180 lines
4.7 KiB
Groff
180 lines
4.7 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1991, 1993
|
|
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
|
|
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
|
|
.\" are met:
|
|
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
|
|
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
|
|
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
|
|
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
|
|
.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
|
|
.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
|
|
.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
|
|
.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
|
|
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
|
|
.\" without specific prior written permission.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
|
|
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
|
|
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
|
|
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
|
|
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
|
|
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
|
|
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
|
|
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
|
|
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
|
|
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
|
|
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" @(#)ns.4 8.2 (Berkeley) 11/30/93
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Dd November 30, 1993
|
|
.Dt NS 4
|
|
.Os BSD 4.3
|
|
.Sh NAME
|
|
.Nm ns
|
|
.Nd Xerox Network Systems(tm) protocol family
|
|
.Sh SYNOPSIS
|
|
.Nm options NS
|
|
.Nm options NSIP
|
|
.Nm pseudo-device ns
|
|
.Sh DESCRIPTION
|
|
The
|
|
.Tn NS
|
|
protocol family is a collection of protocols
|
|
layered atop the
|
|
.Em Internet Datagram Protocol
|
|
.Pq Tn IDP
|
|
transport layer, and using the Xerox
|
|
.Tn NS
|
|
address formats.
|
|
The
|
|
.Tn NS
|
|
family provides protocol support for the
|
|
.Dv SOCK_STREAM , SOCK_DGRAM , SOCK_SEQPACKET ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Dv SOCK_RAW
|
|
socket types; the
|
|
.Dv SOCK_RAW
|
|
interface is a debugging tool, allowing you to trace all packets
|
|
entering, (or with toggling kernel variable, additionally leaving) the local
|
|
host.
|
|
.Sh ADDRESSING
|
|
.Tn NS
|
|
addresses are 12 byte quantities, consisting of a
|
|
4 byte Network number, a 6 byte Host number and a 2 byte port number,
|
|
all stored in network standard format.
|
|
(on the
|
|
.Tn VAX
|
|
these are word and byte reversed; on the
|
|
.Tn SUN
|
|
they are not
|
|
reversed). The include file
|
|
.Aq Pa netns/ns.h
|
|
defines the
|
|
.Tn NS
|
|
address as a structure containing unions (for quicker
|
|
comparisons).
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Sockets in the Internet protocol family use the following
|
|
addressing structure:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
struct sockaddr_ns {
|
|
short sns_family;
|
|
struct ns_addr sns_addr;
|
|
char sns_zero[2];
|
|
};
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
where an
|
|
.Ar ns_addr
|
|
is composed as follows:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
union ns_host {
|
|
u_char c_host[6];
|
|
u_short s_host[3];
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
union ns_net {
|
|
u_char c_net[4];
|
|
u_short s_net[2];
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
struct ns_addr {
|
|
union ns_net x_net;
|
|
union ns_host x_host;
|
|
u_short x_port;
|
|
};
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Sockets may be created with an address of all zeroes to effect
|
|
.Dq wildcard
|
|
matching on incoming messages.
|
|
The local port address specified in a
|
|
.Xr bind 2
|
|
call is restricted to be greater than
|
|
.Dv NSPORT_RESERVED
|
|
(=3000, in
|
|
.Aq Pa netns/ns.h )
|
|
unless the creating process is running
|
|
as the super-user, providing a space of protected port numbers.
|
|
.Sh PROTOCOLS
|
|
The
|
|
.Tn NS
|
|
protocol family supported by the operating system
|
|
is comprised of
|
|
the Internet Datagram Protocol
|
|
.Pq Tn IDP
|
|
.Xr idp 4 ,
|
|
Error Protocol (available through
|
|
.Tn IDP ) ,
|
|
and
|
|
Sequenced Packet Protocol
|
|
.Pq Tn SPP
|
|
.Xr spp 4 .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
.Tn SPP
|
|
is used to support the
|
|
.Dv SOCK_STREAM
|
|
and
|
|
.Dv SOCK_SEQPACKET
|
|
abstraction,
|
|
while
|
|
.Tn IDP
|
|
is used to support the
|
|
.Dv SOCK_DGRAM
|
|
abstraction.
|
|
The Error protocol is responded to by the kernel
|
|
to handle and report errors in protocol processing;
|
|
it is, however,
|
|
only accessible to user programs through heroic actions.
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr intro 3 ,
|
|
.Xr byteorder 3 ,
|
|
.Xr gethostbyname 3 ,
|
|
.Xr getnetent 3 ,
|
|
.Xr getprotoent 3 ,
|
|
.Xr getservent 3 ,
|
|
.Xr ns 3 ,
|
|
.Xr intro 4 ,
|
|
.Xr spp 4 ,
|
|
.Xr idp 4 ,
|
|
.Xr nsip 4
|
|
.Rs
|
|
.%T "Internet Transport Protocols"
|
|
.%R Xerox Corporation document XSIS
|
|
.%N 028112
|
|
.Re
|
|
.Rs
|
|
.%T "An Advanced 4.3 BSD Interprocess Communication Tutorial"
|
|
.Re
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
protocol family
|
|
appeared in
|
|
.Bx 4.3 .
|