4197 lines
178 KiB
Plaintext
4197 lines
178 KiB
Plaintext
# tzdb data for Europe and environs
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# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
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# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
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# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
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# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
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# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
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# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
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# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10):
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#
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# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
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# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
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# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
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# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
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#
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# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
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# for time zone data was the International Air Transport
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# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
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# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
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# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
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# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
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#
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# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
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# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
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#
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# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
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# entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
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#
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# Other sources occasionally used include:
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#
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# Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
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# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
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# which I found in the UCLA library.
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#
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# William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
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# <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf>
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# [PDF] (1914-03)
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#
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# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
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# <https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. He writes:
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# "It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables
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# may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society,
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# Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org.
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#
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# Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
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# This Russian-language source was consulted by Vladimir Karpinsky; see
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# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-August/021320.html
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# The full Russian citation is:
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# Бялокоз, Евгений Людвигович. Новый счет времени в течении суток
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# введенный декретом Совета народных комиссаров для всей России с 1-го
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# июля 1919 г. / Изд. 2-е Междуведомственной комиссии. - Петроград:
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# Десятая гос. тип., 1919.
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# http://resolver.gpntb.ru/purl?docushare/dsweb/Get/Resource-2011/Byalokoz__E.L.__Novyy__schet__vremeni__v__techenie__sutok__izd__2(1).pdf
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#
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# Brazil's Divisão Serviço da Hora (DSHO),
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# History of Summer Time
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# <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm>
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# (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
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#
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# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
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# the rest are variants of the "xMT" pattern for a city's mean time,
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# or are from other sources. Corrections are welcome!
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# std dst 2dst
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# LMT Local Mean Time
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# -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic
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# 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer
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# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
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# 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe
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# 0:19:32.13 AMT* NST* Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)
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# 1:00 BST British Standard (1968-1971)
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# 1:00 IST GMT Irish Standard (1968-) with winter DST
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# 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
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# 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)
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# 1:36:34 RMT* LST* Riga, Latvian Summer (1880-1926)*
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# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
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# 3:00 MSK MSD MDST* Moscow
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# From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04), re EEC/EC/EU members:
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# The original six: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
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# Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
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# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
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# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
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# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.
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# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for
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# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8%
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# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous
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# referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice.
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# Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.)
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# ...
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# Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT.
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# I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.
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# ...
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# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules].
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# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact
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# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the
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# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed
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# in the Directive.
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###############################################################################
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# Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire)
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# From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06):
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#
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# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about
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# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo
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# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph
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# of the text said:
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#
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# 'An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands
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# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude
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# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed
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# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They
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# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament,
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# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking
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# along the towpath within a few yards of it.'
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#
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# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's
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# position is 51° 28' 30" N, 0° 18' 45" W. The longitude should
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# be within about ±2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761.
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#
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# [This yields STDOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.]
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# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
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#
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# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time.
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# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time,
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# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country.
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# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828)
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# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903).
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# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway
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# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most
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# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the
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# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be
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# adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it.
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# The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian,
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# and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many
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# railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public
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# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock
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# on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands,
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# one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal
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# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading
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# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13.
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# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition
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# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02.
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#
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# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single
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# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much
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# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time.
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# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-19):
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# The ancients had no need for daylight saving, as they kept time
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# informally or via hours whose length depended on the time of year.
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# Daylight saving time in its modern sense was invented by the
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# New Zealand entomologist George Vernon Hudson (1867-1946),
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# whose day job as a postal clerk led him to value
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# after-hours daylight in which to pursue his research.
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# In 1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society
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# that proposed a two-hour daylight-saving shift. See:
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# Hudson GV. On seasonal time-adjustment in countries south of lat. 30°.
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# Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 1895;28:734
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# http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_28/rsnz_28_00_006110.html
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# Although some interest was expressed in New Zealand, his proposal
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# did not find its way into law and eventually it was almost forgotten.
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#
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# In England, DST was independently reinvented by William Willett (1857-1915),
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# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society
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# who circulated a pamphlet "The Waste of Daylight" (1907)
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# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
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# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September.
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# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times,
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# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests.
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# Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and
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# it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916.
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# See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18).
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# A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in
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# a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular
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# subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith,
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# designed by G. W. Miller, is the William Willett Memorial Sundial,
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# which is permanently set to Summer Time.
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# From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28):
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# It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of
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# summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country
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# between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which
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# plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the
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# foundations of civilization throughout the world.
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# -- "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly;
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# republished in Finest Hour (Spring 2002) 1(114):26
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# https://www.winstonchurchill.org/publications/finest-hour/finest-hour-114/a-silent-toast-to-william-willett-by-winston-s-churchill
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# From Paul Eggert (2015-08-08):
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# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving"
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# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this
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# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the
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# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer".
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# The term "Summer Time" was introduced by Herbert Samuel, Home Secretary; see:
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# Viscount Samuel. Leisure in a Democracy. Cambridge University Press
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# ISBN 978-1-107-49471-8 (1949, reissued 2015), p 8.
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# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):
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# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's
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# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.
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# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed)
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# From: Jonathan Leffler
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# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament.
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# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in
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# politics making a fortune, not computing.
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# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14):
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# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the
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# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published
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# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and
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# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T."
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# From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02):
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# ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the
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# main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516)
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# agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945).
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# From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03):
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# On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir
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# Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any
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# official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't
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# but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British
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# Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally.
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# https://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/bbc-19410418.png
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# https://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ho-19410421.png
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# From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21):
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# [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time
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# which is to be introduced in May....
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# I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time"
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# which could not be said to run counter to any official description.
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# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
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# Howse writes (p 157) 'DBST' too, but 'BDST' seems to have been common
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# and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first,
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# so we use 'BDST'.
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# Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length
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# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom.
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# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating
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# and extending this list, which can be found in
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# https://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/
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# From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06):
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#
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# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC;
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# see Lord Tanlaw's speech
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# https://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199798/ldhansrd/vo970611/text/70611-10.htm#70611-10_head0
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# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976).
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# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
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#
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# For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948.
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#
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# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger
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# are incorrect:
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# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until
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# 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain.
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# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880.
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# * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1.
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# It actually just had one transition.
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# * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II.
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# Actually, it conformed to Britain.
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# * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18.
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# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time.
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# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change).
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#
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# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger:
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# * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT
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# to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to
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# conform with Great Britain.
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# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise.
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#
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# The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful;
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# we'll ignore it for now.
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# * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00.
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# From Paul Eggert (2017-12-04):
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#
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# Dunsink Observatory (8 km NW of Dublin's center) was to Dublin as
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# Greenwich was to London. For example:
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#
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# "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time."
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# -- James Joyce, Ulysses
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#
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# The abbreviation DMT stood for "Dublin Mean Time" or "Dunsink Mean Time";
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# this being Ireland, opinions differed.
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#
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# Whitman says Dublin/Dunsink Mean Time was UT-00:25:21, which agrees
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# with measurements of recent visitors to the Meridian Room of Dunsink
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# Observatory; see Malone D. Dunsink and timekeeping. 2016-01-24.
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# <https://www.maths.tcd.ie/~dwmalone/time/dunsink.html>. Malone
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# writes that the Nautical Almanac listed UT-00:25:22 until 1896, when
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# it moved to UT-00:25:21.1 (I confirmed that the 1893 edition used
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# the former and the 1896 edition used the latter). Evidently the
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# news of this change propagated slowly, as Milne 1899 still lists
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# UT-00:25:22 and cites the International Telegraph Bureau. As it is
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# not clear that there was any practical significance to the change
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# from UT-00:25:22 to UT-00:25:21.1 in civil timekeeping, omit this
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# transition for now and just use the latter value, omitting its
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# fraction since our format cannot represent fractions.
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# "Countess Markievicz ... claimed that the [1916] abolition of Dublin Mean Time
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# was among various actions undertaken by the 'English' government that
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# would 'put the whole country into the SF (Sinn Féin) camp'. She claimed
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# Irish 'public feeling (was) outraged by forcing of English time on us'."
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# -- Parsons M. Dublin lost its time zone - and 25 minutes - after 1916 Rising.
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# Irish Times 2014-10-27.
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# https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/dublin-lost-its-time-zone-and-25-minutes-after-1916-rising-1.1977411
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# From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26):
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# Irish laws are available online at <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie>.
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# These include various relating to legal time, for example:
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#
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# ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html
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#
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# ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html
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# ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html
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#
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# ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html
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# ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html
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# ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html
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#
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# ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html
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# ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html
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# ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html
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#
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# [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is
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# <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA13Y1923.html>.]
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#
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# (These are those I found, but there could be more. In any case these
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# should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover
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# the laws applicable in Ireland.)
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#
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# (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined
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# in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it
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# is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time
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# being GMT+1.)
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# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28):
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# Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31)
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# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time
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# (CT), equivalent to French civil time.
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# Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that
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# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door)
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# and Frethun run in CT.
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# My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities,
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# the French concession operators and the British civil authorities,
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# and that the time depends on who you're talking to.
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# If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason,
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# I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST.
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# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST.
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# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02):
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# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94,
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# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive No. 94/21/EC.
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||
# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate
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# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of
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# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is
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# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST".
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#
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# From Paul Eggert (2017-12-07):
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||
# The 1996 anonymous contributor's goal was to determine the correct
|
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# abbreviation for summer time in Dublin and so the contributor
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# focused on the "IST", not on the "Irish Summer Time". Though the
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# "IST" was correct, the "Irish Summer Time" appears to have been an
|
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# error, as Ireland's Standard Time (Amendment) Act, 1971 states that
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# standard time in Ireland remains at UT +01 and is observed in
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# summer, and that Greenwich mean time is observed in winter. (Thanks
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||
# to Derick Rethans for pointing out the error.) That is, when
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# Ireland amended the 1968 act that established UT +01 as Irish
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||
# Standard Time, it left standard time unchanged and established GMT
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# as a negative daylight saving time in winter. So, in this database
|
||
# IST stands for Irish Summer Time for timestamps before 1968, and for
|
||
# Irish Standard Time after that. See:
|
||
# http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1971/act/17/enacted/en/print
|
||
|
||
# Michael Deckers (2017-06-01) gave the following URLs for Ireland's
|
||
# Summer Time Act, 1925 and Summer Time Orders, 1926 and 1947:
|
||
# http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1925/act/8/enacted/en/print
|
||
# http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1926/sro/919/made/en/print
|
||
# http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1947/sro/71/made/en/print
|
||
|
||
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
||
# Summer Time Act, 1916
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT
|
||
# S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT
|
||
# S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT
|
||
# S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT
|
||
# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
||
# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT
|
||
# S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT
|
||
# S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT
|
||
# The Summer Time Act, 1922
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
||
# The Summer Time Act, 1925
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
||
# S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
|
||
# S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
||
# S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
|
||
# S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
|
||
# S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST
|
||
# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
|
||
# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
||
# The Summer Time Act, 1947
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT
|
||
# Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495)
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT
|
||
# Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373)
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT
|
||
# Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518)
|
||
# Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430)
|
||
# Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451)
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT
|
||
# revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
||
# Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71)
|
||
# Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465)
|
||
# Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81)
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
|
||
# Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101)
|
||
# Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201)
|
||
# Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148)
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
||
# Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117)
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
||
# The British Standard Time Act, 1968
|
||
# (no summer time)
|
||
# The Summer Time Act, 1972
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
|
||
# Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089)
|
||
# Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673)
|
||
# Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223)
|
||
# Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931)
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT
|
||
# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985)
|
||
# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)
|
||
# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
|
||
Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT
|
||
# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
|
||
# See EU for rules starting in 1996.
|
||
#
|
||
# Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man.
|
||
|
||
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s
|
||
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
|
||
1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
|
||
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
|
||
0:00 EU GMT/BST
|
||
Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey
|
||
Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey
|
||
Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-15):
|
||
# In January 2018 we discovered that the negative SAVE values in the
|
||
# Eire rules cause problems with tests for ICU:
|
||
# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2018-January/025825.html
|
||
# and with tests for OpenJDK:
|
||
# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2018-January/025822.html
|
||
#
|
||
# To work around this problem, the build procedure can translate the
|
||
# following data into two forms, one with negative SAVE values and the
|
||
# other form with a traditional approximation for Irish timestamps
|
||
# after 1971-10-31 02:00 UTC; although this approximation has tm_isdst
|
||
# flags that are reversed, its UTC offsets are correct and this often
|
||
# suffices. This source file currently uses only nonnegative SAVE
|
||
# values, but this is intended to change and downstream code should
|
||
# not rely on it.
|
||
#
|
||
# The following is like GB-Eire and EU, except with standard time in
|
||
# summer and negative daylight saving time in winter. It is for when
|
||
# negative SAVE values are used.
|
||
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
||
Rule Eire 1971 only - Oct 31 2:00u -1:00 -
|
||
Rule Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00u 0 -
|
||
Rule Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00u -1:00 -
|
||
Rule Eire 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 0 -
|
||
Rule Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u -1:00 -
|
||
Rule Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u -1:00 -
|
||
Rule Eire 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u -1:00 -
|
||
|
||
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
|
||
-0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00s
|
||
-0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s
|
||
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence
|
||
0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00s
|
||
0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00s
|
||
0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00s
|
||
0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00s
|
||
0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00s
|
||
0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27
|
||
# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST.
|
||
1:00 Eire IST/GMT
|
||
# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk.
|
||
# 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
|
||
# 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996
|
||
# 0:00 EU GMT/IST
|
||
# End of rearguard section.
|
||
|
||
|
||
###############################################################################
|
||
|
||
# Europe
|
||
|
||
# The following rules are for the European Union and for its
|
||
# predecessor organization, the European Communities.
|
||
# For brevity they are called "EU rules" elsewhere in this file.
|
||
|
||
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
||
Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S
|
||
Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
|
||
Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 -
|
||
Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
|
||
Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
|
||
Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
|
||
# The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See:
|
||
# Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
|
||
# of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements.
|
||
# http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT
|
||
|
||
# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
|
||
Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
|
||
|
||
# Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables.
|
||
# From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time.
|
||
Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
|
||
Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule C-Eur 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
|
||
Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 -
|
||
# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-07-13):
|
||
#
|
||
# I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s
|
||
# in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was
|
||
# corrected in version 2008d). The circumstantial evidence is simply the
|
||
# tz database itself, as seen below:
|
||
#
|
||
# Zone Europe/Paris ...
|
||
# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
|
||
#
|
||
# Zone Europe/Monaco ...
|
||
# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
|
||
#
|
||
# Zone Europe/Belgrade ...
|
||
# 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
|
||
#
|
||
# Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
|
||
# Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
|
||
# Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
|
||
#
|
||
# The rule line to be changed is:
|
||
#
|
||
# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 -
|
||
#
|
||
# It seems that Paris, Monaco, Rule France, Rule Belgium all agree on
|
||
# 2:00 standard time, e.g. 3:00 local time. However there are no
|
||
# countries that use C-Eur rules in September 1945, so the only items
|
||
# affected are apparently these fictitious zones that translate acronyms
|
||
# CET and MET:
|
||
#
|
||
# Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
|
||
# Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT
|
||
#
|
||
# It this is right then the corrected version would look like:
|
||
#
|
||
# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
|
||
#
|
||
# A small step for mankind though 8-)
|
||
Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
|
||
|
||
# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time.
