353 lines
15 KiB
Plaintext
353 lines
15 KiB
Plaintext
Hardware Documentation Guide: $Id: hardware.hlp,v 1.6 1995/06/05 15:26:35 jkh Exp $
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Table of Contents
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-----------------
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0. Document Conventions
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1. Using UserConfig to change FreeBSD kernel settings
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2. Default Configuration (GENERIC kernel)
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3. LINT - other possible configurations.
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4. Known Hardware Problems.
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=========================================================================
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0. Document Conventions
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-- --------------------
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We have `underlined' text which represents user input with `-'
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symbols throughout this document to differentiate it from
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the machine output.
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1. Using UserConfig to change FreeBSD kernel settings
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-- --------------------------------------------------
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The UserConfig utility allows you to override various settings of
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the FreeBSD kernel before the system has booted. This allows you to
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make minor adjustments to the various drivers in the system without
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necessarily having to recompile the kernel.
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UserConfig is activated by specifying the `-c' flag at the initial
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boot prompt. For example:
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>> FreeBSD BOOT @ 0x10000: 640/7168 k of memory
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Use hd(1,a)/kernel to boot sd0 when wd0 is also installed.
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Usage: [[wd(0,a)]/kernel][-abcCdhrsv]
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Use ? for file list or press Enter for defaults
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Boot: -c
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--
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This command causes the system to boot the default kernel ("/kernel") and
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the UserConfig utility to be started once the kernel is loaded into memory.
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The `-c' flag follows any of the other parameters you may need to provide
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for the system to boot properly. For example, to boot off the second of
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two SCSI drives installed and run UserConfig, you would type:
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Boot: sd(1,a)/kernel -c
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-----------------
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As always, the kernel will report some information on your processor
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and how much memory your system has. Then UserConfig will be invoked
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and you will see the prompt:
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config>
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To see the list of commands that UserConfig accepts, you may type '?' and
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press [ENTER]. The help message looks something like this:
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Command Description
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------- -----------
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attach <devname> Return results of device attach
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ls List currently configured devices
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port <devname> <addr> Set device port (i/o address)
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irq <devname> <number> Set device irq
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drq <devname> <number> Set device drq (DMA Request)
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iomem <devname> <addr> Set device maddr (memory address)
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iosize <devname> <size> Set device memory size
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flags <devname> <mask> Set device flags
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enable <devname> Enable device
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probe <devname> Return results of device probe
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disable <devname> Disable device (will not be probed)
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quit Exit this configuration utility
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help This message
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You may alter nearly all of the default settings present in the FreeBSD
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generic kernel. This includes reassigning IRQs, disabling troublesome
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devices (or drivers that conflict with the hardware your system has),
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setting special device flags, etc.
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The most common use of UserConfig is to adjust or disable a driver
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which is causing trouble. The "ls" command displays the current
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settings for all the drivers present in the booted kernel, and
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once you have located an entry of interest you may use the displayed
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device name to change its settings or even disable the driver completely.
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For example, to change the address of network adapter 'ed0' to the
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address 0xd4000, you would type
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config> iomem ed0 0xd4000
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-----------------
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To entirely disable a device driver you are not using, use the
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"disable" command. In this example, you would disable device
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`ie0' by typing:
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config> disable ie0
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-----------
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You can use the "ls" command to verify your changes and correct
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any other problems before continuing the boot process.
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Once you are happy with a given configuration you may type: "quit"
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This will cause the kernel to boot with the new settings you
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have chosen.
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Once you have a fully installed system (e.g. the `bin' distribution
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has been successfully extracted), any changes you make in UserConfig
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are permanently stored in the `/kernel' file on the root filesystem.
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This action is performed by the `dset' utility, which will ensure that
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these settings remain in effect until you replace the kernel with
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a new one. If you do not want your changes to be permanently
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stored like this, remove `dset' from the /etc/rc file before you
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make any changes.
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If you accidentally change a setting for a device that you did not mean
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to change, the safest thing to do is to reset the computer and start
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over. Do not allow the boot to proceed (e.g. do not type "quit") with
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bad settings as these may be permanently stored by dset and
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leave your system in a state where it will no longer run properly.
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We suggest as a general rule that you disable any drivers that are not
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used by your particular hardware configuration. There are known problems
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with certain device drivers (see section 4.0) that can cause conflicts
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with other devices if they're also not disabled. You should move or
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disable any device that resides at the same port or IRQ as a device
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you actually have!
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You can also remove drivers that are not needed by building yourself a
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custom kernel that contains only the device deviers which your system
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really needs (see section 6.0 of the FreeBSD.FAQ). If your system has
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sufficient free disk space to store and compile the kernel sources,
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this is the option we most highly recommend.
