252 lines
7.5 KiB
Groff
252 lines
7.5 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1989, 1991, 1993
|
|
.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
|
|
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
|
|
.\" are met:
|
|
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
|
|
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
|
|
.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
|
|
.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
|
|
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
|
|
.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
|
|
.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
|
|
.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
|
|
.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
|
|
.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
|
|
.\" without specific prior written permission.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
|
|
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
|
|
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
|
|
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
|
|
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
|
|
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
|
|
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
|
|
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
|
|
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
|
|
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
|
|
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
|
|
.\"
|
|
.\" @(#)fstab.5 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
|
|
.\" $FreeBSD$
|
|
.\"
|
|
.Dd June 5, 1993
|
|
.Dt FSTAB 5
|
|
.Os
|
|
.Sh NAME
|
|
.Nm fstab
|
|
.Nd static information about the file systems
|
|
.Sh SYNOPSIS
|
|
.In fstab.h
|
|
.Sh DESCRIPTION
|
|
The file
|
|
.Nm
|
|
contains descriptive information about the various file
|
|
systems.
|
|
.Nm
|
|
is only read by programs, and not written;
|
|
it is the duty of the system administrator to properly create
|
|
and maintain this file.
|
|
Each file system is described on a separate line;
|
|
fields on each line are separated by tabs or spaces.
|
|
The order of records in
|
|
.Nm
|
|
is important because
|
|
.Xr fsck 8 ,
|
|
.Xr mount 8 ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Xr umount 8
|
|
sequentially iterate through
|
|
.Nm
|
|
doing their thing.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The first field,
|
|
.Pq Fa fs_spec ,
|
|
describes the block special device or
|
|
remote file system to be mounted.
|
|
For file systems of type
|
|
.Em ufs ,
|
|
the special file name is the block special file name,
|
|
and not the character special file name.
|
|
If a program needs the character special file name,
|
|
the program must create it by appending a ``r'' after the
|
|
last ``/'' in the special file name.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The second field,
|
|
.Pq Fa fs_file ,
|
|
describes the mount point for the file system.
|
|
For swap partitions, this field should be specified as ``none''.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The third field,
|
|
.Pq Fa fs_vfstype ,
|
|
describes the type of the file system.
|
|
The system can support various file system types.
|
|
Only the root, /usr, and /tmp file systems need be statically
|
|
compiled into the kernel;
|
|
everything else will be automatically loaded at mount
|
|
time.
|
|
(Exception: the UFS family - FFS and LFS cannot
|
|
currently be demand-loaded.)
|
|
Some people still prefer to statically
|
|
compile other file systems as well.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The fourth field,
|
|
.Pq Fa fs_mntops ,
|
|
describes the mount options associated with the file system.
|
|
It is formatted as a comma separated list of options.
|
|
It contains at least the type of mount (see
|
|
.Fa fs_type
|
|
below) plus any additional options
|
|
appropriate to the file system type.
|
|
See the options flag
|
|
.Pq Fl o
|
|
in the
|
|
.Xr mount 8
|
|
page and the file system specific page, such as
|
|
.Xr mount_nfs 8 ,
|
|
for additional options that may be specified.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the options ``userquota'' and/or ``groupquota'' are specified,
|
|
the file system is automatically processed by the
|
|
.Xr quotacheck 8
|
|
command, and user and/or group disk quotas are enabled with
|
|
.Xr quotaon 8 .
|
|
By default,
|
|
file system quotas are maintained in files named
|
|
.Pa quota.user
|
|
and
|
|
.Pa quota.group
|
|
which are located at the root of the associated file system.
|
|
These defaults may be overridden by putting an equal sign
|
|
and an alternative absolute pathname following the quota option.
|
|
Thus, if the user quota file for
|
|
.Pa /tmp
|
|
is stored in
|
|
.Pa /var/quotas/tmp.user ,
|
|
this location can be specified as:
|
|
.Bd -literal -offset indent
|
|
userquota=/var/quotas/tmp.user
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the option ``noauto'' is specified, the file system will not be automatically
|
|
mounted at system startup.
