554 lines
18 KiB
Plaintext
554 lines
18 KiB
Plaintext
This file describes various problems that have been encountered in
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compiling, installing and running groff. Suggestions for additions or
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other improvements to this file are welcome.
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* I get lots of `numeric overflow' error messages whenever I run
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groff; I compiled groff with AT&T C++ 2.0 with an ANSI C compiler.
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Make sure -DCFRONT_ANSI_BUG is included in DEFINES in the top-level
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Makefile. If that doesn't solve the problem, define INT_MIN as
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-INT_MAX in libgroff/lib.h.
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* I get errors when I try to compile groff with Sun C++ version 5.0 or 5.1.
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This is a known problem; see Sun bug #4301919. As of this writing, no
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patch is available. Use GCC 2.95.2 or later instead.
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* I get errors when I try to compile groff with Sun C++ version 3 or
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earlier.
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Groff requires header files that are moderately compatible with AT&T
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C++ and ANSI C. With some versions of Sun C++, the supplied header
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files need some of the following changes to meet this requirement:
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<string.h> must declare the mem* functions, (just add `#include
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<memory.h>' to <string.h>); the first argument to fopen and freopen
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should be declared as `const char *'; the first argument to fread
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should be declared as `void *'; the first argument to fwrite should be
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declared as `const void *'; malloc should be declared to return `void
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*'; in <alloca.h>, the declaration `extern "C" { void
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*__builtin_alloca(int); }' should be added; declarations of getopt(),
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optarg, optind and opterr should be added to <stdlib.h>; in
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<sys/signal.h> the return type and the second argument type of
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signal() should be changed to be `void (*)(int)'.
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You can either change them in place, or copy them to some other
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directory and include that directory with a -I option.
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* I get errors when I try to compile groff with DEC C++.
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Fix the declaration of write() in <unistd.h> so that the second
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argument is a const char *. Fix the declaration of open() in
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<sys/file.h> so that the first argument is a const char *.
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* On Ultrix, the make stops with the message
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*** Error code 1
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Stop.
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for no apparent reason.
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Use GNU make.
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* I'm having problems compiling groff on 386BSD 0.1.
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If you're using ash as /bin/sh, you'll need the following patch.
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*** gendef.sh.org Sun Jun 30 13:30:36 1991
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--- gendef.sh Sun Feb 28 10:23:49 1993
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***************
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*** 3,9 ****
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file=$1
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shift
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! defs="#define $1"
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shift
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for def
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do
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--- 3,10 ----
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file=$1
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shift
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! x=$1
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! defs="#define $x"
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shift
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for def
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do
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You'll also need to change dirnamemax.c so that it doesn't use
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pathconf().
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* While compiling on Xenix, ranlib libgroff.a fails.
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The system ranlib can't handle externals longer than 40 characters.
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Use the ranlib included in demon.co.uk:/pub/xenix/g++-1.40.3a.v1
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instead.
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* Groff can't handle my troff document. It works fine with AT&T troff.
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Read the section on incompatibilities in gtroff(1). Try using the -C
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option. Alternatively there's the sed script in tmac/fixmacros.sed
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which will attempt to edit a file of macros so that it can be used
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with groff without the -C flag.
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* groff -Tdvi produces dvi files that use fonts at weird magnifications.
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Yes, it does. You may need to compile fonts with Metafont at these
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magnifications. The CompileFonts script in the devdvi/generate
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directory may help you to do this. (It will take a *long* time.)
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* pic output is not centered horizontally; pictures sometimes run off
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the bottom of the page.
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The macro package you are using is not supplying appropriate definitions
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of PS and PE. Give groff a -mpic option.
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* I'm having problems including PostScript illustrations using the PSPIC
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macro.
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A PostScript document must meet three requirements in order to be
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included with the PSPIC macro: it must comply with the Adobe Document
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Structuring Conventions; it must contain a BoundingBox line; it must
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be ``well-behaved''. The BoundingBox line should be of the form:
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%%BoundingBox: llx lly urx ury
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where llx, lly, urx, ury are the coordinates of the lower left x,
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lower left y, upper right x, upper right y of the bounding box of
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marks on the page expressed as integers in the default PostScript
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coordinate system (72 units per inch, origin at bottom left corner).