|
||
Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
|
||
Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
||
Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
|
||
Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
|
||
|
||
|
||
# Daylight saving time for Russia and the Soviet Union
|
||
#
|
||
# The 1917-1921 decree URLs are from Alexander Belopolsky (2016-08-23).
|
||
|
||
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
||
Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time
|
||
#
|
||
# Decree No. 142 (1917-12-22) http://istmat.info/node/28137
|
||
Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time
|
||
#
|
||
# Decree No. 497 (1918-05-30) http://istmat.info/node/30001
|
||
Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time
|
||
Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST
|
||
#
|
||
# Decree No. 258 (1919-05-29) http://istmat.info/node/37949
|
||
Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST
|
||
#
|
||
Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 0:00u 1:00 MSD
|
||
Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 MSK
|
||
#
|
||
# Decree No. 63 (1921-02-03) http://istmat.info/node/45840
|
||
Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 MSD
|
||
#
|
||
# Decree No. 121 (1921-03-07) http://istmat.info/node/45949
|
||
Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 +05
|
||
#
|
||
Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 MSD
|
||
Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
||
# Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24):
|
||
Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
||
# Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in
|
||
# Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14):
|
||
Rule Russia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Russia 1985 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
#
|
||
Rule Russia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
|
||
# As described below, Russia's 2014 change affects Zone data, not Rule data.
|
||
|
||
# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
|
||
# Wikipedia and other sources refer to the Act of the Council of
|
||
# Ministers of the USSR from 1988-01-04 No. 5 and the Act of the
|
||
# Council of Ministers of the USSR from 1989-03-14 No. 227.
|
||
#
|
||
# I did not find full texts of these acts. For the 1989 one we have
|
||
# title at https://base.garant.ru/70754136/ :
|
||
# "About change in calculation of time on the territories of
|
||
# Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR and Estonian SSR, Astrakhan,
|
||
# Kaliningrad, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk and Uralsk oblasts".
|
||
# And http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt appears to
|
||
# contain quotes from both acts: Since last Sunday of March 1988 rules
|
||
# of the second time belt are installed in Volgograd and Saratov
|
||
# oblasts. Since last Sunday of March 1989:
|
||
# a) Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, Estonian SSR, Kaliningrad oblast:
|
||
# second time belt rules without extra hour (Moscow-1);
|
||
# b) Astrakhan, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk oblasts: second time belt
|
||
# rules (Moscow time)
|
||
# c) Uralsk oblast: third time belt rules (Moscow+1).
|
||
|
||
# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27):
|
||
# Unamended version of the act of the
|
||
# Government of the Russian Federation No. 23 from 08.01.1992
|
||
# http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102014034&rdk=0
|
||
# says that every year clocks were to be moved forward on last Sunday
|
||
# of March at 2 hours and moved backwards on last Sunday of September
|
||
# at 3 hours. It was amended in 1996 to replace September with October.
|
||
|
||
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14):
|
||
# According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev
|
||
# signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011.
|
||
# According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time.
|
||
#
|
||
# Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian):
|
||
# http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583
|
||
#
|
||
# Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian):
|
||
# https://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html
|
||
|
||
# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
|
||
# Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered
|
||
# to be standard.
|
||
|
||
# These are for backward compatibility with older versions.
|
||
|
||
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT
|
||
Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
|
||
Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT
|
||
Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT
|
||
|
||
# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST
|
||
# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage.
|
||
|
||
# From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12):
|
||
# The official German names ... are
|
||
#
|
||
# Mitteleuropäische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00
|
||
# Mitteleuropäische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00
|
||
#
|
||
# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz über die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG),
|
||
# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111)....
|
||
# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution
|
||
#
|
||
# Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
|
||
# Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit"
|
||
# Postfach 3345
|
||
# D-38023 Braunschweig
|
||
# phone: +49 531 592-0
|
||
#
|
||
# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB
|
||
# department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the
|
||
# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as
|
||
#
|
||
# Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00
|
||
# Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00
|
||
|
||
|
||
# Albania
|
||
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
||
Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914
|
||
1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16
|
||
1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul
|
||
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
||
|
||
# Andorra
|
||
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901
|
||
0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30
|
||
1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00
|
||
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
||
|
||
# Austria
|
||
|
||
# Milne says Vienna time was 1:05:21.
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and
|
||
# 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and
|
||
# Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged"
|
||
# date of 1945-04-12 with no time. For the 1980-04-06 transition
|
||
# Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00. Go with the BEV,
|
||
# and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12.
|
||
|
||
# From Alois Triendl (2019-07-22):
|
||
# In 1946 the end of DST was on Monday, 7 October 1946, at 3:00 am.
|
||
# Shanks had this right. Source: Die Weltpresse, 5. Oktober 1946, page 5.
|
||
|
||
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
||
Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Austria 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Austria 1947 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
|
||
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:21 - LMT 1893 Apr
|
||
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920
|
||
1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s
|
||
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
|
||
1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s
|
||
1:00 - CET 1946
|
||
1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981
|
||
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
||
|
||
# Belarus
|
||
#
|
||
# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-07-02):
|
||
# http://www.lawbelarus.com/repub/sub30/texf9611.htm
|
||
# (Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus from
|
||
# 1992-03-25 No. 157) ... says clocks were to be moved forward at 2:00
|
||
# on last Sunday of March and backward at 3:00 on last Sunday of September
|
||
# (the same as previous USSR and contemporary Russian regulations).
|
||
#
|
||
# From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16):
|
||
# By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to
|
||
# GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST).
|
||
#
|
||
# Sources (Russian language):
|
||
# http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html
|
||
# http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/
|
||
# https://news.tut.by/society/250578.html
|
||
#
|
||
# From Alexander Bokovoy (2014-10-09):
|
||
# Belarussian government decided against changing to winter time....
|
||
# http://eng.belta.by/all_news/society/Belarus-decides-against-adjusting-time-in-Russias-wake_i_76335.html
|
||
#
|
||
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
|
||
1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time
|
||
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
|
||
3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28
|
||
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3
|
||
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
|
||
3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
||
2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
|
||
3:00 - +03
|
||
|
||
# Belgium
|
||
#
|
||
# From Michael Deckers (2019-08-25):
|
||
# The exposition in the web page
|
||
# https://www.bestor.be/wiki/index.php/Voyager_dans_le_temps._L%E2%80%99introduction_de_la_norme_de_Greenwich_en_Belgique
|
||
# gives several contemporary sources from which one can conclude that
|
||
# the switch in Europe/Brussels on 1892-05-01 was from 00:17:30 to 00:00:00.
|
||
#
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-28):
|
||
# This quote helps explain the late-1914 situation:
|
||
# In early November 1914, the Germans imposed the time zone used in central
|
||
# Europe and forced the inhabitants to set their watches and public clocks
|
||
# sixty minutes ahead. Many were reluctant to accept "German time" and
|
||
# continued to use "Belgian time" among themselves. Reflecting the spirit of
|
||
# resistance that arose in the population, a song made fun of this change....
|
||
# The song ended:
|
||
# Putting your clock forward
|
||
# Will but hasten the happy hour
|
||
# When we kick out the Boches!
|
||
# See: Pluvinage G. Brussels on German time. Cahiers Bruxellois -
|
||
# Brusselse Cahiers. 2014;XLVI(1E):15-38.
|
||
# https://www.cairn.info/revue-cahiers-bruxellois-2014-1E-page-15.htm
|
||
#
|
||
# Entries from 1914 through 1917 are taken from "De tijd in België"
|
||
# <https://www.astro.oma.be/GENERAL/INFO/nli001a.html>.
|
||
# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from:
|
||
# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique,
|
||
# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe année, 1991
|
||
# (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC),
|
||
# pp 8-9.
|
||
# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for the 1918/1991 references.
|
||
# The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium.
|
||
# Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect.
|
||
#
|
||
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
||
Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
# DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd
|
||
# Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier),
|
||
# to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15
|
||
# changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT.
|
||
Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
|
||
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880
|
||
0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 00:17:30
|
||
0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8
|
||
1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00
|
||
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u
|
||
0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s
|
||
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3
|
||
1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
|
||
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
||
|
||
# Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
||
# See Europe/Belgrade.
|
||
|
||
# Bulgaria
|
||
#
|
||
# From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
|
||
# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No. 94/1997) says:
|
||
# EET -> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
|
||
# EETDST -> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October
|
||
#
|
||
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
||
Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 -
|
||
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880
|
||
1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
|
||
2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00
|
||
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
|
||
1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00
|
||
2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00
|
||
2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 3:00
|
||
2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
|
||
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
|
||
2:00 EU EE%sT
|
||
|
||
# Croatia
|
||
# See Europe/Belgrade.
|
||
|
||
# Cyprus
|
||
# Please see the 'asia' file for Asia/Nicosia.
|
||
|
||
# Czech Republic / Czechia
|
||
#
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2018-04-15):
|
||
# The source for Czech data is: Kdy začíná a končí letní čas. 2018-04-15.
|
||
# https://kalendar.beda.cz/kdy-zacina-a-konci-letni-cas
|
||
# We know of no English-language name for historical Czech winter time;
|
||
# abbreviate it as "GMT", as it happened to be GMT.
|
||
#
|
||
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
||
Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Czech 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Czech 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850
|
||
0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time
|
||
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 9
|
||
1:00 Czech CE%sT 1946 Dec 1 3:00
|
||
# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST.
|
||
1:00 -1:00 GMT 1947 Feb 23 2:00
|
||
# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk.
|
||
# 0:00 - GMT 1947 Feb 23 2:00
|
||
# End of rearguard section.
|
||
1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979
|
||
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
||
# Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia.
|
||
|
||
# Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland
|
||
|
||
# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
|
||
# the law [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01....
|
||
# The page https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1893/83
|
||
# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29.
|
||
#
|
||
# The EU [actually, EEC and Euratom] treaty with effect from 1973:
|
||
# https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1972/21100
|
||
#
|
||
# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes
|
||
# in subsequent decrees with the law
|
||
# https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1974/223
|
||
#
|
||
# It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have
|
||
# not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST
|
||
# changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to
|
||
# 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from
|
||
# the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know
|
||
# when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only
|
||
# confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981:
|
||
# The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning
|
||
# working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which
|
||
# was suspended on that night):
|
||
# https://web.archive.org/web/20140104053304/https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=60267
|
||
|
||
# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-06-11):
|
||
# The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between
|
||
# Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two.
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11):
|
||
# Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not
|
||
# wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980.
|
||
|
||
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
||
Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 -
|
||
#
|
||
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890
|
||
0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT
|
||
1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
|
||
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
|
||
1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980
|
||
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
||
Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Tórshavn
|
||
0:00 - WET 1981
|
||
0:00 EU WE%sT
|
||
#
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31):
|
||
# During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in
|
||
# East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones.
|
||
# My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard.
|
||
#
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2017-12-10):
|
||
# Greenland joined the European Communities as part of Denmark,
|
||
# obtained home rule on 1979-05-01, and left the European Communities
|
||
# on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU
|
||
# rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthåb
|
||
# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU
|
||
# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980.
|
||
|
||
# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-06), citing
|
||
# <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15),
|
||
# and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen:
|
||
#
|
||
# Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC
|
||
# is according to the following time line:
|
||
#
|
||
# The military zone near Thule UTC-4
|
||
# Standard Greenland time UTC-3
|
||
# Scoresbysund UTC-1
|
||
# Danmarkshavn UTC
|
||
#
|
||
# In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be
|
||
# introduced.
|
||
|
||
# From Rives McDow (2001-11-01):
|
||
#
|
||
# I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at
|
||
# the time to clarify the situation in Thule. Unfortunately, I have
|
||
# not heard back from them regarding my recent letter. [But I have
|
||
# info from earlier correspondence.]
|
||
#
|
||
# According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule
|
||
# Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight
|
||
# savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time....
|
||
#
|
||
# The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund
|
||
# uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst.
|
||
# There are just a few stations on this coast, including the
|
||
# Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th
|
||
# email. The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in
|
||
# Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the
|
||
# DPC research station at Zackenberg.
|
||
#
|
||
# Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use
|
||
# the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthåb).
|
||
#
|
||
# The rest of Greenland, including Godthåb (this area, although it
|
||
# includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time
|
||
# UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules.
|
||
#
|
||
# It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and
|
||
# North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators
|
||
# maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of
|
||
# this area is that it sticks with Godthåb time. This area might be
|
||
# considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this.
|
||
|
||
# From Rives McDow (2001-11-19):
|
||
# I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place
|
||
# there at 2:00 AM.
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
|
||
# From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT;
|
||
# the 1995 map as like Godthåb.
|
||
# For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthåb before 1996.
|
||
# startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error,
|
||
# so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year.
|
||
# For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules.
|
||
|
||
# From J William Piggott (2016-02-20):
|
||
# "Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund" is officially named
|
||
# "National Park" by Executive Order:
|
||
# http://naalakkersuisut.gl/~/media/Nanoq/Files/Attached%20Files/Engelske-tekster/Legislation/Executive%20Order%20National%20Park.rtf
|
||
# It is their only National Park.
|
||
#
|
||
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
||
Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
|
||
Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
|
||
Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
|
||
Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
|
||
Rule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
|
||
Rule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
|
||
#
|
||
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
|
||
-3:00 - -03 1980 Apr 6 2:00
|
||
-3:00 EU -03/-02 1996
|
||
0:00 - GMT
|
||
#
|
||
# Use the old name Scoresbysund, as the current name Ittoqqortoormiit
|
||
# exceeds tzdb's 14-letter limit and has no common English abbreviation.
|
||
Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
|
||
-2:00 - -02 1980 Apr 6 2:00
|
||
-2:00 C-Eur -02/-01 1981 Mar 29
|
||
-1:00 EU -01/+00
|
||
Zone America/Nuuk -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Godthåb
|
||
-3:00 - -03 1980 Apr 6 2:00
|
||
-3:00 EU -03/-02
|
||
Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik
|
||
-4:00 Thule A%sT
|
||
|
||
# Estonia
|
||
#
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
|
||
# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
|
||
#
|
||
# From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15):
|
||
# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
|
||
# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,
|
||
# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989....
|
||
#
|
||
# From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28):
|
||
# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s,
|
||
# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:]
|
||
# "I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
|
||
# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules
|
||
# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia....
|
||
# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
|
||
# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to
|
||
# summer time next spring."
|
||
|
||
# From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
|
||
# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law
|
||
# http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390
|
||
# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between
|
||
# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22-27, 120).
|
||
#
|
||
# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation
|
||
# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg"
|
||
# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time).
|
||
|
||
# From The Baltic Times <https://www.baltictimes.com/> (1999-09-09)
|
||
# via Steffen Thorsen:
|
||
# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time,
|
||
# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6....
|
||
# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European
|
||
# Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory
|
||
# for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do
|
||
# after that.
|
||
|
||
# From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29):
|
||
# Regulation No. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation
|
||
# No. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all
|
||
# the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01.
|
||
|
||
# From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21):
|
||
# The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics.
|
||
# Now we are using again EU rules.
|
||
#
|
||
# From Urmet Jänes (2002-03-28):
|
||
# The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21.
|
||
|
||
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880
|
||
1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
|
||
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul
|
||
1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May
|
||
2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6
|
||
3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15
|
||
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22
|
||
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
|
||
2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s
|
||
2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22
|
||
2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Oct 31 4:00
|
||
2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21
|
||
2:00 EU EE%sT
|
||
|
||
# Finland
|
||
|
||
# From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC):
|
||
# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
|
||
# and it's supposed to change at 4am...
|
||
|
||
# From Janne Snabb (2010-07-15):
|
||
#
|
||
# I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982.
|
||
# During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour
|
||
# earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made
|
||
# according to the central European standards.
|
||
#
|
||
# This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac
|
||
# Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in
|
||
# Finnish) at
|
||
# https://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf
|
||
#
|
||
# Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings
|
||
# transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills.
|
||
#
|
||
# This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at:
|
||
# http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401
|
||
#
|
||
# The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not
|
||
# exist tonight."
|
||
|
||
# From Konstantin Hyppönen (2014-06-13):
|
||
# [Heikki Oja's book Aikakirja 2013]
|
||
# https://almanakka.helsinki.fi/images/aikakirja/Aikakirja2013kokonaan.pdf
|
||
# pages 104-105, including a scan from a newspaper published on Apr 2 1942
|
||
# say that ... [o]n Apr 2 1942, 24 o'clock (which means Apr 3 1942,
|
||
# 00:00), clocks were moved one hour forward. The newspaper
|
||
# mentions "on the night from Thursday to Friday"....
|
||
# On Oct 4 1942, clocks were moved at 1:00 one hour backwards.
|
||
#
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-14):
|
||
# Go with Oja over Shanks.
|
||
|
||
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
||
Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 2 24:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 4 1:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
