579 lines
17 KiB
Groff
579 lines
17 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 2005 Sam Leffler <sam@errno.com>
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd April 10, 2010
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.Dt WPA_SUPPLICANT.CONF 5
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm wpa_supplicant.conf
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.Nd configuration file for
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.Xr wpa_supplicant 8
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Xr wpa_supplicant 8
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utility is an implementation of the WPA Supplicant component,
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i.e., the part that runs in the client stations.
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It implements WPA key negotiation with a WPA Authenticator
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and EAP authentication with Authentication Server using
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configuration information stored in a text file.
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.Pp
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The configuration file consists of optional global parameter
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settings and one or more network blocks, e.g.\&
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one for each used SSID.
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The
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.Xr wpa_supplicant 8
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utility
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will automatically select the best network based on the order of
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the network blocks in the configuration file, network security level
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(WPA/WPA2 is preferred), and signal strength.
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Comments are indicated with the
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.Ql #
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character; all text to the
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end of the line will be ignored.
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.Sh GLOBAL PARAMETERS
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Default parameters used by
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.Xr wpa_supplicant 8
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may be overridden by specifying
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.Pp
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.Dl parameter=value
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.Pp
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in the configuration file (note no spaces are allowed).
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Values with embedded spaces must be enclosed in quote marks.
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.Pp
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The following parameters are recognized:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Va ctrl_interface
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The pathname of the directory in which
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.Xr wpa_supplicant 8
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creates
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.Ux
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domain socket files for communication
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with frontend programs such as
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.Xr wpa_cli 8 .
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.It Va ctrl_interface_group
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A group name or group ID to use in setting protection on the
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control interface file.
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This can be set to allow non-root users to access the
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control interface files.
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If no group is specified, the group ID of the control interface
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is not modified and will, typically, be the
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group ID of the directory in which the socket is created.
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.It Va eapol_version
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The IEEE 802.1x/EAPOL protocol version to use; either 1 (default) or 2.
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The
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.Xr wpa_supplicant 8
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utility
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is implemented according to IEEE 802-1X-REV-d8 which defines
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EAPOL version to be 2.
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However, some access points do not work when presented with
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this version so by default
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.Xr wpa_supplicant 8
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will announce that it is using EAPOL version 1.
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If version 2 must be announced for correct operation with an
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access point, this value may be set to 2.
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.It Va ap_scan
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Access point scanning and selection control; one of 0, 1 (default), or 2.
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Only setting 1 should be used with the
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.Xr wlan 4
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module; the other settings are for use on other operating systems.
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.It Va fast_reauth
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EAP fast re-authentication; either 1 (default) or 0.
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Control fast re-authentication support in EAP methods that support it.
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.El
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.Sh NETWORK BLOCKS
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Each potential network/access point should have a
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.Dq "network block"
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that describes how to identify it and how to set up security.
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When multiple network blocks are listed in a configuration file,
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the highest priority one is selected for use or, if multiple networks
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with the same priority are identified, the first one listed in the
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configuration file is used.
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.Pp
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A network block description is of the form:
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.Bd -literal -offset indent
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network={
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parameter=value
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...
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}
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.Ed
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.Pp
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(note the leading
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.Qq Li "network={"
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may have no spaces).
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The block specification contains one or more parameters
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from the following list:
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.Bl -tag -width indent
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.It Va ssid No (required)
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Network name (as announced by the access point).
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An
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.Tn ASCII
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or hex string enclosed in quotation marks.
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.It Va scan_ssid
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SSID scan technique; 0 (default) or 1.
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Technique 0 scans for the SSID using a broadcast Probe Request
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frame while 1 uses a directed Probe Request frame.
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Access points that cloak themselves by not broadcasting their SSID
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require technique 1, but beware that this scheme can cause scanning
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to take longer to complete.
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.It Va bssid
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Network BSSID (typically the MAC address of the access point).
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.It Va priority
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The priority of a network when selecting among multiple networks;
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a higher value means a network is more desirable.
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By default networks have priority 0.