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A useful tactic is to print out the illustration by itself (you may
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need to add a `showpage' at the end), and physically measure the
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bounding box. For more detail on these requirements, read the
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specification of Encapsulated PostScript format. (This is available
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from the Adobe file server; send a message with a body of `help' to
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ps-file-server@adobe.com.)
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* I've configured groff for A4 paper, but gtroff still seems to think
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that the length of a page (as returned by \n(.p) is 11 inches.
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This is intentional. The PAGE option is used only by grops. For
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compatibility with ditroff, the default page length in gtroff is
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always 11 inches. The page length can be changed with the `pl'
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request.
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* Groff doesn't use the font names I'm used to.
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Use the `ftr' request. See gtroff(1).
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* I get errors using the Unix -ms macros with groff -e -C.
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Apply this change:
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*** /usr/lib/ms/ms.eqn Tue Apr 25 02:14:28 1989
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--- ms.eqn Sun Nov 11 10:33:59 1990
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***************
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*** 22,29 ****
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..
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. \" EN - end of a displayed equation
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.de EN
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! .if !\\*(10 .br
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.di
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.rm EZ
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.nr ZN \\n(dn
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.if \\n(ZN>0 .if \\n(YE=0 .LP
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--- 22,30 ----
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..
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. \" EN - end of a displayed equation
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.de EN
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! .if \\n(.k>0 .br
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.di
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+ .ds 10 \\*(EZ\\
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.rm EZ
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.nr ZN \\n(dn
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.if \\n(ZN>0 .if \\n(YE=0 .LP
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* gpic doesn't accept the syntax `chop N M' for chopping both ends of a
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line.
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The correct syntax is `chop N chop M'.
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* With gpic -t, when I print `line ->; box' using a dvi to ps
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program, the arrow head sticks through into the inside of the box.
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The dvi to ps program should be modified to set the line cap and
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line join parameters to 1 while printing tpic specials.
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* When I print the output groff -Tps, the output is always shifted up
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by about 0.7 inches; I'm using 8.5x11 inch paper.
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Make sure that PAGE is defined to be `letter' in the top-level
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Makefile.
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* When I try to print the output of groff -Tps, I get no output at all
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from the printer, and the log file shows the error
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%%[ error: undefined; offendingcommand: BP ]%%
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I'm using TranScript spooling software.
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This is a bug in the page reversal filter in early versions of
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TranScript. Change the `broken' parameter in
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/usr/local/lib/groff/font/devps/DESC to 7.
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* When I preview groff -Tps output using the Sun OpenWindows 2.0 pageview
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program, all the pages are displayed on top of each other.
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This is a defect in pageview. Change the `broken' parameter in
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/usr/local/lib/groff/font/devps/DESC to 2.
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* With groff -TX75, -TX100 or -X, I can only view the first page.
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The left mouse button brings up a menu that allows you to view other
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pages.
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* When I print the output of groff -Tdvi, I just get a black dot in
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upper left corner.
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Some dvi drivers (notably early versions of xtex) do not correctly
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handle dvi files that use a resolution different from that used by dvi
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files produced by TeX. Try getting a more up to date driver.
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* I get lots of errors when I use groff with the AT&T -mm macros.
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The AT&T -mm macros need a few changes to work with groff; `make
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install.dwbmm' will copy your -mm macros to groff's macro directory
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and make the necessary changes. You may need to edit the commands for
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the install.mm target in the Makefile. Alternatively use the groff
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-mm macros.
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* gtroff doesn't understand lines like `.ce99' with no space between
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the name of the request or macro and the arguments.
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Gtroff requires a space between macro or request and its arguments
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because it allows the use of long names for macros and requests. You
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can use the -C option or the `cp' request to put gtroff into a
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compatibility mode in which it is not possible to use long names for
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macros but in which no space is required between macros and their
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arguments. The use of compatibility mode is strongly discouraged.
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* gtroff gives warnings about lines like
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.ev \" a comment
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(with a tab after the .ev).