|
||
|
||
# Milne says Helsinki (Helsingfors) time was 1:39:49.2 (official document);
|
||
# round to nearest.
|
||
|
||
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:49 - LMT 1878 May 31
|
||
1:39:49 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time
|
||
2:00 Finland EE%sT 1983
|
||
2:00 EU EE%sT
|
||
|
||
# Åland Is
|
||
Link Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn
|
||
|
||
|
||
# France
|
||
|
||
# From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20):
|
||
#
|
||
# Henri Le Corre, Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, Éditions
|
||
# Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993
|
||
#
|
||
# Gabriel, Traité de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Trédaniel,
|
||
# Paris, 1991
|
||
#
|
||
# Françoise Gauquelin, Problèmes de l'heure résolus en astrologie,
|
||
# Guy Trédaniel, Paris 1987
|
||
|
||
# From Michael Deckers (2020-06-11):
|
||
# the law of 1891 <https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k64415343.texteImage>
|
||
# was published on 1891-03-15, so it could only take force on 1891-03-16.
|
||
|
||
# From Michael Deckers (2020-06-10):
|
||
# Le Gaulois, 1911-03-11, page 1/6, online at
|
||
# https://www.retronews.fr/societe/echo-de-presse/2018/01/29/1911-change-lheure-de-paris
|
||
# ... [ Instantly, all pressure driven clock dials halted... Nine minutes and
|
||
# twenty-one seconds later the hands resumed their circular motion. ]
|
||
# There are also precise reports about how the change was prepared in train
|
||
# stations: all the publicly visible clocks stopped at midnight railway time
|
||
# (or were covered), only the chief of service had a watch, labeled
|
||
# "Heure ancienne", that he kept running until it reached 00:04:21, when
|
||
# he announced "Heure nouvelle". See the "Le Petit Journal 1911-03-11".
|
||
# https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6192911/f1.item.zoom
|
||
#
|
||
# From Michael Deckers (2020-06-12):
|
||
# That "all French clocks stopped" for 00:09:21 is a misreading of French
|
||
# newspapers; this sort of adjustment applies only to certain
|
||
# remote-controlled clocks ("pendules pneumatiques", of which there existed
|
||
# perhaps a dozen in Paris, and which simply could not be set back remotely),
|
||
# but not to all the clocks in all French towns and villages. For instance,
|
||
# the following story in the "Courrier de Saône-et-Loire" 1911-03-11, page 2:
|
||
# only works if legal time was stepped back (was not monotone): ...
|
||
# [One can observe that children who had been born at midnight less 5
|
||
# minutes and who had died at midnight of the old time, would turn out to
|
||
# be dead before being born, time having been set back and having
|
||
# suppressed 9 minutes and 25 seconds of their existence, that is, more
|
||
# than they could spend.]
|
||
#
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2020-06-12):
|
||
# French time in railway stations was legally five minutes behind civil time,
|
||
# which explains why railway "old time" ran to 00:04:21 instead of to 00:09:21.
|
||
# The law's text (which Michael Deckers noted is at
|
||
# <https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k2022333z/f2>) says only that
|
||
# at 1911-03-11 00:00 legal time was that of Paris mean time delayed by
|
||
# nine minutes and twenty-one seconds, and does not say how the
|
||
# transition from Paris mean time was to occur.
|
||
#
|
||
# tzdb has no way to represent stopped clocks. As the railway practice
|
||
# was to keep a watch running on "old time" to decide when to restart
|
||
# the other clocks, this could be modeled as a transition for "old time" at
|
||
# 00:09:21. However, since the law was ambiguous and clocks outside railway
|
||
# stations were probably done haphazardly with the popular impression being
|
||
# that the transition was done at 00:00 "old time", simply leave the time
|
||
# blank; this causes zic to default to 00:00 "old time" which is good enough.
|
||
# Do something similar for the 1891-03-16 transition. There are similar
|
||
# problems in Algiers, Monaco and Tunis.
|
||
|
||
#
|
||
# Shank & Pottenger seem to use '24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman.
|
||
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
||
Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
# DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st
|
||
# Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions
|
||
# were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
|
||
Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
|
||
# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger
|
||
# write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations.
|
||
# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arnéguy, Orthez,
|
||
# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamothe-Montravel, Marœuil, La
|
||
# Rochefoucauld, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes,
|
||
# Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin,
|
||
# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalon-sur-Saône, Arbois,
|
||
# Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie).
|
||
Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
|
||
# Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00,
|
||
# but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12),
|
||
# who quotes the Ephémérides astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes
|
||
# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT.
|
||
Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M
|
||
Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M
|
||
Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M
|
||
Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M
|
||
Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
|
||
# Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00;
|
||
# go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT.
|
||
Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 -
|
||
# Howse writes that the time in France was officially based
|
||
# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC.
|
||
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 16
|
||
0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
|
||
# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre.
|
||
0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00
|
||
# Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation;
|
||
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
|
||
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25
|
||
0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
|
||
1:00 France CE%sT 1977
|
||
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
||
|
||
# Germany
|
||
|
||
# From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29):
|
||
# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische
|
||
# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
|
||
# [See tz-link.html for the URL.]
|
||
|
||
# From Jörg Schilling (2002-10-23):
|
||
# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by
|
||
# https://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/
|
||
# General [Nikolai] Bersarin.
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08):
|
||
# http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf
|
||
# says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20.
|
||
# However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so
|
||
# this was equivalent to UT +03, not +04.
|
||
|
||
|
||
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
||
Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
||
# http://www.ptb.de/de/org/4/44/441/salt.htm says the following transition
|
||
# occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ given in Shanks & Pottenger.
|
||
# Go with the PTB.
|
||
Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 3:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M
|
||
Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
|
||
Rule SovietZone 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
|
||
Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
|
||
|
||
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr
|
||
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 24 2:00
|
||
1:00 SovietZone CE%sT 1946
|
||
1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980
|
||
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
||
|
||
# From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12):
|
||
# Büsingen <http://www.buesingen.de>, surrounded by the Swiss canton
|
||
# Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE
|
||
# (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did.
|
||
# DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1,
|
||
# which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin.
|
||
#
|
||
# Source for the time in Büsingen 1980:
|
||
# http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3
|
||
|
||
# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03):
|
||
# Büsingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970.
|
||
|
||
Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Busingen
|
||
|
||
# Georgia
|
||
# Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi.
|
||
# Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni)
|
||
# is in Europe. Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part.
|
||
|
||
# Gibraltar
|
||
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s
|
||
0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00
|
||
1:00 - CET 1982
|
||
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
||
|
||
# Greece
|
||
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
||
# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
|
||
Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
|
||
# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
|
||
Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
|
||
Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
|
||
# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
|
||
Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
|
||
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14
|
||
1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT
|
||
2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30
|
||
1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4
|
||
2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981
|
||
# Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981;
|
||
# go with EU rules instead, since Greece joined Jan 1.
|
||
2:00 EU EE%sT
|
||
|
||
# Hungary
|
||
|
||
# From Michael Deckers (2020-06-09):
|
||
# an Austrian encyclopedia of railroads of 1913, online at
|
||
# http://www.zeno.org/Roell-1912/A/Eisenbahnzeit
|
||
# says that the switch [to CET] happened on 1890-11-01.
|
||
|
||
# From Géza Nyáry (2020-06-07):
|
||
# Data for 1918-1983 are based on the archive database of Library Hungaricana.
|
||
# The dates are collected from original, scanned governmental orders,
|
||
# bulletins, instructions and public press.
|
||
# [See URLs below.]
|
||
|
||
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
||
# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/OGYK_RT_1918/?pg=238
|
||
# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/OGYK_RT_1919/?pg=808
|
||
# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/OGYK_RT_1920/?pg=201
|
||
Rule Hungary 1918 1919 - Apr 15 2:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Hungary 1918 1920 - Sep Mon>=15 3:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00 1:00 S
|
||
# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/OGYK_RT_1945/?pg=882
|
||
Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 -
|
||
# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/Delmagyarorszag_1946_03/?pg=49
|
||
Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/Delmagyarorszag_1946_09/?pg=54
|
||
Rule Hungary 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 -
|
||
# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/KulfBelfHirek_1947_04_1__001-123/?pg=90
|
||
# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DunantuliNaplo_1947_09/?pg=128
|
||
# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/KulfBelfHirek_1948_03_3__001-123/?pg=304
|
||
# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/Zala_1948_09/?pg=64
|
||
# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/SatoraljaujhelyiLeveltar_ZempleniNepujsag_1948/?pg=53
|
||
# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/SatoraljaujhelyiLeveltar_ZempleniNepujsag_1948/?pg=160
|
||
# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/UjSzo_1949_01-04/?pg=102
|
||
# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/KeletMagyarorszag_1949_03/?pg=96
|
||
# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/Delmagyarorszag_1949_09/?pg=94
|
||
Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
||
# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DTT_KOZL_TanacsokKozlonye_1954/?pg=513
|
||
Rule Hungary 1954 only - May 23 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Hungary 1954 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
|
||
# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DTT_KOZL_TanacsokKozlonye_1955/?pg=398
|
||
Rule Hungary 1955 only - May 22 2:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Hungary 1955 only - Oct 2 3:00 0 -
|
||
# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/HevesMegyeiNepujsag_1956_06/?pg=0
|
||
# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/EszakMagyarorszag_1956_06/?pg=6
|
||
# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/SzolnokMegyeiNeplap_1957_04/?pg=120
|
||
# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/PestMegyeiHirlap_1957_09/?pg=143
|
||
Rule Hungary 1956 1957 - Jun Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Hungary 1956 1957 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
|
||
# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DTT_KOZL_TanacsokKozlonye_1980/?pg=189
|
||
Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Hungary 1980 only - Sep 28 1:00 0 -
|
||
# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DTT_KOZL_TanacsokKozlonye_1980/?pg=1227
|
||
# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/Delmagyarorszag_1981_01/?pg=79
|
||
# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DTT_KOZL_TanacsokKozlonye_1982/?pg=115
|
||
# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DTT_KOZL_TanacsokKozlonye_1983/?pg=85
|
||
Rule Hungary 1981 1983 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Hungary 1981 1983 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
|
||
#
|
||
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Nov 1
|
||
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918
|
||
# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/OGYK_RT_1941/?pg=1204
|
||
# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/OGYK_RT_1942/?pg=3955
|
||
1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 7 23:00
|
||
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
|
||
1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1984
|
||
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
||
|
||
# Iceland
|
||
#
|
||
# From Adam David (1993-11-06):
|
||
# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT.
|
||
#
|
||
# (1993-12-05):
|
||
# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of
|
||
# Iceland Almanak.
|
||
#
|
||
# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour
|
||
# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts
|
||
# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavík mean solar time which
|
||
# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT.
|
||
#
|
||
# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks
|
||
# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the
|
||
# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always
|
||
# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars.
|
||
#
|
||
# (1993-12-10):
|
||
# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the
|
||
# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus
|
||
# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question.
|
||
# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day
|
||
# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday.
|
||
# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style"
|
||
# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it
|
||
# might mean something else (???).
|
||
#
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2014-11-22):
|
||
# The information below is taken from the 1988 Almanak; see
|
||
# http://www.almanak.hi.is/klukkan.html
|
||
#
|
||
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
||
Rule Iceland 1917 1919 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 -
|
||
Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Iceland 1918 1919 - Nov 16 1:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Iceland 1921 only - Mar 19 23:00 1:00 -
|
||
Rule Iceland 1921 only - Jun 23 1:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 -
|
||
Rule Iceland 1939 only - Oct 29 2:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 -
|
||
Rule Iceland 1940 1941 - Nov Sun>=2 1:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Iceland 1941 1942 - Mar Sun>=2 1:00s 1:00 -
|
||
# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter
|
||
Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 -
|
||
Rule Iceland 1942 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
|
||
# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
|
||
Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 -
|
||
# 1949 and 1967 Oct transitions delayed by 1 week
|
||
Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 -
|
||
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:28 - LMT 1908
|
||
-1:00 Iceland -01/+00 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
|
||
0:00 - GMT
|
||
|
||
# Italy
|
||
#
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
|
||
# Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893,
|
||
# called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32).
|
||
# During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time.
|
||
# But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff,
|
||
# so record only the time in Rome.
|
||
#
|
||
# From Stephen Trainor (2019-05-06):
|
||
# http://www.ac-ilsestante.it/MERIDIANE/ora_legale/ORA_LEGALE_ESTIVA_IN_ITALIA.htm
|
||
# ... the [1866] law went into effect on 12 December 1866, rather than
|
||
# the date of the decree (22 Sep 1866)
|
||
# https://web.archive.org/web/20070824155341/http://www.iav.it/planetario/didastro/didastro/english.htm
|
||
# ... "In Italy in 1866 there were 6 railway times (Torino, Verona, Firenze,
|
||
# Roma, Napoli, Palermo). On that year it was decided to unify them, adopting
|
||
# the average time of Rome (even if this city was not yet part of the
|
||
# kingdom). On the 12th December 1866, on the starting of the winter time
|
||
# table, it took effect in the railways, the post office and the telegraph,
|
||
# not only for the internal service but also for the public.... Milano set
|
||
# the public watches on the Rome time on the same day (12th December 1866),
|
||
# Torino and Bologna on the 1st January 1867, Venezia the 1st May 1880 and the
|
||
# last city was Cagliari in 1886."
|
||
#
|
||
# From Luigi Rosa (2019-05-07):
|
||
# this is the scan of the decree:
|
||
# http://www.radiomarconi.com/marconi/filopanti/1866c.jpg
|
||
#
|
||
# From Michael Deckers (2016-10-24):
|
||
# http://www.ac-ilsestante.it/MERIDIANE/ora_legale quotes a law of 1893-08-10
|
||
# ... [translated as] "The preceding dispositions will enter into
|
||
# force at the instant at which, according to the time specified in
|
||
# the 1st article, the 1st of November 1893 will begin...."
|
||
#
|
||
# From Pierpaolo Bernardi (2016-10-20):
|
||
# The authoritative source for time in Italy is the national metrological
|
||
# institute, which has a summary page of historical DST data at
|
||
# http://www.inrim.it/res/tf/ora_legale_i.shtml
|
||
# [now at http://oldsite.inrim.it/res/tf/ora_legale_i.shtml as of 2017]
|
||
# (2016-10-24):
|
||
# http://www.renzobaldini.it/le-ore-legali-in-italia/
|
||
# has still different data for 1944. It divides Italy in two, as
|
||
# there were effectively two governments at the time, north of Gothic
|
||
# Line German controlled territory, official government RSI, and south
|
||
# of the Gothic Line, controlled by allied armies.
|
||
#
|
||
# From Brian Inglis (2016-10-23):
|
||
# Viceregal LEGISLATIVE DECREE. 14 September 1944, no. 219.
|
||
# Restoration of Standard Time. (044U0219) (OJ 62 of 30.9.1944) ...
|
||
# Given the R. law decreed on 1944-03-29, no. 92, by which standard time is
|
||
# advanced to sixty minutes later starting at hour two on 1944-04-02; ...
|
||
# Starting at hour three on the date 1944-09-17 standard time will be resumed.
|
||
#
|
||
# From Alois Triendl (2019-07-02):
|
||
# I spent 6 Euros to buy two archive copies of Il Messaggero, a Roman paper,
|
||
# for 1 and 2 April 1944. The edition of 2 April has this note: "Tonight at 2
|
||
# am, put forward the clock by one hour. Remember that in the night between
|
||
# today and Monday the 'ora legale' will come in force again." That makes it
|
||
# clear that in Rome the change was on Monday, 3 April 1944 at 2 am.
|
||
#
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-27):
|
||
# Go with INRiM for DST rules, except as corrected by Inglis for 1944
|
||
# for the Kingdom of Italy. This is consistent with Renzo Baldini.
|
||
# Model Rome's occupation by using C-Eur rules from 1943-09-10
|
||
# to 1944-06-04; although Rome was an open city during this period, it
|
||
# was effectively controlled by Germany.
|
||
#
|
||
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
||
Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 24:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Italy 1916 1917 - Sep 30 24:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Italy 1917 only - Mar 31 24:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 9 24:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Italy 1918 only - Oct 6 24:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 1 24:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Italy 1919 only - Oct 4 24:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 18 24:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 14 24:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Italy 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Italy 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Italy 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Italy 1944 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 1:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Italy 1966 only - Sep 24 24:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Italy 1967 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
|
||
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Dec 12
|
||
0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Oct 31 23:49:56 # Rome Mean
|
||
1:00 Italy CE%sT 1943 Sep 10
|
||
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jun 4
|
||
1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980
|
||
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
||
|
||
Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican
|
||
Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
|
||
|
||
# Latvia
|
||
|
||
# From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17):
|
||
|
||
# I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy
|
||
# of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the
|
||
# correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about
|
||
# changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981....
|
||
#
|
||
# Act No. 35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ...
|
||
# according to the Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24
|
||
# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
|
||
# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00)
|
||
# and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00).
|
||
#
|
||
# Act No. 592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ...
|
||
# according to the Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13
|
||
# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
|
||
# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
|
||
# (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of
|
||
# September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day).
|
||
#
|
||
# Act No. 81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ...
|
||
# according to the Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14
|
||
# ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR,
|
||
# Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the
|
||
# time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia
|
||
# transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
|
||
# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of
|
||
# daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00
|
||
# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is
|
||
# 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock....
|
||
#
|
||
# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of
|
||
# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of
|
||
# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union.