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When multiple networks with the same priority are considered
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for selection, other information such as security policy and
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signal strength are used to select one.
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.It Va mode
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IEEE 802.11 operation mode; either 0 (infrastructure, default) or 1 (IBSS).
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Note that IBSS (adhoc) mode can only be used with
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.Va key_mgmt
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set to
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.Li NONE
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(plaintext and static WEP), or
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.Va key_mgmt
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set to
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.Li WPA-NONE
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(fixed group key TKIP/CCMP).
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In addition,
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.Va ap_scan
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has to be set to 2 for IBSS.
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.Li WPA-NONE
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requires
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.Va proto
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set to WPA,
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.Va key_mgmt
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set to WPA-NONE,
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.Va pairwise
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set to NONE,
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.Va group
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set to either
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CCMP or TKIP (but not both), and
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.Va psk
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must also be set.
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.It Va proto
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List of acceptable protocols; one or more of:
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.Li WPA
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(IEEE 802.11i/D3.0)
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and
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.Li RSN
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(IEEE 802.11i).
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.Li WPA2
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is another name for
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.Li RSN .
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If not set this defaults to
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.Qq Li "WPA RSN" .
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.It Va key_mgmt
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List of acceptable key management protocols; one or more of:
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.Li WPA-PSK
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(WPA pre-shared key),
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.Li WPA-EAP
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(WPA using EAP authentication),
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.Li IEEE8021X
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(IEEE 802.1x using EAP authentication and,
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optionally, dynamically generated WEP keys),
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.Li NONE
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(plaintext or static WEP keys).
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If not set this defaults to
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.Qq Li "WPA-PSK WPA-EAP" .
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.It Va auth_alg
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List of allowed IEEE 802.11 authentication algorithms; one or more of:
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.Li OPEN
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(Open System authentication, required for WPA/WPA2),
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.Li SHARED
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(Shared Key authentication),
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.Li LEAP
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(LEAP/Network EAP).
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If not set automatic selection is used (Open System with LEAP
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enabled if LEAP is allowed as one of the EAP methods).
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.It Va pairwise
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List of acceptable pairwise (unicast) ciphers for WPA; one or more of:
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.Li CCMP
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(AES in Counter mode with CBC-MAC, RFC 3610, IEEE 802.11i/D7.0),
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.Li TKIP
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(Temporal Key Integrity Protocol, IEEE 802.11i/D7.0),
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.Li NONE
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(deprecated).
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If not set this defaults to
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.Qq Li "CCMP TKIP" .
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.It Va group
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List of acceptable group (multicast) ciphers for WPA; one or more of:
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.Li CCMP
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(AES in Counter mode with CBC-MAC, RFC 3610, IEEE 802.11i/D7.0),
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.Li TKIP
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(Temporal Key Integrity Protocol, IEEE 802.11i/D7.0),
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.Li WEP104
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(WEP with 104-bit key),
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.Li WEP40
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(WEP with 40-bit key).
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If not set this defaults to
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.Qq Li "CCMP TKIP WEP104 WEP40" .
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.It Va psk
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WPA preshared key used in WPA-PSK mode.
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The key is specified as 64 hex digits or as
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an 8-63 character
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.Tn ASCII
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passphrase.
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.Tn ASCII
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passphrases are dynamically converted to a 256-bit key at runtime
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using the network SSID, or they can be statically converted at
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configuration time using
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the
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.Xr wpa_passphrase 8
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utility.
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.It Va eapol_flags
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Dynamic WEP key usage for non-WPA mode, specified as a bit field.
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Bit 0 (1) forces dynamically generated unicast WEP keys to be used.
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Bit 1 (2) forces dynamically generated broadcast WEP keys to be used.
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By default this is set to 3 (use both).