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A tab character cannot be used as a substitute for a space character
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(except in one case: between a control character at the beginning of a
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line and the name of a macro or request). For example, in Unix troff
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.ps \" restore the previous point size
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(with a tab after the .ps) will NOT restore the previous point-size;
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instead it will be silently ignored. Since this is very likely to be
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an error, gtroff can give a warning about it. If you want to align
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comments, you can do it like this:
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.ev\" \" a comment
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* I don't like the page headers and footers produced by groff -man.
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There seem to be many different styles of page header and footer
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produced by different versions of the -man macros. You will need to
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modify macros/tmac.an to suit your personal taste. For example, if
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you want the center of the page header to say
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System Programmer's Manual
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you will need to change the line
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.el .ds an-extra3 \"System Programmer's Manual
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to
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.el .ds an-extra3 System Programmer's Manual
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* While formatting a manual page, groff complains about not being able to
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break lines. The problem seems to be caused by a line like:
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.TP \w'label'+2
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The -man documentation says that the default scale indicator for TP
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macro is `n'. The groff -man macros implement this correctly, so that
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the argument will be evaluated as if it were
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\w'label'n+2n
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The Unix -man macros don't implement this correctly (probably because
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it's hard to do in Unix troff); they just append `n' to the entire
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argument, so that it will be evaluated as if it were
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\w'label'u+2n
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The solution is to fix the manual page:
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.TP \w'label'u+2
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* I'm having problems formatting Ultrix man pages with groff -man.
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The Ultrix man pages use a number of non-standard extensions to the
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Unix man macros. One solution is to use the Ultrix -man macros with
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groff. Rename /usr/local/lib/groff/tmac/tmac.an to
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/usr/local/lib/groff/tmac/tmac.an.gnu, copy /usr/lib/tmac/tmac.an to
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/usr/local/lib/groff/tmac/tmac.an and apply the following patch (from
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Frank Wortner):
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*** /usr/local/lib/groff/tmac/tmac.an Wed Sep 9 12:29:28 1992
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--- /usr/lib/tmac/tmac.an Fri Jul 24 19:58:19 1992
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***************
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*** 489,495 ****
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. \" make special case of shift out of italic
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.de }S
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.ds ]F
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! .if \\$12 .if !\\$5 .ds ]F \^
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.ie !\\$4 .}S \\$2 \\$1 "\\$3\f\\$1\\$4\\*(]F" "\\$5" "\\$6" "\\$7" "\\$8" "\\$9"
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.el \\$3
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.}f
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--- 489,495 ----
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. \" make special case of shift out of italic
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.de }S
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.ds ]F
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! .if \\$12 .if !\\$5 .ds ]F\^
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.ie !\\$4 .}S \\$2 \\$1 "\\$3\f\\$1\\$4\\*(]F" "\\$5" "\\$6" "\\$7" "\\$8" "\\$9"
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.el \\$3
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.}f
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Another possible solution is to install tmac/man.ultrix as
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/usr/local/lib/groff/tmac/man.local.
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* I'm having problems formatting HP-UX 9.0 man pages with groff -man.
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Rename /usr/local/lib/groff/tmac/tmac.an to (for example)
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/usr/local/lib/groff/tmac/tmac.gan, copy HP's tmac.an into
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/usr/local/lib/groff/tmac/tmac.an, and either put `.cp 1' at the
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beginning or filter it (and any files it .so's) through
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tmac/fixmacros.sed.
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* I'm having problems formatting man pages produced by the perl
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wrapman script.
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Some versions of wrapman have a superfluous blank line before the .TH
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line. This must be deleted. Then either use groff -C, or apply the
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following patch:
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*** wrapman.~2~ Sun Jan 19 12:10:24 1992
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--- wrapman Tue Aug 10 02:06:41 1993
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***************
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*** 35,41 ****
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$line1 .= <IN> if $line1 =~ /eval/;
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$line1 .= <IN> if $line1 =~ /argv/;
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$line2 = <IN>;
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! next if $line2 eq "'di';\n";
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# Pull the old switcheroo.
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--- 35,41 ----
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$line1 .= <IN> if $line1 =~ /eval/;
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$line1 .= <IN> if $line1 =~ /argv/;
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$line2 = <IN>;
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! next if $line2 eq "'di ';\n" || $line2 eq "'di';\n";
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# Pull the old switcheroo.