|
||
|
||
# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06):
|
||
# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in
|
||
# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of
|
||
# 29-Feb-2000 (No. 79) <http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm>,
|
||
# in Latvian for subscribers only).
|
||
|
||
# From RFE/RL Newsline
|
||
# http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html
|
||
# (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow:
|
||
# The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will
|
||
# institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported.
|
||
# Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their
|
||
# clocks one hour in the spring....
|
||
# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvītis noted that Latvia had too few
|
||
# daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European
|
||
# Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving
|
||
# time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government
|
||
# urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it
|
||
# appears that they will not do so....
|
||
|
||
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
||
Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
|
||
|
||
# Milne 1899 says Riga was 1:36:28 (Polytechnique House time).
|
||
# Byalokoz 1919 says Latvia was 1:36:34.
|
||
# Go with Byalokoz.
|
||
|
||
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:34 - LMT 1880
|
||
1:36:34 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 # Riga MT
|
||
1:36:34 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 # Latvian ST
|
||
1:36:34 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00
|
||
1:36:34 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00
|
||
1:36:34 - RMT 1926 May 11
|
||
2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5
|
||
3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul
|
||
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13
|
||
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s
|
||
2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s
|
||
2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21
|
||
2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29
|
||
2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2
|
||
2:00 EU EE%sT
|
||
|
||
# Liechtenstein
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-09):
|
||
# Shanks & Pottenger say Vaduz is like Zurich.
|
||
|
||
# From Alois Treindl (2019-07-04):
|
||
# I was able to access the online archive of the Vaduz paper Vaterland ...
|
||
# I could confirm from the paper that Liechtenstein did in fact follow
|
||
# the same DST in 1941 and 1942 as Switzerland did.
|
||
|
||
Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz
|
||
|
||
|
||
# Lithuania
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
|
||
# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
|
||
# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
|
||
# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.
|
||
|
||
# From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07):
|
||
# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone
|
||
# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed.
|
||
|
||
# From ELTA No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29) <http://www.elta.lt/>,
|
||
# via Steffen Thorsen:
|
||
# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours)
|
||
# to be valid here starting from October 31,
|
||
# as decided by the national government on Wednesday....
|
||
# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a
|
||
# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was
|
||
# already done by Estonia.
|
||
|
||
# From the Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism
|
||
# <http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm> (2000-03-27):
|
||
# Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving.
|
||
|
||
# From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07):
|
||
# As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will
|
||
# observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid
|
||
# down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its
|
||
# neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of
|
||
# 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at
|
||
# http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm
|
||
|
||
|
||
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880
|
||
1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time
|
||
1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
|
||
1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12
|
||
2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9
|
||
1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3
|
||
3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24
|
||
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug
|
||
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
|
||
2:00 Russia EE%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
|
||
2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998
|
||
2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u
|
||
1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u
|
||
2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1
|
||
2:00 EU EE%sT
|
||
|
||
# Luxembourg
|
||
# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways;
|
||
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
|
||
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
||
Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S
|
||
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun
|
||
1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25
|
||
0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
|
||
0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00
|
||
1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00
|
||
1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
|
||
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
||
|
||
# North Macedonia
|
||
# See Europe/Belgrade.
|
||
|
||
# Malta
|
||
#
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-21):
|
||
# Assume 1900-1972 was like Rome, overriding Shanks.
|
||
#
|
||
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
||
Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
|
||
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta
|
||
1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31
|
||
1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981
|
||
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
||
|
||
# Moldova
|
||
|
||
# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
|
||
# the act of the government of the Republic of Moldova Nr. 132 from 1990-05-04
|
||
# http://lex.justice.md/viewdoc.php?action=view&view=doc&id=298782&lang=2
|
||
# ... says that since 1990-05-06 on the territory of the Moldavian SSR
|
||
# time would be calculated as the standard time of the second time belt
|
||
# plus one hour of the "summer" time. To implement that clocks would be
|
||
# adjusted one hour backwards at 1990-05-06 2:00. After that "summer"
|
||
# time would be cancelled last Sunday of September at 3:00 and
|
||
# reintroduced last Sunday of March at 2:00.
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
|
||
# A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write
|
||
# that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00.
|
||
# However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence
|
||
# on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree).
|
||
# In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area
|
||
# and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time.
|
||
# But [two people] separately reported via
|
||
# Jesper Nørgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau.
|
||
# The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now.
|
||
#
|
||
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17):
|
||
# Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as
|
||
# "Pridnestrovie") has abolished seasonal clock change (no transition
|
||
# to the Winter Time).
|
||
#
|
||
# News (in Russian):
|
||
# http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html
|
||
# http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html
|
||
#
|
||
# The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry)
|
||
# is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17)
|
||
#
|
||
# From Tim Parenti (2011-10-19)
|
||
# In addition, being situated at +4651+2938 would give Tiraspol
|
||
# a pre-1880 LMT offset of 1:58:32.
|
||
#
|
||
# (which agrees with the earlier entry that had been removed)
|
||
#
|
||
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-26)
|
||
# NO need to divide Moldova into two timezones at this point.
|
||
# As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own
|
||
# decision to abolish DST this winter.
|
||
# Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)-
|
||
# Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011.
|
||
# News from Moldova (in russian):
|
||
# https://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html
|
||
|
||
# From Roman Tudos (2015-07-02):
|
||
# http://lex.justice.md/index.php?action=view&view=doc&lang=1&id=355077
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2015-07-01):
|
||
# The abovementioned official link to IGO1445-868/2014 states that
|
||
# 2014-10-26's fallback transition occurred at 03:00 local time. Also,
|
||
# https://www.trm.md/en/social/la-30-martie-vom-trece-la-ora-de-vara
|
||
# says the 2014-03-30 spring-forward transition was at 02:00 local time.
|
||
# Guess that since 1997 Moldova has switched one hour before the EU.
|
||
|
||
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
||
Rule Moldova 1997 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Moldova 1997 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 -
|
||
|
||
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880
|
||
1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
|
||
1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
|
||
2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15
|
||
2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17
|
||
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24
|
||
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 May 6 2:00
|
||
2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992
|
||
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
|
||
# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules.
|
||
2:00 Moldova EE%sT
|
||
|
||
# Monaco
|
||
#
|
||
# From Michael Deckers (2020-06-12):
|
||
# In the "Journal de Monaco" of 1892-05-24, online at
|
||
# https://journaldemonaco.gouv.mc/var/jdm/storage/original/application/b1c67c12c5af11b41ea888fb048e4fe8.pdf
|
||
# we read: ...
|
||
# [In virtue of a Sovereign Ordinance of the May 13 of the current [year],
|
||
# legal time in the Principality will be set to, from the date of June 1,
|
||
# 1892 onwards, to the meridian of Paris, as in France.]
|
||
# In the "Journal de Monaco" of 1911-03-28, online at
|
||
# https://journaldemonaco.gouv.mc/var/jdm/storage/original/application/de74ffb7db53d4f599059fe8f0ed482a.pdf
|
||
# we read an ordinance of 1911-03-16: ...
|
||
# [Legal time in the Principality will be set, from the date of promulgation
|
||
# of the present ordinance, to legal time in France.... Consequently, legal
|
||
# time will be retarded by 9 minutes and 21 seconds.]
|
||
#
|
||
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1892 Jun 1
|
||
0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 29 # Paris Mean Time
|
||
0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
|
||
1:00 France CE%sT 1977
|
||
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
||
|
||
# Montenegro
|
||
# See Europe/Belgrade.
|
||
|
||
# Netherlands
|
||
|
||
# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
|
||
# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
|
||
|
||
# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01):
|
||
# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00
|
||
# Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including
|
||
# the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time
|
||
# (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the
|
||
# common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was
|
||
# not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law.
|
||
# On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and
|
||
# was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd").
|
||
#
|
||
# (2001-04-08):
|
||
# 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to
|
||
# observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common
|
||
# practice of following Amsterdam mean time.
|
||
#
|
||
# (2001-04-09):
|
||
# In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the
|
||
# municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe
|
||
# Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was
|
||
# actually followed.
|
||
#
|
||
# From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to
|
||
# observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of
|
||
# Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most
|
||
# places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically
|
||
# adopted Amsterdam mean time.
|
||
#
|
||
# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety
|
||
# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it
|
||
# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe
|
||
# Amsterdam mean time.
|
||
|
||
# The data entries before 1945 are taken from
|
||
# https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/wettijd/wettijd.htm
|
||
|
||
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
||
Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
|
||
Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
|
||
Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
|
||
Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT
|
||
Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
|
||
Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT
|
||
Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
|
||
Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT
|
||
Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
|
||
Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
|
||
Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
|
||
# From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week
|
||
# in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend.
|
||
Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
|
||
Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
|
||
Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
|
||
Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
|
||
Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
|
||
#
|
||
# Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13, but the .13 is omitted
|
||
# below because the current format requires STDOFF to be an integer.
|
||
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835
|
||
0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1
|
||
0:20 Neth +0020/+0120 1940 May 16 0:00
|
||
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
|
||
1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977
|
||
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
||
|
||
# Norway
|
||
# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks &
|
||
# Pottenger.
|
||
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
||
Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1
|
||
1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00
|
||
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
|
||
1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980
|
||
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
||
|
||
# Svalbard & Jan Mayen
|
||
|
||
# From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01):
|
||
# Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and
|
||
# Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the
|
||
# time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared
|
||
# as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan
|
||
# Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From
|
||
# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html> and
|
||
# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html>). The law/regulation
|
||
# for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came
|
||
# into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a
|
||
# part of this law since 1925/1930. (From
|
||
# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html>) I have not been
|
||
# able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100)
|
||
# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabited" since 1921 by
|
||
# Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever
|
||
# since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since
|
||
# before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere
|
||
# between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive).
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-04):
|
||
#
|
||
# Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II,
|
||
# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was
|
||
# keeping Berlin time.
|
||
#
|
||
# <https://www.jan-mayen.no/history.htm> says that the meteorologists
|
||
# burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in
|
||
# 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite
|
||
# frequent air attacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a
|
||
# radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly
|
||
# the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that
|
||
# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules.
|
||
#
|
||
# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an
|
||
# Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says
|
||
# <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ
|
||
# <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were
|
||
# expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return,
|
||
# and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954)
|
||
# http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html
|
||
# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named
|
||
# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945.
|
||
#
|
||
# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Oslo
|
||
# for these regions.
|
||
Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen
|
||
|
||
# Poland
|
||
|
||
# The 1919 dates and times can be found in Tygodnik Urzędowy nr 1 (1919-03-20),
|
||
# <http://www.wbc.poznan.pl/publication/32156> pp 1-2.
|
||
|
||
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
||
Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
|
||
Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
|
||
# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
|
||
Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
|
||
# For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski,
|
||
# Toruń Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U.,
|
||
# https://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1
|
||
# Thanks to Przemysław Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference.
|
||
# He also gives these further references:
|
||
# Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm>
|
||
# Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf>
|
||
Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Poland 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Poland 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Poland 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
|
||
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880
|
||
1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time
|
||
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00
|
||
2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun
|
||
1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00
|
||
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
|
||
1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977
|
||
1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1988
|
||
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
||
|
||
# Portugal
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne:
|
||
# According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26)
|
||
# https://dre.pt/application/dir/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
|
||
# Lisbon was at -0:36:44.68, but switched to GMT on 1912-01-01 at 00:00.
|
||
# Round the old offset to -0:36:45. This agrees with Willett....
|
||
#
|
||
# From Michael Deckers (2018-02-15):
|
||
# article 5 [of the 1911 decree; Deckers's translation] ...:
|
||
# These dispositions shall enter into force at the instant at which,
|
||
# according to the 2nd article, the civil day January 1, 1912 begins,
|
||
# all clocks therefore having to be advanced or set back correspondingly ...
|
||
|
||
# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12):
|
||
# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
|
||
# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
|
||
#
|
||
# Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
|
||
# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
|
||
# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
|
||
#
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12):
|
||
# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions
|
||
# at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos.
|
||
# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00.
|
||
# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00.
|
||
# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal
|
||
# harmonized with EU rules), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter.
|
||
#
|
||
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
||
# DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not
|
||
# done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules.
|
||
# Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
|
||
Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S
|
||
# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
|
||
Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
|
||
Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
|
||
Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
|
||
# Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman.
|
||
Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
|
||
Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
|
||
Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman.
|
||
Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer
|
||
Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M
|
||
Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M
|
||
Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
||
# Shanks & Pottenger say DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman.
|
||
# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
|
||
Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
#
|
||
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:45 - LMT 1884
|
||
-0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 0:00u # Lisbon MT
|
||
0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00
|
||
1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00
|
||
0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
|
||
0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
|
||
1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u
|
||
0:00 EU WE%sT
|
||
# This Zone can be simplified once we assume zic %z.
|
||
Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada
|
||
-1:54:32 - HMT 1912 Jan 1 2:00u # Horta MT
|
||
-2:00 Port -02/-01 1942 Apr 25 22:00s
|
||
-2:00 Port +00 1942 Aug 15 22:00s
|
||
-2:00 Port -02/-01 1943 Apr 17 22:00s
|
||
-2:00 Port +00 1943 Aug 28 22:00s
|
||
-2:00 Port -02/-01 1944 Apr 22 22:00s
|
||
-2:00 Port +00 1944 Aug 26 22:00s
|
||
-2:00 Port -02/-01 1945 Apr 21 22:00s
|
||
-2:00 Port +00 1945 Aug 25 22:00s
|
||
-2:00 Port -02/-01 1966 Apr 3 2:00
|
||
-1:00 Port -01/+00 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
|
||
-1:00 W-Eur -01/+00 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
|
||
0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u
|
||
-1:00 EU -01/+00
|
||
# This Zone can be simplified once we assume zic %z.
|
||
Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal
|
||
-1:07:36 - FMT 1912 Jan 1 1:00u # Funchal MT
|
||
-1:00 Port -01/+00 1942 Apr 25 22:00s
|
||
-1:00 Port +01 1942 Aug 15 22:00s
|
||
-1:00 Port -01/+00 1943 Apr 17 22:00s
|
||
-1:00 Port +01 1943 Aug 28 22:00s
|
||
-1:00 Port -01/+00 1944 Apr 22 22:00s
|
||
-1:00 Port +01 1944 Aug 26 22:00s
|
||
-1:00 Port -01/+00 1945 Apr 21 22:00s
|
||
-1:00 Port +01 1945 Aug 25 22:00s
|
||
-1:00 Port -01/+00 1966 Apr 3 2:00
|
||
0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
|
||
0:00 EU WE%sT
|
||
|
||
# Romania
|
||
#
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07):
|
||
# Nine O'clock <http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html>
|
||
# (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at
|
||
# 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info,
|
||
# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997,
|
||
# the same year as Bulgaria.
|
||
#
|
||
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
||
Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
|
||
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct
|
||
1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
|
||
2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s
|
||
2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
|
||
2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994
|
||
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
|
||
2:00 EU EE%sT
|
||
|
||
|
||
# Russia
|
||
|
||
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-15):
|
||
# Based on last Russian Government Decree No. 725 on August 31, 2011
|
||
# (Government document
|
||
# http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/
|
||
# in Russian)
|
||
# there are few corrections have to be made for some Russian time zones...
|
||
# All updated Russian Time Zones were placed in table and translated to English
|
||
# by WorldTimeZone.com at the link below:
|
||
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm
|
||
|
||
# From Sanjeev Gupta (2011-09-27):
|
||
# Scans of [Decree No. 23 of January 8, 1992] are available at:
|
||
# http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966
|
||
# They are in Cyrillic letters (presumably Russian).
|
||
|
||
# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
|
||
# Regarding the instant when clocks in time-zone-shifting parts of Russia
|
||
# changed in September 2011:
|
||
#
|
||
# One source is
|
||
# http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/
|
||
# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31,
|
||
# 2011 No. 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information.
|
||
#
|
||
# Another source is
|
||
# https://rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html
|
||
# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the
|
||
# Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also
|
||
# contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on:
|
||
# in the 'RG' - Federal Issue No. 5573 September 6, 2011" but which
|
||
# does not contain any "effective date" information.
|
||
#
|
||
# Another source is
|
||
# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7
|
||
# which, in note 8, contains "Resolution No. 725 of August 31, 2011...
|
||
# Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
|
||
# but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011.
|
||
#
|
||
# The Wikipedia article refers to
|
||
# http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896
|
||
# which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page.
|
||
#
|
||
# Tobias Conradi combines Wikipedia's
|
||
# "as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
|
||
# with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to
|
||
# get September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias
|
||
# Conradi notes).
|
||
#
|
||
# None of the sources indicates a time of day for changing clocks.
|
||
#
|
||
# Go with 2011-09-13 0:00s.
|
||
|
||
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-01):
|
||
# According to the Russian news (ITAR-TASS News Agency)
|
||
# http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/738562
|
||
# the State Duma has approved ... the draft bill on returning to
|
||
# winter time standard and return Russia 11 time zones. The new
|
||
# regulations will come into effect on October 26, 2014 at 02:00 ...
|
||
# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%28Spravka%29?OpenAgent&RN=431985-6&02
|
||
# Here is a link where we put together table (based on approved Bill N
|
||
# 431985-6) with proposed 11 Russian time zones and corresponding
|
||
# areas/cities/administrative centers in the Russian Federation (in English):
|
||
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia65.html
|
||
#
|
||
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-22):
|
||
# Putin signed the Federal Law 431985-6 ... (in Russian)
|
||
# http://itar-tass.com/obschestvo/1333711
|
||
# http://www.pravo.gov.ru:8080/page.aspx?111660
|
||
# http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/46279
|
||
# From October 26, 2014 the new Russian time zone map will look like this:
|
||
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-map-2014-07.html
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
|
||
# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
|
||
# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger,
|
||
# except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat
|
||
# 23:00, not Sun 02:00s.
|
||
#
|
||
# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29):
|
||
# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow!