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.It Va eap
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List of acceptable EAP methods; one or more of:
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.Li MD5
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(EAP-MD5, cannot be used with WPA,
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used only as a Phase 2 method with EAP-PEAP or EAP-TTLS),
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.Li MSCHAPV2
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(EAP-MSCHAPV2, cannot be used with WPA;
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used only as a Phase 2 method with EAP-PEAP or EAP-TTLS),
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.Li OTP
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(EAP-OTP, cannot be used with WPA;
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used only as a Phase 2 metod with EAP-PEAP or EAP-TTLS),
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.Li GTC
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(EAP-GTC, cannot be used with WPA;
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used only as a Phase 2 metod with EAP-PEAP or EAP-TTLS),
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.Li TLS
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(EAP-TLS, client and server certificate),
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.Li PEAP
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(EAP-PEAP, with tunneled EAP authentication),
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.Li TTLS
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(EAP-TTLS, with tunneled EAP or PAP/CHAP/MSCHAP/MSCHAPV2 authentication).
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If not set this defaults to all available methods compiled in to
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.Xr wpa_supplicant 8 .
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Note that by default
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.Xr wpa_supplicant 8
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is compiled with EAP support; see
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.Xr make.conf 5
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for the
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.Va NO_WPA_SUPPLICANT_EAPOL
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configuration variable that can be used to disable EAP support.
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.It Va identity
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Identity string for EAP.
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.It Va anonymous_identity
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Anonymous identity string for EAP (to be used as the unencrypted identity
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with EAP types that support different tunneled identities; e.g.\& EAP-TTLS).
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.It Va mixed_cell
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Configure whether networks that allow both plaintext and encryption
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are allowed when selecting a BSS from the scan results.
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By default this is set to 0 (disabled).
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.It Va password
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Password string for EAP.
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.It Va ca_cert
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Pathname to CA certificate file.
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This file can have one or more trusted CA certificates.
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If
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.Va ca_cert
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is not included, server certificates will not be verified (not recommended).
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.It Va client_cert
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Pathname to client certificate file (PEM/DER).
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.It Va private_key
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Pathname to a client private key file (PEM/DER/PFX).
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When a PKCS#12/PFX file is used, then
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.Va client_cert
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should not be specified as both the private key and certificate will be
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read from PKCS#12 file.
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.It Va private_key_passwd
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Password for any private key file.
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.It Va dh_file
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Pathname to a file holding DH/DSA parameters (in PEM format).
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This file holds parameters for an ephemeral DH key exchange.
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In most cases, the default RSA authentication does not use this configuration.
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However, it is possible to set up RSA to use an ephemeral DH key exchange.
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In addition, ciphers with
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DSA keys always use ephemeral DH keys.
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This can be used to achieve forward secrecy.
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If the
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.Va dh_file
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is in DSA parameters format, it will be automatically converted
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into DH params.
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.It Va subject_match
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Substring to be matched against the subject of the
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authentication server certificate.
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If this string is set, the server
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certificate is only accepted if it contains this string in the subject.
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The subject string is in following format:
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.Pp
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.Dl "/C=US/ST=CA/L=San Francisco/CN=Test AS/emailAddress=as@example.com"
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.It Va phase1
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Phase1 (outer authentication, i.e., TLS tunnel) parameters
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(string with field-value pairs, e.g.,
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.Qq Li peapver=0
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or
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.Qq Li "peapver=1 peaplabel=1" ) .
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.Bl -inset
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.It Li peapver
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can be used to force which PEAP version (0 or 1) is used.
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.It Li peaplabel=1
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can be used to force new label,
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.Dq "client PEAP encryption" ,
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to be used during key derivation when PEAPv1 or newer.
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Most existing PEAPv1 implementations seem to be using the old label,
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.Dq Li "client EAP encryption" ,
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and
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.Xr wpa_supplicant 8
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is now using that as the
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default value.
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Some servers, e.g.,
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.Tn Radiator ,
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may require
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.Li peaplabel=1
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configuration to interoperate with PEAPv1; see
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.Pa eap_testing.txt
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for more details.
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.It Li peap_outer_success=0
|
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can be used to terminate PEAP authentication on
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tunneled EAP-Success.
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This is required with some RADIUS servers that
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implement
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.Pa draft-josefsson-pppext-eap-tls-eap-05.txt
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(e.g.,
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.Tn Lucent NavisRadius v4.4.0
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with PEAP in
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.Dq "IETF Draft 5"
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mode).