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2. Default (GENERIC) Configuration
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-- -------------------------------
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The following table contains a list of all of the devices that are present
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in the GENERIC kernel, which is the kernel (the operating system) that was
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placed on your computer during the FreeBSD installation process.
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(A compressed version of the GENERIC kernel is also used on the
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installation floppy diskettes.)
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The table describes the various parameters used by the driver to communicate
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with the hardware in your system. There are four parameters in the
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table, but not all are used by each device. They are:
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Port the starting I/O port used by the device, shown in hexadecimal.
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IOMem the lowest (or starting) memory address used by the device,
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also shown in hexadecimal.
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IRQ the interrupt the device uses to alert the driver to an event,
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given in decimal.
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DRQ the DMA (direct memory access) channel the device uses to move
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data to and from main memory, also given in decimal.
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If an entry in the table has `n/a' for the value, it means that the
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parameter does not apply to that device. A value of `dyn' means that the
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correct value should be determined automatically by the kernel when the
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system boots.
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FreeBSD GENERIC kernel:
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Port IRQ DRQ IOMem Description
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---- --- --- ----- ---------------------------------
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fdc0 3f0 6 2 n/a Floppy disk controller
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wdc0 1f0 14 n/a n/a IDE/MFM/RLL disk controller
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wdc1 170 15 n/a n/a IDE/MFM/RLL disk controller
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ncr0 n/a n/a n/a n/a NCR PCI SCSI controller
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ahc0 n/a n/a n/a n/a Adaptec 294x PCI SCSI controller
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bt0 330 dyn dyn dyn Buslogic SCSI controller
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uha0 330 dyn 6 dyn Ultrastore 14f
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ahc1 dyn dyn dyn dyn Adaptec 274x/284x SCSI controller
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ahb0 dyn dyn dyn dyn Adaptec 174x SCSI controller
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aha0 330 dyn 5 dyn Adaptec 154x SCSI controller
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aic0 340 11 dyn dyn Adaptec 152x/AIC-6360 SCSI
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controller
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nca0 1f88 10 dyn dyn ProAudioSpectrum cards
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nca1 350 5 dyn dyn ProAudioSpectrum cards
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sea0 dyn 5 dyn c8000 Seagate ST01/02 8 bit controller
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wt0 300 5 1 dyn Wangtek and Archive QIC-02/QIC-36
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mcd0 300 10 n/a n/a Mitsumi CD-ROM
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mcd1 340 11 n/a n/a Mitsumi CD-ROM
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matcd0 dyn n/a n/a n/a Matsushita/Panasonic CD-ROM
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scd0 230 n/a n/a n/a Sony CD-ROM
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sio0 3f8 4 n/a n/a Serial Port 0 (COM1)
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sio1 2f8 3 n/a n/a Serial Port 1 (COM2)
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sio2 3e8 5 n/a n/a Serial Port 2 (COM3)
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sio3 2e8 9 n/a n/a Serial Port 3 (COM4)
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lpt0 dyn 7 n/a n/a Printer Port 0
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lpt1 dyn dyn n/a n/a Printer Port 1
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lpt2 dyn dyn n/a n/a Printer Port 2
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de0 DEC DC21x40 PCI based cards
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(including 21140 100bT cards)
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ed0 280 5 dyn d8000 WD & SMC 80xx; Novell NE1000 &
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NE2000; 3Com 3C503
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ed1 300 5 dyn d8000 Same as ed0
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eg0 310 5 dyn dyn 3Com 3C505
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ep0 300 10 dyn dyn 3Com 3C509
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ie0 360 7 dyn d0000 AT&T StarLAN 10 and EN100;
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3Com 3C507; NI5210
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ix0 300 10 dyn d0000 Intel EtherExpress cards
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le0 300 5 dyn d0000 Digital Equipment EtherWorks
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2 and EtherWorks 3
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lnc0 280 10 n/a dyn Lance/PCnet cards
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(Isolan, Novell NE2100, NE32-VL)
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lnc1 300 10 n/a dyn See lnc0
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ze0 300 5 dyn d8000 IBM/National Semiconductor
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PCMCIA Ethernet Controller
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zp0 300 10 dyn d8000 3Com PCMCIA Etherlink III
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Ethernet Controller
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--- End of table ---
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If the hardware in your computer is not set to the same settings as
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those shown in this table and the item is not marked 'dyn', you will
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have to either reconfigure your hardware, or use UserConfig ('-c boot
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option) to reconfigure the kernel to match the way your hardware is
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currently set (see section 1.0).
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If the settings do not match, the kernel may be unable to locate
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or reliably access the devices in your system.
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3. LINT - other possible configurations
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-- ------------------------------------
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The following drivers are not in the GENERIC kernel but remain
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available to those who do not mind compiling a custom kernel (see
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section 6 of FreeBSD.FAQ). The LINT configuration file
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(/sys/i386/conf/LINT) also contains prototype entries for just about
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every device supported by FreeBSD and is a good general reference.