|
||
# I do not know why they have decided to make this change;
|
||
# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching
|
||
# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
|
||
#
|
||
# From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04):
|
||
# 'MSK' and 'MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
|
||
# UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
|
||
# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor
|
||
# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there.
|
||
#
|
||
# From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30):
|
||
# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from
|
||
# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ...
|
||
# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located.
|
||
#
|
||
# For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from
|
||
# John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07):
|
||
# News - often false - is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was
|
||
# time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with
|
||
# the rest of Russia for two weeks - even soldiers stationed here began
|
||
# enforcing curfew at the wrong time.
|
||
#
|
||
# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05):
|
||
# There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in
|
||
# UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade. I start with the
|
||
# SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan
|
||
# until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok
|
||
# since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are
|
||
# administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have
|
||
# remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan.
|
||
|
||
# From Marat Nigametzianov (2018-07-16):
|
||
# this is link to order from 1956 about timezone in USSR
|
||
# http://astro.uni-altai.ru/~orion/blog/2011/11/novyie-granitsyi-chasovyih-poyasov-v-sssr/
|
||
#
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2018-07-16):
|
||
# Perhaps someone could translate the above-mentioned link and use it
|
||
# to correct our data for the ex-Soviet Union. It cites the following:
|
||
# «Поясное время и новые границы часовых поясов» / сост. П.Н. Долгов,
|
||
# отв. ред. Г.Д. Бурдун - М: Комитет стандартов, мер и измерительных
|
||
# приборов при Совете Министров СССР, Междуведомственная комиссия
|
||
# единой службы времени, 1956 г.
|
||
# This book looks like it would be a helpful resource for the Soviet
|
||
# Union through 1956. Although a copy was in the Scientific Library
|
||
# of Tomsk State University, I have not been able to track down a copy nearby.
|
||
#
|
||
# From Stepan Golosunov (2018-07-21):
|
||
# http://astro.uni-altai.ru/~orion/blog/2015/05/center-reforma-ischisleniya-vremeni-br-na-territorii-sssr-v-1957-godu-center/
|
||
# says that the 1956 decision to change time belts' borders was not
|
||
# implemented as planned in 1956 and the change happened in 1957.
|
||
# There is also the problem that actual time zones were different from
|
||
# the official time belts (and from many time belts' maps) as there were
|
||
# numerous exceptions to application of time belt rules. For example,
|
||
# https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Московское_время#Перемещение_границы_применения_московского_времени_на_восток
|
||
# says that by 1962 there were many regions in the 3rd time belt that
|
||
# were on Moscow time, referring to a 1962 map. By 1989 number of such
|
||
# exceptions grew considerably.
|
||
|
||
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
|
||
# The comments detailing the coverage of each Russian zone are meant to assist
|
||
# with maintenance only and represent our best guesses as to which regions
|
||
# are covered by each zone. They are not meant to be taken as an authoritative
|
||
# listing. The region codes listed come from
|
||
# https://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Federal_subjects_of_Russia&oldid=611810498
|
||
# and are used for convenience only; no guarantees are made regarding their
|
||
# future stability. ISO 3166-2:RU codes are also listed for first-level
|
||
# divisions where available.
|
||
|
||
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
|
||
# Europe/Kaliningrad covers...
|
||
# 39 RU-KGD Kaliningrad Oblast
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2019-07-25):
|
||
# Although Shanks lists 1945-01-01 as the date for transition from
|
||
# +01/+02 to +02/+03, more likely this is a placeholder. Guess that
|
||
# the transition occurred at 1945-04-10 00:00, which is about when
|
||
# Königsberg surrendered to Soviet troops. (Thanks to Alois Triendl.)
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
|
||
# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
|
||
|
||
# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
|
||
# http://www.rgo.ru/ru/kaliningradskoe-oblastnoe-otdelenie/ob-otdelenii/publikacii/kak-nam-zhilos-bez-letnego-vremeni
|
||
# confirms that the 1989 change to Moscow-1 was implemented.
|
||
# (The article, though, is misattributed to 1990 while saying that
|
||
# summer->winter transition would be done on the 24 of September. But
|
||
# 1990-09-24 was Monday, while 1989-09-24 was Sunday as expected.)
|
||
# ...
|
||
# http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091
|
||
# says that Kaliningrad switched to Moscow-1 on 1989-03-26, avoided
|
||
# at the last moment switch to Moscow-1 on 1991-03-31, switched to
|
||
# Moscow on 1991-11-03, switched to Moscow-1 on 1992-01-19.
|
||
|
||
Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr
|
||
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 10
|
||
2:00 Poland EE%sT 1946 Apr 7
|
||
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
|
||
2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
|
||
3:00 - +03 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
||
2:00 - EET
|
||
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2016-02-21), per Tim Parenti (2014-07-03) and
|
||
# Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
|
||
# Europe/Moscow covers...
|
||
# 01 RU-AD Adygea, Republic of
|
||
# 05 RU-DA Dagestan, Republic of
|
||
# 06 RU-IN Ingushetia, Republic of
|
||
# 07 RU-KB Kabardino-Balkar Republic
|
||
# 08 RU-KL Kalmykia, Republic of
|
||
# 09 RU-KC Karachay-Cherkess Republic
|
||
# 10 RU-KR Karelia, Republic of
|
||
# 11 RU-KO Komi Republic
|
||
# 12 RU-ME Mari El Republic
|
||
# 13 RU-MO Mordovia, Republic of
|
||
# 15 RU-SE North Ossetia-Alania, Republic of
|
||
# 16 RU-TA Tatarstan, Republic of
|
||
# 20 RU-CE Chechen Republic
|
||
# 21 RU-CU Chuvash Republic
|
||
# 23 RU-KDA Krasnodar Krai
|
||
# 26 RU-STA Stavropol Krai
|
||
# 29 RU-ARK Arkhangelsk Oblast
|
||
# 31 RU-BEL Belgorod Oblast
|
||
# 32 RU-BRY Bryansk Oblast
|
||
# 33 RU-VLA Vladimir Oblast
|
||
# 35 RU-VLG Vologda Oblast
|
||
# 36 RU-VOR Voronezh Oblast
|
||
# 37 RU-IVA Ivanovo Oblast
|
||
# 40 RU-KLU Kaluga Oblast
|
||
# 44 RU-KOS Kostroma Oblast
|
||
# 46 RU-KRS Kursk Oblast
|
||
# 47 RU-LEN Leningrad Oblast
|
||
# 48 RU-LIP Lipetsk Oblast
|
||
# 50 RU-MOS Moscow Oblast
|
||
# 51 RU-MUR Murmansk Oblast
|
||
# 52 RU-NIZ Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
|
||
# 53 RU-NGR Novgorod Oblast
|
||
# 57 RU-ORL Oryol Oblast
|
||
# 58 RU-PNZ Penza Oblast
|
||
# 60 RU-PSK Pskov Oblast
|
||
# 61 RU-ROS Rostov Oblast
|
||
# 62 RU-RYA Ryazan Oblast
|
||
# 67 RU-SMO Smolensk Oblast
|
||
# 68 RU-TAM Tambov Oblast
|
||
# 69 RU-TVE Tver Oblast
|
||
# 71 RU-TUL Tula Oblast
|
||
# 76 RU-YAR Yaroslavl Oblast
|
||
# 77 RU-MOW Moscow
|
||
# 78 RU-SPE Saint Petersburg
|
||
# 83 RU-NEN Nenets Autonomous Okrug
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23):
|
||
# The Soviets switched to UT-based time in 1919. Decree No. 59
|
||
# (1919-02-08) http://istmat.info/node/35567 established UT-based time
|
||
# zones, and Decree No. 147 (1919-03-29) http://istmat.info/node/35854
|
||
# specified a transition date of 1919-07-01, apparently at 00:00 UT.
|
||
# No doubt only the Soviet-controlled regions switched on that date;
|
||
# later transitions to UT-based time in other parts of Russia are
|
||
# taken from what appear to be guesses by Shanks.
|
||
# (Thanks to Alexander Belopolsky for pointers to the decrees.)
|
||
|
||
# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
|
||
# 11. Regions-violators, 1981-1982.
|
||
# Wikipedia refers to
|
||
# http://maps.monetonos.ru/maps/raznoe/Old_Maps/Old_Maps/Articles/022/3_1981.html
|
||
# http://besp.narod.ru/nauka_1981_3.htm
|
||
#
|
||
# The second link provides two articles scanned from the Nauka i Zhizn
|
||
# magazine No. 3, 1981 and a scan of the short article attributed to
|
||
# the Trud newspaper from February 1982. The first link provides the
|
||
# same Nauka i Zhizn articles converted to the text form (but misses
|
||
# time belt changes map).
|
||
#
|
||
# The second Nauka i Zhizn article says that in addition to
|
||
# introduction of summer time on 1981-04-01 there are some time belt
|
||
# border changes on 1981-10-01, mostly affecting Nenets Autonomous
|
||
# Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Yakutia, Magadan Oblast and Chukotka
|
||
# according to the provided map (colored one). In addition to that
|
||
# "time violators" (regions which were not using rules of the time
|
||
# belts in which they were located) would not be moving off the DST on
|
||
# 1981-10-01 to restore the decree time usage. (Komi ASSR was
|
||
# supposed to repeat that move in October 1982 to account for the 2
|
||
# hour difference.) Map depicting "time violators" before 1981-10-01
|
||
# is also provided.
|
||
#
|
||
# The article from Trud says that 1981-10-01 changes caused problems
|
||
# and some territories would be moved to pre-1981-10-01 time by not
|
||
# moving to summer time on 1982-04-01. Namely: Dagestan,
|
||
# Kabardino-Balkar, Kalmyk, Komi, Mari, Mordovian, North Ossetian,
|
||
# Tatar, Chechen-Ingush and Chuvash ASSR, Krasnodar and Stavropol
|
||
# krais, Arkhangelsk, Vladimir, Vologda, Voronezh, Gorky, Ivanovo,
|
||
# Kostroma, Lipetsk, Penza, Rostov, Ryazan, Tambov, Tyumen and
|
||
# Yaroslavl oblasts, Nenets and Evenk autonomous okrugs, Khatangsky
|
||
# district of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug. As a result Evenk Autonomous
|
||
# Okrug and Khatangsky district of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug would end
|
||
# up on Moscow+4, Tyumen Oblast on Moscow+2 and the rest on Moscow
|
||
# time.
|
||
#
|
||
# http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt
|
||
# attributes the 1982 changes to the Act of the Council of Ministers
|
||
# of the USSR No. 126 from 18.02.1982. 1980-925.txt also adds
|
||
# Udmurtia to the list of affected territories and lists Khatangsky
|
||
# district separately from Taymyr Autonomous Okrug. Probably erroneously.
|
||
#
|
||
# The affected territories are currently listed under Europe/Moscow,
|
||
# Asia/Yekaterinburg and Asia/Krasnoyarsk.
|
||
#
|
||
# 12. Udmurtia
|
||
# The fact that Udmurtia is depicted as a violator in the Nauka i
|
||
# Zhizn article hints at Izhevsk being on different time from
|
||
# Kuybyshev before 1981-10-01. Udmurtia is not mentioned in the 1989 act.
|
||
# http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt
|
||
# implies Udmurtia was on Moscow time after 1982-04-01.
|
||
# Wikipedia implies Udmurtia being on Moscow+1 until 1991.
|
||
#
|
||
# ...
|
||
#
|
||
# All Russian zones are supposed to have by default a -1 change at
|
||
# 1991-03-31 2:00 (cancellation of the decree time in the USSR) and a +1
|
||
# change at 1992-01-19 2:00 (restoration of the decree time in Russia).
|
||
#
|
||
# There were some exceptions, though.
|
||
# Wikipedia says newspapers listed Astrakhan, Saratov, Kirov, Volgograd,
|
||
# Izhevsk, Grozny, Kazan and Samara as such exceptions for the 1992
|
||
# change. (Different newspapers providing different lists. And some
|
||
# lists found in the internet are quite wild.)
|
||
#
|
||
# And apparently some exceptions were reverted in the last moment.
|
||
# http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091
|
||
# says that Kaliningrad decided not to be an exception 2 days before the
|
||
# 1991-03-31 switch and one person at
|
||
# https://izhevsk.ru/forum_light_message/50/682597-m8369040.html
|
||
# says he remembers that Samara opted out of the 1992-01-19 exception
|
||
# 2 days before the switch.
|
||
#
|
||
#
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
|
||
# Given the above, we appear to be missing some Zone entries for the
|
||
# chaotic early 1980s in Russia. It's not clear what these entries
|
||
# should be. For now, sweep this under the rug and just document the
|
||
# time in Moscow.
|
||
|
||
# From Vladimir Karpinsky (2014-07-08):
|
||
# LMT in Moscow (before Jul 3, 1916) is 2:30:17, that was defined by Moscow
|
||
# Observatory (coordinates: 55° 45' 29.70", 37° 34' 05.30")....
|
||
# LMT in Moscow since Jul 3, 1916 is 2:31:01 as a result of new standard.
|
||
# (The info is from the book by Byalokoz ... p. 18.)
|
||
# The time in St. Petersburg as capital of Russia was defined by
|
||
# Pulkov observatory, near St. Petersburg. In 1916 LMT Moscow
|
||
# was synchronized with LMT St. Petersburg (+30 minutes), (Pulkov observatory
|
||
# coordinates: 59° 46' 18.70", 30° 19' 40.70") so 30° 19' 40.70" >
|
||
# 2h01m18.7s = 2:01:19. LMT Moscow = LMT St.Petersburg + 30m 2:01:19 + 0:30 =
|
||
# 2:31:19 ...
|
||
#
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
|
||
# Milne does not list Moscow, but suggests that its time might be listed in
|
||
# Résumés mensuels et annuels des observations météorologiques (1895).
|
||
# Presumably this is OCLC 85825704, a journal published with parallel text in
|
||
# Russian and French. This source has not been located; go with Karpinsky.
|
||
|
||
Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:17 - LMT 1880
|
||
2:30:17 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time
|
||
2:31:19 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 0:00u
|
||
3:00 Russia %s 1921 Oct
|
||
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct
|
||
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
|
||
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
||
2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
||
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
|
||
4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
||
3:00 - MSK
|
||
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2016-12-06):