|
|
Note that, for network file systems
|
|
of third party types
|
|
(i.e., types supported by additional software
|
|
not included in the base system)
|
|
to be automatically mounted at system startup,
|
|
the
|
|
.Va extra_netfs_types
|
|
.Xr rc.conf 5
|
|
variable must be used to extend the
|
|
.Xr rc 8
|
|
startup script's list of network file system types.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The type of the mount is extracted from the
|
|
.Fa fs_mntops
|
|
field and stored separately in the
|
|
.Fa fs_type
|
|
field (it is not deleted from the
|
|
.Fa fs_mntops
|
|
field).
|
|
If
|
|
.Fa fs_type
|
|
is ``rw'' or ``ro'' then the file system whose name is given in the
|
|
.Fa fs_file
|
|
field is normally mounted read-write or read-only on the
|
|
specified special file.
|
|
If
|
|
.Fa fs_type
|
|
is ``sw'' then the special file is made available as a piece of swap
|
|
space by the
|
|
.Xr swapon 8
|
|
command at the end of the system reboot procedure.
|
|
The fields other than
|
|
.Fa fs_spec
|
|
and
|
|
.Fa fs_type
|
|
are unused.
|
|
If
|
|
.Fa fs_type
|
|
is specified as ``xx'' the entry is ignored.
|
|
This is useful to show disk partitions which are currently unused.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The fifth field,
|
|
.Pq Fa fs_freq ,
|
|
is used for these file systems by the
|
|
.Xr dump 8
|
|
command to determine which file systems need to be dumped.
|
|
If the fifth field is not present, a value of zero is returned and
|
|
.Nm dump
|
|
will assume that the file system does not need to be dumped.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The sixth field,
|
|
.Pq Fa fs_passno ,
|
|
is used by the
|
|
.Xr fsck 8
|
|
program to determine the order in which file system checks are done
|
|
at reboot time.
|
|
The root file system should be specified with a
|
|
.Fa fs_passno
|
|
of 1, and other file systems should have a
|
|
.Fa fs_passno
|
|
of 2.
|
|
File systems within a drive will be checked sequentially,
|
|
but file systems on different drives will be checked at the
|
|
same time to utilize parallelism available in the hardware.
|
|
If the sixth field is not present or is zero,
|
|
a value of zero is returned and
|
|
.Xr fsck 8
|
|
will assume that the file system does not need to be checked.
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
#define FSTAB_RW "rw" /* read/write device */
|
|
#define FSTAB_RQ "rq" /* read/write with quotas */
|
|
#define FSTAB_RO "ro" /* read-only device */
|
|
#define FSTAB_SW "sw" /* swap device */
|
|
#define FSTAB_XX "xx" /* ignore totally */
|
|
|
|
struct fstab {
|
|
char *fs_spec; /* block special device name */
|
|
char *fs_file; /* file system path prefix */
|
|
char *fs_vfstype; /* File system type, ufs, nfs */
|
|
char *fs_mntops; /* Mount options ala -o */
|
|
char *fs_type; /* FSTAB_* from fs_mntops */
|
|
int fs_freq; /* dump frequency, in days */
|
|
int fs_passno; /* pass number on parallel fsck */
|
|
};
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The proper way to read records from
|
|
.Pa fstab
|
|
is to use the routines
|
|
.Xr getfsent 3 ,
|
|
.Xr getfsspec 3 ,
|
|
.Xr getfstype 3 ,
|
|
and
|
|
.Xr getfsfile 3 .
|
|
.Sh FILES
|
|
.Bl -tag -width /etc/fstab -compact
|
|
.It Pa /etc/fstab
|
|
The file
|
|
.Nm
|
|
resides in
|
|
.Pa /etc .
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr getfsent 3 ,
|
|
.Xr getvfsbyname 3 ,
|
|
.Xr dump 8 ,
|
|
.Xr fsck 8 ,
|
|
.Xr mount 8 ,
|
|
.Xr quotacheck 8 ,
|
|
.Xr quotaon 8 ,
|
|
.Xr swapon 8 ,
|
|
.Xr umount 8
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
file format appeared in
|
|
.Bx 4.0 .
|