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***************
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*** 49,56 ****
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print OUT $line1;
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print OUT <<EOF;
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! 'di';
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! 'ig00';
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#
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# $header
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#
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--- 49,58 ----
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print OUT $line1;
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print OUT <<EOF;
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! 'di ';
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! 'ds 00 \\"';
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! 'eo ';
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! 'ig 00 ';
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#
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# $header
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#
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***************
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*** 72,85 ****
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# These next few lines are legal in both Perl and nroff.
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! $null.00; # finish .ig
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'di \\" finish diversion--previous line must be blank
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.nr nl 0-1 \\" fake up transition to first page again
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.nr % 0 \\" start at page 1
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! '; __END__ ##### From here on it's a standard manual page #####
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.TH $PROG 1 "$month $mday, 19$year"
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- .AT 3
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.SH NAME
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$prog \\- whatever
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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--- 74,87 ----
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# These next few lines are legal in both Perl and nroff.
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! $null.00 ; # finish .ig
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! 'ec \\';
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'di \\" finish diversion--previous line must be blank
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.nr nl 0-1 \\" fake up transition to first page again
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.nr % 0 \\" start at page 1
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! .\\"'; __END__ ##### From here on it's a standard manual page #####
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.TH $PROG 1 "$month $mday, 19$year"
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.SH NAME
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$prog \\- whatever
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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* When I preview documents using -TX75 or -TX100, the layout is not the same
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as when I print the document with -Tps: the line and page breaks come
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in different places.
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Use groff -X -Tps.
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* When I try to run gxditview, I get the error:
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Error: Widget viewport has zero width and/or height
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This error means you haven't correctly installed the application
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defaults file, GXditview.ad; ``make install'' does this for you
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automatically, so either you didn't do ``make install'', or you don't
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have imake configured correctly.
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* groff uses up an enormous amount of memory processing large files.
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I'm using 386BSD 0.1.
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386BSD includes an old version of g++, 1.39, which has a bug that
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causes a major memory leak in gtroff. Apply the following fix to g++
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and recompile groff:
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*** cplus-decl.c.~1~ Mon Aug 6 05:28:59 1990
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--- cplus-decl.c Wed Jun 5 08:55:04 1991
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***************
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*** 7951,7961 ****
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/* At the end, call delete if that's what's requested. */
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if (TREE_GETS_DELETE (current_class_type))
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exprstmt = build_method_call (build1 (NOP_EXPR, TYPE_POINTER_TO (current_class_type), error_mark_node),
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get_identifier (OPERATOR_DELETE_FORMAT),
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! build_tree_list (NULL_TREE, integer_zero_node),
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NULL_TREE, LOOKUP_NORMAL);
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else if (TYPE_USES_VIRTUAL_BASECLASSES (current_class_type))
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exprstmt = build_x_delete (ptr_type_node, current_class_decl, 0);
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else
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exprstmt = 0;
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--- 7951,7961 ----
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/* At the end, call delete if that's what's requested. */
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if (TREE_GETS_DELETE (current_class_type))
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exprstmt = build_method_call (build1 (NOP_EXPR, TYPE_POINTER_TO (current_class_type), error_mark_node),
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get_identifier (OPERATOR_DELETE_FORMAT),
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! build_tree_list (NULL_TREE, current_class_decl),
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NULL_TREE, LOOKUP_NORMAL);
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else if (TYPE_USES_VIRTUAL_BASECLASSES (current_class_type))
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exprstmt = build_x_delete (ptr_type_node, current_class_decl, 0);
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else
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exprstmt = 0;
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* Where can I get grap?
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Grap is not freely available, but there is a nawk script implementing
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an extended subset of grap available for ftp as
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ftp.informatik.uni-rostock.de:/pub/local/software/prag-1.0.shar.gz.
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* How can I use groff with an old LaserJet printer that doesn't work
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with groff -Tlj4?