|
||
# Europe/Simferopol covers Crimea.
|
||
|
||
Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
|
||
2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T
|
||
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
|
||
3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov
|
||
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13
|
||
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
|
||
3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
|
||
2:00 - EET 1992
|
||
# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
|
||
#
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
|
||
# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
|
||
# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
|
||
# Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened
|
||
# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say
|
||
# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it
|
||
# changed in May.
|
||
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May
|
||
# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
|
||
3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 0:00s
|
||
3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s
|
||
# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
|
||
# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
|
||
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997
|
||
3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
|
||
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17):
|
||
# time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014
|
||
# https://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30):
|
||
# Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks
|
||
# late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial
|
||
# and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about.
|
||
2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00
|
||
4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
||
3:00 - MSK
|
||
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
|
||
# Europe/Astrakhan covers:
|
||
# 30 RU-AST Astrakhan Oblast
|
||
#
|
||
# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
|
||
|
||
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-12):
|
||
# On February 10, 2016 Astrakhan Oblast got approval by the Federation
|
||
# Council to change its time zone to UTC+4 (from current UTC+3 Moscow time)....
|
||
# This Federal Law shall enter into force on 27 March 2016 at 02:00.
|
||
# From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09):
|
||
# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201602150056
|
||
|
||
Zone Europe/Astrakhan 3:12:12 - LMT 1924 May
|
||
3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
|
||
4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
|
||
3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
||
4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
|
||
3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
|
||
4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
||
3:00 - +03 2016 Mar 27 2:00s
|
||
4:00 - +04
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2016-11-11):
|
||
# Europe/Volgograd covers:
|
||
# 34 RU-VGG Volgograd Oblast
|
||
# The 1988 transition is from USSR act No. 5 (1988-01-04).
|
||
|
||
# From Alexander Fetisov (2018-09-20):
|
||
# Volgograd region in southern Russia (Europe/Volgograd) change
|
||
# timezone from UTC+3 to UTC+4 from 28oct2018.
|
||
# http://sozd.parliament.gov.ru/bill/452878-7
|
||
#
|
||
# From Stepan Golosunov (2018-10-11):
|
||
# The law has been published today on
|
||
# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201810110037
|
||
|
||
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2020-11-27):
|
||
# The State Duma approved (Nov 24, 2020) the transition of the Volgograd
|
||
# region to the Moscow time zone....
|
||
# https://sozd.duma.gov.ru/bill/1012130-7
|
||
#
|
||
# From Stepan Golosunov (2020-12-05):
|
||
# Currently proposed text for the second reading (expected on December 8) ...
|
||
# changes the date to December 27. https://v1.ru/text/gorod/2020/12/04/69601031/
|
||
#
|
||
# From Stepan Golosunov (2020-12-22):
|
||
# The law was published today on
|
||
# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001202012220002
|
||
|
||
Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3
|
||
3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
|
||
4:00 - +04 1961 Nov 11
|
||
4:00 Russia +04/+05 1988 Mar 27 2:00s
|
||
3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
||
4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
|
||
3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
|
||
4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
||
3:00 - +03 2018 Oct 28 2:00s
|
||
4:00 - +04 2020 Dec 27 2:00s
|
||
3:00 - +03
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2016-11-11):
|
||
# Europe/Saratov covers:
|
||
# 64 RU-SAR Saratov Oblast
|
||
|
||
# From Yuri Konotopov (2016-11-11):
|
||
# Dec 4, 2016 02:00 UTC+3.... Saratov Region's local time will be ... UTC+4.
|
||
# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-11):
|
||
# ... Byalokoz listed Saratov on 03:04:18.
|
||
# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-22):
|
||
# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201611220031
|
||
|
||
Zone Europe/Saratov 3:04:18 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u
|
||
3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
|
||
4:00 Russia +04/+05 1988 Mar 27 2:00s
|
||
3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
||
4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
|
||
3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
|
||
4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
||
3:00 - +03 2016 Dec 4 2:00s
|
||
4:00 - +04
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
|
||
# Europe/Kirov covers:
|
||
# 43 RU-KIR Kirov Oblast
|
||
# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
|
||
#
|
||
Zone Europe/Kirov 3:18:48 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u
|
||
3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
|
||
4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
|
||
3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
||
4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
|
||
3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
|
||
4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
||
3:00 - +03
|
||
|
||
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
|
||
# Europe/Samara covers...
|
||
# 18 RU-UD Udmurt Republic
|
||
# 63 RU-SAM Samara Oblast
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
|
||
# Byalokoz 1919 says Samara was 3:20:20.
|
||
# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
|
||
|
||
Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:20 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u
|
||
3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
|
||
4:00 - +04 1935 Jan 27
|
||
4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
|
||
3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
||
2:00 Russia +02/+03 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
|
||
3:00 - +03 1991 Oct 20 3:00
|
||
4:00 Russia +04/+05 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
|
||
3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
|
||
4:00 - +04
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
|
||
# Europe/Ulyanovsk covers:
|
||
# 73 RU-ULY Ulyanovsk Oblast
|
||
|
||
# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
|
||
|
||
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17):
|
||
# Ulyanovsk ... on their way to change time zones by March 27, 2016 at 2am.
|
||
# Ulyanovsk Oblast ... from MSK to MSK+1 (UTC+3 to UTC+4) ...
|
||
# 920582-6 ... 02/17/2016 The State Duma passed the bill in the first reading.
|
||
# From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09):
|
||
# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090051
|
||
|
||
Zone Europe/Ulyanovsk 3:13:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u
|
||
3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21
|
||
4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
|
||
3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
||
2:00 Russia +02/+03 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
||
3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
|
||
4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
||
3:00 - +03 2016 Mar 27 2:00s
|
||
4:00 - +04
|
||
|
||
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
|
||
# Asia/Yekaterinburg covers...
|
||
# 02 RU-BA Bashkortostan, Republic of
|
||
# 90 RU-PER Perm Krai
|
||
# 45 RU-KGN Kurgan Oblast
|
||
# 56 RU-ORE Orenburg Oblast
|
||
# 66 RU-SVE Sverdlovsk Oblast
|
||
# 72 RU-TYU Tyumen Oblast
|
||
# 74 RU-CHE Chelyabinsk Oblast
|
||
# 86 RU-KHM Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra
|
||
# 89 RU-YAN Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
|
||
#
|
||
# Note: Effective 2005-12-01, (59) Perm Oblast and (81) Komi-Permyak
|
||
# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (90, RU-PER) Perm Krai.
|
||
|
||
# Milne says Yekaterinburg was 4:02:32.9; round to nearest.
|
||
# Byalokoz 1919 says its provincial time was based on Perm, at 3:45:05.
|
||
# Assume it switched on 1916-07-03, the time of the new standard.
|
||
# The 1919 and 1930 transitions are from Shanks.
|
||
|
||
Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:33 - LMT 1916 Jul 3
|
||
3:45:05 - PMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00
|
||
4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21
|
||
5:00 Russia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
||
4:00 Russia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
||
5:00 Russia +05/+06 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
|
||
6:00 - +06 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
||
5:00 - +05
|
||
|
||
|
||
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
|
||
# Asia/Omsk covers...
|
||
# 55 RU-OMS Omsk Oblast
|
||
|
||
# Byalokoz 1919 says Omsk was 4:53:30.
|
||
|
||
Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:30 - LMT 1919 Nov 14
|
||
5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21
|
||
6:00 Russia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
||
5:00 Russia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
||
6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
|
||
7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
||
6:00 - +06
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2016-02-22):
|
||
# Asia/Barnaul covers:
|
||
# 04 RU-AL Altai Republic
|
||
# 22 RU-ALT Altai Krai
|
||
|
||
# Data before 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
|
||
|
||
# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
|
||
# Letter of Bank of Russia from 1995-05-25
|
||
# http://www.bestpravo.ru/rossijskoje/lj-akty/y3a.htm
|
||
# suggests that Altai Republic transitioned to Moscow+3 on
|
||
# 1995-05-28.
|
||
#
|
||
# https://regnum.ru/news/society/1957270.html
|
||
# has some historical data for Altai Krai:
|
||
# before 1957: west part on UT+6, east on UT+7
|
||
# after 1957: UT+7
|
||
# since 1995: UT+6
|
||
# http://barnaul.rusplt.ru/index/pochemu_altajskij_kraj_okazalsja_v_neprivychnom_chasovom_pojase-17648.html
|
||
# confirms that and provides more details including 1995-05-28 transition date.
|
||
|
||
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17):
|
||
# Altai Krai and Altai Republic on their way to change time zones
|
||
# by March 27, 2016 at 2am....
|
||
# Altai Republic / Gorno-Altaysk MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7) ...
|
||
# Altai Krai / Barnaul MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7)
|
||
# From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09):
|
||
# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090043
|
||
# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090038
|
||
|
||
Zone Asia/Barnaul 5:35:00 - LMT 1919 Dec 10
|
||
6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21
|
||
7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
||
6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
||
7:00 Russia +07/+08 1995 May 28
|
||
6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
|
||
7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
||
6:00 - +06 2016 Mar 27 2:00s
|
||
7:00 - +07
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
|
||
# Asia/Novosibirsk covers:
|
||
# 54 RU-NVS Novosibirsk Oblast
|
||
|
||
# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-05-30):
|
||
# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(Spravka)?OpenAgent&RN=1085784-6
|
||
# moves Novosibirsk oblast from UTC+6 to UTC+7.
|
||
# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-07-04):
|
||
# The law was signed yesterday and published today on
|
||
# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201607040064
|
||
|
||
Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00
|
||
6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21
|
||
7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
||
6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
||
7:00 Russia +07/+08 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P.
|
||
6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
|
||
7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
||
6:00 - +06 2016 Jul 24 2:00s
|
||
7:00 - +07
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
|
||
# Asia/Tomsk covers:
|
||
# 70 RU-TOM Tomsk Oblast
|
||
|
||
# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-24):
|
||
# Byalokoz listed Tomsk at 5:39:51.
|
||
|
||
# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29):
|
||
# Tomsk is still 4 hours ahead of Moscow.
|
||
|
||
# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-19):
|
||
# http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102075743
|
||
# (fifth time belt being UTC+5+1(decree time)
|
||
# / UTC+5+1(decree time)+1(summer time)) ...
|
||
# Note that time belts (numbered from 2 (Moscow) to 12 according to their
|
||
# GMT/UTC offset and having too many exceptions like regions formally
|
||
# belonging to one belt but using time from another) were replaced
|
||
# with time zones in 2011 with different numbering (there was a
|
||
# 2-hour gap between second and third zones in 2011-2014).
|
||
|
||
# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-04-12):
|
||
# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(SpravkaNew)?OpenAgent&RN=1006865-6
|
||
# This bill was approved in the first reading today. It moves Tomsk oblast
|
||
# from UTC+6 to UTC+7 and is supposed to come into effect on 2016-05-29 at
|
||
# 2:00. The bill needs to be approved in the second and the third readings by
|
||
# the State Duma, approved by the Federation Council, signed by the President
|
||
# and published to become a law. Minor changes in the text are to be expected
|
||
# before the second reading (references need to be updated to account for the
|
||
# recent changes).
|
||
#
|
||
# Judging by the ultra-short one-day amendments period, recent similar laws,
|
||
# the State Duma schedule and the Federation Council schedule
|
||
# http://www.duma.gov.ru/legislative/planning/day-shedule/por_vesna_2016/
|
||
# http://council.gov.ru/activity/meetings/schedule/63303
|
||
# I speculate that the final text of the bill will be proposed tomorrow, the
|
||
# bill will be approved in the second and the third readings on Friday,
|
||
# approved by the Federation Council on 2016-04-20, signed by the President and
|
||
# published as a law around 2016-04-26.
|
||
|
||
# From Matt Johnson (2016-04-26):
|
||
# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604260048
|
||
|
||
Zone Asia/Tomsk 5:39:51 - LMT 1919 Dec 22
|
||
6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21
|
||
7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
||
6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
||
7:00 Russia +07/+08 2002 May 1 3:00
|
||
6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
|
||
7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
||
6:00 - +06 2016 May 29 2:00s
|
||
7:00 - +07
|
||
|
||
|
||
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
|
||
# Asia/Novokuznetsk covers...
|
||
# 42 RU-KEM Kemerovo Oblast
|
||
|
||
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13):
|
||
# Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on
|
||
# March 28, 2010:
|
||
# from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700
|
||
# to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600
|
||
#
|
||
# This is according to Government of Russia decree No. 740, on September
|
||
# 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth
|
||
# time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600)
|
||
#
|
||
# Russian Government web site (Russian language)
|
||
# http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm
|
||
# or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference
|
||
# map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010
|
||
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html
|
||
#
|
||
# Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010
|
||
# Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock.
|
||
|
||
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
|
||
# The Kemerovo region will remain at UTC+7 through the 2014-10-26 change, thus
|
||
# realigning itself with KRAT.
|
||
|
||
Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - LMT 1924 May 1
|
||
6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21
|
||
7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
||
6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
||
7:00 Russia +07/+08 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
|
||
6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
|
||
7:00 - +07
|
||
|
||
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
|
||
# Asia/Krasnoyarsk covers...
|
||
# 17 RU-TY Tuva Republic
|
||
# 19 RU-KK Khakassia, Republic of
|
||
# 24 RU-KYA Krasnoyarsk Krai
|
||
#
|
||
# Note: Effective 2007-01-01, (88) Evenk Autonomous Okrug and (84) Taymyr
|
||
# Autonomous Okrug were merged into (24, RU-KYA) Krasnoyarsk Krai.
|
||
|
||
# Byalokoz 1919 says Krasnoyarsk was 6:11:26.
|
||
|
||
Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:26 - LMT 1920 Jan 6
|
||
6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21
|
||
7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
||
6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
||
7:00 Russia +07/+08 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
|
||
8:00 - +08 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
||
7:00 - +07
|
||
|
||
|
||
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
|
||
# Asia/Irkutsk covers...
|
||
# 03 RU-BU Buryatia, Republic of
|
||
# 38 RU-IRK Irkutsk Oblast
|
||
#
|
||
# Note: Effective 2008-01-01, (85) Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug was
|
||
# merged into (38, RU-IRK) Irkutsk Oblast.
|
||
|
||
# Milne 1899 says Irkutsk was 6:57:15.
|
||
# Byalokoz 1919 says Irkutsk was 6:57:05.
|
||
# Go with Byalokoz.
|
||
|
||
Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:05 - LMT 1880
|
||
6:57:05 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
|
||
7:00 - +07 1930 Jun 21
|
||
8:00 Russia +08/+09 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
||
7:00 Russia +07/+08 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
||
8:00 Russia +08/+09 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
|
||
9:00 - +09 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
||
8:00 - +08
|
||
|
||
|
||
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
|
||
# Asia/Chita covers...
|
||
# 92 RU-ZAB Zabaykalsky Krai
|
||
#
|
||
# Note: Effective 2008-03-01, (75) Chita Oblast and (80) Agin-Buryat
|
||
# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (92, RU-ZAB) Zabaykalsky Krai.