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The device names and a short description of each are listed below. The port
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numbers, etc, are not meaningful here since you will need to compile a
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custom kernel to gain access to these devices anyway and can thus
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adjust the addresses to match the hardware in your computer in the process.
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The LINT file contains prototype entries for all of the below which you
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can easily cut-and-paste into your own file (or simply copy LINT and edit
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it to taste):
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apm: Laptop Advanced Power Management (experimental)
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ctx: Cortex-I frame grabber
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cx: Cronyx/Sigma multiport sync/async
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cy: Cyclades high-speed serial driver
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el: 3Com 3C501
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fe: Fujitsu MB86960A/MB86965A Ethernet cards
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fea: DEV DEFEA EISA FDDI adater
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fpa: DEC DEFPA PCI FDDI adapter
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gp: National Instruments AT-GPIB and AT-GPIB/TNT board
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gsc: Genius GS-4500 hand scanner
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gus: Gravis Ultrasound - Ultrasound, Ultrasound 16, Ultrasound MAX
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gusmax: Gravis Ultrasound MAX (currently broken)
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gusxvi: Gravis Ultrasound 16-bit PCM
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joy: Joystick
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labpc: National Instrument's Lab-PC and Lab-PC+
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mpu: Roland MPU-401 stand-alone card
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mse: Logitech & ATI InPort bus mouse ports
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mss: Microsoft Sound System
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nic: Dr Neuhaus NICCY 3008, 3009 & 5000 ISDN cards
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opl: Yamaha OPL-2 and OPL-3 FM - SB, SB Pro, SB 16, ProAudioSpectrum
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pas: ProAudioSpectrum PCM and MIDI
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pca: PCM audio through your PC speaker
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psm: PS/2 mouse port
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rc: RISCom/8 multiport card
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sb: SoundBlaster PCM - SoundBlaster, SB Pro, SB16, ProAudioSpectrum
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sbmidi: SoundBlaster 16 MIDI interface
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sbxvi: SoundBlaster 16
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spigot: Create Labs Video Spigot video-acquisition board
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uart: Stand-alone 6850 UART for MIDI
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wds: Western Digital WD7000 IDE
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--- end of list ---
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4. Known Hardware Problems, Q & A:
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--- -------------------------------
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Q: mcd0 keeps thinking that it has found a device and this stops my Intel
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EtherExpress card from working.
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A: Use the UserConfig utility (see section 1.0) and disable the probing of
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the mcd0 and mcd1 devices. Generally speaking, you should only leave
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the devices that you will be using enabled in your kernel.
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Q: The system finds my ed network card, but I keep getting device
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timeout errors.
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A: Your card is probably on a different IRQ from what is specified in the
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kernel configuration. The ed driver will no longer use the `soft'
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configuration by default (values entered using EZSETUP in DOS), but it
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will use the software configuration if you specify `?' in the IRQ field
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of your kernel config file. The reason for the change is because the
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ed driver used to read and try to use the soft configuration information
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even when the card was jumpered to use a hard configuration, and this
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caused problems.
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Either move the jumper on the card to a hard configuration setting
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(altering the kernel settings if necessary), or specify the IRQ as
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`-1' in UserConfig or `?' in your kernel config file. This will
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tell the kernel to use the soft configuration.
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Q: I go to boot from the hard disk for the first time after installing
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FreeBSD, but the Boot Manger prompt just prints `F?' and the boot menu
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each time and the system won't go any further.
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A: The hard disk geometry was set incorrectly in the Partition editor when
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you installed FreeBSD. Go back into the partition editor and specify
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the actual geometry of your hard disk. You must reinstall FreeBSD
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again from the beginning.
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<< XXX Hints here about determining correct geometry? XXX >>
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Q: I have a Matsushita/Panasonic CD-ROM drive but it isn't recognized
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by the system, even if I use UserConfig to change the Port address to
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630, which is what my card uses.
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A: Not all of the companies that sell the Matsushita/Panasonic CR-562
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and CR-563 drives use the same I/O ports and interface that the
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matcd driver in FreeBSD expects. The only adapters that are supported
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at this time are those that are 100% compatible with the Creative
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Labs (SoundBlaster) host interface. See matcd.4 documentation for a
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list of host adapters that are known to work.
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Q: I'm trying to install from a tape drive but all I get is something like:
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st0(aha0:1:0) NOT READY csi 40,0,0,0
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on the screen. Help!
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A: There's a limitation in the current sysinstall that the tape MUST
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be in the drive while sysinstall is started or it won't be detected.
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Try again with the tape in the drive the whole time.
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[ Please add more hardware tips to this Q&A section! ]
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