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.It Li include_tls_length=1
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can be used to force
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.Xr wpa_supplicant 8
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to include
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TLS Message Length field in all TLS messages even if they are not
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fragmented.
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.It Li sim_min_num_chal=3
|
|
can be used to configure EAP-SIM to require three
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challenges (by default, it accepts 2 or 3)
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.It Li fast_provisioning=1
|
|
option enables in-line provisioning of EAP-FAST
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credentials (PAC).
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.El
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.It Va phase2
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phase2: Phase2 (inner authentication with TLS tunnel) parameters
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(string with field-value pairs, e.g.,
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.Qq Li "auth=MSCHAPV2"
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for EAP-PEAP or
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.Qq Li "autheap=MSCHAPV2 autheap=MD5"
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for EAP-TTLS).
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.It Va ca_cert2
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Like
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.Va ca_cert
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but for EAP inner Phase 2.
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.It Va client_cert2
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Like
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.Va client_cert
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but for EAP inner Phase 2.
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.It Va private_key2
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Like
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.Va private_key
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but for EAP inner Phase 2.
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.It Va private_key2_passwd
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Like
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.Va private_key_passwd
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but for EAP inner Phase 2.
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.It Va dh_file2
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Like
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|
.Va dh_file
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|
but for EAP inner Phase 2.
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.It Va subject_match2
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|
Like
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|
.Va subject_match
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|
but for EAP inner Phase 2.
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.It Va eappsk
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|
16-byte pre-shared key in hex format for use with EAP-PSK.
|
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.It Va nai
|
|
User NAI for use with EAP-PSK.
|
|
.It Va server_nai
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|
Authentication Server NAI for use with EAP-PSK.
|
|
.It Va pac_file
|
|
Pathname to the file to use for PAC entries with EAP-FAST.
|
|
The
|
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.Xr wpa_supplicant 8
|
|
utility
|
|
must be able to create this file and write updates to it when
|
|
PAC is being provisioned or refreshed.
|
|
.It Va eap_workaround
|
|
Enable/disable EAP workarounds for various interoperability issues
|
|
with misbehaving authentication servers.
|
|
By default these workarounds are enabled.
|
|
Strict EAP conformance can be configured by setting this to 0.
|
|
.It Va wep_tx_keyidx
|
|
which key to use for transmission of packets.
|
|
.It Va wep_keyN key
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|
An
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|
.Tn ASCII
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|
string enclosed in quotation marks to encode the WEP key.
|
|
Without quotes this is a hex string of the actual key.
|
|
WEP is considered insecure and should be avoided.
|
|
The exact translation from an ASCII key to a hex key varies.
|
|
Use hex keys where possible.
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh CERTIFICATES
|
|
Some EAP authentication methods require use of certificates.
|
|
EAP-TLS uses both server- and client-side certificates,
|
|
whereas EAP-PEAP and EAP-TTLS only require a server-side certificate.
|
|
When a client certificate is used, a matching private key file must
|
|
also be included in configuration.
|
|
If the private key uses a passphrase, this
|
|
has to be configured in the
|
|
.Nm
|
|
file as
|
|
.Va private_key_passwd .
|
|
.Pp
|
|
The
|
|
.Xr wpa_supplicant 8
|
|
utility
|
|
supports X.509 certificates in PEM and DER formats.
|
|
User certificate and private key can be included in the same file.
|
|
.Pp
|
|
If the user certificate and private key is received in PKCS#12/PFX
|
|
format, they need to be converted to a suitable PEM/DER format for
|
|
use by
|
|
.Xr wpa_supplicant 8 .