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You have at least 3 options:
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- use groff -Tps with GNU Ghostscript;
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- use groff -Tdvi with a TeX .dvi to Laserjet driver;
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- use groff with the LaserJet driver in Chris Lewis' psroff package
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(available for ftp from:
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ftp.uunet.ca:/distrib/chris_lewis/psroff3.0pl17).
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* Groff seems to generate level 3 Postscript, but my printer is only a
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level 1 or 2 PostScript printer.
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In fact groff generates only level 1 PostScript. The `%!PS-Adobe-3.0'
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comment at the beginning of PostScript output generated by groff
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indicates that the file conforms to version 3.0 of the Adobe Document
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Structuring Conventions. The output generated by groff should be
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printable on any PostScript printer. Problems with groff output's not
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printing are most often caused by the spooling system.
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* The \n(st and \n(sb registers don't seem to work. I thought \w set
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them to the height and depth of its argument, but the registers always
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seem to be 0.
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\n(st and \n(sb aren't supposed to give the height and depth of the
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string rather they give the minimum and maximum vertical displacement
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of the baseline. For example for \v'2u'\v'-3u', \n(st will be 1 and
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||
\n(sb will be -2. The height and depth of the string is available in
|
||
the \n[rst] and \n[rsb] registers: these are groff extensions.
|
||
|
||
* On an SGI system, how can I make the man command use groff?
|
||
|
||
From David Hinds <dhinds@allegro.stanford.edu> (some of these steps
|
||
are unnecessary if you install with the `g' Makefile variable defined
|
||
as empty):
|
||
|
||
Create a script called 'eqn':
|
||
|
||
> #!/bin/sh
|
||
> if [ ${1:-""} = /usr/pub/eqnchar ] ; then shift ; fi
|
||
> geqn $*
|
||
|
||
and a script called 'neqn':
|
||
|
||
> #!/bin/sh
|
||
> if [ ${1:-""} = /usr/pub/eqnchar ] ; then shift ; fi
|
||
> geqn -Tascii $*
|
||
|
||
and do:
|
||
|
||
> ln -s gnroff nroff
|
||
|
||
and edit the end of the gnroff script to be:
|
||
|
||
> rest=`echo ${1+"$@"} | sed -e 's+/usr/lib/tmac+/usr/local/lib/groff/tmac+'`
|
||
> exec groff -Wall -mtty-char $T $opts $rest
|
||
|
||
To get PostScript output from 'man -t', you also need to create a
|
||
'psroff' script similar to 'nroff'. Here are the context diffs:
|
||
|
||
*** /usr/local/bin/nroff Sat Feb 13 15:51:09 1993
|
||
--- /usr/local/bin/psroff Sat Feb 13 17:45:46 1993
|
||
***************
|
||
*** 1,8 ****
|
||
#!/bin/sh
|
||
! # Emulate nroff with groff.
|
||
|
||
prog="$0"
|
||
! T=-Tascii
|
||
opts=
|
||
|
||
for i
|
||
--- 1,8 ----
|
||
#!/bin/sh
|
||
! # Emulate psroff with groff.
|
||
|
||
prog="$0"
|
||
! T=-Tps
|
||
opts=
|
||
|
||
for i
|
||
***************
|
||
*** 25,30 ****
|
||
--- 25,33 ----
|
||
-Tascii|-Tlatin1)
|
||
T=$1
|
||
;;
|
||
+ -t)
|
||
+ # ignore -- default is send to stdout
|
||
+ ;;
|
||
-T*)
|
||
# ignore other devices
|
||
;;
|
||
***************
|
||
*** 49,53 ****
|
||
rest=`echo ${1+"$@"} | sed -e 's+/usr/lib/tmac+/usr/local/lib/groff/tmac+'`
|
||
|
||
# This shell script is intended for use with man, so warnings are
|
||
# probably not wanted. Also load nroff-style character definitions.
|
||
! exec groff -Wall -mtty-char $T $opts $rest
|
||
--- 52,56 ----
|
||
rest=`echo ${1+"$@"} | sed -e 's+/usr/lib/tmac+/usr/local/lib/groff/tmac+'`
|
||
|
||
# This shell script is intended for use with man, so warnings are
|
||
! # probably not wanted.
|
||
! exec groff -Wall $T $opts $rest
|