|
||
|
||
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-02):
|
||
# [The] time zone in the Trans-Baikal Territory (Zabaykalsky Krai) -
|
||
# Asia/Chita [is changing] from UTC+8 to UTC+9. Effective date will
|
||
# be March 27, 2016 at 2:00am....
|
||
# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201512300107
|
||
|
||
Zone Asia/Chita 7:33:52 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
|
||
8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21
|
||
9:00 Russia +09/+10 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
||
8:00 Russia +08/+09 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
||
9:00 Russia +09/+10 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
|
||
10:00 - +10 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
||
8:00 - +08 2016 Mar 27 2:00
|
||
9:00 - +09
|
||
|
||
|
||
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
|
||
# Asia/Yakutsk covers...
|
||
# 28 RU-AMU Amur Oblast
|
||
#
|
||
# ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
|
||
# 14-02 **** Aldansky District
|
||
# 14-04 **** Amginsky District
|
||
# 14-05 **** Anabarsky District
|
||
# 14-06 **** Bulunsky District
|
||
# 14-07 **** Verkhnevilyuysky District
|
||
# 14-10 **** Vilyuysky District
|
||
# 14-11 **** Gorny District
|
||
# 14-12 **** Zhigansky District
|
||
# 14-13 **** Kobyaysky District
|
||
# 14-14 **** Lensky District
|
||
# 14-15 **** Megino-Kangalassky District
|
||
# 14-16 **** Mirninsky District
|
||
# 14-18 **** Namsky District
|
||
# 14-19 **** Neryungrinsky District
|
||
# 14-21 **** Nyurbinsky District
|
||
# 14-23 **** Olenyoksky District
|
||
# 14-24 **** Olyokminsky District
|
||
# 14-26 **** Suntarsky District
|
||
# 14-27 **** Tattinsky District
|
||
# 14-29 **** Ust-Aldansky District
|
||
# 14-32 **** Khangalassky District
|
||
# 14-33 **** Churapchinsky District
|
||
# 14-34 **** Eveno-Bytantaysky National District
|
||
|
||
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
|
||
# Our commentary seems to have lost mention of (14-19) Neryungrinsky District.
|
||
# Since the surrounding districts of Sakha are all YAKT, assume this is, too.
|
||
# Also assume its history has been the same as the rest of Asia/Yakutsk.
|
||
|
||
# Byalokoz 1919 says Yakutsk was 8:38:58.
|
||
|
||
Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:58 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
|
||
8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21
|
||
9:00 Russia +09/+10 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
||
8:00 Russia +08/+09 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
||
9:00 Russia +09/+10 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
|
||
10:00 - +10 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
||
9:00 - +09
|
||
|
||
|
||
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
|
||
# Asia/Vladivostok covers...
|
||
# 25 RU-PRI Primorsky Krai
|
||
# 27 RU-KHA Khabarovsk Krai
|
||
# 79 RU-YEV Jewish Autonomous Oblast
|
||
#
|
||
# ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
|
||
# 14-09 **** Verkhoyansky District
|
||
# 14-31 **** Ust-Yansky District
|
||
|
||
# Milne 1899 says Vladivostok was 8:47:33.5.
|
||
# Byalokoz 1919 says Vladivostok was 8:47:31.
|
||
# Go with Byalokoz.
|
||
|
||
Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:31 - LMT 1922 Nov 15
|
||
9:00 - +09 1930 Jun 21
|
||
10:00 Russia +10/+11 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
||
9:00 Russia +09/+10 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
||
10:00 Russia +10/+11 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
|
||
11:00 - +11 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
||
10:00 - +10
|
||
|
||
|
||
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
|
||
# Asia/Khandyga covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
|
||
# 14-28 **** Tomponsky District
|
||
# 14-30 **** Ust-Maysky District
|
||
|
||
# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
|
||
# Tomponskij and Ust'-Majskij switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time
|
||
# in 2011.
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25):
|
||
# Shanks and Pottenger (2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time.
|
||
# Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004.
|
||
# This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info.
|
||
|
||
Zone Asia/Khandyga 9:02:13 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
|
||
8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21
|
||
9:00 Russia +09/+10 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
||
8:00 Russia +08/+09 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
||
9:00 Russia +09/+10 2004
|
||
10:00 Russia +10/+11 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
|
||
11:00 - +11 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
|
||
10:00 - +10 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
||
9:00 - +09
|
||
|
||
|
||
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
|
||
# Asia/Sakhalin covers...
|
||
# 65 RU-SAK Sakhalin Oblast
|
||
# ...with the exception of:
|
||
# 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)
|
||
|
||
# From Matt Johnson (2016-02-22):
|
||
# Asia/Sakhalin is moving (in entirety) from UTC+10 to UTC+11 ...
|
||
# (2016-03-09):
|
||
# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090044
|
||
|
||
# The Zone name should be Asia/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.
|
||
Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23
|
||
9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 25
|
||
11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T
|
||
10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
||
11:00 Russia +11/+12 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s
|
||
10:00 Russia +10/+11 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
|
||
11:00 - +11 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
||
10:00 - +10 2016 Mar 27 2:00s
|
||
11:00 - +11
|
||
|
||
|
||
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
|
||
# Asia/Magadan covers...
|
||
# 49 RU-MAG Magadan Oblast
|
||
|
||
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
|
||
# Magadan Oblast is moving from UTC+12 to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26; however,
|
||
# several districts of Sakha Republic as well as Severo-Kurilsky District of
|
||
# the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands), represented
|
||
# until now by Asia/Magadan, will instead move to UTC+11. These regions will
|
||
# need their own zone.
|
||
|
||
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-03-27):
|
||
# ... draft bill 948300-6 to change its time zone from UTC+10 to UTC+11 ...
|
||
# will take ... effect ... on April 24, 2016 at 2 o'clock
|
||
#
|
||
# From Matt Johnson (2016-04-05):
|
||
# ... signed by the President today ...
|
||
# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604050038
|
||
|
||
Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
|
||
10:00 - +10 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
|
||
11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
||
10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
||
11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
|
||
12:00 - +12 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
||
10:00 - +10 2016 Apr 24 2:00s
|
||
11:00 - +11
|
||
|
||
|
||
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
|
||
# Asia/Srednekolymsk covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
|
||
# 14-01 **** Abyysky District
|
||
# 14-03 **** Allaikhovsky District
|
||
# 14-08 **** Verkhnekolymsky District
|
||
# 14-17 **** Momsky District
|
||
# 14-20 **** Nizhnekolymsky District
|
||
# 14-25 **** Srednekolymsky District
|
||
#
|
||
# ...and parts of (65, RU-SAK) Sakhalin Oblast:
|
||
# 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)
|
||
|
||
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02):
|
||
# Oymyakonsky District of Sakha Republic (represented by Ust-Nera), along with
|
||
# most of Sakhalin Oblast (represented by Sakhalin) will be moving to UTC+10 on
|
||
# 2014-10-26 to stay aligned with VLAT/SAKT; however, Severo-Kurilsky District
|
||
# of the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands, represented by
|
||
# Severo-Kurilsk) will remain on UTC+11.
|
||
|
||
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
|
||
# Assume North Kuril Islands have history like Magadan before 2011-03-27.
|
||
# There is a decent chance this is wrong, in which case a new zone
|
||
# Asia/Severo-Kurilsk would become necessary.
|
||
#
|
||
# Srednekolymsk and Zyryanka are the most populous places amongst these
|
||
# districts, but have very similar populations. In fact, Wikipedia currently
|
||
# lists them both as having 3528 people, exactly 1668 males and 1860 females
|
||
# each! (Yikes!)
|
||
# https://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Srednekolymsky_District&oldid=603435276
|
||
# https://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Verkhnekolymsky_District&oldid=594378493
|
||
# Assume this is a mistake, albeit an amusing one.
|
||
#
|
||
# Looking at censuses, the populations of the two municipalities seem to have
|
||
# fluctuated recently. Zyryanka was more populous than Srednekolymsk in the
|
||
# 1989 and 2002 censuses, but Srednekolymsk was more populous in the most
|
||
# recent (2010) census, 3525 to 3170. (See pages 195 and 197 of
|
||
# http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol1/pub-01-05.pdf
|
||
# in Russian.) In addition, Srednekolymsk appears to be a much older
|
||
# settlement and the population of Zyryanka seems to be declining.
|
||
# Go with Srednekolymsk.
|
||
|
||
Zone Asia/Srednekolymsk 10:14:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
|
||
10:00 - +10 1930 Jun 21
|
||
11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
||
10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
||
11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
|
||
12:00 - +12 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
||
11:00 - +11
|
||
|
||
|
||
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
|
||
# Asia/Ust-Nera covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
|
||
# 14-22 **** Oymyakonsky District
|
||
|
||
# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
|
||
# Ojmyakonskij [and the Kuril Islands] switched from
|
||
# Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011.
|
||
#
|
||
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
|
||
# It's unlikely that any of the Kuril Islands were involved in such a switch,
|
||
# as the South and Middle Kurils have been on UTC+11 (SAKT) with the rest of
|
||
# Sakhalin Oblast since at least 2011-09, and the North Kurils have been on
|
||
# UTC+12 since at least then, too.
|
||
|
||
Zone Asia/Ust-Nera 9:32:54 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
|
||
8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21
|
||
9:00 Russia +09/+10 1981 Apr 1
|
||
11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
||
10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
||
11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
|
||
12:00 - +12 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
|
||
11:00 - +11 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
||
10:00 - +10
|
||
|
||
|
||
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
|
||
# Asia/Kamchatka covers...
|
||
# 91 RU-KAM Kamchatka Krai
|
||
#
|
||
# Note: Effective 2007-07-01, (41) Kamchatka Oblast and (82) Koryak
|
||
# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (91, RU-KAM) Kamchatka Krai.
|
||
|
||
# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski or perhaps
|
||
# Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, but these are too long.
|
||
Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10
|
||
11:00 - +11 1930 Jun 21
|
||
12:00 Russia +12/+13 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
||
11:00 Russia +11/+12 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
||
12:00 Russia +12/+13 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
|
||
11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
|
||
12:00 - +12
|
||
|
||
|
||
# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
|
||
# Asia/Anadyr covers...
|
||
# 87 RU-CHU Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
|
||
|
||
Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2
|
||
12:00 - +12 1930 Jun 21
|
||
13:00 Russia +13/+14 1982 Apr 1 0:00s
|
||
12:00 Russia +12/+13 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
|
||
11:00 Russia +11/+12 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
||
12:00 Russia +12/+13 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
|
||
11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
|
||
12:00 - +12
|
||
|
||
|
||
# San Marino
|
||
# See Europe/Rome.
|
||
|
||
# Serbia
|
||
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
|
||
1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
|
||
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
|
||
1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s
|
||
1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
|
||
# Metod Koželj reports that the legal date of
|
||
# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
|
||
# Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Koželj.
|
||
1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
|
||
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
||
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia
|
||
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica # Montenegro
|
||
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
||
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # North Macedonia
|
||
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia
|
||
|
||
# Slovakia
|
||
Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
|
||
|
||
# Slovenia
|
||
# See Europe/Belgrade.
|
||
|
||
# Spain
|
||
#
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2016-12-14):
|
||
#
|
||
# The source for Europe/Madrid before 2013 is:
|
||
# Planesas P. La hora oficial en España y sus cambios.
|
||
# Anuario del Observatorio Astronómico de Madrid (2013, in Spanish).
|
||
# http://astronomia.ign.es/rknowsys-theme/images/webAstro/paginas/documentos/Anuario/lahoraoficialenespana.pdf
|
||
# As this source says that historical time in the Canaries is obscure,
|
||
# and it does not discuss Ceuta, stick with Shanks for now for that data.
|
||
#
|
||
# In the 1918 and 1919 fallback transitions in Spain, the clock for
|
||
# the hour-longer day officially kept going after midnight, so that
|
||
# the repeated instances of that day's 00:00 hour were 24 hours apart,
|
||
# with a fallback transition from the second occurrence of 00:59... to
|
||
# the next day's 00:00. Our data format cannot represent this
|
||
# directly, and instead repeats the first hour of the next day, with a
|
||
# fallback transition from the next day's 00:59... to 00:00.
|
||
|
||
# From Michael Deckers (2016-12-15):
|
||
# The Royal Decree of 1900-07-26 quoted by Planesas, online at
|
||
# https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1900/209/A00383-00384.pdf
|
||
# says in its article 5 (my translation):
|
||
# These dispositions will enter into force beginning with the
|
||
# instant at which, according to the time indicated in article 1,
|
||
# the 1st day of January of 1901 will begin.
|
||
|
||
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
||
Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Spain 1918 1919 - Oct 6 24:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 6 23:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 24:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 24:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S
|
||
# Republican Spain during the civil war; it controlled Madrid until 1939-03-28.
|
||
Rule Spain 1937 only - Jun 16 23:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Spain 1937 only - Oct 2 24:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Spain 1938 only - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Spain 1938 only - Apr 30 23:00 2:00 M
|
||
Rule Spain 1938 only - Oct 2 24:00 1:00 S
|
||
# The following rules are for unified Spain again.
|
||
#
|
||
# Planesas does not say what happened in Madrid between its fall on
|
||
# 1939-03-28 and the Nationalist spring-forward transition on
|
||
# 1939-04-15. For lack of better info, assume Madrid's clocks did not
|
||
# change during that period.
|
||
#
|
||
# The first rule is commented out, as it is redundant for Republican Spain.
|
||
#Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Spain 1939 only - Oct 7 24:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 23:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 1:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Spain 1943 1944 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Spain 1945 1946 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Spain 1949 only - Oct 2 1:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=12 23:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Spain 1977 only - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Spain 1978 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
|
||
# Nationalist Spain during the civil war
|
||
#Rule NatSpain 1937 only - May 22 23:00 1:00 S
|
||
#Rule NatSpain 1937 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 24:00s 0 -
|
||
#Rule NatSpain 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00 1:00 S
|
||
# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978,
|
||
# except with "S" letters.
|
||
Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
||
Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
|
||
Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
|
||
Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
|
||
Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
|
||
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1900 Dec 31 23:45:16
|
||
0:00 Spain WE%sT 1940 Mar 16 23:00
|
||
1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979
|
||
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
||
Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1900 Dec 31 23:38:44
|
||
0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00
|
||
0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00
|
||
0:00 - WET 1924
|
||
0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929
|
||
0:00 - WET 1967 # Help zishrink.awk.
|
||
0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
|
||
1:00 - CET 1986
|
||
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
||
Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
|
||
-1:00 - -01 1946 Sep 30 1:00
|
||
0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
|
||
0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 1:00u
|
||
0:00 EU WE%sT
|
||
# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
|
||
# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
|
||
|
||
# Sweden
|
||
|
||
# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:
|
||
#
|
||
# The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
|
||
# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all
|
||
# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at
|
||
# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the
|
||
# meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31.
|
||
#
|
||
# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18° 03' 30"
|
||
# eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the
|
||
# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT....
|
||
#
|
||
# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk
|
||
# författningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning
|
||
# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at
|
||
# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English
|
||
# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west
|
||
# from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated
|
||
# 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time
|
||
# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT.
|
||
#
|
||
# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk författningssamling 1916, no 124") states
|
||
# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is
|
||
# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00....
|
||
# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later".
|
||
#
|
||
# The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish
|
||
# Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are
|
||
# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available
|
||
# in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type
|
||
# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click
|
||
# the Sök-button).
|
||
#
|
||
# (2001-05-13):
|
||
#
|
||
# I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00
|
||
# summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show
|
||
# 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some
|
||
# people thought the switch to standard time would take place already
|
||
# at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another
|
||
# hour before the event took place.
|
||
#
|
||
# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left.
|
||
|
||
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1
|
||
1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time
|
||
1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00
|
||
1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 1:00
|
||
1:00 - CET 1980
|
||
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
||
|
||
# Switzerland
|
||
# From Howse:
|
||
# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
|
||
# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep
|
||
# mean time in preference to apparent time - Geneva from 1780 ....
|
||
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
||
# From Whitman (who writes "Midnight?"):
|
||
# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 -
|
||
# From Shanks & Pottenger:
|
||
# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
|
||
# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
|
||
|
||
# From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17):
|
||
# I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the 1940ies.
|
||
#
|
||
# As I wrote in an earlier message, I suspected the current tzdata values
|
||
# to be wrong. This is now verified.
|
||
#
|
||
# I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal
|
||
# government, in 'Eidgenössische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss
|
||
# federal law collection)...
|
||
#
|
||
# DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am
|
||
# DST ended on Monday 6 Oct 1941, 2:00 am by shifting the clocks to 1:00 am.
|
||
#
|
||
# DST began on Monday, 4 May 1942 at 01:00 am
|
||
# DST ended on Monday, 5 Oct 1942 at 02:00 am
|
||
#
|
||
# There was no DST in 1940, I have checked the law collection carefully.
|
||
# It is also indicated by the fact that the 1942 entry in the law
|
||
# collection points back to 1941 as a reference, but no reference to any
|
||
# other years are made.
|
||
#
|
||
# Newspaper articles I have read in the archives on 6 May 1941 reported
|
||
# about the introduction of DST (Sommerzeit in German) during the previous
|
||
# night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such
|
||
# a thing had happened in Switzerland.
|
||
#
|
||
# I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traité de
|
||
# l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is
|
||
# false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled
|
||
# by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time.
|
||
#
|
||
# The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to:
|
||
# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S
|
||
# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 -
|
||
#
|
||
# The 1940 rules must be deleted.
|
||
#
|
||
# One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for
|
||
# most users of tzdata: The [Europe/Zurich zone] ...
|
||
# describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of
|
||
# the Canton de Genève (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneva did not
|
||
# follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time.
|
||
# To represent this, an extra zone would be needed.
|
||
#
|
||
# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11):
|
||
# The Federal regulations say
|
||
# https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html
|
||
# ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7° 26' 22.50".
|
||
# Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s.