|
|
This can be done using the
|
|
.Xr openssl 1
|
|
program, e.g.\& with the following commands:
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
# convert client certificate and private key to PEM format
|
|
openssl pkcs12 -in example.pfx -out user.pem -clcerts
|
|
# convert CA certificate (if included in PFX file) to PEM format
|
|
openssl pkcs12 -in example.pfx -out ca.pem -cacerts -nokeys
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Sh FILES
|
|
.Bl -tag -width ".Pa /usr/share/examples/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf" -compact
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|
.It Pa /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
|
|
.It Pa /usr/share/examples/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
|
|
.El
|
|
.Sh EXAMPLES
|
|
WPA-Personal (PSK) as a home network and WPA-Enterprise with EAP-TLS
|
|
as a work network:
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
# allow frontend (e.g., wpa_cli) to be used by all users in 'wheel' group
|
|
ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant
|
|
ctrl_interface_group=wheel
|
|
#
|
|
# home network; allow all valid ciphers
|
|
network={
|
|
ssid="home"
|
|
scan_ssid=1
|
|
key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
|
|
psk="very secret passphrase"
|
|
}
|
|
#
|
|
# work network; use EAP-TLS with WPA; allow only CCMP and TKIP ciphers
|
|
network={
|
|
ssid="work"
|
|
scan_ssid=1
|
|
key_mgmt=WPA-EAP
|
|
pairwise=CCMP TKIP
|
|
group=CCMP TKIP
|
|
eap=TLS
|
|
identity="user@example.com"
|
|
ca_cert="/etc/cert/ca.pem"
|
|
client_cert="/etc/cert/user.pem"
|
|
private_key="/etc/cert/user.prv"
|
|
private_key_passwd="password"
|
|
}
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
WPA-RADIUS/EAP-PEAP/MSCHAPv2 with RADIUS servers that use old peaplabel
|
|
(e.g., Funk Odyssey and SBR, Meetinghouse Aegis, Interlink RAD-Series):
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant
|
|
ctrl_interface_group=wheel
|
|
network={
|
|
ssid="example"
|
|
scan_ssid=1
|
|
key_mgmt=WPA-EAP
|
|
eap=PEAP
|
|
identity="user@example.com"
|
|
password="foobar"
|
|
ca_cert="/etc/cert/ca.pem"
|
|
phase1="peaplabel=0"
|
|
phase2="auth=MSCHAPV2"
|
|
}
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
EAP-TTLS/EAP-MD5-Challenge configuration with anonymous identity for the
|
|
unencrypted use.
|
|
Real identity is sent only within an encrypted TLS tunnel.
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant
|
|
ctrl_interface_group=wheel
|
|
network={
|
|
ssid="example"
|
|
scan_ssid=1
|
|
key_mgmt=WPA-EAP
|
|
eap=TTLS
|
|
identity="user@example.com"
|
|
anonymous_identity="anonymous@example.com"
|
|
password="foobar"
|
|
ca_cert="/etc/cert/ca.pem"
|
|
phase2="auth=MD5"
|
|
}
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Pp
|
|
Traditional WEP configuration with 104 bit key specified in hexadecimal.
|
|
Note the WEP key is not quoted.
|
|
.Bd -literal
|
|
ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant
|
|
ctrl_interface_group=wheel
|
|
network={
|
|
ssid="example"
|
|
scan_ssid=1
|
|
key_mgmt=NONE
|
|
wep_tx_keyidx=0
|
|
# hex keys denoted without quotes
|
|
wep_key0=42FEEDDEAFBABEDEAFBEEFAA55
|
|
# ASCII keys denoted with quotes.
|
|
wep_key1="FreeBSDr0cks!"
|
|
}
|
|
.Ed
|
|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
|
.Xr wpa_cli 8 ,
|
|
.Xr wpa_passphrase 8 ,
|
|
.Xr wpa_supplicant 8
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
|
The
|
|
.Nm
|
|
manual page and
|
|
.Xr wpa_supplicant 8
|
|
functionality first appeared in
|
|
.Fx 6.0 .
|
|
.Sh AUTHORS
|
|
This manual page is derived from the
|
|
.Pa README
|
|
and
|
|
.Pa wpa_supplicant.conf
|
|
files in the
|
|
.Nm wpa_supplicant
|
|
distribution provided by
|
|
.An Jouni Malinen Aq j@w1.fi .
|