time but
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the boot won't go any further.</para>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>The hard disk geometry was set incorrectly in the
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Partition editor when you installed &os;. Go back into
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the partition editor and specify the actual geometry of your
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hard disk. You must reinstall &os; again from the
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beginning with the correct geometry.</para>
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<para>If you are failing entirely in figuring out the
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correct geometry for your machine, here's a tip: Install a
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small DOS partition at the beginning of the disk and install
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&os; after that. The install program will see the DOS
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partition and try to infer the correct geometry from it,
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which usually works.</para>
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<para>The following tip is no longer recommended, but is left here
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for reference:</para>
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<blockquote>
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<para>If you are setting up a truly dedicated &os;
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server or workstation where you don't care for (future)
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compatibility with DOS, Linux or another operating system,
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you've also got the option to use the entire disk (`A' in
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the partition editor), selecting the non-standard option
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where &os; occupies the entire disk from the very first
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to the very last sector. This will leave all geometry
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considerations aside, but is somewhat limiting unless
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you're never going to run anything other than &os; on a
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disk.</para>
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</blockquote>
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</answer>
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</qandaentry>
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<qandaentry>
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<question>
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<para>The &man.mcd.4; driver keeps thinking that it has
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found a device and this stops my Intel EtherExpress card
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from working.</para>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>Set the hints
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<quote>hint.mcd.0.disabled="1"</quote> and
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<quote>hint.mcd.1.disabled="1"</quote>
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in the third stage boot loader to disable the probing
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of the <devicename>mcd0</devicename> and
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<devicename>mcd1</devicename> devices. Generally speaking,
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you should only leave the devices that you will be using
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enabled in your kernel.</para>
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</answer>
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</qandaentry>
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<qandaentry>
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<question>
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<para>The system finds my &man.ed.4; network card, but I
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keep getting device timeout errors.</para>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>Your card is probably on a different IRQ from what is
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specified in the <filename>/boot/device.hints</filename> file. The ed driver does
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not use the `soft' configuration by default (values entered
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using EZSETUP in DOS), but it will use the software
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configuration if you specify <literal>-1</literal> in the hints
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for the interface.</para>
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<para>Either move the jumper on the card to a hard
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configuration setting (altering the kernel settings if
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necessary), or specify the IRQ as <literal>-1</literal>
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by setting the hint <quote>hint.ed.0.irq="-1"</quote>
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This will tell the kernel to
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use the soft configuration.</para>
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<para>Another possibility is that your card is at IRQ 9,
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which is shared by IRQ 2 and frequently a cause of problems
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(especially when you have a VGA card using IRQ 2!). You
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should not use IRQ 2 or 9 if at all possible.</para>
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</answer>
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</qandaentry>
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<qandaentry>
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<question>
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<para>I booted the install floppy on my IBM ThinkPad (tm)
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laptop, and the keyboard is all messed up.</para>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>Older IBM laptops use a non-standard keyboard
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controller, so you must tell the keyboard driver (atkbd0) to
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go into a special mode which works on the ThinkPads. Set the
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hint <quote>hint.atkbd.0.flags="4"</quote> and it should work
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fine.</para>
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</answer>
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</qandaentry>
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<qandaentry>
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<question>
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<para>My system can not find my Intel EtherExpress 16 card.</para>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>You must set your Intel EtherExpress 16 card to be
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memory mapped at address 0xD0000, and set the amount of
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mapped memory to 32K using the Intel supplied
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<filename>softset.exe</filename> program.</para>
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</answer>
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</qandaentry>
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<qandaentry>
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<question>
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<para>When installing on an EISA HP Netserver, my on-board
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AIC-7xxx SCSI controller isn't detected.</para>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>This is a known problem, and will hopefully be fixed
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in the future. In order to get your system installed at
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all, set the hint <quote>hw.eisa_slots="12"</quote> in the
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third stage loader.</para>
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</answer>
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</qandaentry>
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<qandaentry>
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<question>
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<para>I have a Panasonic AL-N1 or Rios Chandler Pentium
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machine and I find that the system hangs before ever getting
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into the installation now.</para>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>Your machine doesn't like the new
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<literal>i586_copyout</literal> and
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<literal>i586_copyin</literal> code for some reason. To
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disable this, set the hint <quote>hint.npx.0.flags="1"</quote></para>
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</answer>
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</qandaentry>
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<qandaentry>
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<question>
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<para>I have this CMD640 IDE controller that is said to be
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broken.</para>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>&os; does not support this controller.</para>
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</answer>
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</qandaentry>
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<qandaentry>
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<question>
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<para>On a Compaq Aero notebook, I get the message <quote>No
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floppy devices found! Please check ...</quote> when trying to
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install from floppy.</para>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>With Compaq being always a little different from other
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systems, they do not announce their floppy drive in the CMOS
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RAM of an Aero notebook. Therefore, the floppy disk driver
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assumes there is no drive configured. Set the hint
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<quote>hint.fdc.0.flags="1"</quote>
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This pretends the existence of the first floppy drive (as a
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1.44 MB drive) to the driver without asking the CMOS at
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all.</para>
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</answer>
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</qandaentry>
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<qandaentry>
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<question>
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<para>When installing on a Dell Poweredge XE, Dell
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proprietary RAID controller DSA (Dell SCSI Array) isn't
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recognized.</para>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>Configure the DSA to use AHA-1540 emulation using EISA
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configuration utility. After that &os; detects the DSA
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as an Adaptec AHA-1540 SCSI controller, with irq 11 and port
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340. Under emulation mode system will use DSA RAID disks,
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but you cannot use DSA-specific features such as watching
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RAID health.</para>
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</answer>
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</qandaentry>
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<qandaentry>
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<question>
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<para>I have an IBM EtherJet PCI card, it is detected by the
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&man.fxp.4; driver correctly, but the lights on the card don't
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come on and it doesn't connect to the network.</para>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>We don't understand why this happens. Neither do IBM
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(we asked them). The card is a standard Intel EtherExpress
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Pro/100 with an IBM label on it, and these cards normally
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work just fine. You may see these symptoms only in some IBM
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Netfinity servers. The only solution is to install a
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different Ethernet adapter.</para>
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</answer>
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</qandaentry>
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<qandaentry>
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<question>
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<para>When I configure the network during installation on an
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IBM Netfinity 3500, the system freezes.</para>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>There is a problem with the onboard Ethernet in the
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Netfinity 3500 which we have not been able to identify at
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this time. It may be related to the SMP features of the
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system being misconfigured. You will have to install
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another Ethernet adapter and avoid attempting to configure
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the onboard adapter at any time.</para>
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</answer>
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</qandaentry>
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<qandaentry>
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<question>
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<para>When I install onto a drive managed by a Mylex PCI
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RAID controller, the system fails to boot (eg. with a
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<literal>read error</literal> message).</para>
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</question>
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<answer>
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<para>There is a bug in the Mylex driver which results in it
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ignoring the <quote>8GB</quote> geometry mode setting in the
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BIOS. Use the 2GB mode instead.</para>
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</answer>
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</qandaentry>
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</qandaset>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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