|
||
|
||
# From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11):
|
||
# the "Circulaire du conseil fédéral" (December 11 1893)
|
||
# http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353
|
||
# clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight
|
||
# but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one
|
||
# hour before the beginning of service.
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-11):
|
||
# Round BMT to the nearest even second, 0:29:46.
|
||
#
|
||
# We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland
|
||
# except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12. This book:
|
||
#
|
||
# Jakob Messerli. Gleichmässig, pünktlich, schnell. Zeiteinteilung und
|
||
# Zeitgebrauch in der Schweiz im 19. Jahrhundert. Chronos, Zurich 1995,
|
||
# ISBN 3-905311-68-2, OCLC 717570797.
|
||
#
|
||
# suggests that the transition was more gradual, and that the Swiss did not
|
||
# agree about civil time during the transition. The timekeeping it gives the
|
||
# most detail for is postal and telegraph time: here, federal legislation (the
|
||
# "Bundesgesetz über die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on
|
||
# 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16
|
||
# (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859). On p 72 Messerli writes that in
|
||
# practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph
|
||
# offices in Switzerland from Geneva to St. Gallen and Basel to Chiasso"
|
||
# (Google translation). For now, model this transition as occurring on
|
||
# 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and
|
||
# legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date.
|
||
|
||
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
||
Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 -
|
||
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment.
|
||
0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
|
||
1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
|
||
1:00 EU CE%sT
|
||
|
||
# Turkey
|
||
|
||
# From Alois Treindl (2019-08-12):
|
||
# http://www.astrolojidergisi.com/yazsaati.htm has researched the time zone
|
||
# history of Turkey, based on newspaper archives and official documents.
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-28):
|
||
# That source (Oya Vulaş, "Türkiye'de Yaz Saati Uygulamaları")
|
||
# is used for 1940/1972, where it seems more reliable than our other
|
||
# sources.
|
||
|
||
# From Kıvanç Yazan (2019-08-12):
|
||
# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/14539.pdf#page=24
|
||
# 1973-06-03 01:00 -> 02:00, 1973-11-04 02:00 -> 01:00
|
||
#
|
||
# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/14829.pdf#page=1
|
||
# 1974-03-31 02:00 -> 03:00, 1974-11-03 02:00 -> 01:00
|
||
#
|
||
# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/15161.pdf#page=1
|
||
# 1975-03-22 02:00 -> 03:00, 1975-11-02 02:00 -> 01:00
|
||
#
|
||
# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/15535_1.pdf#page=1
|
||
# 1976-03-21 02:00 -> 03:00, 1976-10-31 02:00 -> 01:00
|
||
#
|
||
# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/15778.pdf#page=5
|
||
# 1977-04-03 02:00 -> 03:00, 1977-10-16 02:00 -> 01:00,
|
||
# 1978-04-02 02:00 -> 03:00 (not applied, see below)
|
||
# 1978-10-15 02:00 -> 01:00 (not applied, see below)
|
||
# 1979-04-01 02:00 -> 03:00 (not applied, see below)
|
||
# 1979-10-14 02:00 -> 01:00 (not applied, see below)
|
||
#
|
||
# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/16245.pdf#page=17
|
||
# This cancels the previous decision, and repeats it only for 1978.
|
||
# 1978-04-02 02:00 -> 03:00, 1978-10-15 02:00 -> 01:00
|
||
# (not applied due to standard TZ change below)
|
||
#
|
||
# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/16331.pdf#page=3
|
||
# This decision changes the default longitude for Turkish time zone from 30
|
||
# degrees East to 45 degrees East. This means a standard TZ change, from +2
|
||
# to +3. This is published & applied on 1978-06-29. At that time, Turkey was
|
||
# already on summer time (already on 45E). Hence, this new law just meant an
|
||
# "continuous summer time". Note that this was reversed in a few years.
|
||
#
|
||
# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/18119_1.pdf#page=1
|
||
# 1983-07-31 02:00 -> 03:00 (note that this jumps TZ to +4)
|
||
# 1983-10-02 02:00 -> 01:00 (back to +3)
|
||
#
|
||
# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/18561.pdf (page 1 and 34)
|
||
# At this time, Turkey is still on +3 with no spring-forward on early
|
||
# 1984. This decision is published on 10/31/1984. Page 1 declares
|
||
# the decision of reverting the "default longitude change". So the
|
||
# standard time should go back to +3 (30E). And page 34 explains when
|
||
# that will happen: 1984-11-01 02:00 -> 01:00. You can think of this
|
||
# as "end of continuous summer time, change of standard time zone".
|
||
#
|
||
# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/18713.pdf#page=1
|
||
# 1985-04-20 01:00 -> 02:00, 1985-09-28 02:00 -> 01:00
|
||
|
||
# From Kıvanç Yazan (2016-09-25):
|
||
# 1) For 1986-2006, DST started at 01:00 local and ended at 02:00 local, with
|
||
# no exceptions.
|
||
# 2) 1994's lastSun was overridden with Mar 20 ...
|
||
# Here are official papers:
|
||
# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19032.pdf#page=2 for 1986
|
||
# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19400.pdf#page=4 for 1987
|
||
# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19752.pdf#page=15 for 1988
|
||
# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20102.pdf#page=6 for 1989
|
||
# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20464.pdf#page=1 for 1990 - 1992
|
||
# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21531.pdf#page=15 for 1993 - 1995
|
||
# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21879.pdf#page=1 for overriding 1994
|
||
# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/22588.pdf#page=1 for 1996, 1997
|
||
# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/23286.pdf#page=10 for 1998 - 2000
|
||
# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2001/03/20010324.htm#2 - for 2001
|
||
# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2002/03/20020316.htm#2 - for 2002-2006
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2016-09-25):
|
||
# Prefer the above sources to Shanks & Pottenger for timestamps after 1985.
|
||
|
||
# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09):
|
||
# Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC
|
||
# start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07):
|
||
# http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp
|
||
# The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...:
|
||
# http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm
|
||
# I was able to locate the following seemingly official document
|
||
# (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006:
|
||
# http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm
|
||
|
||
# From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10):
|
||
# According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer
|
||
# time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27.
|
||
# This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th.
|
||
# https://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872
|
||
# Turkish:
|
||
# https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/yaz-saati-uygulamasi-bir-gun-ileri-alindi-17230464
|
||
|
||
# From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14):
|
||
# The DST for Turkey has been changed for this year because of the
|
||
# Turkish Local election....
|
||
# http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik
|
||
# ... so Turkey will move clocks forward one hour on March 31 at 3:00 a.m.
|
||
# From Randal L. Schwartz (2014-04-15):
|
||
# Having landed on a flight from the states to Istanbul (via AMS) on March 31,
|
||
# I can tell you that NOBODY (even the airlines) respected this timezone DST
|
||
# change delay. Maybe the word just didn't get out in time.
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-15):
|
||
# The press reported massive confusion, as election officials obeyed the rule
|
||
# change but cell phones (and airline baggage systems) did not. See:
|
||
# Kostidis M. Eventful elections in Turkey. Balkan News Agency
|
||
# http://www.balkaneu.com/eventful-elections-turkey/ 2014-03-30.
|
||
# I guess the best we can do is document the official time.
|
||
|
||
# From Fatih (2015-09-29):
|
||
# It's officially announced now by the Ministry of Energy.
|
||
# Turkey delays winter time to 8th of November 04:00
|
||
# http://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/yaz-saati-uygulamasi-8-kasimda-sona-erecek/362217
|
||
#
|
||
# From BBC News (2015-10-25):
|
||
# Confused Turks are asking "what's the time?" after automatic clocks defied a
|
||
# government decision ... "For the next two weeks #Turkey is on EEST... Erdogan
|
||
# Engineered Standard Time," said Twitter user @aysekarahasan.
|
||
# http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34631326
|
||
|
||
# From Burak AYDIN (2016-09-08):
|
||
# Turkey will stay in Daylight Saving Time even in winter....
|
||
# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2016/09/20160908-2.pdf
|
||
#
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2016-09-07):
|
||
# The change is permanent, so this is the new standard time in Turkey.
|
||
# It takes effect today, which is not much notice.
|
||
|
||
# From Kıvanç Yazan (2017-10-28):
|
||
# Turkey will go back to Daylight Saving Time starting 2018-10.
|
||
# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2017/10/20171028-5.pdf
|
||
#
|
||
# From Even Scharning (2017-11-08):
|
||
# ... today it was announced that the DST will become "continuous":
|
||
# http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/son-dakika-yaz-saati-uygulamasi-surekli-hale-geldi-40637482
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2017-11-08):
|
||
# Although Google Translate misfires on that source, it looks like
|
||
# Turkey reversed last month's decision, and so will stay at +03.
|
||
|
||
# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
||
Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
|
||
# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925;
|
||
# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
|
||
Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Turkey 1947 1951 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
# DST for 15 months; unusual but we'll let it pass.
|
||
Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Turkey 1963 only - Oct 30 0:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Turkey 1973 1976 - Oct Sun>=31 2:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 22 2:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Turkey 1976 only - Mar 21 2:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Turkey 1978 only - Jun 29 0:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 2:00 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 -
|
||
Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 1:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 1:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Turkey 1986 1993 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Turkey 1986 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
|
||
Rule Turkey 1994 only - Mar 20 1:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Turkey 1995 2006 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
|
||
Rule Turkey 1996 2006 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
|
||
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880
|
||
1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
|
||
2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Jun 29
|
||
3:00 Turkey +03/+04 1984 Nov 1 2:00
|
||
2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007
|
||
2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u
|
||
2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u
|
||
2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 1:00u
|
||
2:00 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1:00u
|
||
2:00 EU EE%sT 2015 Oct 25 1:00u
|
||
2:00 1:00 EEST 2015 Nov 8 1:00u
|
||
2:00 EU EE%sT 2016 Sep 7
|
||
3:00 - +03
|
||
Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
|
||
|
||
# Ukraine
|
||
#
|
||
# From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice,
|
||
# via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27):
|
||
# BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's government
|
||
# regulations No. 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says:
|
||
# "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday
|
||
# of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of
|
||
# October the time at 4am is changing to 3am"
|
||
|
||
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-20):
|
||
# On September 20, 2011 the deputies of the Verkhovna Rada agreed to
|
||
# abolish the transfer clock to winter time.
|
||
#
|
||
# Bill No. 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got
|
||
# approval from 266 deputies.
|
||
#
|
||
# Ukraine abolishes transfer back to the winter time (in Russian)
|
||
# http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/
|
||
#
|
||
# The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian)
|
||
# http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html
|
||
#
|
||
# Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian)
|
||
# https://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/
|
||
#
|
||
# From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18):
|
||
# Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the
|
||
# Ukrainian parliament have decided that they will go to winter
|
||
# time this year after all.
|
||
#
|
||
# From Udo Schwedt (2011-10-18):
|
||
# As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukrainian time zone
|
||
# (Europe/Kiev) to introduce permanent daylight saving time (similar
|
||
# to Russia) was reverted today:
|
||
# http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995
|
||
#
|
||
# Also reported by Alexander Bokovoy (2011-10-18) who also noted:
|
||
# The law documents themselves are at
|
||
# http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484
|
||
|
||
# From Vladimir in Moscow via Alois Treindl re Kiev time 1991/2 (2014-02-28):
|
||
# First in Ukraine they changed Time zone from UTC+3 to UTC+2 with DST:
|
||
# 03 25 1990 02:00 -03.00 1 Time Zone 3 with DST
|
||
# 07 01 1990 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST
|
||
# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 18.06.1990, No. 134.
|
||
# http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/T001500.html
|
||
#
|
||
# They did not end DST in September, 1990 (according to the law,
|
||
# "summer time" was still in action):
|
||
# 09 30 1990 03:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST
|
||
# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 21.09.1990, No. 272.
|
||
# http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/KP900272.html
|
||
#
|
||
# Again no change in March, 1991 ("summer time" in action):
|
||
# 03 31 1991 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST
|
||
#
|
||
# DST ended in September 1991 ("summer time" ended):
|
||
# 09 29 1991 03:00 -02.00 0 Time Zone 2, no DST
|
||
# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 25.09.1991, No. 225.
|
||
# http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_21/pg_iwgdoc.htm
|
||
# This is an answer.
|
||
#
|
||
# Since 1992 they had normal DST procedure:
|
||
# 03 29 1992 02:00 -02.00 1 DST started
|
||
# 09 27 1992 03:00 -02.00 0 DST ended
|
||
# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 20.03.1992, No. 139.
|
||
# http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_8u/pg_grcasa.htm
|
||
|
||
# From Paul Eggert (2018-10-03):
|
||
# As is usual in tzdb, Ukrainian zones use the most common English spellings.
|
||
# For example, tzdb uses Europe/Kiev, as "Kiev" is the most common spelling in
|
||
# English for Ukraine's capital, even though it is certainly wrong as a
|
||
# transliteration of the Ukrainian "Київ". This is similar to tzdb's use of
|
||
# Europe/Prague, which is certainly wrong as a transliteration of the Czech
|
||
# "Praha". ("Kiev" came from old Slavic via Russian to English, and "Prague"
|
||
# came from old Slavic via French to English, so the two cases have something
|
||
# in common.) Admittedly English-language spelling of Ukrainian names is
|
||
# controversial, and some day "Kyiv" may become substantially more popular in
|
||
# English; in the meantime, stick with the traditional English "Kiev" as that
|
||
# means less disruption for our users.
|
||
|
||
# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
||
# This represents most of Ukraine. See above for the spelling of "Kiev".
|
||
Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880
|
||
2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time
|
||
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
|
||
3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20
|
||
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6
|
||
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 1 2:00
|
||
2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 3:00
|
||
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
|
||
2:00 EU EE%sT
|
||
# Transcarpathia used CET 1990/1991.
|
||
# "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Rusyn/Ukrainian pronunciation, but
|
||
# "Uzhgorod" is more common in English.
|
||
Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct
|
||
1:00 - CET 1940
|
||
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
|
||
1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26
|
||
1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29
|
||
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
|
||
3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
|
||
1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00
|
||
2:00 - EET 1992
|
||
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
|
||
2:00 EU EE%sT
|
||
# Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991.
|
||
# "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
|
||
# "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English. Use the common English
|
||
# spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in
|
||
# portable Posix file names.
|
||
Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880
|
||
2:20 - +0220 1924 May 2
|
||
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
|
||
3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25
|
||
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25
|
||
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00
|
||
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
|
||
2:00 EU EE%sT
|
||
|
||
# Vatican City
|
||
# See Europe/Rome.
|
||
|
||
###############################################################################
|
||
|
||
# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from
|
||
# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986.
|
||
# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else.
|
||
#
|
||
# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but
|
||
# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules.
|
||
# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at
|
||
# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey
|
||
# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time
|
||
# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST)
|
||
|
||
# ...
|
||
# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100
|
||
# From: Tom Hofmann
|
||
# ...
|
||
#
|
||
# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when
|
||
# most European countries started DST. Before that year, only
|
||
# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according
|
||
# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on
|
||
# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following
|
||
# years...
|
||
# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions
|
||
# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST
|
||
# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep
|
||
# lastSun' in 1981 - I don't know how they handle now.
|
||
#
|
||
# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the
|
||
# Soviet Union (as far as I know).
|
||
#
|
||
# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG,
|
||
# 4002 Basle, Switzerland
|
||
# ...
|
||
|
||
# ...
|
||
# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100
|
||
# From: Dik T. Winter
|
||
# ...
|
||
#
|
||
# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct.
|
||
# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information
|
||
# about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969.
|
||
#
|
||
# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on
|
||
# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September...
|
||
# In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that
|
||
# the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982
|
||
# the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in
|
||
# the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch
|
||
# dates...
|
||
#
|
||
# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g.
|
||
# Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST...
|
||
# Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not
|
||
# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations
|
||
# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always
|
||
# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the
|
||
# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours
|
||
# in advance of normal time.
|
||
#
|
||
# ...
|
||
# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland
|
||
# ...
|
||
|
||
# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
|
||
# ...
|
||
# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates).
|
||
# Since 1978. Change at midnight.
|
||
# ...
|
||
# Monaco: has same DST as France.
|
||
# ...
|